Let's Get Logical
Let's Get Logical
  • Видео 32
  • Просмотров 440 011
Timothy Williamson on Knowledge: What is Knowledge?
Quick overview of Timothy Williamson’s “knowledge first” epistemology, including a recap of the traditional analysis of knowledge as justified, true belief (JTB), the Gettier problem, and why Williamson’s “knowledge first” approach may be the best way forward for epistemology.
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ruclips.net/channel/UC1HZgM0cnd4pCWcRxXOWvJw
Chapters
0:00 Introduction to Timothy Williamson’s Epistemology
0:20 What is Philosophical Analysis?
0:41 The Traditional Analysis of Knowledge: Explaining Knowledge as Justified, True, Belief (JTB)
1:11 The Gettier Counterexample to the Traditional Analysis of Knowledge
1:27 Williamson’s Response to Gettier: “Knowledge First” (Knowledge Cannot Be A...
Просмотров: 3 458

Видео

Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Flow Chart: Valid vs Invalid, Strong vs Weak, Sound vs Unsound
Просмотров 95 тыс.2 года назад
A logic flowchart of deductive and inductive reasoning, deductive validity, inductive strength, sound arguments and cogent arguments. Examples are given for deductive vs inductive reasoning, valid vs invalid reasoning, strong vs weak reasoning, sound vs unsound reasoning, and cogent vs uncogent reasoning. PDF of the chart available here: drive.google.com/file/d/1r45Dq1hZpJWtkPNeiXm7TOqjuYV6Xv56...
Dissecting Russell's Teapot and The Flying Spaghetti Monster
Просмотров 11 тыс.3 года назад
What does Russell's Teapot show about God's existence? Not much. Same goes for The Flying Spaghetti Monster. Here I explain why. This video is about philosophy of religion and addresses burden of proof arguments, the notion of prior probability (specifically God's prior probability), arguments against God's existence, the argument from evil (i.e. the problem of evil), arguments from analogy, an...
Is There Objective Truth? Or Is Reality Subjective, Or a Social Construct?
Просмотров 7 тыс.3 года назад
A defense of objective reality against arguments that attempt to undermine objective truth. The video explores arguments in favor of subjective reality-or socially constructed reality-and shows how they fail. 0:00 The "mini-world" argument against objective reality (for subjective reality) 1:24 The basics of objectivity 2:39 Belief vs. reality (ontological subjectivity vs. ontological objectivi...
Epistemology of Disagreement | A Short Intro
Просмотров 2 тыс.3 года назад
The epistemology of disagreement, especially peer disagreement and its relevance to reasonable belief, has been a central question in social epistemology in recent years. Is it reasonable to hold on to your belief in the face of disagreement? Or is disagreement evidence that you need to revise your belief? Is reasonable disagreement possible? Subscribe! ruclips.net/channel/UC1HZgM0cnd4pCWcRxXOW...
What Is a Cogent Argument | Inductive Reasoning
Просмотров 12 тыс.3 года назад
A short introduction to the concept of a cogent argument in inductive reasoning. An example of a cogent argument is given and the difference between cogent vs sound arguments is discussed. Subscribe! ruclips.net/channel/UC1HZgM0cnd4pCWcRxXOWvJw Further Reading Paul Herrick, Introduction to Logic, Ch. 5, "How To Evaluate an Inductive Argument" (Recommended companion textbook for this channel.) I...
Natural Deduction Proof Example
Просмотров 2 тыс.3 года назад
A simple example of a natural deduction proof using basic inference rules: simplification, conjunction, disjunctive syllogism, modus ponens, modus tollens, and addition. This process is called natural deduction and amounts to a proof of validity. Such proofs are a central feature of symbolic logic in philosophy. Your textbook may use different symbols and different names for the rules of infere...
Fact vs Opinion | A Confused Category!
Просмотров 16 тыс.3 года назад
You've been told identifying fact vs. opinion is important to critical thinking. That's a mistake! Here I explain why you should dump the fact vs opinion framework in favor of a more rigorous way of thinking, even though distinguishing between facts and opinions is taught from 2nd grade to middle school to high school. A great classroom discussion for philosophy, critical thinking, or even jour...
Why Abortion Is Wrong | Don Marquis on Abortion
Просмотров 32 тыс.3 года назад
A summary of philosopher Don Marquis's argument for why abortion is wrong. His Future Like Ours (FLO) argument is perhaps the most famous argument in the philosophical literature for why abortion is wrong. Subscribe! ruclips.net/channel/UC1HZgM0cnd4pCWcRxXOWvJw 0:00 Introduction 0:10 The concept of a valuable future 0:43 The fetus has a future like ours 1:47 "Future Like Ours" as an account of ...
Functionalism in Philosophy of Mind | An Easy Introduction
Просмотров 4,3 тыс.3 года назад
An introduction to functionalism in the philosophy of mind, including the concept of multiple realizability and its application to artificial intelligence. Subscribe! ruclips.net/channel/UC1HZgM0cnd4pCWcRxXOWvJw 0:00 Introduction 0:08 Mousetrap as an example of a functional concept 1:20 Diamond as an example of a non-functional concept 1:58 Description of functionalism in the philosophy of mind...
Objections to Moral Relativism | Philosophy
Просмотров 4,6 тыс.3 года назад
A short intro to moral relativism and some objections. Moral relativism is also known as cultural relativism or ethical relativism. Here three objection to moral relativism are explored. Subscribe! ruclips.net/channel/UC1HZgM0cnd4pCWcRxXOWvJw 0:00 Difference between descriptive moral relativism and metaethical moral relativism 2:43 Different kinds of metaethical moral relativism (subjectivism a...
How to Make a Partial Truth Table | Determine Validity
Просмотров 2,8 тыс.3 года назад
Make a partial truth table to determine whether an argument is valid in symbolic logic (propositional logic, sentential logic.) Testing for validity with a full truth table is too slow. Instead, learn how to make a partial truth table. Note: Your textbook may use different symbols for the connectives. It doesn't matter! Determining validity with a truth table in propositional logic (sentential ...
Cosmological Argument | Why Is There Something Rather Than Nothing?
Просмотров 1,5 тыс.3 года назад
An easy overview of the cosmological argument: What explains the universe? Is God the best explanation? Or is the universe a brute fact? And what available answers are there to the question, "Why is there something rather than nothing?" Subscribe! ruclips.net/channel/UC1HZgM0cnd4pCWcRxXOWvJw 0:00 Introduction 0:50 Definition of cosmos or universe 1:00 Explanation of necessary vs contingent 2:28...
The Attributes of God | Classical Theism
Просмотров 2,5 тыс.4 года назад
A short intro to the attributes of God according to classical theism. God is omnipotent (all-powerful), omniscient (all-knowing), and omnibenevolent (all-good). Or so says the view known as classical theism.Here God's attributes are described together with some accompanying philosophical problems for omnipotence, omniscience, and omnibenevolence. Theism, atheism, and agnosticism are also define...
Translating Not Both vs Both Not and Either Not vs Neither
Просмотров 5 тыс.4 года назад
How to translate "Not Both" vs "Both Not" into truth-functional logic as well as "Either Not" vs "Not Either" (i.e. "Neither") into truth-functional symbolic logic. For your logic class or LSAT prep. These are difficult translations from English into logical expressions of sentential logic (propositional logic). But any logic student should have a firm grasp of how to translate"not both" vs "bo...
Bullshit, Truth, and Lies | Harry Frankfurt
Просмотров 8 тыс.4 года назад
Bullshit, Truth, and Lies | Harry Frankfurt
God in Ethics | Philosophy
Просмотров 3 тыс.4 года назад
God in Ethics | Philosophy
Logic | Well Formed Formula (Wff)
Просмотров 7 тыс.4 года назад
Logic | Well Formed Formula (Wff)
Puzzles of Material Constitution in Philosophy
Просмотров 2,2 тыс.4 года назад
Puzzles of Material Constitution in Philosophy
What Is Ethics? | Philosophy
Просмотров 6 тыс.4 года назад
What Is Ethics? | Philosophy
Natural Deduction Proof Help | Go Hunting!
Просмотров 6614 года назад
Natural Deduction Proof Help | Go Hunting!
Natural Deduction Proof Help | Build and Break!
Просмотров 1 тыс.4 года назад
Natural Deduction Proof Help | Build and Break!
Natural Deduction Proof Help | Work Backward!
Просмотров 9344 года назад
Natural Deduction Proof Help | Work Backward!
Natural Deduction Proofs: The Basics
Просмотров 2,7 тыс.4 года назад
Natural Deduction Proofs: The Basics
How to Build a Truth Table | Logic
Просмотров 1,5 тыс.4 года назад
How to Build a Truth Table | Logic
Truth-Function Basics | Intro to Truth-Functional Logic
Просмотров 6 тыс.4 года назад
Truth-Function Basics | Intro to Truth-Functional Logic
How to Determine if an Argument is Valid | Counterexample Method
Просмотров 6 тыс.4 года назад
How to Determine if an Argument is Valid | Counterexample Method
What is a Sound Argument? | Deductive Soundness Explained
Просмотров 10 тыс.4 года назад
What is a Sound Argument? | Deductive Soundness Explained
What Is Valid vs. Invalid? | Deductive Reasoning
Просмотров 31 тыс.4 года назад
What Is Valid vs. Invalid? | Deductive Reasoning
What Is Deductive vs Inductive Reasoning | Deductive vs Inductive Arguments
Просмотров 102 тыс.4 года назад
What Is Deductive vs Inductive Reasoning | Deductive vs Inductive Arguments

Комментарии

  • @Curious-i5m
    @Curious-i5m 2 дня назад

    🛂🌏👤☯️🌌👣

  • @zedmak
    @zedmak 5 дней назад

    This was awesome

  • @djsajorda7184
    @djsajorda7184 9 дней назад

    Bro introduced unstated propositions

  • @djsajorda7184
    @djsajorda7184 9 дней назад

    Bro introduced unstated proposition 😔

  • @nikitaavdeev9681
    @nikitaavdeev9681 10 дней назад

    I don't think this logic is correct. We need prior knowledge to estimate probability, but our knowledge might not be correct. In your example of the dealt card, you think that the probability of getting a red king is 3.6% because you know how the standart deck of cards works. But what you don't realize is that the card is Uno wild card. We cannot accurately predict the probability of something that we have no knowledge about, like the existence of god. The teapot analogy doesn't state that the teapot doesn't exist or that the probability of its existence is laughably low. No, it states that if we cannot interact with the teapot (or god) in any meaningful way, than it doesn't matter if it exists, and if it doesn't matter ,than we might as well say that it doesn't exist. It might, but we don't have reasons to care. The Flying Spaghetti Monster goes further and states that if god exists, it might be the FSM. And the argument of our prior knowledge of pasta doesn't work, because according to pastafarians the spagetty was created in the shape and form of SFM, not the other way around. Sorry for mistakes, and god bless you. R'amen.

  • @rickatatastan2695
    @rickatatastan2695 10 дней назад

    ... but the Babelfish is a dead giveaway isn't it? It proves you exist and so therefore you don't.

  • @katherinesherlock4864
    @katherinesherlock4864 11 дней назад

    This really did help me so much! My exam is today and I have been religiously studying this video. You break it down in a way that was easy for me to understand and memorize.

    • @LetsGetLogical
      @LetsGetLogical 11 дней назад

      Aww! My first "Super Thanks". Appreciate your support! Good luck on your exam today. 🙂

  • @maryannatwood7223
    @maryannatwood7223 12 дней назад

    Thank you so much for presenting the "equations" of Formal Logic L:anguage in this clear fashion. The use of actrual sentences in the examples was miraculous! You have helped me to see the light...even if a dim light;-)

  • @hypoautonomic
    @hypoautonomic 13 дней назад

    strawman

  • @kaythadarsoe6577
    @kaythadarsoe6577 15 дней назад

    That is really helpful.

  • @ozredneck22
    @ozredneck22 16 дней назад

    So on what basis would anyone believe in the Uniformity of Nature which is the foundation of science? In other words, based on inductive reasoning, how do you "know" tomorrow will be like today?

    • @LetsGetLogical
      @LetsGetLogical 15 дней назад

      Purely inductive. The laws of nature _could_ change tomorrow for all we know. All we have to go on is past experience: so far, the laws of nature have been consistent, reliable, unchanging. So it's reasonable to believe they will continue that way. But there's no guarantee.

  • @ChrisSargent-f5j
    @ChrisSargent-f5j 17 дней назад

    Lee Steven Jackson Anthony Harris Mary

  • @Dreahuggsalot
    @Dreahuggsalot 19 дней назад

    A lot of people say that it's not murder because for some reason the baby isn't alive. Then how does it suddenly become alive as soon as it comes out of the womb? It doesn't make sense. Makes me wanna ask them what Miscarriages are.

    • @LetsGetLogical
      @LetsGetLogical 14 дней назад

      Nobody who knows anything at all says the fetus is not alive. _Cells_ are alive. The ovum is the female sex cell: it is alive. The spermatozoon is the male sex cell: it is alive. When they meet, a zygote is formed: it is alive. After multiplying it becomes an embryo, which is alive. And the embryo becomes a fetus, which is alive. To deny any of this is just scientific ignorance. Of course, nothing I've said above means that abortion is wrong. That would take a separate argument showing that killing the fetus wrong. But abortion is always a killing. That much is scientifically uncontroversial. The question is whether it is a justified killing. In many cases, it may be. In other cases, it may not be. Abortion is complex.

  • @Thebigflatmeeseburger
    @Thebigflatmeeseburger 20 дней назад

    U beautiful human being u saved me

  • @kathysmall6303
    @kathysmall6303 22 дня назад

    I could hug you for this!!!!!!!!!!!

  • @cgametheory1423
    @cgametheory1423 23 дня назад

    The whole trouble was when Socrates said in public that the God's and Goddesses if Divine should be Perfect which they were not in the Sacred Texts, making the logic loving crowd, and especially the powerful logic loving politicians who were not too good at logic, worry that if the God's and Goddesses needed to be Perfect to be Divine then that would mean Humanity would never be Perfect as they are not and indeed so worried about it, probably couldn't get it off their minds, that they Killed Socrates for saying it in public, forced him to suicide in fact. Everything has been downhill from then except for one time a great Healer came called Jesus whom we all got together and killed hoping He would save us and now we eat his flesh and drink his blood and carry around the instrument of his murder to say we really believe He was a good guy and we conquer in His name though one of His best lines was "Blessed Is The Peacemaker" and though he never hurt anyone except fish. All of which seems to prove that God is quite a grumpy bugger and we had better be careful, even if He doesn't exist or if we can never know Him. Good Luck.

  • @alexandriadettmann4843
    @alexandriadettmann4843 29 дней назад

    No way you just made it sound comprehensible, my teacher started talking like Shakespeare talking about this…. 😭

  • @WhileSilent
    @WhileSilent 29 дней назад

    beautifully put, thanks

  • @WhileSilent
    @WhileSilent 29 дней назад

    Helpful, thank you

  • @WhileSilent
    @WhileSilent 29 дней назад

    Thank You! The teapot and flying spaghetti monster analogy had always given me this weird feeling in the mind. It was weird to use this to say, therefore 'God' is a joke.

  • @draycon-n3h
    @draycon-n3h Месяц назад

    a test right next to this vid fisically hurts me autism test

  • @AttilaM-p6x
    @AttilaM-p6x Месяц назад

    So if I weigh the arguments (some of which are shown at 8:51), THEN I can conclude that God's probability is laughably low?

    • @LetsGetLogical
      @LetsGetLogical 28 дней назад

      It is my view that, yes, a reasonable person can honestly arrive at the conclusion that God's probability is somewhat low.

    • @AttilaM-p6x
      @AttilaM-p6x 28 дней назад

      @@LetsGetLogical Thank you for the response.

  • @AttilaM-p6x
    @AttilaM-p6x Месяц назад

    A beautiful video, thank you!

  • @Federico_Avendaño
    @Federico_Avendaño Месяц назад

    Love it

  • @k19_legamer
    @k19_legamer Месяц назад

    Where is this guy... he should be recognized by the world

  • @anushk444
    @anushk444 Месяц назад

    This is so interesting !!! thanks a lot <3

  • @cbwilson2398
    @cbwilson2398 Месяц назад

    possibly the worst use of a Venn diagram on the Internet

  • @meteora8888
    @meteora8888 Месяц назад

    Thanks so much for this. Very well explained and easily understood. Fantastic teaching 👍👍👍

  • @chrisliddiard725
    @chrisliddiard725 Месяц назад

    This argument boils down to a casual definition of facts vs an all-encompassing definition of opinions. Rather than abandon this way of classifying thought, it seems to me we need robust definitions of facts and opinions. We need definitions that differentiate between the casual usage and the 'scientific' usage of those definitions. Facts based on empirical evidence, which isn't guessed at, or based simply on the biggest numbers. eg statistical belief. but based on repeatability. Facts that aren't first culturally shared and expected. As we debate usage, we have the prospect of A/i and its sea of meta purporting to be facts. A techy version of opinions that circulates in the absence of contradictions, as though it were facts. If we can't agree on this classification of thought and truth, then what hope have we in this A/i future.

    • @LetsGetLogical
      @LetsGetLogical Месяц назад

      @chrisliddiard725 I think we at least partially agree. Usage of the terms 'fact' and 'opinion' vary wildly by context. But the differences in usage are not widely recognized and this leads to a lot of confusion and sloppy thinking.

  • @johnnoel5595
    @johnnoel5595 Месяц назад

    This teaching was so retarded o, my fuckin god, Jesus fuckin christ, lord have fuckin mercy on me ..got dam this teaching was so retarded....

  • @Zephyrmist7999
    @Zephyrmist7999 Месяц назад

    Thank you very much, I've learned a lot from you.

  • @farahibnelhaj
    @farahibnelhaj Месяц назад

    like very very genius content bro

  • @thanhnguyendafa9138
    @thanhnguyendafa9138 Месяц назад

    I was stuck at what is Sound not SOund cogent and not cogent. Now I understand. Much appriciated your explanation bro

  • @MachinesTakingOverTheWorld
    @MachinesTakingOverTheWorld 2 месяца назад

    Is there such a thing as objective reality? I can't see it with my eyes. I think my eyes are just practical.

    • @Kevin-lv9qi
      @Kevin-lv9qi Месяц назад

      You CAN see it with your eyes. The fact eyes are an imperfect tool don't allow you to see objective reality perfectly doesn't mean you aren't observing it.

  • @Emmal9v
    @Emmal9v 2 месяца назад

    so nice❤

  • @grippysockgf
    @grippysockgf 2 месяца назад

    You're amazing thank you

  • @LordSalazarsRevenge
    @LordSalazarsRevenge 2 месяца назад

    Your argument... is logical

  • @avatar2580
    @avatar2580 2 месяца назад

    Best lecture ever seen in this topic.... Thank you all the way from India

    • @LetsGetLogical
      @LetsGetLogical 2 месяца назад

      @avatar2580 Glad it helped! I get a lot of viewers from India. Is there a test of some kind that is driving students to search for this content? What other kinds of logic videos would be helpful?

  • @artzy-g2b
    @artzy-g2b 2 месяца назад

    1:41

  • @catalinamarquez6937
    @catalinamarquez6937 2 месяца назад

    Rational raciosinio argument discussion subjetsy😂❤❤❤

  • @geoffcrumblin9850
    @geoffcrumblin9850 2 месяца назад

    Statistically the odds are in favour of the FSM than any skyman. More likelihood of alien life than skyman (pasta be his name) . In fact, when we encounter our first alien lifeform, that will signal the collapse of all religions.

    • @LetsGetLogical
      @LetsGetLogical 2 месяца назад

      @geoffcrumblin9850 There's nothing logically incompatible about the world's religions and the existence of aliens. In fact, C.S. Lewis, a well-known Christian apologist from the 20th century, wrote a trilogy of science fiction books exploring the idea of what Christianity might look like given the existence of other life forms.

  • @mamichamuteithia
    @mamichamuteithia 2 месяца назад

    excellent video. I still have a question though, when you define validity as it being impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false. How exactly are you defining true here? because it can't be in relation to reality.

    • @LetsGetLogical
      @LetsGetLogical 2 месяца назад

      Interesting question! But you don't have to define truth in order to define validity, otherwise you run into _definitional regress_ where every word used in a definition must itself be defined by other words, but those words also require definitions, which require more words, and thus more definitions, and so on forever in an infinite regress. But if you have questions about truth and its relation to reality, try my video on objective truth: ruclips.net/video/7J-0YJ_rVag/видео.html

    • @mamichamuteithia
      @mamichamuteithia 2 месяца назад

      @@LetsGetLogical I will, thank you.

  • @SeanAnthony-j7f
    @SeanAnthony-j7f 2 месяца назад

    In my opinion, this is my opinion

  • @kz8155
    @kz8155 2 месяца назад

    Afaik Russell's teapot is used as a tool so that it's not atheist that has the burden of proof to prove god but the theist.

  • @kz8155
    @kz8155 2 месяца назад

    You're assuming that the spaghetti monster is just a normal one like spaghetti in our world but if we change that to something similar to God?

  • @Rationalist101
    @Rationalist101 2 месяца назад

    Nice

  • @SyncSeiryuu
    @SyncSeiryuu 3 месяца назад

    You don't understand probability, and probability has nothing to do with the analogies. They're about where the burden of proof lies when making a claim. You could have easily discovered that by simply reading the first paragraph on the Wikipedia article about Russell's Teapot. The whole article only mentions probability once, when it compares different gods. Every god is just as probable as any other god, which is not at all, until they've been proven to be probable.

    • @LetsGetLogical
      @LetsGetLogical 3 месяца назад

      A few honest questions: Do you _really_ think I've never read the Wikipedia article and am unaware of the issues discussed there? Is it really your best judgment that I am unaware of burden of proof? And finally, is it really your considered judgment that the prior probability of all gods is zero? These are remarkable conclusions to arrive at.

  • @coconutyesse
    @coconutyesse 3 месяца назад

    Thanks for sharing! Your video makes me understand these logic fundamentals in 5 minutes!

  • @JTan-fq6vy
    @JTan-fq6vy 3 месяца назад

    Thanks again for this great video! What if sometimes we want to do reasoning backward, such as from conclusion to premises or from effect to causes, does this type of reasoning still falls into inductive reasoning (as we just change the direction of the reasoning) or it's something called abductive reasoning? Thanks.

    • @LetsGetLogical
      @LetsGetLogical 3 месяца назад

      Yes, sounds like you might have abductive reasoning in mind.

  • @islamictheologymatters
    @islamictheologymatters 3 месяца назад

    Could we draw a third circle for those foxes sleep on trees?

    • @LetsGetLogical
      @LetsGetLogical 2 месяца назад

      You can create a visual representation any way you'd like, but the way shown in the video is how to do it in the standard Venn system.

    • @islamictheologymatters
      @islamictheologymatters 2 месяца назад

      @@LetsGetLogical Thanks for your reply