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- Просмотров 284 345
Andrew Jackson | AJ Design Studio LTD
Новая Зеландия
Добавлен 16 окт 2011
Welcome to my RUclips channel dedicated to Solidworks and Rhino modelling techniques, primarily for industrial designers.
I share practical tips, problem-solving strategies and tutorials to help you overcome challenges in Solidworks. I also share techniques I have used in real-world projects, hopefully providing inspiration for your own modeling techniques. Thanks for watching and happy modelling. AJ
I share practical tips, problem-solving strategies and tutorials to help you overcome challenges in Solidworks. I also share techniques I have used in real-world projects, hopefully providing inspiration for your own modeling techniques. Thanks for watching and happy modelling. AJ
Apple Corner 3. Clothoidal Pill/Lozenge Transition
This is the third video in a series exploring Apple corners based on an approximated clothoidal transition. This time, I look at whether the same technique can be used to model a pill or lozenge form. The reference geometry is line work of the side button of an Apple Watch 6, sourced from the Apple guidelines. After changing some of the geometry from driving, to being driven, it looks like this technique will result in curves very close to the Apple reference.
Here's a link to the Apple Corner Part 1 video
ruclips.net/video/EMeGqOE2QQ4/видео.html
Here's a link to the Apple Corner Part 2 video
ruclips.net/video/mOOebAttW-c/видео.html
You can download the Solidworks corner file here... SW 2020....
Here's a link to the Apple Corner Part 1 video
ruclips.net/video/EMeGqOE2QQ4/видео.html
Here's a link to the Apple Corner Part 2 video
ruclips.net/video/mOOebAttW-c/видео.html
You can download the Solidworks corner file here... SW 2020....
Просмотров: 197
Видео
Apple Corner 2. Variations
Просмотров 1,6 тыс.9 часов назад
In this video I explore some Apple corner variations based on my baseline result from part 1 (degree 5 spline clothoid approximation), as well as having a quick look at the 'squircle' or super ellipse in Rhino/Grasshopper. I have not really drawn any conclusions about the actual geometry from this exercise, but I do favour one variation at this point for the set up and repeatability. Let me kno...
Apple Corner 1. Approximated Clothoidal Transition
Просмотров 4,1 тыс.19 часов назад
I've had a few comments since posting the MacBook Air M1 video, regarding the 'Apple Corner'. I decided to investigate the clothoid/Euler spiral again and found a post from 2023 on the Rhino forums, with a Grasshopper definition that creates a clothoid transition between a line and an arc. In the past I have given up as I do not have the programming know how to figure this out. Using the Grassh...
MacBook Air M1 Exterior Surface Modelling Exercise in Solidworks
Просмотров 892День назад
In this video share an advanced surface modelling exercise, where I have attempted to model the exterior form of the MacBook Air M1, using G3 blends via boundary surfaces. The M1 has both planar and fluid forms, which need a high level of control... like the underside corners, as I found out. You can download the Solidworks 2020 model here. drive.google.com/file/d/1DRv32j2sqMHyEKTsWOPKmdoOa_fCL...
Guitar Neck - With Volute - Surface Modelling Exercise In Solidworks
Просмотров 48014 дней назад
I've had a few people contact me since I posted the Les Paul Jr neck video, asking for assistance with modelling the neck/headstock area but with an edge/crease or volute between the neck and rear surface of the headstock. This video covers a way of modelling a volute using Solidworks surface features. The neck and heel in the model is reused from my previous Les Paul Jr video, which you can vi...
Tips For Robust Surface Modelling in Solidworks: Scaffolding
Просмотров 1,1 тыс.Месяц назад
In this video I cover a few examples of using solid models as a scaffold from which surfaces are built. This is a form of hybrid modelling. This technique suits fairly geometric or controlled forms and the use of solids allows the modeller to quickly block out base geometry or volumes. Please visit my site for more information. ajdesignstudio.co.nz/ If you found this video useful, you may also ...
Tips For Robust Surface Modelling in Solidworks
Просмотров 1,4 тыс.Месяц назад
In this video I share some Solidworks surface modelling tips that I use to create models that are more robust, as well as easier to navigate should you need to redefine features. Please visit my site for more information. ajdesignstudio.co.nz/ If you found this video useful, you may also be interested in a rundown of the boundary surface feature in Solidworks. ruclips.net/video/pybxF8Ny_2c/виде...
Opte Skincare Device Animation
Просмотров 3342 месяца назад
A product animation of the Opte Skincare Device produced for Astro Studios.
Mountain Bike Trail LiDAR scan with iPhone 12 Pro. Night Ride. Brooklyn Trail Builders
Просмотров 1232 месяца назад
Following on from this earlier test ruclips.net/video/SQSh4za0wik/видео.html the camera speed now varies throughout the animation (keyframed) and the camera banking is automatically connected to the tighness of the turn, via a ratio. Seems to be ok, but still quite a bit of manual set up needed. Night riding this time around. Much more fun. And a big fall off the trail edge :) Animated and rend...
Mountain Bike Trail LiDAR scan with iPhone 12 Pro. Full Trail Scan Test. Brooklyn Trail Builders
Просмотров 1632 месяца назад
Testing the LiDAR scanner in the iPhone 12 Pro. This time, I scanned the entire length of a downhill trail that is approximately 90% complete. Trail length of 950 metres and the scanner got to about 80% capacity. I've imported the mesh into Rhino to run some Grasshopper calculations on average and discrete slopes. The camera is moving at a constant speed in this test. The camera path was create...
Mountain Bike Trail LiDAR scan with Ipad Pro. Brooklyn Trail Builders
Просмотров 3595 месяцев назад
Testing the LiDAR scanner in the Ipad Pro on some freshly built trail. Animated in Lightwave and rendered with Octane. #ipadpro #brooklyntrailbuilders #lightwave #octanerender #mountainbike
Modelling a Nose Cone/Domed Surface in Solidworks. Part 2
Просмотров 2,3 тыс.9 месяцев назад
This is an updated version of a much earlier tutorial, where I cover a technique that can be used to create nose cones/domes or to cap off a cylindrical form smoothly. This technique uses boundary surfaces and trims, so only 4 sided surfaces are used. One of the reasons for using this technique is to avoid using two-sided surfaces, where the other two sides/edges are collapsed into a singularit...
Playstation 5 Controller, Modelled in Solidworks. Part 3 - Final.
Просмотров 1,6 тыс.9 месяцев назад
This video follows on from Part 2, where I have modelled most of the exterior of the product. In Part 3, I have added the smaller details like buttons, fillets, ports and a few split line rebates. This is the last video in this series, you can view Part 1 and Part 2 via the links below. I have also added a link to the final model, which is a Solidworks 2020 model. Please use this model for lear...
Playstation 5 Controller, Modelled in Solidworks. Part 2
Просмотров 1,7 тыс.10 месяцев назад
Playstation 5 Controller, Modelled in Solidworks. Part 2
Playstation 5 Controller, Modelled in Solidworks. Part 1
Просмотров 5 тыс.10 месяцев назад
Playstation 5 Controller, Modelled in Solidworks. Part 1
Racetech RT4100 Racing Seat Solidworks Model Review
Просмотров 1 тыс.11 месяцев назад
Racetech RT4100 Racing Seat Solidworks Model Review
Les Paul Junior Neck Surface Modelling Exercise in Solidworks 2020
Просмотров 1,1 тыс.Год назад
Les Paul Junior Neck Surface Modelling Exercise in Solidworks 2020
Isophote/Iso Angle Analysis Hack in Solidworks, Phase III
Просмотров 725Год назад
Isophote/Iso Angle Analysis Hack in Solidworks, Phase III
Les Paul Carved Top Surface Modelling Exercise in Solidworks 2020
Просмотров 1,5 тыс.Год назад
Les Paul Carved Top Surface Modelling Exercise in Solidworks 2020
Constructing Drafted Split Lines on Smooth Forms in Solidworks
Просмотров 2,1 тыс.Год назад
Constructing Drafted Split Lines on Smooth Forms in Solidworks
G3 Surface Blend 'Stretch' Exercise in Solidworks 2020
Просмотров 1,6 тыс.Год назад
G3 Surface Blend 'Stretch' Exercise in Solidworks 2020
Lightly Chair by Noho. Solidworks Model Review
Просмотров 1,5 тыс.Год назад
Lightly Chair by Noho. Solidworks Model Review
Aligning Fillet Boundaries in Solidworks
Просмотров 2,1 тыс.Год назад
Aligning Fillet Boundaries in Solidworks
Ribbing Technique Using Combine in Solidworks
Просмотров 859Год назад
Ribbing Technique Using Combine in Solidworks
Modelling an Asymmetric Lozenge/Pill Street Light in Solidworks
Просмотров 854Год назад
Modelling an Asymmetric Lozenge/Pill Street Light in Solidworks
Modelling a G3 Lozenge/Pill Fluid Form in Solidworks
Просмотров 913Год назад
Modelling a G3 Lozenge/Pill Fluid Form in Solidworks
Modelling a G3 Lozenge/Pill Button on a Curved Surface in Solidworks
Просмотров 1 тыс.Год назад
Modelling a G3 Lozenge/Pill Button on a Curved Surface in Solidworks
Nice Andrew! One thing, is the apple watch button planar? If not, the side view projection could be distorted? Meaning if the button surface is nonplanar (cylindrical surface for example), then there is a chance that the sketch used to cut the shape maybe projected along Normals of the surface if that makes sense. Like it was being UV mapped.
Hi Tony, I had thought the same thing but didn’t mention it!
In any case I think does not matter much! One thing I note optically is that compared to the 90 degrees round, the 180 might need shorter clothoid segments and more arc length. Then again it is very subjective.
I found your channel whilst looking for tips on resolving degenerate surfaces...and I'm really glad I did. Some real gems here. Thank you. I'm surprised to see points defined by "Distance" at 6:23 rather than by "Percentage". It's good that the points will retain their even distribution when a model change alters the lengths of these curves, but to anyone who didn't know how those points were created, it won't be obvious that they're evenly distributed. I wonder what SW would do if some well-meaning person rounded that 3.88277... to two or three decimal places to make it look more "intentional". I really would have expected SW to default to "Percentage" for evenly distributed points. There should, at the very least, be buttons to choose between distance and percentage when initially creating the points. I might ask my reseller to raise a ticket for this. Edit: I just tested the effect of altering the "Distance", hoping that SW (2022 SP5.0) might maintain the percentage of whatever the edited distance was, i.e. if the rounded down value equated to 32% instead of 33.33%, I had hoped that the 32% would be retained when the curve length changed, but it doesn't. SW converts it to an unintelligent fixed "Distance" along the curve. Any other points created at the same time, but not subsequently edited retain their even distribution relationship, so as you say, there IS something going on behind the scenes...but it's not quite smart enough yet.
Hi there. It’s a shame that the reference point feature does not expose the point location percentage to equations, as that’d be very handy for this situation. I’ve not used 2024 so maybe they have finally allowed reference point percentages to be controlled externally.
Really interesting! Apple pays huge amounts of attention to corners. In your demo; I was only missing a simple extrusion and zebra on it to see how the surface flows. What CAD software does Apple use for industrial design? Before Rhino’s macOS release I think Alias and Siemens NX was the only nurbs surface modellers available for Mac. Both Alias and Siemens have now discontinued their macOS versions. Maybe they didn’t find it financially viable to port their software to a new CPU architecture once again.
Hi there. There's a zebra at the end, 13:20. Also I have a follow up looking at different transitions between the line and arc sections. ruclips.net/video/mOOebAttW-c/видео.html Apple uses Alias for the A side ID surfaces (maybe for B as well?) and the ID surfaces are imported into NX for ME development. They use Rhino/Grasshopper as well. I bet they use other CAD software too...
@@AndrewJacksonDesignStudio Ah! My bad, I didn't watch the SolidWorks stuff that carefully, although impressive. Was waiting for zebra in Rhino :D I have been wondering what degree Apple uses for their corners, but I didn't know the term "clothoid transition". Excellent stuff.
Yeah no idea how they construct corners! This is all speculation. It looks like they have the same corner across multiple products, except with differing scales
Hi Andrew, as usual, Thanks for sharing great level surfacing contents. 🏅🏅🏅
All good! Halfway through an update for this one.
Good afternoon, I have had problems with a very similar piece. Could you help me? Best regards.
Hi, my email is in my channel details. Cheers.
Nice! Thanks for taking a look at the squircle!
No problem at all!
as i saw in last video, 1k in first day, ppl love curve!
Cool stuff! This video brought me back to some old Rhino files, trying to draw perfect Apple-like corners and pill shapes. Do the "real" Apple corners contain an actual arc, or is it a spline with about eight or so control points?
I do need to check if this works with pill/lozenge forms, thanks for the reminder. I do not know if they use a single spline or a multi-curve solution. There is no way to know really. Their product drawings for marketing do not show multiple tangent breaks around the corners, but the drawings are no doubt cleaned up.
@@AndrewJacksonDesignStudio Cant post the link, but google: "Apple Accessory-Design-Guidelines.pdf" and go to page 283 🤯, I just found that, didnt know apple released actual technical drawings.
nice!!!
This is super helpful! Thanks for sharing!
All good
thank you always jackson bro!!!
Thanks for this Andrew! 3 Piece G3 with relief looks best to me from curvature comb point of view. Although rest look great as well. Three-piece g3 without setback seems a no go.
Hi Tony. Yes, that still has a good section of arc left even with the relief.
okay, i think you get the key what ppl wanna watch, hope it will be 10k & 100k soon.(3k now)
Yeah.. corners. Who'd have thought?!
TY for the tutorial
Yep, all good!
and once again, this man anticipated all of our wishes and exceeded all expectations
Nice, maybe you could get someone to cnc a few sample corners to compare it!
I’ve defined the corner several ways and printed some off. It’s spot on match for the MacBook corner
This is the best channel on surfacing
Thanks for watching!
This is huge! Thank you so much for the investigation and for putting in the time to share it back. Legend.
All good!
Dumb question, why did you use surface sweep to blend the surfaces? Are those working just as fillets or does it provide a different outcome?
Hi there. Good question. The sweeps are tools used to trim the surfaces back an equal amount from each edge, before building a blend in the holes left after trimming. You can try and add a fillet, but as the tangent angle difference in between the surfaces that are being filleted/blended runs down to zero where the creases run out, it means the fillet will also run down to nothing as well. Basically the fillet chord varies based on the angle between the surfaces. The result using swept pipes results in a visually better result.
Cool, never heard about clothoidal, thanks! Some people say the Apple corner is based on the “squircle”. No idea if that’s true, but continuous curvature seems to be the consensus online.
All good. I’m pretty sure a squircle has non linear sides. If you get a straight edge and check an iPhone, Apple TV etc, the sides are linear.
@@AndrewJacksonDesignStudio you’re right, it’s not a mathematically perfect fit. But I think the idea is you’d use each quadrant for each corner, offset them, and connect with lines. That technically creates a microscopic curvature discontinuity where you join them, but it’s so tiny that it doesn’t feel like cheating to ignore it. If you can stomach that, the squircle (“super ellipse”) has otherwise smooth curvature change: it’s not piecewise and has no linear sections. It’s also simple to calculate.
Out of interest, do you think the mathematical “truth” is important? Or are you just looking for a practical “continuous curvature” radius shape?
Any curve defined in a cad system is a mathematical truth. Therefore it’s more about what the designers intent was. All radii are continuous in curvature as they are arcs. Im interested in investigating this as are others as there are different ideas around the ‘mystery’ of how apple may define their corners. The placement of the arc and blends in the grasshopper definition gives a result that is quite close to my reference. I suspect a squircle segment will be a bit too pointy, like a conic with a higher rho value
@@aaaidan nah nah throw the squircle away. It is too pinched. It is more organic and doesn’t gel well with straight lines
The radius setback makes total sense now that I’ve seen it. If the radius was tangent to the sides, the only solution for a “blend” that stays outside the radius and inside the sides would just be the points of tangency. Any blend with nonzero length and some sections with curvature less than that of the radius would either: -start tangent to the side and require either a section of greater curvature or a loop to meet the radius, or -start tangent to the radius and require either a section of greater curvature or a “hump” that ran proud of the sides. This is sort of the “hump” option with the sides moved up to meet the apex of the hump.
You can get a g3 blend in between a line and arc, with the arc being tangent to the sides. That is one way how I make a lozenge form. I have two angles coincindent to the arc centre, one pushes the line start point back and the other controls the arc size. This can be done with none of the blend CVs extending outside of the line, so no hump. But when used on a 90deg corner, it definitely looks forced compared to having the arc off set or set back.
@@AndrewJacksonDesignStudio Oh for sure it’s doable. I’ve made some pretty ugly G3 splines trying to get smooth curves to fit the wrong constraints. I think the reason it seems forced in this case that we expect the curvature to peak (or in this case plateau) once in the middle of the corner and run downhill both ways from there with no local maxima. It’s possible to blend a radius into a tangent line with a g3 curve, but I don’t think it’s possible to do so with the maximum curvature being at the endpoint.
Thanks for the shoutout Andrew!😊😊 That script is a god send! I’m travelling right now, I will write some detailed comments this weekend!!
Sounds good Tony. Looking forward to seeing what you think. I'm going to check the effect of the three piece corner on the pillowed surface/pinched corner. Might have to decouple the corner and pinch surfaces.
@@AndrewJacksonDesignStudio so here are some thoughts: 1) How about other angles? We have covered 90 but need to cover other common angles like 60, 45. 120 and also apply this for the perfect “pill profile”. 2) we can’t be too sure if this is indeed what Apple is doing. Visually it is a very close match. I had some success replicating this rounded corner approximately with a single spline. This would be similar to achieving a g3 continuity between the clothoid segment and the circle. All I remember is I did not use style spline in solidworks to achieve this. Instead used regular spline and manipulated the control polygons. 3) 3 pieces seem very complex. Looking forwarding to see the challenges in making surfaces out of them. Imagine having to construct this for multiple guide curves and what not. Tedious. 4) a protocol for offsetting: I think you should try out various ways to offset this 3 piece corner (both inward and outward). What way of offsetting looks visually pleasing and what way of offsetting strikes a balance between looks and speed.
I have no idea what I have just watched, but the amount of thinking, math and time that goes into creating the corner is mind blowing...
Definitely a black hole for time!
@@AndrewJacksonDesignStudio Someone has to do it 😀
@@Puleczech I mean as a fellow idiot, I would say just round the corner somehow
@@Minecraftzocker135 I feel like watching the first guy who came up with a wheel, explaining how it is going to change the world and I am just standing there laughing at him with my booming square brick bike rental business.
Thank you so much, truly the treasure on RUclips
Cheers!
Very interesting. That's the kind of content you won't find anywhere else. I am already looking forward to more videos demystifying the way Apple is modelling their surfaces
Thanks for watching. This is all guess work :) but educated guesses!
Thanks for all your videos, so insightful. Slowly going through them to up my game in surfacing and study of form
All good
Love to see this Andrew. I once tried a similar experiment tracing apple corners and built my own equation to define a style spline...but it was always approximated - I see now I hadn't realised there was a perfect arc in the centre of it! Really appreciate you sharing these tips and experiments.
I've tried several ways to achieve the corner, like you have. One piece, three piece (similar to this vid, except assuming the arc was tangent to the sides) etc. It's all good learning though, that we can apply to other work
@@CraigMcG oh the time I have spent on this. Pre 2020 not a lot of this was discussed in product design forums
this is true passion for the game
Looking forward to the updated video!!!!!! Great content mate!
G3 probably OTT for this type of manufacturing process (5 Axis CNC) but still really cool to see how you've gone about modelling it. Thanks for sharing.
Not ott in my opinion. G3 fillets is a staple of apple design.
Not sure about G3 being OTT, the roll off the planar faces on the top and bottom is super smooth and consistent. I think the bottom panel is a pressing judging by the thinness around the rear where you can see an edge. I've not taken it apart yet :)...
Yes, that's my understanding as well. There is an added benefit of having higher order primary geometry which is it trickles down to the secondary surfaces. Like the main outside corner and the effect this has on pinching on the top and bottom case corners.
4:30 how do I make that sketch though
Its a style spline. It is in the drop down menu below the old spline (which is default in the menu). Select style spline, make sure it is set to 'bezier' in the side panel. You can make a spline with three points to begin with. Roughly arrange the middle CV to approximate the curve you want. Then select the style spline and increase the degree to 7 in the side panel. This will give you 8 CVs. Then make the relevant control polygon segments co-linear to the two linear elements. The file is in the description as well. Cheers, Andrew.
Exceptional breakdown Andrew! I think that wobble needs to be fixed to help in manufacturing too! I still think that apple's rounded edges are not a 7-degree curve with g3 transition! I think the 90-degree rounded edges are essentially 2 sections. Each section being an NURBS curve approximation of a Clothoid/Euler spiral! Such a solution not only looks elegant due to the linear curvature change nature of the spiral, it also offsets well! And it is just G2! Try googling "Track transition curves" and "S-shaped-spiral-transition-curve"
ruclips.net/video/JVqkgftaHNk/видео.htmlsi=98EtTDOj9CJkVjlG
Hi Tony, yeah that wobble... this is like the back of the old Imac with the full pillow with no planar surf. If you struggle to make it in CAD, look closer at the actual product and the solution is right there in front of you. Neither of us have a way to confirm how the corners are defined, it is just guess work. No way to measure at these scales and trace to reverse engineer. The only tinsy bit of information I have to go on is in one of my interviews with the fruit company, I was shown three nurbs corners in Alias and had to identify which was single span etc. From memory, one was SS G2, one was SS G3 and one was multispan G3. Probably means nothing! I bet they use an arc mid section blended into the linear elements :)
@@AndrewJacksonDesignStudio hah! It’s just that I can somehow easily spot the non linear curvature in a g3 curve that’s used to transition between two 90 lines. The curve sort of has a pinched look if you know what i mean. Rather than a “circular” look
@@AndrewJacksonDesignStudio one way to reverse engineer would be to take one of their marketing pdfs. Or even their official dimensional drawings in the Apple accessory design guidelines. Open the vector drawing in illustrator and isolate the path that forms the rounded edges. Export as a dxf or something that would open in solidworks and then try to fit a curve on it
That is assuming the physical corner has linear curvature. I'm sure we've had this conversation before!
From the thumbnail I was shocked that AJ would use a surface fill... Just a trimmed boundary- should have known. That aside, the part will be CNC machined out of wood and finished sanded, the fidelity of the CAD won't transfer to the final part...
Both the luthiers that I've been talking with are machining their necks and were struggling with this area. Mainly with controlling the fullness or concavity of the blend into the volute edge. Fullness is ok, sand it back. Both had concavity, so best to fix in the model as auto 'surface fill'er looks bad on an oiled neck.
Hi, do you also have tutorials showcasing how to take a rhino model and detail/finish it in solid works?!
No sorry.
The BEST in business! \m/
Hi Eduardo, finally got around to looking at this!
Nice!
Thanks!
Your back must not feel great after that
Yeah, that's why I ended up kneeling to get down into the trench. Still, back feels better than a day in front of the computer!
Hello Andrew, I've been stuck with my design for a while and this feature I think is going to be very useful. Thanks a lot for explaining it!
All good! Hope it works out for your design.
beautiful work ❤, is it possible to apply in a vase or something like that? :)
Maybe, however I think it'd need substantial changes to the definition to work on a surface of revolution or compound curvature. At the moment it is set up to work on an extruded surface
Keep producing these types of videos, please!
this man is a treasure
Hi Andrew, Thank you for sharing this knowledge and also the file to dig more deeply into the details. :-) I'm still working on my Donzi 16 boat and this gives me some ideas about how to get the stability rails (chines) to blend better into the overall hull shape. I'm presently getting a lot of wobble where the hull's boundary surface meets the 'spline on surface' extrusions I used to make the stability rails. Quick question: what works best for you to look at Solidworks models in Rhino? -I'm not sure what's the best file format to save as from Solidworks. I feel silly for not being able to suss this out for myself, but I'm new at all of this is my excuse, I guess. I'm having pints on Fridays with a German gentleman who's a wizard at Rhino and I'm hoping to share my Solidworks trials & tribulations with him in a format he can view in Rhino. Thanks again for sharing the fruits of your labours!! 🙂
Hi Matt, I mainly use Step 214 to export to Rhino. There are some options in the SW export settings which you may want to change, depending on whether you want SW to export curves as well. Hope that helps and thanks for watching! Cheers, Andrew
So great sir
This lecture is very weldon sir
Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us.
Please, how did you align the reference 3D scan. A workflow, I have in my head is to create new "primary" planes based on the geometry symmetry and prominent surfaces, then export with a new coordinate system based on this new "primary" planes, and then reimport... Would that work?
Hi there. I re-positioned and rotated the scan data to where I wanted it in Rhino. Much easier than in SW. Off the top of my head, what you mention should work though.
Great video!
Thank you!!! Thank for sharing 🙏
Hi Andrew, very interesting video thks for sharing
All good!
When all the surfaces are finished, will they become a solid part?
Correct, it is watertight surface body that can be solidified.