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I wish you had hundreds of videos, I loveeeeeee watching your videos. Thank you for everything!!!🌠🌚🪐🌍

It's always great seeing another video from this channel

Why we consider r as constant

This was cool!

thanks for simple explanation ma'am.

Don’t waste your time she didn’t explain anything 😂

Excelent video! Thanks

Lot of errors at 2:26 and at 4:15 what happened to the (p-p') that was in multiplication of m_o C?

What if this observed "fast" matter just flew in from intergalactic space and it's being slowly pulled in towards centre? It's moving faster than matter we see clumped up in galactic spiral. It clumps up - shines up - and speed drops. As if there is just cold, inert, low density matter zooming around that's hard to detect until it starts to interact with gravity of a galaxy. So key points are that this matter is faster than what we see in a galaxy and gravity is just like give that here u coming in... heh Tell me how wrong I am. please

Hey I have a question. How did you reach the yellow inverse equation at 3:29? Incredible video btw

Ósom!!

cool video! Finally I understand why the mirrors on The Hubble Telescope were so essential, so that NASA had to repair them to have undistorted images - since even slight distortions cause false estimations of the parallax angle

Incredible explanation!!!

Are you astronaut

Perfect!!

Beautiful video, straight to the point and super informative. This video is truly a gem

Here is the explanation for galaxy rotation curves/dark matter SHORT VERSION - General Relativity predicts dilation, not singularities. Mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside observer. Dilation will occur wherever there is an astronomical quantity of mass including the centers of very high mass stars and the centers of the overwhelming majority of galaxy centers. The mass at the center of our own galaxy is dilated, in other words that mass is all around us. LONG VERSION - Einstein is known to have repeatedly said that singularities are not possible. In the 1939 journal "Annals of Mathematics" he wrote - "The essential result of this investigation is a clear understanding as to why the Schwarzchild singularities (Schwarzchild was the first to raise the issue of G.R predicting singularites) do not exist in physical reality. Although the theory given here treats only clusters (star clusters) whose particles move along circular paths it does seem to be subject to reasonable doubt that more general cases will have analogous results. The Schwarzchild singularities do not appear for the reason that matter cannot be concentrated arbitrarily. And this is due to the fact that otherwise the constituting particles would reach the velocity of light." He was referring to the phenomenon of dilation (sometimes called gamma or y) mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside observer. It's the phenomenon behind the phrase "mass becomes infinite at the speed of light". Time dilation is just one aspect of dilation, it's not just time that gets dilated. A graph illustrates its squared nature, dilation increases at an exponential rate the closer you get to the speed of light. Dilation is the original and correct explanation for why we cannot see light from the galactic center. Dilation will occur wherever there is an astronomical quantity of mass because high mass means high momentum. There is no singularity at the center of our galaxy. It can be inferred mathematically that dilation is occurring there. This means that there is no valid XYZ coordinate that we can attribute to it, you can't point your finger at something that is smeared through spacetime. More precisely, everywhere you point is equally valid. The "missing mass" needed to explain galaxy rotation curves is dilated mass. Dilation does not occur in galaxies with low mass centers because they do not have enough mass to achieve relativistic velocities. It has recently been confirmed in 6 very low mass galaxies to have no dark matter, in other words they have normal/predictable star rotation rates. This also explains why all planets and all binary stars have normal rotation rates, not 3 times normal. There was clarity in astronomy before television and movies popularized singularities beginning in the 1960's. The concept of singularities was not taught in schools prior to 1960. Nobody believed in them when Einstein was alive including Planck, Bohr, Schrodinger, Dirac, Heisenberg, Feynman etc.

This stuff is epic. Please keep uploading❤.

thanks

thanks

Good though too fast

if you could have explained the purple equation at 1:16 that would be great. I think I was able to justify it, but that involved squaring vectors, and it was weird.

Great, amazing video!! So how do we measure the parallax angle again?

Can you please make a video on -"the effect of rotation of earth on g"

Superb and concise explanation💯

The problem of modern physics is they're trying to explain everything with particle physics and wave mechanics . Now, the physics is being cornered more and more to the dead end. To escape the dead end, they just invent or design another imaginary particle. They invent new imaginary energy, new imaginary matter and they even invent new law of physics in vain instead of trying to revise their way to approach to the problem. There's "No Dark Energy". There's "No Dark Matter". Energy is conserved. There's "No Dark Universe". Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Gravity, Antigravity, Void... all these are just joint effects of the expansion of the Universe and the curvature of spacetime. I agree to the idea that the interaction between mass and space must be explained with quantum mechanics. But that doesn't mean gravity is the QM phenomena. That's because gravity is not a force. Details are given below. Einstein’s theory of General Relativity states that spacetime is curved by the presence of mass. This curvature influences the motion other objects with mass and gives rise to gravitation. Thus, gravity is a result of geometric features in spacetime. However, we also observe gravitational effects - curvature of spacetime - in areas without any detectable mass. This has given rise to the concept of dark matter, which is matter that does not interact in any detectable way with normal matter, except through gravity. So, there is some large quantity of dark matter scattered throughout the universe, which curves spacetime and causes gravitational effects just like normal matter, but we cannot see or detect it with any known method. An alternative theory to the identity of dark matter is proposed - it is not matter at all, but rather an intrinsic curvature of spacetime. In other words, spacetime is not naturally flat. Even in the absence of matter, we observe some inherent curvature of spacetime. So, the question is now - why is spacetime naturally curved? Why is it not flat in the absence of mass? The universe is 4-dimensional, with 3 spatial dimensions and one dimension in time. Rather than consider time as a linear dimension, we can consider it as a radial one. Therefore, rather than describing the universe with a Cartesian coordinate system, we describe it with a 4-dimensional spherical coordinate system - 3 angular coordinates, φ1, φ2, φ3, and one radial coordinate in time, t. We live on the 3-dimensional surface of a 4-dimensional bubble which is expanding radially in time. Thus, the Big Bang represents t=0, the beginning of time. The crucial point is that the expansion of the universe is not homogeneous in all directions. The expansion rate at one point on the bubble’s surface may differ slightly from another point near it. The universe is only roughly spherical in 4 dimensions, the same way that the Earth is only roughly spherical in 3 dimensions. The same way we observe local mountains and valleys on the surface of Earth, we observe local “mountains” and “valleys” on the surface of the universe bubble. The inhomogeneity of the expansion of the universe has given rise to natural curvature of spacetime. This natural curvature causes the phenomenon of “dark matter”. “Valleys” in spacetime pull matter in, similarly to the warping of spacetime of massive objects. So “dark matter” is really “valleys” in spacetime that are expanding slower than the regions surrounding it. These valleys tend to pull matter in and create planets, stars, and galaxies - regions of space with higher-than-average densities of mass. Conversely, “mountains” in spacetime will repel matter away, an “anti-gravitational” effect, which gives rise to cosmic voids in space where we observe no matter. Each point on the surface of the universe bubble traces out a time arrow in 4-dimensional space, perpendicular to the surface. These time arrows are not parallel to each other since the universe is not flat. This causes points to have nonzero relative velocity away from each other. It is generally accepted that the universe is expanding faster than observable energy can explain, and this is expansion is believe to be still accelerating. The “missing” energy required to explain these observations has given rise to the theory of dark energy. The time dilation caused by non-parallel time arrows can be proposed as an explanation for dark energy. Alternatively, dark energy is real energy coming from potential energy gradients caused by non-parallel time arrows. As a sanity check, we can calculate the expansion rate of the universe based on the universe bubble model. Since the radius of the universe bubble is expanding at the speed of light in the time direction, it increases at 1 light second per second. Therefore, the “circumference” of the 3-dimensional surface increases by 2π light seconds per second, or about 1.88*10^6 km/s. This expansion is distributed equally across the 3-dimensional surface, so the actual observed expansion rate is proportional to the distance from the observer. At present, the age of the universe is estimated to be 13.8 billion years, so the radius of the universe bubble is 13.8 billion light years, or about 4233 megaparsecs (3.26 million light years to 1 Mpc). Thus, we can calculate the expansion rate of the universe, per megaparsec from the observer, as: Expansion rate = ((d(circumference))/dt)/radiusofuniverse=(1.88*〖10〗^6 km⁄s)/(2π*4233Mpc)=(1.88*〖10〗^6 km⁄s)/26598Mpc=70.82(km⁄s)/Mpc The popularly accepted empirical expansion rate is 73.5 +/- 2.5 km/s/Mpc, so our calculated value is close. There may be some additional source of expansion (or observed red shift) to make up for the discrepancy. For example, if two adjacent points have some gravitational gradient due to non-parallel time arrows, then light passing through these points will be red-shifted. - Cited from www.academia.edu/82481487/Title_Alternative_Explanation_of_Dark_Matter_and_Dark_Energy

Can it be that it's just planets? They are very hard to detect. What if there are just a lot of planets in some galaxies and they add to the gravity and mass of it all?

We love the intro 😭

Its an axis, not an oxis.

Great video! Keep it up :)

Hello the class of Parker Harrison Stonier currently in the ib program in France

This series is ..... quite interesting

Good job you save my 10 minutes 💙

bro that was like a fireship style video, but for sat. comm . nice series. love it

lovely explanation!

I had a question. where did the other r go?

Nice elegant explanation, thank you.

The outro could use some work

Why thank you good sir your assistance is has greatly helped me in my physics endeavor .I will remember you when I become famous. Yours truly future Albert Einstein

hello! thank you for your contribution to making science reachable to everyone. I 've been binge watching your videos for the last hour or so and I have to say: Your work is spectacular! Topics explained beautifully, fully but quickly, with enough details for the person to digest without feeling overwhelmed .. Your channel is definitely one of the best I 've come across. Will definitely come back again to make sure I have retained the information. Please never stop making videos! You deserve many more subscribers and I hope you soon blow up!

Thank you! here because my "Non-binary" makes no sense

This still doesn't answer how we calculate the angle. Since the sphere shown at 1:10, for that to be made we need to know the radius. Without that we cannot draw that and then without that how will we get the two angles?

But I like your channel

I don’t understand 💔💔💔

The thing that I still don't understand is, how do the shifts happen when the speed of light is constant in a vacuum?

sorry but I have a doubt... angular momentum (L) is equal to m.r.v only if the velocity vector is perpendicular to the radius vector... otherwise you write as L = m.r.v.sin(tetha), and that is the case of an elliptical orbit... the angle tetha is constantly changing, in fact the velocity vector will be perpendicular to the radius vector only at the aphelion and perihelion, so the assumption of L=m.r.v at any moment wouldn't be wrong?

Tnank you!

Isn't E∝ T^16 for CNO cycle in high mass stars?

Great introduction to supernovae.