I love how people only watch shows to pick apart the history. My ancestors were on the Mayflower and I am proud of the brave people who had enough bravery to make the voyage. God bless America 🇺🇸
Well, it doesn't help when historians lie. 102 people didn't "colonise" America, most of them died the first year. 1650? Nope. My family was here before that and they didn't come on the Mayflower.
We can also credit the Puritans for their belief in teaching boys AND girls to read. The practice of only educating boys was still prevalent in 1900 in England when my grandmother was a young girl. The Puritans expected everyone in their church to read the bible of their time. Teaching girls to read was quite a step forward and spread through other colonies over time.
@@jamesbass7981The Church, while they have been advocates for progressive policies, relied on politicians to pass progressive laws. I wish you would look at what politicians are doing to your religion.
@jamesbass7981 Which Church? These poor souls were fleeing "The Church" because of religious persecution. They were being killed and persecuted by the Church for their beliefs, lol.
Women didn't need to know how to read back then. They were homemakers. I dont know why people act like this wasn't an important role in society. The greatest men on earth learned almost everything from the laps of their mothers. This is what society is missing today. A loving mother AT HOME and a father that provides. Now we have women thinking they're men and men thinking they're women. It's silly.
@SOULRELIEF22 A lot more than that matters. For some of us, like myself, who happen to be direct DNA descendants of William Bradford, I wouldn't exist without this story. So don't undermine other people's heritage.
At least 8 of my mother's ancestors were on the Mayflower. One of the reasons for their making landfall was the need for water. That first winter half of them died from various illnesses that probably were new to them. They brought illness from Europe and appear to have been impacted by those found in America. The abandoned native village they first inhabited had been abandoned due a plague in the village.
I’ve found out that in total at least 7 different great grandparents on the Mayflower!! How cool is that? We probably have some of the most Pilgrim in our blood of anyone living today.
If you ever get to the area around Oxford, go to Old Jordan to see the Mayflower Barn. The timbers match the description of the beams from the Mayflower, including the repair on the beam mentioned here. You can also see the Meeting House used by the Quakers and see the graves of many of William Penn’s family. That is part of one of the Girl Scouts’ three Old World New Dreams routes in England. When ships were no longer seaworthy, they were often sold to build barns.
I thought the same thing, but if you look closely at 15:15, there is only red cross, the cross of Saint Andrew. The Act of Union added a second diagonal red cross, so this is the correct flag.
One valuable piece of the puzzle they are missing is the fact that the Mayflower leaders held the seasons by the stars calculations. They did not just look around and hope they got planting right and were ignorant of this fact. They held the alignment of the seasons that some Indians held and that was one piece of the respected puzzle that quickly bonded them. As for the Indians, they were at war with each other for hundreds of years and were hunting each others tribes to kill or make slaves. This is what some tribes felt when they first saw the white man as they were cautious in dealing with them.
Originally created in the image of GOD! Vibrant, beautiful and intelligent beyond imagination! Then sin entered, and brought grayness and complexity. But JESUS has brought us The BLESSED HOPE...!!! St John 3:16! ❤ HALLELUJAH for REDEMPTION!
Adam named ALL the animals! He was in GOD'S image! We're supposed to be and WILL be again JUST LIKE JESUS! Our LORD, the One who wrote the Chronicles! GLORY! Using ONE alphabet for ALL THOSE NAMES! Billions of stars and JESUS calls them ALL by name! BRILLIANT!!! ❤❤❤ "Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when He shall appear, we shall be like Him; for we shall see Him as He is." 1 John 3:2! "We shall be like Him"!!! I STAY EXCITED!!! 🙏🏼🙌🏼👏🏼💃
Some of my ancestors came over on the Mayflower. For being puritans some of them sounded a bit crazy to be honest. One almost was hung for mutainy while stranded on an island in the Bahamas after a shipwreck several years before The Mayflower.🤦🏼♀️ I read about people getting excommunicated seaveral times over. They were warriors though. They fought for this country in every war and worked on the underground railroad. They were amazing people.
I believe that would have been Stephen Hopkins who had been shipwrecked in the Bahamas (the story became the inspiration fir Shakespeare’s “The Tempest”). Hopkins wasn’t a Puritan, he was one of the Strangers who joined in on the journey. He continued to cause trouble in Plymouth for years, as his house became the first tavern in the settlement. 😂
The Pilgrim Fathers' trip symbolizes religious freedom and discovery. Their daring crossing of the Atlantic and founding of Plymouth Colony changed American history. This story highlights the struggles and tenacity that shaped a new planet. 🇺🇸🗽🌎
Boston born we lived in-between Plymouth and Boston on the coast, I've always been keenly aware of the native before us, almost every street name was Indian, many towns names have Indian names, there everywhere.
I, too, was born and do live in between Boston and Plymouth, Massachusetts. It is true that So many towns and streets have Indian names. I am extremely proud to live where I live.
Adam and Eve are related to us ALL! PRAISE JESUS! ✝️ ❤️ THEY "ARE" RELATED TO US,.BECAUSE SOULS LIVE FOREVER! ST JOHN 3:16! ❤ JESUS IS RETURNING SOON! HALLELUJAH! ❤️✝️❤️
So your telling me your 4 generations wich is about 150 roughly hang on thay landed when 1620 or 30 so 3 generation you your dad your grand dad yiu grate grandfather so 200 years1820 18 30 listen dint talk rubbish if he was your grategrandfather from century's ago I think yiu got it rong you you chatting shit
@@beachgirl1947 actually he would be 10th great grandfather. I know, because he is mine. William had a son William who had a daughter Hannah who married Joshua Ripley. They had a daughter Alice, who married my 8th paternal great grandfather, Samuel Edgerton. And that's how ancestry works.
My ancestor, Moses Fletcher was aboard the Mayflower and one of the signatories of the Mayflower Compact. He was a blacksmith by trade. He was related to my grandpa, Albert Washington Fletcher on my maternal side. I never knew about this until the mid 70s, around 11/12 years old, when dusting a bookshelf at my Mom's and a book fell with a piece of paper falling out. I looked at it and said the Mayflower Manifest. I looked through the names and saw Moses Fletcher. Asking Mom about this, she said he was our relative but that paper was just a copy of the actual manifest.
Scrooby is only 20 miles away from where i live.... Just seen that William Bradford's from Austerfield,i've been there a few times..That's 17 miles away
The Indian lady couldn’t wait to say “which they never did” like she knows small details such as that from 300 years ago.. thank you William Bradford🙏🏼🇺🇸💯
I am descended from the Rev Thomas Blossom who was a friend of Pastor Robinson. He did not make it to America and is buried in Leiden. Our family live in Queensland Australia.
It would be best if American Indians could find any authentic writings from that time to tell us how the tribes actually viewed the pilgrims. We only get to hear what present day American Indians have to say and it is heavily influenced by their knowledge of what occurred over the next century. What’s more is that settling a land and displacing the native population happens all over the world so we would hear similar stories from people in other countries about groups that were disenfranchised. Unfortunately settlement usually involves violence because the native population does not want to give up their land and rightly so.
i find it amusing listening to these narrator’s talk about specific details of what happened as if they were there and witnessed it happen. This was the 16th century, you guys don’t know anymore than we do
Why don’t most documentaries about the European immigration to the United States rarely if ever mention that the Spanish were first then the French. They usually just start with the Mayflower of the Pilgrims & Puritans. It’s an Anglo-English narrative. Spain & France were there before England & also can’t forget the Dutch & Swedish also Russia with Alaska.
Well this is specifically about the beginnings of the United States. Which was made up of a lot of English puritans. There are tons and tons of documentaries about the conquistadors and French colonists of the americas. This one is just specifically about the mayflower….
The award native Americans who had already engaged in trade with the British all up and down New England. Remember they knew where to land . Native Americans with this group of people who never saw anybody not from the United States etc.
well they didn't of course !!! that might be half the problem. But it was an abandoned village despite what some say nowadays. around 90% of natives had died from thier own plagues before ANY white people arrived. in Central and North America. That's the recent new findings.
Not only that but the Mayflower was heading to Virginia to form a Puritan settlement within the Virginian interior where other Puritan settlements had already taken roost but were blown off course and forced to land where they were because of dwindling food stocks and lack of water.
@@chadettwein7667 Jamestown didn't fail...Virginia was founded as a colony that gave the brightest minds to the development of this country. Try again. Edit: I have to laugh at how silly your comment is... The ignorance....
I have noticed that this mistake is often made. I am surprised that this documentary made it because they emphasized the development of the freethinking of the Separatists in Holland but then they pivot and continue to refer to them as Puritans who were not freethinkers. Puritans never thought that opposite opinions might be correct.
The Pilgrims were tolerant of other religions (in Plymouth), but as the Puritans took over the Massachusetts Bay, they became intolerant. Hence this is why Roger Williams and his supporters founded the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
Puritans persecuted? What a load of propaganda. During the reigns of Elizabeth or James I, name two - just two - Puritans who were burned at the stake or tortured.They lost some civil rights, precisely because they wouldn't conform to the Anglican church, which was horribly sinful in their eyes. This rigid sanctimony made them quite unpopular and actively disliked - they banned Christmas, forbade dancing, tore down Maypoles, outlawed gambling and card games and theater performances, and would have turned England into a theocracy. They sought refuge in Holland, but the Dutch were too sinful for them. As for religious freedom in the New World, that's a damned lie. They wanted freedom for themselves, not for Quakers or Anabaptists or heaven forbid Catholics. They were horrified by Indian polygamy and polytheism whereas the Indians were astonished at how cruel they were to children and animals. The best that can be said about them is that they prized literacy.
The fact they prized literacy was quite an enormous undertaking and influence, especially for girls. My grandmother was born in London in 1890 and was not permitted to read or learn. Only her brother was . Eventually they sailed to Canada, then migrated to Detroit. I have her exquisite needle point. She did it by sight and never learned to read or drive a car.
@@jeaniehyer7920not exactly, there were english translations that used the Greek before the King James, notably the 1560 Geneva Bible that the pilgrims used, but the King James is the most famous
Thanks, Real History. Thanks to Edward (ambassador to the Indians) and Gilligan (good with weapons) Winslow. Gilligan returned with the Mayflower and Edward stayed to alternate as Governor with Bradford.
They didn't. This is an ignorant statement. The first betrayal between settlers and Indians was by the Indians at the outset of King Phillip's War. The Indians welcomed the Europeans because the Indians were stone age civilizations. They didn't even have metal arrowheads or knives. They were at war with each other and wanted the Europeans because they wanted to trade for guns and metal tools and the wheel. Indians were never slaves. You need to study real history and not the racist, anti-white bullshit they teach you in public school.
"some say .. since we are not in New York" (min. 18.30). This statement is utterly unhistoric. New Netherland only was taken by the English in 1664, and on that occasion named New York, 44 years after the arrival of the Pilgrim Fathers at Cape Cod.
History is so interesting to me! The Native Americans should not have been forced out in my opinion! The main thing in my opinion is Jesus is the reason this all happened! It’s amazing to me they were able to navigate! Also amazing to me how there were Indians already living there! I believe in creation and God! I wonder how people got far from the beginning to other continents in the world? Also how did they survive? What did they eat and drink? This is a great video giving us a glimpse of what it might have been like! Great video production!
without the native peoples ,yours would not have survived. You even learned your democracy from us, except for the women of course. Haudenosaunee women were an important part in Our constitution, shame you didn't copy that part of it when you made yours.
@@jolenajade Actually we had the old middle class ( Saxon) Town Meetings ( Tun Moot) and other forms of democracy already. But they also liked yours. They must have felt good about that similarity. And also, the Greeks had Democracy and the colonials copied them on a few thngs. But the US government is a Republic not a Democracy. .
@@cobainzlady Tun moots did not have checks and balances, or specialized mechanisms for selection of chiefs or problem solving. Nor i would guess provision for women in the political system.
@@cobainzlady The Greeks had democracy for land owning males only. I have not heard the influence of the others on your constitution being acknowledged by your government. The Senate acknowledged on Sept 16 1987 “the original framers of the Constitution, including most notably, George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, are known to have greatly admired the concepts, principles and governmental practices of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. Whereas the confederation of the original Thirteen Colonies into one republic was explicitly modeled upon the Iroquois Confederacy as were many of the democratic principles which were incorporated into the Constitution itself "
Thank You Jesus for dying for us, for giving us Your Holy Spirit til You return to take Your ppl home, for preserving Your Holy Word, and for our Pilgrim Fathers!!
Wolf Truchsess von Wetzhausen - Your birthdate infomoration is off by an entire decade. William Bradford, was born in 1590 and lived until 1657. I haven't finished watching this documentary, I'm already wondering what else you got wrong .
I’m a Mayflower descendant. This documentary is half baked. The depiction of Indian relations is completely biased. We know because we have the real history in our families.Don’t believe everything you watch
@@Seanenanigans research my fifth great grandfather Reverend Samuel Hopkins 1721-1803. It will be very clear what the relationship between our ancestors and the TRUE character of the Indian people were. They were drunks and murderers. They wanted alcohol instead of land. Our people were raped scalped kidnapped and tortured by the Indians. My grandfather gave everything he had to help the Indians to no avail. They were uncivilized.
that's something i noticed, the pilgrims didn't want religious freedom "for everyone" per say, they wanted the freedom to worship how they saw fit, and had no problem telling people teaching different to go somewhere else, such as when the Baptists went to Rhode Island, however they did contribute to the American spirit of what would later become freedom of religion
I was brought up on Cape Cod. Many of their descendants are still in the areas colonized. Bradford, Sturgis, Hallet, Cahoon, etc Many buildings & streets, businesses, museums, hold the names.
Pilgrim Fathers colonizing America: Proof that sometimes a quest for religious freedom just means a lot of people figuring out how to survive without Wi-Fi and pumpkin spice lattes.
Great documentary it’s too bad the Native Americans represented in this film were malcontent. I have several Native American friends that love America and White people.
Do a search for Mayflower history primary sources. Of Plymouth Plantation (Volume 1 and Volume 2) by William Bradford (written 1630-1651, first published 1854). This is the most complete first-hand history of Plymouth, written by its long-time governor.
That’s correct. Even back then, people knew that Christmas is of purely pagan origins, not sanctioned or promoted in the Bible. The Jews did not celebrate birthdays as this was a pagan custom connected to worship of false gods. Jesus never told anyone to celebrate his birthday, he only asked his true followers to memorialise his sacrificial death.
@@verenamaharajah6082 Then it all got to Rome. Jesus today wouldn't like all the trappings. When he comes again, there will be no denominations...i.e...No RC, no Anglican, Baptist, Church of Christ, Mormons, Pentecostal etc...you will be with him or not...no inbetween. It will be all one big church if you want to live in paradise on earth or in heaven. No second chances. That thought might irk a few denominational traditionalists who repectively think there's is the only true church. He will be coming to form one big church.
We need more history lessons in America being spread about separation from church and state I think.......this is nice about pilgrims! We need this for the youth and adults instead of hysteria from creators
There were others here before they arrived. Some folks are direct descendants of the Puritans and they believed in literacy for both men and women which was not common back in England. The French were already here and were known to have gotten along better with the Indigenous nations and much of our language is indigenous based. Majority of roads today in Connecticut and the other New England states are the original native trails. Going back to the 1300's over what became Michigan, corresponds with what would become the fight for independence, eventually, with many different wars and conflicts. The Ulster Scots and Germans, all in the Appalachia region had a direct say in the war of Independence. The Dutch were here long before then, in the large NYC and Connecticut region too . Of course, I only barely touched what was happening, including what is now New Brunswick and Canada.
The sloop was too large to be launched from the Mayflower. It was carried in 4 sections & assembled on land. The advanced party had to go ashore in a smaller boat.
Most of this is accurate and well done, but a few things are incorrect and misrepresentation of who the Pilgrim were , why they came and what they did. In what i assume, were Native Americans, they call the Thanksgiving celebration a "lie", and state that the Pilgrims didn't pay back for the corn they took. That is a lie, or at least a declaration that's inflammatory in ignorance. They did specifically pay this back (see Plymouth Plantation). Because of American Indian prejudice they didn't appreciate God and those who worshiped Him, they often dismiss the foundations of our country and call it a "lie", but notice, they all speak the King's English, enjoy the liberties, prosperity, moral laws, justice, protections, abundance, ...that came as a result of the foundations that the Pilgrim's brought, that is God's word/Law. If you don't like it leave, which is what the Pilgrims did. Also, it was stated what the Pilgrims did was a "primitive form of democracy", it was a primitive form of the Republic. Also it was said by one of those interviewed that we would not like who the Pilgrims were, yes, in our anti-god, the rebellious God haters who don't want their views, just the results of living a Godly life. He also said that it didn't have much effect. Don't know what prejudical cave he's been in, it's well acknowledged, even by most God haters, the Pilrams and Puritans who followed are the foundation of our gov't., educational system, the principles of gov't. , educ., law, business, family, morality, all of culture. It certainly wasn't atheism, or some other religious beliefs.
The only thing that saved us from Calvin and the western world of torture is the separation of Church and State. As a Christian my soul is rocked to the core reflecting upon the cast of characters and their belief systems. So let me get this straight they are going off to the unknown during storm season taking over 3 times as long as an average crossing. All of this a wonderful part of our history.... Yikes, you really can rationalize anything. MarkMannM2
I am so very thankful to God that the Pilgrims saw the wisdom of establishing Plymouth Colony as a republic instead of a democracy as many of you people continue to call it. I also thank God that the founders of the United States also saw, and followed the same wisdom. I am grateful that you conceded the importance of writing the Mayflower Compact, and successive laws. Writing endures. Memories fail. I thank God for Bradford, Massasoit, Standish, Squanto, saints, strangers, and Wampanoag and the others whose charity allowed Plymouth Colony to thrive.
The United States is now a Democratic Republic. My family suffered to get here. William Brewster's wife and two daughters later died from a fever . Patience Brewster had a male descendant who according to the Wampanoag, married a descendant of Pocahontas.
Come on Gil, Get over it. Yes you have cause to be mad but if this series of events had different people from different countries, you probably wouldn't be speaking out today.
The Pilgrims went to the New World to Worship as they wished and then proceeded that anybody else near them be pilgrims as well. Becomes a little less noble when you hear it that way. Of course Indians had no rights at all once the Musket cleared them out. That issue goes back to the Bankers and a lesser degree the monarchs who simply needed boots on the ground who paid homage to England. The notion that Europeans could go to unknown lands and simply clear out the natives was in no way set in stone. Colonizing far away lands for exploitation was a concept totally new to Europeans if not all other parts of the known world. I suppose the Portuguese, the Dutch and the Spanish made the decision they had a right to. Who thought it over and decided they had a right to do that.. The first colony was in an area now called South Africa. It occurred around 1450. We all know about nations fighting nations usually if not always with borders touching the other nation. Of course the whole colonial mess started with Corporate entities. Before 1600, only Spain and Portugal were in the colonizing game/ To all essential purposes, all English colonizing after the monarchy ceased to be the main powerhouse, after the English Revolution. Most the work was done by corporations such as the East and West India Co. How do they go about claiming a land for England or Holland that is already occupied? Interesting that the elites who caused most of this shit are blaming it on White people. Most white people back then were Indentured Servants if they went to the New World. Hardly White People; definitely, multi=generational elites which was a race all to their own who never intermarried with ordinary whites
Question for the Americans in here why do you all like to dismiss the British so much when it comes to American history you act like Americans were already there then kicked out the British when obviously the people fighting the British were British themselves
30 million Americans could trace their ancestors back to the Mayflower passage. I have 6 verified ancestors onboard. I have seen individuals having 16.
The English constitution was established soon after the Roman legions left. It's principles and traditions were well known and practiced by everyone. When King John failed to uphold his duties under the constitution he was forced to sign a document called The Magna Carta in 1215 which spells out the principles and duties the monarch was required to uphold in return for his station. The English constitution was written before but reiterated in 1215. All laws and statutes padsed since that time had to comply with this foundational agreement.
![BLACK BAG - Official Trailer [HD] - Only in Theaters March 14](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Du0Xp8WX_7I/mqdefault.jpg)
I love how people only watch shows to pick apart the history. My ancestors were on the Mayflower and I am proud of the brave people who had enough bravery to make the voyage. God bless America 🇺🇸
Did you know they have found the Mayflower?
I’m a descendent from the Mayflower!
Really is that true 😂
Well, it doesn't help when historians lie. 102 people didn't "colonise" America, most of them died the first year. 1650? Nope. My family was here before that and they didn't come on the Mayflower.
I am a descendant of William Brewster. These things are so interesting to me.
We can also credit the Puritans for their belief in teaching boys AND girls to read. The practice of only educating boys was still prevalent in 1900 in England when my grandmother was a young girl. The Puritans expected everyone in their church to read the bible of their time.
Teaching girls to read was quite a step forward and spread through other colonies over time.
I wish the progressive young people could see what the Church has done for their progress,not politicians!!
@@jamesbass7981The Church, while they have been advocates for progressive policies, relied on politicians to pass progressive laws. I wish you would look at what politicians are doing to your religion.
@jamesbass7981 Which Church? These poor souls were fleeing "The Church" because of religious persecution. They were being killed and persecuted by the Church for their beliefs, lol.
Women didn't need to know how to read back then. They were homemakers. I dont know why people act like this wasn't an important role in society. The greatest men on earth learned almost everything from the laps of their mothers. This is what society is missing today. A loving mother AT HOME and a father that provides. Now we have women thinking they're men and men thinking they're women. It's silly.
@JoshuaTraffanstedt Anne Hutchinson
Thank you William Bradford for all your efforts . RIP
William Bradford was my 10th great grand father. DNA test and paper trail to prove it.
@@lindakay9552I am a direct descendant also. How do I get my DNA test?
In the end, we must ALL be BLOOD kin to JESUS! Nothing else matters in Eternity!
St John 3:16! ❤
@SOULRELIEF22 A lot more than that matters. For some of us, like myself, who happen to be direct DNA descendants of William Bradford, I wouldn't exist without this story. So don't undermine other people's heritage.
@@lindakay9552 Yeah, where did you get his DNA, lol.
I am a direct descendant of Bradford also.
The world needs more people like you. Thank you for your kind words!
My mother's family came in 1635 on the Increase. Yes God bless them for coming and God bless America.
I believe I had an ancestor on that ship but have not been able to verify. Also may have an ancestor whose first wife was on the Mayflower.
God bless America from Trump's tyranny.
At least 8 of my mother's ancestors were on the Mayflower. One of the reasons for their making landfall was the need for water. That first winter half of them died from various illnesses that probably were new to them. They brought illness from Europe and appear to have been impacted by those found in America. The abandoned native village they first inhabited had been abandoned due a plague in the village.
❤Me too!
You don't need to tell me I just watched the program
That is impossible. Do some research.
The diseases that the pilgrims suffered were self inflicted.
I’ve found out that in total at least 7 different great grandparents on the Mayflower!! How cool is that? We probably have some of the most Pilgrim in our blood of anyone living today.
If you ever get to the area around Oxford, go to Old Jordan to see the Mayflower Barn. The timbers match the description of the beams from the Mayflower, including the repair on the beam mentioned here. You can also see the Meeting House used by the Quakers and see the graves of many of William Penn’s family. That is part of one of the Girl Scouts’ three Old World New Dreams routes in England.
When ships were no longer seaworthy, they were often sold to build barns.
Mistake in the documentary. The image of the Mayflower is flying the Union Jack. The Act of Union did not take place until 1707.
And I doubt that they had leaded windows that first winter
I think that was a Plymouth argyle flag 😂
@@grahambyrne7868definitely doomed then 😅😅😅
Yes, a touch of mistaken licence there, but the rest of the story is good.
I thought the same thing, but if you look closely at 15:15, there is only red cross, the cross of Saint Andrew. The Act of Union added a second diagonal red cross, so this is the correct flag.
One valuable piece of the puzzle they are missing is the fact that the Mayflower leaders held the seasons by the stars calculations. They did not just look around and hope they got planting right and were ignorant of this fact. They held the alignment of the seasons that some Indians held and that was one piece of the respected puzzle that quickly bonded them. As for the Indians, they were at war with each other for hundreds of years and were hunting each others tribes to kill or make slaves. This is what some tribes felt when they first saw the white man as they were cautious in dealing with them.
history is gray & complex because it is made by human beings who are likewise
Originally created in the image of GOD! Vibrant, beautiful and intelligent beyond imagination! Then sin entered, and brought grayness and complexity. But JESUS has brought us The BLESSED HOPE...!!!
St John 3:16! ❤
HALLELUJAH for REDEMPTION!
Adam named ALL the animals! He was in GOD'S image! We're supposed to be and WILL be again JUST LIKE JESUS! Our LORD, the One who wrote the Chronicles! GLORY! Using ONE alphabet for ALL THOSE NAMES! Billions of stars and JESUS calls them ALL by name! BRILLIANT!!! ❤❤❤
"Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when He shall appear, we shall be like Him; for we shall see Him as He is."
1 John 3:2!
"We shall be like Him"!!!
I STAY EXCITED!!! 🙏🏼🙌🏼👏🏼💃
Some of my ancestors came over on the Mayflower. For being puritans some of them sounded a bit crazy to be honest. One almost was hung for mutainy while stranded on an island in the Bahamas after a shipwreck several years before The Mayflower.🤦🏼♀️ I read about people getting excommunicated seaveral times over. They were warriors though. They fought for this country in every war and worked on the underground railroad. They were amazing people.
Wow you're well informed 😊
only the Catholic church " excommunicates" people.
I believe that would have been Stephen Hopkins who had been shipwrecked in the Bahamas (the story became the inspiration fir Shakespeare’s “The Tempest”). Hopkins wasn’t a Puritan, he was one of the Strangers who joined in on the journey. He continued to cause trouble in Plymouth for years, as his house became the first tavern in the settlement. 😂
😂
What a load of nonsense. They were looking for freedom for THEIR religious beliefs. Anyone else's was witch craft, sin and evil.
Yes
Yes.
Correct, and thats also exactly what it was: witch craft, sin and evil.
And???
... Are you seeking victimhood status??
Perhaps reparations???
Or just a reason to bitch???
@@someonethatisachristian Nope.
The Pilgrim Fathers' trip symbolizes religious freedom and discovery. Their daring crossing of the Atlantic and founding of Plymouth Colony changed American history. This story highlights the struggles and tenacity that shaped a new planet. 🇺🇸🗽🌎
...a new planet?
@@patchadams4me*planet HOLLYWEIRD..
@@patchadams4me a whole new nation where the average citizen doesn't know where Canada is.....
You understand that the Pilgrim colony was a complete failure? It was the Puritans at Boston who prospered.
They fled the religious freedom of the Dutch Republic.
Boston born we lived in-between Plymouth and Boston on the coast, I've always been keenly aware of the native before us, almost every street name was Indian, many towns names have Indian names, there everywhere.
I, too, was born and do live in between Boston and Plymouth, Massachusetts. It is true that So many towns and streets have Indian names. I am extremely proud to live where I live.
I guess we're very fortunate our ancestors survived it all. 50% died is crazy.
😂
I recently found out that I'm related to Samuel Fuller and John Alden. Alden is my 10th great grandfather, and Samuel is my 9th great grandfather.
Kool!!!!
Twice removed?
Adam and Eve are related to us ALL! PRAISE JESUS! ✝️ ❤️
THEY "ARE" RELATED TO US,.BECAUSE SOULS LIVE FOREVER!
ST JOHN 3:16! ❤
JESUS IS RETURNING SOON!
HALLELUJAH! ❤️✝️❤️
@@winrosI love you so MUCH! 😊❤
Me too!
William Bradford was my great grandfather & I’m so proud of his vision & what he established in America’s earliest days.
@@Yeahok-pc2jdyeah, I was thinking the same thing.
Are you a vampire or something???😂
So your telling me your 4 generations wich is about 150 roughly hang on thay landed when 1620 or 30 so 3 generation you your dad your grand dad yiu grate grandfather so 200 years1820 18 30 listen dint talk rubbish if he was your grategrandfather from century's ago I think yiu got it rong you you chatting shit
I'm assuming you abbreviated the greats. It's 7 for me. Nice to meet you, cuz.
@@beachgirl1947 actually he would be 10th great grandfather. I know, because he is mine.
William had a son William who had a daughter Hannah who married Joshua Ripley. They had a daughter Alice, who married my 8th paternal great grandfather, Samuel Edgerton.
And that's how ancestry works.
My ancestor, Moses Fletcher was aboard the Mayflower and one of the signatories of the Mayflower Compact. He was a blacksmith by trade. He was related to my grandpa, Albert Washington Fletcher on my maternal side. I never knew about this until the mid 70s, around 11/12 years old, when dusting a bookshelf at my Mom's and a book fell with a piece of paper falling out. I looked at it and said the Mayflower Manifest. I looked through the names and saw Moses Fletcher. Asking Mom about this, she said he was our relative but that paper was just a copy of the actual manifest.
William Bradford was my 10th great grandfather.
@@lindakay9552 Cool! Neat to hear that ~
Hang on some one else claimed there grategrandfather was William Bradford thses Americans chat a lot of shit
😂
Fortunately yet ever so brief that is. The fairy tale falls apart when you start dissecting the story from myth, lies and misinformation! ❤️👏🧐🧑🎨♾️
White man history 😂
Scrooby is only 20 miles away from where i live.... Just seen that William Bradford's from Austerfield,i've been there a few times..That's 17 miles away
Plymouth Massachusetts 🇺🇸
The first thanksgiving
Captain miles Standish
Reverend bill Brewster
Happy Thanksgiving from Mr and Mrs. reverend Johnny Kennedy 🇻🇪🇻🇦🇺🇸🇹🇳🇷🇴🇲🇽🇲🇬🇯🇵🇮🇹🇮🇱🇮🇳🇩🇪🇫🇷🇬🇧🇪🇬🇨🇦🇧🇷🇦🇺🩴🩴🧸🍞🦍🦒🐘🦏🦙🦅🐊🦝🦊🐻❄️🐼🐻🐺🐯🦁
The Indian lady couldn’t wait to say “which they never did” like she knows small details such as that from 300 years ago.. thank you William Bradford🙏🏼🇺🇸💯
White man history 😂
@@matildagreene1744 white man started America 🇺🇸 🤍🇺🇸💙🇺🇸💯
enjoyed this documentary very interesting ❤❤
I am descended from the Rev Thomas Blossom who was a friend of Pastor Robinson. He did not make it to America and is buried in Leiden. Our family live in Queensland Australia.
Bradford is Helen Hunt's ancestor...its on Who Do You Are.
I’m sure she is thrilled… 😆
My ancestor may have worked for Bradford in Sandwich MA area. 😊
It would be best if American Indians could find any authentic writings from that time to tell us how the tribes actually viewed the pilgrims. We only get to hear what present day American Indians have to say and it is heavily influenced by their knowledge of what occurred over the next century. What’s more is that settling a land and displacing the native population happens all over the world so we would hear similar stories from people in other countries about groups that were disenfranchised. Unfortunately settlement usually involves violence because the native population does not want to give up their land and rightly so.
We actually had a Mayflower. A Triumph. Good beautiful car.
A Long LONG Time Ago i Can still Remember how that music used to make Me Smile
i find it amusing listening to these narrator’s talk about specific details of what happened as if they were there and witnessed it happen. This was the 16th century, you guys don’t know anymore than we do
It's called a primary source.
My ancestor was pastor Robinson . I’m trying to find as much information I can on my family
Why don’t most documentaries about the European immigration to the United States rarely if ever mention that the Spanish were first then the French. They usually just start with the Mayflower of the Pilgrims & Puritans. It’s an Anglo-English narrative. Spain & France were there before England & also can’t forget the Dutch & Swedish also Russia with Alaska.
Agreed.
Vikings and Celtics were here before the Spanish and the french
@@Bull1535 And the Phoenicians, Egyptians & Romans before the Norsemen & Celtics.
Well this is specifically about the beginnings of the United States. Which was made up of a lot of English puritans. There are tons and tons of documentaries about the conquistadors and French colonists of the americas. This one is just specifically about the mayflower….
@@GnarStark Half of the passengers on the Mayflower we’re descendants of the French Huguenots.
How did the native Americans read and understand the pilgrims note about paying them for the spring planting seed later ? This is an earnest question
The award native Americans who had already engaged in trade with the British all up and down New England. Remember they knew where to land . Native Americans with this group of people who never saw anybody not from the United States etc.
An English educated native known as
Sommerset
well they didn't of course !!! that might be half the problem. But it was an abandoned village despite what some say nowadays. around 90% of natives had died from thier own plagues before ANY white people arrived. in Central and North America. That's the recent new findings.
😆 I thought the same thing. Do you think the Indians filed the note away? 😅
Excellent documentary 😊 thank you
What about the beer for the water was unfit to drink.
Why do the Pilgrims get all the credit when Jamestown in Virginia was already settled before the Mayflower ever sailed?
Not only that but the Mayflower was heading to Virginia to form a Puritan settlement within the Virginian interior where other Puritan settlements had already taken roost but were blown off course and forced to land where they were because of dwindling food stocks and lack of water.
Because Jamestown failed and the pilgrims succeeded.
@@chadettwein7667 Jamestown didn't fail...Virginia was founded as a colony that gave the brightest minds to the development of this country. Try again. Edit: I have to laugh at how silly your comment is... The ignorance....
@Lowest_Levels you're right. I was thinking of Roanoke. My mistake.
@@chadettwein7667 No problem. Also, I could of been less arrogant about it. Thanks for your reply.
They were NOT Puritans, they were Pilgrims. Two entirely different groups and colonies (Plymouth vs. Massachusetts Bay, respectively).
Thank you!😊
I have noticed that this mistake is often made. I am surprised that this documentary made it because they emphasized the development of the freethinking of the Separatists in Holland but then they pivot and continue to refer to them as Puritans who were not freethinkers. Puritans never thought that opposite opinions might be correct.
@@KOOLBadger Yes, they were. There were 2 types of Puritans: separatists and non-separatists.
@@solimarra oh, Thank you!
They certainly were puritans . that's my ancestors on that ship. PURITANS. who morphed into Quakers later. There aren't any Puritans left of course.
The Pilgrims were tolerant of other religions (in Plymouth), but as the Puritans took over the Massachusetts Bay, they became intolerant. Hence this is why Roger Williams and his supporters founded the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
My ancestors were at the Providence Plantations. My husbands family came to Maryland Colony in 1654.
Puritans persecuted? What a load of propaganda. During the reigns of Elizabeth or James I, name two - just two - Puritans who were burned at the stake or tortured.They lost some civil rights, precisely because they wouldn't conform to the Anglican church, which was horribly sinful in their eyes. This rigid sanctimony made them quite unpopular and actively disliked - they banned Christmas, forbade dancing, tore down Maypoles, outlawed gambling and card games and theater performances, and would have turned England into a theocracy. They sought refuge in Holland, but the Dutch were too sinful for them. As for religious freedom in the New World, that's a damned lie. They wanted freedom for themselves, not for Quakers or Anabaptists or heaven forbid Catholics. They were horrified by Indian polygamy and polytheism whereas the Indians were astonished at how cruel they were to children and animals. The best that can be said about them is that they prized literacy.
*Native Americans or first nations. Pilgrims never encountered indians
@@jake300win savages
The fact they prized literacy was quite an enormous undertaking and influence, especially for girls.
My grandmother was born in London in 1890 and was not permitted to read or learn. Only her brother was . Eventually they sailed to Canada, then migrated to Detroit. I have her exquisite needle point. She did it by sight and never learned to read or drive a car.
And wasn't it King James that had the Bible translated from Greek to English?
@@jeaniehyer7920not exactly, there were english translations that used the Greek before the King James, notably the 1560 Geneva Bible that the pilgrims used, but the King James is the most famous
Thanks, Real History. Thanks to Edward (ambassador to the Indians) and Gilligan (good with weapons) Winslow. Gilligan returned with the Mayflower and Edward stayed to alternate as Governor with Bradford.
Great movie. White European people rock 🪨. Plymouth Rock….
Note to the editor of the intro text, need to correct the date to 1620 in the opening sentence (it currently shows as 1650). Thanks.
I was just at the Governor Bradford Inn & restaurant in Provincetown!! Love it there.
Great place!
William Bradford was an ancient ancestor of mine.
They were very brave people indeed. Reminds me of the Voortrekkers who came to South Africa.
I LOVE that they consulted a native American about this 😊
ONE cooperative native american
I wish the colonists had never treated the native Americans as slaves. Horrible thing to do.
They didn't. This is an ignorant statement. The first betrayal between settlers and Indians was by the Indians at the outset of King Phillip's War. The Indians welcomed the Europeans because the Indians were stone age civilizations. They didn't even have metal arrowheads or knives. They were at war with each other and wanted the Europeans because they wanted to trade for guns and metal tools and the wheel. Indians were never slaves. You need to study real history and not the racist, anti-white bullshit they teach you in public school.
I hate that the Pilgrim story has been villainized by the elite.
How?
I've put the Declaration Of Independence on William Bradford's grave twice in my life. This video just reminded me to do it again.🇺🇸
"some say .. since we are not in New York" (min. 18.30). This statement is utterly unhistoric. New Netherland only was taken by the English in 1664, and on that occasion named New York, 44 years after the arrival of the Pilgrim Fathers at Cape Cod.
It pays to be a winner!
Great. Thank you.
Great documentary.
The Description says 1650?
If there were only 102 passengers, and they arrived in mid November how did people die every day till March? Who wrote this?
If you are truly interested in REAL history, draw by on this piece. It’s pure fantasy.
History is so interesting to me! The Native Americans should not have been forced out in my opinion! The main thing in my opinion is Jesus is the reason this all happened! It’s amazing to me they were able to navigate! Also amazing to me how there were Indians already living there! I believe in creation and God! I wonder how people got far from the beginning to other continents in the world? Also how did they survive? What did they eat and drink? This is a great video giving us a glimpse of what it might have been like! Great video production!
They found a shipwreck...it seemed like no one had been here before ... ah, what?
The Indians didn't have a written language so we really don't know what was happening from their point of view.
Terrorist invading, for the most part. These videos are made as propaganda to change the real story.
Because the English pilgrims were the ones with the courage fortitude and perseverance to forge this land into a mighty nation!
Not immigrants but pioneers. Big difference.
without the native peoples ,yours would not have survived. You even learned your democracy from us, except for the women of course. Haudenosaunee women were an important part in Our constitution, shame you didn't copy that part of it when you made yours.
@@jolenajade Actually we had the old middle class ( Saxon) Town Meetings ( Tun Moot) and other forms of democracy already. But they also liked yours. They must have felt good about that similarity. And also, the Greeks had Democracy and the colonials copied them on a few thngs. But the US government is a Republic not a Democracy. .
@@cobainzlady Tun moots did not have checks and balances, or specialized mechanisms for selection of chiefs or problem solving. Nor i would guess provision for women in the political system.
@@cobainzlady The Greeks had democracy for land owning males only. I have not heard the influence of the others on your constitution being acknowledged by your government. The Senate acknowledged on Sept 16 1987 “the original framers of the Constitution, including most notably, George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, are known to have greatly admired the concepts, principles and governmental practices of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. Whereas the confederation of the original Thirteen Colonies into one republic was explicitly modeled upon the Iroquois Confederacy as were many of the democratic principles which were incorporated into the Constitution itself "
Great movie. Thanks for sharing. Take care and God Bless.
Clint Eastwood's 10th great grandfather is William Bradford.
Bradford second wife was my Great many times Grandmothers sister. I think geneology is great.
Thank You Jesus for dying for us, for giving us Your Holy Spirit til You return to take Your ppl home, for preserving Your Holy Word, and for our Pilgrim Fathers!!
Freak
Jamestown down south in Virginia is arguably more important than the Plymouth. It was the actual first successful English colony in North America.
Wolf Truchsess von Wetzhausen - Your birthdate infomoration is off by an entire decade.
William Bradford, was born in 1590 and lived until 1657. I haven't finished watching this documentary, I'm already wondering what else you got wrong .
Great ❤
I’m a Mayflower descendant. This documentary is half baked. The depiction of Indian relations is completely biased. We know because we have the real history in our families.Don’t believe everything you watch
Care to elaborate?
@@Seanenanigans research my fifth great grandfather Reverend Samuel Hopkins 1721-1803. It will be very clear what the relationship between our ancestors and the TRUE character of the Indian people were. They were drunks and murderers. They wanted alcohol instead of land. Our people were raped scalped kidnapped and tortured by the Indians. My grandfather gave everything he had to help the Indians to no avail. They were uncivilized.
Thanks. Had bad vibes, so to speak. Thanks for saving me the time.
Corny and boring.... also, your full of crap,... your not a descendant of the mayflower... that was 500 years ago.
that's something i noticed, the pilgrims didn't want religious freedom "for everyone" per say, they wanted the freedom to worship how they saw fit, and had no problem telling people teaching different to go somewhere else, such as when the Baptists went to Rhode Island, however they did contribute to the American spirit of what would later become freedom of religion
I was brought up on Cape Cod. Many of their descendants are still in the areas colonized. Bradford, Sturgis, Hallet, Cahoon, etc Many buildings & streets, businesses, museums, hold the names.
Pilgrim Fathers colonizing America: Proof that sometimes a quest for religious freedom just means a lot of people figuring out how to survive without Wi-Fi and pumpkin spice lattes.
This was a good show, but why don't we learn about the other settlements that were here before Plymouth?
It was the beginning of what was inevitable. Evolution.
Great documentary it’s too bad the Native Americans represented in this film were malcontent. I have several Native American friends that love America and White people.
Lol. You're drunk.
@@pglanville …and why do you think that?
Weird that, being upset over the genocide of their people
@@hahalleman246 …the pilgrims that came over on the Mayflower committed “genocide”?
Go with that. It's positive 😊
Do a search for Mayflower history primary sources. Of Plymouth Plantation (Volume 1 and Volume 2) by William Bradford (written 1630-1651, first published 1854). This is the most complete first-hand history of Plymouth, written by its long-time governor.
The narrator says that on the first Christmas there was little celebration because of the sickness. Actually the Pilgrims did not celebrate Christmas.
That’s correct. Even back then, people knew that Christmas is of purely pagan origins, not sanctioned or promoted in the Bible. The Jews did not celebrate birthdays as this was a pagan custom connected to worship of false gods. Jesus never told anyone to celebrate his birthday, he only asked his true followers to memorialise his sacrificial death.
@@verenamaharajah6082 Then it all got to Rome. Jesus today wouldn't like all the trappings. When he comes again, there will be no denominations...i.e...No RC, no Anglican, Baptist, Church of Christ, Mormons, Pentecostal etc...you will be with him or not...no inbetween. It will be all one big church if you want to live in paradise on earth or in heaven. No second chances. That thought might irk a few denominational traditionalists who repectively think there's is the only true church. He will be coming to form one big church.
True
We need more history lessons in America being spread about separation from church and state I think.......this is nice about pilgrims! We need this for the youth and adults instead of hysteria from creators
My sympathy always with the Native American Who r the actual inhabitants n owner of this great N/ S America.....
Happy Thanksgiving 2024!
There were others here before they arrived. Some folks are direct descendants of the Puritans and they believed in literacy for both men and women which was not common back in England.
The French were already here and were known to have gotten along better with the Indigenous nations and much of our language is indigenous based.
Majority of roads today in Connecticut and the other New England states are the original native trails.
Going back to the 1300's over what became Michigan, corresponds with what would become the fight for independence, eventually, with many different wars and conflicts.
The Ulster Scots and Germans, all in the Appalachia region had a direct say in the war of Independence.
The Dutch were here long before then, in the large NYC and Connecticut region too . Of course, I only barely touched what was happening, including what is now New Brunswick and Canada.
The sloop was too large to be launched from the Mayflower. It was carried in 4 sections & assembled on land. The advanced party had to go ashore in a smaller boat.
The Native Witch Doctor seemed a bit saucy in this documentary
Jamestown schooled plymouth. 1607
Most of this is accurate and well done, but a few things are incorrect and misrepresentation of who the Pilgrim were , why they came and what they did. In what i assume, were Native Americans, they call the Thanksgiving celebration a "lie", and state that the Pilgrims didn't pay back for the corn they took. That is a lie, or at least a declaration that's inflammatory in ignorance. They did specifically pay this back (see Plymouth Plantation).
Because of American Indian prejudice they didn't appreciate God and those who worshiped Him, they often dismiss the foundations of our country and call it a "lie", but notice, they all speak the King's English, enjoy the liberties, prosperity, moral laws, justice, protections, abundance, ...that came as a result of the foundations that the Pilgrim's brought, that is God's word/Law. If you don't like it leave, which is what the Pilgrims did.
Also, it was stated what the Pilgrims did was a "primitive form of democracy", it was a primitive form of the Republic. Also it was said by one of those interviewed that we would not like who the Pilgrims were, yes, in our anti-god, the rebellious God haters who don't want their views, just the results of living a Godly life. He also said that it didn't have much effect. Don't know what prejudical cave he's been in, it's well acknowledged, even by most God haters, the Pilrams and Puritans who followed are the foundation of our gov't., educational system, the principles of gov't. , educ., law, business, family, morality, all of culture. It certainly wasn't atheism, or some other religious beliefs.
Semi-good factual historical thumbnail summary film, just painfully poor reenactor acting.
The only thing that saved us from Calvin and the western world of torture is the separation of Church and State. As a Christian my soul is rocked to the core reflecting upon the cast of characters and their belief systems. So let me get this straight they are going off to the unknown during storm season taking over 3 times as long as an average crossing. All of this a wonderful part of our history.... Yikes, you really can rationalize anything. MarkMannM2
So they didn't bring their sickness here im confused
Those earrings that the natives wear looks an awfully a lot like the ones we wear today.
WE didn't land on Plymouth Rock, Plymouth Rock landed on us.
and a correction the mayflower landed on plymoth in 1620 not 1650 there is a huge difference of 30yrs please get the history rght and the dates too
i used to move furniture for mayflower van lines. where's my reparations 🤷🏻♂️
Words of the Mayflower Compact>
ruclips.net/video/p23gF9jQdnM/видео.htmlfeature=shared. The Geneva Bible is also iconic of the Mayflower.
Equal rights for everyone but we shall have slaves. What hypocrites .
Keep applying modern values to old times... who sold them and keeps slaves today? Africans. Run along.
I am so very thankful to God that the Pilgrims saw the wisdom of establishing Plymouth Colony as a republic instead of a democracy as many of you people continue to call it. I also thank God that the founders of the United States also saw, and followed the same wisdom. I am grateful that you conceded the importance of writing the Mayflower Compact, and successive laws. Writing endures. Memories fail.
I thank God for Bradford, Massasoit, Standish, Squanto, saints, strangers, and Wampanoag and the others whose charity allowed Plymouth Colony to thrive.
Yes. I fully agree with your words
You are wrong on all counts...as a group, they were dangerous radicals who could not live among other people. No one could stand them.
The United States is now a Democratic Republic. My family suffered to get here. William Brewster's wife and two daughters later died from a fever . Patience Brewster had a male descendant who according to the Wampanoag, married a descendant of Pocahontas.
24:18 pilgrims were the original squatters 😅
Come on Gil, Get over it. Yes you have cause to be mad but if this series of events had different people from different countries, you probably wouldn't be speaking out today.
The Pilgrims went to the New World to Worship as they wished and then proceeded that anybody else near them be pilgrims as well. Becomes a little less noble when you hear it that way. Of course Indians had no rights at all once the Musket cleared them out. That issue goes back to the Bankers and a lesser degree the monarchs who simply needed boots on the ground who paid homage to England. The notion that Europeans could go to unknown lands and simply clear out the natives was in no way set in stone. Colonizing far away lands for exploitation was a concept totally new to Europeans if not all other parts of the known world. I suppose the Portuguese, the Dutch and the Spanish made the decision they had a right to.
Who thought it over and decided they had a right to do that.. The first colony was in an area now called South Africa. It occurred around 1450. We all know about nations fighting nations usually if not always with borders touching the other nation.
Of course the whole colonial mess started with Corporate entities. Before 1600, only Spain and Portugal were in the colonizing game/ To all essential purposes, all English colonizing after the monarchy ceased to be the main powerhouse, after the English Revolution. Most the work was done by corporations such as the East and West India Co. How do they go about claiming a land for England or Holland that is already occupied?
Interesting that the elites who caused most of this shit are blaming it on White people. Most white people back then were Indentured Servants if they went to the New World. Hardly White People; definitely, multi=generational elites which was a race all to their own who never intermarried with ordinary whites
Question for the Americans in here why do you all like to dismiss the British so much when it comes to American history you act like Americans were already there then kicked out the British when obviously the people fighting the British were British themselves
30 million Americans could trace their ancestors back to the Mayflower passage. I have 6 verified ancestors onboard. I have seen individuals having 16.
I’m English and found it funny that the pilgrims developed American accents on the way over there 🤦♂️😂
What we eventually did to the native Americans is a national disgrace
The English constitution was established soon after the Roman legions left. It's principles and traditions were well known and practiced by everyone.
When King John failed to uphold his duties under the constitution he was forced to sign a document called The Magna Carta in 1215 which spells out the principles and duties the monarch was required to uphold in return for his station.
The English constitution was written before but reiterated in 1215.
All laws and statutes padsed since that time had to comply with this foundational agreement.