In search for origins of Croats and their ethnic name And as Byzantine Emperor Konstantinos Porphirogenetos wrote in his work "Peri ethnon" known under Latin name "De administrando imperio" around the year 950, in chapter XXX: "Croats (Hrovatoi/Hrvati) lived in that time there from the side of Bagibareia (Bayern, Bavaria) where now are the White Croats. One of their clans, namely five brothers: Klukas, Lovelos, Kosentzes, Muhlo i Hrovatos, and two sisters: Tuga i Buga, separated from them with their people, came to Dalmatia and found there Avars, holding that land. And for some time being in war, Croats prevailed and killed some of Avars and forced others to subdue to them. From that time rule in that land Croats (in Porfirogenetos' text: Hroßatoi [Hrovatoi], proper ethnic endonym: Hrvati; in Latin language: Chroati, Croati). And there it has still in Croatia Avars, and on them is visible that they are Avars." In chapter XXXI Porphirogenetos wrote: "Croats, which now inhabit the sides of Dalmatia, they originated from unbaptised Croats, which are called also White.[...] Those Croats came to the emperor of Romai Heraklios ... So, according to the order of the emperor Heraklios these Croats took the arms and expel Avars from there, they settled by decree of emperor Heraklios ... where they inhabit now. In that time had the Croats as arkhont (Greek word for: leader, duke, Latin: dux) the father of Porga. Emperor Heraklios had sent and brought from Rome priests, made of them archi-episkops and episkops and presbiters and deacons, and he baptised the Croats. These Croats had in that time arkhont (leader, duke, Latin: dux) Porga." So, according to the emperor Porphirogenetos, Croats/Hrvati came to Dalmatia and to Pannonia and Ilyricum in the time of Byzantine emperor Heraklios (610 -641) as ally of Byzantium fighting against Avars. The land from where Croats came in Porfirogenetos' text is named as magna or White Croatia (Bielo Hrovatia). According to what we know today, Croats lived during the 9th and 10th century in parts of north-eastern Czech, through Silesia, and southern Poland around Krakow. But also chronicle of Nestor from Kiev (12th cent.) mentions Hrvati/Croats as one of nations in ancient Ukraina (9th and 10th century), giving them the place in text between Radimichi and Dulebi/Voliniani, what is area from todays region of Zhitomir and Vinitsa in central Ukraina to the Galič/Halič, south of Lawow (Lviv) around upper Dniester river. Significant is that Croats are named as White ... and what this means? As we know, nomadic horseriders from central Asia stepp area take colors to mark the sides of the world: black is north, red is south, white is west ... and green or yellow is east. It seems that people that wore the name "White Croats" were actually of eastern nomadic stepp origin. Because, if there were "white"/western Croats, somewhere there had to be "eastern", probably original group wearing the name Croats/Hrvati. During the 19th century in the location of ancient Greek colony on river Tanais (today Don river), in the mouth of Don to the sea of Azov (part of Black sea) were discoverd two stone tablets with inscriptions in Greek alphabet, containing the name of the ruller of the city (king having the last name Sauromat, what is actually the form of ethnic name Sarmat) and the list with the names of important citizens. Tanais stone tablets are dated to cca. year 200 AD. Some of the names are clearly Greek and some others are belonging to the group of Iranian languages, among them is written: Horouathos and two times Horoathos (son of Sandarz), which is the form of Croatian ethnic name: Hrvat (sg.) and Hrvati (pl.). Croatian ethnic name today offten comes as a last name, especially in form Horvat. Croatian ethnic name designating country Croatia today in Russian language is: Хорватия [Horvatija] translated into English writing system to be pronounced as: Khorvatiya. In Polish language name of Croatia is: Chorwacja [Horvacja], in English phonology pronounced as: Khorvatsya. In Croatian language itself the name of country is: Hrvatska, and the name of people is: Hrvati. It seems, in conclusion, that original Croats/Hrvati were irano-phonic people (speaking in some of languages from Iranian language familly) in close connection with Sarmatians around river Don and the Black sea. Horvat is also today very frequent last name in Croatia (cca. 8 500 persons), in Slovenia (more than 13 000 persons), in Serbia (cca. 7400 persons), in Romania (3 400), form with marked accent on letter a; in Czech: HorvAt (920 persons), in Slovakia (758), Hungary (746) etc. ... there are also other written forms as: Chorvat (offten in todays Slovakia and Czech); Horwat (500 persons in Poland), Chorwat and so on ... The last name in form: Horvat: in Russia (249 persons), in Ukraina (80 persons), and surprisingly in Uzbekistan (260 persons holding this last name); form: Horuvaty is in Ukraina (13 persons in Kherson oblast), Korvat in Ukraina (50 persons), Karvat in Belorussia (Brest region: 70 persons) etc ...
There was never ever an empire which called itself Byzantine. There was just one small, ancient Thracian settlement called Byzantion at the tip of Eastern Thrace long, long time ago.
@@shawnv123 The Western Roman Empire did, yes, but the Eastern Roman Empire never fell and later went under a new name (the Byzantine Empire). It was still the same kingdom.
heraclius is by far the most tragic. Imagine fighting a 2 decade long war against the persians, finally reconquering the levant and egypt, and losing it all to the arabs a decade later
@@havucadam74 herclius was the roman emperor at the time of Mohammed (عليه الصلاة والسلام) he was kicked out of Syria after khalid ibn al Walid won yarmouk (as far as I remember)
@@havucadam74 Herclius was emperor during the rise of islam the arab caliphate took egypt after a decade he reconquered from the sassanid empire , the ottoman empire didnt exist yet , so he isnt calling the ottoman empire Arab you just dont know the time period very well the ottoman empire conquered egypt which was the mamluk sultanate after the fall of constantinople , egypt wasnt byzantine territory in 1453
@@ΠυθαγόρειονΘεώρημα Greece has been there before the Roman Empire... and Italy is a mix of different ethnicities and people that have invaded the peninsula. Plus No Emperor.
@@ΠυθαγόρειονΘεώρημα Roman Empire is still not dead. So long as Muslim Rome (Turkey) exist, the Roman Empire still lives onwards. HAHAHAHAAHAHAHAHAHAH YOU ARE FUNNY THEO!
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors). Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱): - Justinian I - Justin I - Anastasius I - Marcianus - Valentinian II - Gratian - Valens - Valentinian I - Jovian - Constantius II - Constantine the Great - Maximianus "Herculius - Diocletian - Probus - Aurelian - Quintillus - Claudius II "Gothicus - Hostilianus - Decius Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)" This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men).
Everyone is speaks about the wisdom of Constantine for dividing the Empire in two and moving the capital to Byzantium and gives Justinian so much love for his efforts in reclaiming the West, where is all the love for Basil II? Guy deserves props as well
To anyone wondering why Cyprus' borders were like that from 688 Ad to 875 AD, its because Justinian II and Abd Al- Malik reached an agreement that they would jointly occupy and exercise power over the island.
Ive never seen such a detailed video like this. Normally videos that show every month are ones that show maybe a single war between many nations. But this showed the history of an entire empire in the range of 1,000 years including every MONTH. Very well done!
@@Turtle5454 I believe Byzantium was Rome too, however the people within it in my point of view were the inheritors of the culture. Not the original Romans that inhabited Italy. But either way civilizations evolve regardless. Imagine if Byzantium survived and colonized, making greek speaking colonies around the world.
@@KAI-bk6vb Basically, it goes back to the indo european migrations, the italics all spoke proto-italic upon entering the italian peninsula until they branched into separate tribes such as the latins, umbrians, samnites, lucani, brutii, sicels, etc. They all then branched off and spoke different varients of italic languages, among them was latin. The Italics were essentially the ancient italians. The latins conquering the other italics would be similar to athens hypothetically conquering and unifying the greek world. Latin is an italic culture, just as much as a greek state like sparta was to greece. Now, yes the romans did conquer the Mediterranean sea, and with that they invested in the provinces they conquered and made them romans. However, latin rome started, and ended in italy. So I do not see any point that contradicts that unless you count those successor states that lasted like 2 years but regardless dalmatia was conquered by the kingdom of italy and syagrius's forces were assimilated by the franks. Even after the fall of western rome, italy remained roman, barely anything changed in fact, not until the lombards came in and divided the italians however the gene pool wasnt effected by the minimal amount of lombards that entered. As for the byzantines, well as the natives spoke greek that doesnt mean they were culturally greek. The governmental practices were still of latin roman origin, and even the sporting events and many other byzantine customs were brought through from ancient latin rome. So it really wasnt fully greek, it was a hybrid between latin and hellenic culture. Overall, yes there were romans all over the Mediterranean, I only acknowledge two countries as the two heirs to rome. Italy gets western rome, and all of ancient latin rome, and greece gets the byzantine era, as they were the last to preserve medieval roman culture. Sorry about the essay i was bored.
@@KAI-bk6vb Also if you wanted an exact "roman dna" it would probably be of R1b haplogroup, as that was what the ancestors of the romans carried into the italian peninsula. However, the byzantines on the other hand would lean towards J2. However overall we could basically say R1B and J2 would be the two equals for "roman dna". What makes italy special is it included both, distributed throughout the peninsula. North is more R1B, south is more J2, and central is a hybrid of the two. Edit: I just read up on this now, I believe the exact origin of the ancient latin romans were of the R1b-U152 Haplogroup.
@@KAI-bk6vb Yeah, the title of Rome is a complicated one due to it lasting 2,200+ years. It was bound to pass between other people. But im glad it was passed on to the greeks as they preserved roman civilization and did it well.
@@Thessalonian100 funfact : muhammad sent a letter to heraclius, the letter is an invite to islam. He refused tho. If he converted, the history will be 100% different aswell. There are some theory why he dont want convert. First, from the islamic source, he actually wanted, but he was scared to the Roman people that his reigb will be abdicated.
@@yeasty7742 There's like 0 actual hard evidence that he ever even knew of Islam and what it actually was (most likely, he an his advisors saw muslims as sect of jews. ), not to mention his alleged intensions to convert. The letter (if it actually existed) would almost certainly not reach emperor himself and end up with some of his officials. Reason is simple: no one knew of Muhammad, so his letter would be considered of minor importance and not worthy of emperors attention.
@@imd8875 muhammad actually was popular between arabians, and he sign letters in many places, and not to mention in St. Catherine in Sinai and some letters to severals major leaders in Middle East. I don't say that he knew Islam, this is according to Islamic source, I don't know exactly. But, there some letters that sent to Heraclius. You can search it
@@imd8875 he also known among jews in medina. His tribes also the major tribes in mecca, and also his tribes always go to several places in Middle East in caravan to trade. So, there is possible. And also, Muhammad is one of the members of the Bani Hashim, which is the custodian of Kaabah and leader of Mecca, ofcourse he is well known among people
It's normal that you have no idea since we did such an attack, you didn't even have time to think. I come suddenly one night and add your kingdom to my empire mehmet the conqueror
@@ianlilley2577 nah,it feels like a very harsh wound after the Arab Invasions,and it feels like a slow painfull death after Manzikert and the 4th Crusade
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors). Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱): - Justinian I - Justin I - Anastasius I - Marcianus - Valentinian II - Gratian - Valens - Valentinian I - Jovian - Constantius II - Constantine the Great - Maximianus "Herculius - Diocletian - Probus - Aurelian - Quintillus - Claudius II "Gothicus - Hostilianus - Decius Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)" This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men).
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors). Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱): - Justinian I - Justin I - Anastasius I - Marcianus - Valentinian II - Gratian - Valens - Valentinian I - Jovian - Constantius II - Constantine the Great - Maximianus "Herculius - Diocletian - Probus - Aurelian - Quintillus - Claudius II "Gothicus - Hostilianus - Decius Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)" This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men) .
50:22 the fall of Philladephia in Anatolia Philladephia was sorrounded for 90 years and is regarded as the last greek speaking citiy in Asia. For the Americans that wonder where the name Philladelphia came from. EDIT: It means "brotherly love"
You mean like solely Greek speaking? Because until 1922 and the exchange of populations btw Greece and Turkey, many cities in Anatolia, like Smyrna or Trabzon were massively Greek speaking
@@vanmars5718 Misinformation detected. Greeks and Greek language have never been the majority of Anatolian cities. Trabzon and Izmir were mostly Turkish at that time. Most of Greeks were speaking Turkish because their language was useless at that time. Turkish was the language of ruling class. Anatolian Greeks learned Greek after the population exchange. Actually it clarifies whose culture was superior.
@@hurriyetperver5272 The Greek language was the undoubted majority language of Anatolia starting from the Hellenistic period and accelerating to the medieval period with the Byzantine empire. Under the Ottomans, Greek remained the official language of the Greek Orthodox Church (Ecumenical Patriarchate) which under the Ottomans became the only official church to put all other Orthodox people unde it, Greek was used as a lingua franca in commerce and in civic papers choosen by many ottoman administrators (no matter their ethnic origin). Greek was printed in the ottoman coinage and the major ecclesiastical schools of the empire were Greek. After the 19th century with the Reformations in the Empire, civil schools could be established and the most renowned ones in Izmir, Trabzon, Istanbul etc were the Greek schools in which even wealthy ottoman turks could choose to study (since the empire couldn't yet feel that they needed such civil schools for the muslim population). Anatolian Greeks were Greek speakers in the majority of them. Thus we have the traditional dialects as the Pontic dialect and the Cappadocian dialect and the two major accents/regional tongue as is the Constantinopolitan speech and the Western Anatolian speech (which was heavily influenced how modern Greek pronunciation evolved). The only Anatolian Greek communities which did not spoke Greek were special villages of Cappadocia and the Karamanlis. These two. In cities like Izmir which the Greeks accumulated most of the wealth, even turks had to know Greek and they spoke Greek. I'm not sure what kind of nonsensical information you have and try to spread on a subject that is not even some old ancient history but a modern history which cannot be distorted by some false propaganda.
It’s sad to watch the long history of the Eastern Romans, and see their gradual decline through out the centuries. I think most of us can argue that Byzantine was never the same after the fourth crusade😔
@@09stoneheart ehhh. Okay fair. You’re not wrong, but it was more than just Manzikert. Manzikert was just a battle. The Turks decimated the Romans. Following the battle, Romanos IV tried to retake his throne after being released by Alp Arslan and after yet *another* civil war, the Turks capitalized on Rome’s weakness. Now the 4th Crusade? That shit left a scar in all our hearts. It will never fully heal, bro😒
@@09stoneheart I mean they not only defeated the Seljuks later but vassalized them and the crusaders states. Roman power was still obscenely strong during the Komnenian era and they saw a truly amazing cultural and economic flourishing
Just spend a minute to appreciate the ancient Roman Historians who gave us such records to be able to narrate their history MONTH BY MONTH. Such an exceptional civilisation
Rome as a country lasted from 753 BCE to 1453 CE. The first and last rulers of Rome were named Romulus, and the first and last rulers of Constantinople were named Constantine.
@@_semih_ wierd date. The Nicaean empire was actually expanding in 1250, if you were to say after the crusade in 1204 or during the reign of John V a century later.
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors). Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱): - Justinian I - Justin I - Anastasius I - Marcianus - Valentinian II - Gratian - Valens - Valentinian I - Jovian - Constantius II - Constantine the Great - Maximianus "Herculius - Diocletian - Probus - Aurelian - Quintillus - Claudius II "Gothicus - Hostilianus - Decius Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)" This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men).
@@atomicpower8227 I really love Roman history, I watch all the movies and play all the games about Roman. I even dream that Roman reunite again, continue its romance.
You know that you will never achieve your goal of stealing the Greek byzantine history and make it Part of italian history right? Just to remember that to you.
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ Dream on beach, you know nothing about history and are the guy who is extremly jealous of Greece. Shame on you for existing! But you will never overcome your jealousy, Greece will allways speak Greek like it's past ,its ancesorts the Byzantines🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷.
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors). Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱): - Justinian I - Justin I - Anastasius I - Marcianus - Valentinian II - Gratian - Valens - Valentinian I - Jovian - Constantius II - Constantine the Great - Maximianus "Herculius - Diocletian - Probus - Aurelian - Quintillus - Claudius II "Gothicus - Hostilianus - Decius Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)" This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men).
@@Universal.. Albanians aren't Illyrians lmfao, yall are just 50% DNA from a turk and 1% DNA from a goat, the Illyrians stopped existing long ago, most of the Emperors you listed up were Greek/Thracian and Serbians (non slavic ones of course), or maybe you are a sort of bot, because I refuse to believe a living pearson is as delusional as you, spamming the same cap all over the comments of this video
I am Greek and I have to say that this Is THE BEST video on Byzantine empire I have ever watched. And although not at largest in 1019 the empire was very strong and there was an evolution of art, trading and science.
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors). Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱): - Justinian I - Justin I - Anastasius I - Marcianus - Valentinian II - Gratian - Valens - Valentinian I - Jovian - Constantius II - Constantine the Great - Maximianus "Herculius - Diocletian - Probus - Aurelian - Quintillus - Claudius II "Gothicus - Hostilianus - Decius Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)" This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men)..
@@Universal.. Never said something against you. But Albanians are deriving from late west Paeonians. Though Albanians and Armenians are the closest relatives of greeks existing (there were closer ones extinct).
@@g.kech.10 the gye mention 20 emperors and only Justinian was Emperor of the Eastern /Ronan Empire empire all the rest where in the west any way Greeks claime tge histor since Greek became the official Language of the Empire and nof before around d 600a.d
As a Greek, you should stop referring to it as "Byzantine Empire," since that was a derogatory term invented in the 1600s. They were Greek speaking Romans, that's it.
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors). Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱): - Justinian I - Justin I - Anastasius I - Marcianus - Valentinian II - Gratian - Valens - Valentinian I - Jovian - Constantius II - Constantine the Great - Maximianus "Herculius - Diocletian - Probus - Aurelian - Quintillus - Claudius II "Gothicus - Hostilianus - Decius Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)" This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men).n
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors). Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱): - Justinian I - Justin I - Anastasius I - Marcianus - Valentinian II - Gratian - Valens - Valentinian I - Jovian - Constantius II - Constantine the Great - Maximianus "Herculius - Diocletian - Probus - Aurelian - Quintillus - Claudius II "Gothicus - Hostilianus - Decius Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)" This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men)..
I like how Sardinia just kinda fades away. Really does capture the way historians are unable to draw a line between "roman Sardinia" and "4 independent judicates."
@@sramanakarya Sir you’re saying an outdated narrative from 25 years ago, communications were not cut with the Arabic invasion of Sicily. That has been debunked since the 90s. •The Emperor sent an Orthodox Archbishop to the Island in the 850s who was installed by the Archon, •there was a Greek colony on the island which some historians say migrated there during the fall of Byzantine Carthage and the Iconoclast period. •Greek inscriptions have been found on multiple Sardinian churches dating to the 900s praising the patronage of the Archon who had Byzantine titles like Protospatharos, • In Constantine purpleborn’s de ceremonies written in 956, The Archon of Sardinia is listed among the Empire’s Italian vassals, and there’s a chapter about the chant sung by the Sardinian soldiers in the Palace guard. Etc Etc, while it’s unclear when they left Empire, with the cutoff point being the 2nd half of the 1000s, they were certainly still part of it in the 900s and the beginning of the 1000s still had the Archons speaking Greek, praising their position in the Empire. And yeah, Greek was prevalent among the Archon and Nobility until the early 12th century with a few Greek words entering the Sardinian language during this time. Although Modern historians agree they remained Western Rite Catholics and only used Latin in Church, but Byzantine rule and Greek colonists saw eastern Rite Saints and the practice of Icons/ use of eastern mosaics pop up on the island. 116 Morini “Therefore, as in the Roman duchy, the presence of Greek forms of monastic life (shadowy, yet documented) in Sardinia was without doubt due to phenom- ena of migration. First, the testimonies seem to undoubtedly refer to monastic Greek migration from Africa: Anastasius, disciple of Saint Maximus - we are in the 7th century, in the midst of the Monothelite crisis writes a theological letter from his exile in Crimea to the community (to Koinon) of the monks settled in Cagliari.48 Instead, the monastic migration witnessed by the three Lives of Saint Theodore the Studite (the whole of his hagiographical dossier) has its origin in Constantinople: a posthumous miracle of the saint, set in Sardinia, documents the presence on the island during the mid-9th century of an organized community of anti-Studite Greek monks, a party led (after the death of the Patriarch Methodius, 847) by another Sicilian, Gregory Asbestas of Syracuse.49 Another Greek monastic presence is witnessed by the burial epigraph of a nun called Graeca (Greek also by name!) which can be dated after 787 (by way of an indirect, yet erroneous mention of the 7th ecumenical council) and not later than the beginning of the next century (for paleographic reasons)” Sources: A Companion to Byzantine Italy: Chapter 3, Monastic life and it’s Institutions by Enrico Morini. Chapter 18 Byzantine Sardinia by Pier Giorgio Spanu. Byzantine Sardinia Between West And East Features of a Regional Culture by Salvatore Cosentino. A Companion to Sardinian History 500-1500: Chapter 7, The Sardinian Church by Raimondo Turtas. The Making of Medieval Sardinia: Chapter 1, A historical Introduction by Alex Metcalfe, Hervin Fernandez And Marco Muresu.
@@tylerellis9097 really? But how? Can you tell me, please, when and how the judicates became independent, if you want? (Because the history of Sardinia is very interesting for me but there is little information on the internet about the history of Sardinia)
The Roman Empire lasted from April 21st, 753 BC with the founding of Rome to December 1475, when the Principality of Theodoro was sacked by the Ottomans. The Empire lasted 2,228 years, 4 months, and 21 days.
@Jordan Post I mean I get your point but you're haplessly mixing up 2 things. The empire lasted from 27bc which still makes for some incredible 1450 years. But as much as the Byzantine empire was the direct continuation of the Roman empire, you can't really mix up the cultures because from around 7th century the Eastern Roman Empire had little to do with Latin or Roman culture and was more of a continuation of Hellenistic culture.
The music choice is fantastic! From the powerful, bright music up until Justin II to the ominous tunes during the Roman-Sassanid war of 602-628 right until the closing music it all added to an already phenomenal piece of work.
I just absolutely love the song that starts 4:50. It's composed by Geoff Knorr and is the theme song of the Byzantine Empire in the Civilization 6 game.
*Roman Empire: Η Βασιλεία των Ρωμαίων is the Greek equivalent for the Latin Imperium Romanum, and the English Roman Empire. One should note that the Greek speaking Romans (as opposed to the modern Greeks) did not consider the Greek term Βασιλεύς (and the Arabic Malik) the equivalent of the Latin Rex, or German King, or Slavic Kralj, but that it represented the Emperor. They had always referred to the Imperator as the Βασιλεύς. It was used of the emperors of Antioch and Alexandria, and thus constituted the rank of Sovereign of Kings or Imperator. The Romans divided their empire into a West and East in the 3rd century to better control the Greek East and assuage the Hellenistic feelings for the Seleucid and Ptolemaic empires of Antioch and Alexandria respectively. The empire of Palmyra that sprung up in the 3rd century had shown the Romans that sentiment still existed in the East for the Hellenistic empires. It was Constantine, the Western emperor, who united both East and West empires, and moved the common capital to the city of Byzantium which he renamed New Rome, and history called Constantinople (Constantine's City). Constantinople, New Rome, was the capital of the reunited Roman empire, which then divided up into East and West again after Constantine between his sons. It was united again under Theodosios and Justinian, and never did the Roman empire give up its name or its claim to the territories of the Roman empire in both East and West. No Western Roman emperor was ever recognised, meaning that Constantinople remained the single capital of the Roman empire until 1204 and then 1453.
THIS IS HOW AND WHY THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE BECAME A GREEK EMPIRE: After 230s every free man of the empire became Roman,the name Hellene(greek)was synonymus to idolater and after Constantine the Great we stoped calling our selfs greeks(idolater)and called our self what we were Roman.A common misconception is that Hellene(greek) ment the nation of the Greeks,no in the Middle Ages Hellene meant everyone that worships the old religion and Roman meant the civilized Christian citizen of the Empire. There is the Early Pagan Roman Empire(27BC -330ΑD) and Late Roman Christian Empire(330D-1453AD),Τhis is how the Late Roman Empire became a Greek empire and how Greeks became Roman:In the 3rd century a.d. Rome wasnt the city it was the empire. The Roman empire started at 27B.C. and ended 1453A.D. the only difference is that the greek culture part survive and the latin culture part fell. Rome wasnt a city or the citizens of italy that spoke latin,Rome by then was the civilized world and Roman the civilized man. The reasons that the Greeks are the heirs of Constantine(who was half illyrian half Greek) are: 1. From 300ad Hellene(greek) was the idolater the pagan man that worships the idols so the proud Greek christians didnt call them selfs Greeks instead the called them selfs what they really where Romans( civilized Christian citizens of the Empire). 2. By 500ad all the romans in the west had gone extinct because the barbarians conqered them,the huns commit a genoside on the illyrians and thus the only Romans(civilized people) that now existed were the hellenized citizens of Eastern Rome(the barbarians gave to Emperor Zeno all the titles of the Western empire and recognised his authority over them and him as the only Roman Emperor and his state the only Roman Empire). 3. Up until the 640s the Empire had many nationalities Greeks,Lombards,Armenians,Assyrians,Egyptians and north Africans in Libya all these had 2 things in common they were predomently hellenized(spoke greek and had a greek culture) and all of them were and called them selfs Roman and not by any other name. After 640s and 50s Armenia,Syria,Palestine,Egypt were conquered and by 700 North Africa was finally taken by the muslims so the only Romans(civilized people)of the Empire that were not conqered were the Greeks. Who again didnt call them selfs Greeks because at that time and up until the 12th century Hellene was the pagan the idolater that worships the idols they called them selfs Ρωμαίοι(Romaioi,Romans)and the Greek language was called the Romaic language. 4. By 700A.D. Greeks were 90% of the population of the empire and from that point we can say that the Roman Empire basically became greek at everything(Culture,Language,Population)with only Greeks as its citizens. Again the Greeks called the selfs Romans their language Romaic and their state was the *Empire of the Romans*and the only difference it had from the age of Augustus and Constantine was that it had only one large nationallity instead of many nationalities the empire had before. Last but not least, the Greeks keep calling them selfs Ρωμαίοι(Romans) up until the 20th century and the Greeks that are now in Turkey are not called Yunan(greeks) but Rum(romans) by the Turkish state.Also language change over time the word rigas(ρηγας) equivalent to king was lost in time and only the term basileus stayed. Ancient Greeks,Medevial Greeks and Modern Greeks have differences because of time.
@@Georgios1821 I agree with much of what you are saying, but one must distinguish Greek language speakers and Greek nationality. Even before Alexander the Great the Greek language had penetrated deeply into Asia Minor and was the primary language of trade and communication between peoples. After Alexander's conquest of the East, the language was spread to the borders of India, and became the international language of communication and trade in the Eastern Mediterranean. Greek ethnicity and Greek nationalism were not an aspect that were promoted by or that benefitted the Greek speaking citizens of the Roman empire. Latin speakers were still a majority in Illyria and Dacia, although the southern Slavs replaced the Latins in Illyria. But this was the Roman empire, from East to West, the primary language of which continued to be Greek for trade and communication. The rise of Greek nationalism and the subsequent splitting of this into Greeks and Cypriots is the conscious propaganda effort of the West, because it benefits them. This propaganda really began to be felt in the Greek speaking lands of the Roman empire when the Western crusaders gained control of Constantinople in the 13th century. These new Western rulers did not recognise Constantinople as the capital of the Roman empire, as they had constantly referred to it as the Greek empire and its Greek speaking peoples as Greeks. The eventual overthrow of this Western kingdom of Constantinople and the retaking of the city was undertaken by successor states only within the Greek speaking parts of what had been the Roman empire. Thus, impetus was given to the identification of the Roman empire as the Greek empire and as the Greek state in its final years of decline and disappearance at the hands of the Turks. With the decline of Turkey in the 19th century, the West was very keen to not see a rebirth of the Eastern Roman Empire, and guided Greece away from Russian influence and into the orb of the West, giving the new state of Greece a German king. The creation of Greek nationalism was born through these efforts of the French and British, and then in the 20th century, the British created Cypriot nationalism in order to preserve its control of Cyprus as a military base. In other words, one can see the contradiction of calling the Greek speaking Romans "Greeks" to destroy their self awareness as Romans, but then to limit Greek nationalism from embracing all Greek speakers to call those Greeks speakers living in Cyprus Cypriots and not Greeks. This is just the workings of successful British and French propaganda, which presents itself as friendly to the "Greeks" as in the form of Lord Byron (as opposed to the "bad" Germans), but actually they are promoting their own Western political agenda, which requires the subjugation of the Greeks. When the French and British had control of Constantinople in the 20th century, they did not hand it over to their Greek Masonic friends, but handed it back to the secular Turks. In other words, even those Greeks who were members of the British Masonic organization were discarded in favour of secular Turks simply because they still had some connection with their Roman past. The West advances its agenda with bad cop Germans and good cop French-English, but it's the same Franco-Gothic civilization attempting to absorb the Roman empire into itself. Unfortunately, Modern Greeks have become the mental and cultural footstool of their Western rulers with only the word Byzantine to connect them to their Roman past, which is all but forgotten. Indeed, the word Byzantine is an indication of how the Roman empire has become nationalised into a medieval Greek state in the modern Greek Western European mind. While not true before 1204, it became increasingly a reality towards the end of 1453 as Western propaganda became officially accepted by Constantinople's leadership (such as the Unia) due to the dire situation of the city.
@@Josdamale I agree with you on many things,but Minor Asia was hellenized by the time of Christ,it's people not only spoke greek they had greek culture because hundreds of thousands of Greeks had moved from Greece to the core of Minor Asia and also from the coast.Another thing that we dont know is that after Alexander's death the nobility of the East was changed. Greeks replaced the old nobility and the new founded cities by Alexander and his successors were colonized by Greeks meaning that in the 3rd century BC the east was full of Greeks and subsequently full of Greek culture and that's why Greek culture survived in the East up until the 7th century.The Greeks of the Late Roman Empire after 330 and until 1204 called them self's only Roman because they were the only remaining heirs of Constantine and thats why only Greeks have a claim to Rome cause they were the only unconcerned Romans(civilized people)in the world after 1204 a renaissancewas experienced after the word Hellene became normal and started to gain ground again.The term Hellene didnt exist in the Middle ages, as only a adjective that can destroy your live cause in the Middle ages ment the idolater,the term Greece and Greeks changed in to Rhomania and Romans in the Middle ages. Greek's identity was changed after Constantine they were strong Christian people not some weak idolaters .So if you go back 1000 years ago the equivalent of Greece(Ελλάς) and Greeks(Έλλην) ,to us,was then Rhomania(Ρωμανία) and Romans(Ρωμαίοι).I absolutely agree with you that Greece is the victim of propaganda, because we were concerned by the Turks and we were for the most part illiterate for 400 years we took all of our history from the West and with having german kings for 150 years that as Germans preferred the ancient Greek culture from the medevial one we lost many things and only through our Church we retained some of our history and memories as Roman's.
@@Georgios1821 My friend, I'm just wanting you to see, because I know and understand the Greek mindset very well myself, there are many perspectives on the past, including the view at the time when it was the present, and then the views all through history until our day. Current Greek nationalism is not the equivalent of the Ρωμαίοι 1000 years ago. I wish people continued in the same mindset. But they don't. The word Greek does not replace Roman, nor does the word Byzantine express the historical truth. There has been a change of mindset in our day, and this, unfortunately, is why our Greek brothers don't call themselves Roman and they have forgotten about Constantinople. As one who would consider himself a Ρωμαίος, I can never forget this history, because it still lives in me. I'm sure you know this, but there were many nationalities in Asia Minor all through history, and the Greek language united them. St Basil the Great speaks of their local language in Cappadocia. There were Galatians, Isaurians, Armenians, Georgians, etc, etc. They became a single people with a single language but not under force, as their identity as Romans made them part of the same country whether they were Syrians or Copts, Latins, Slavs or Goths, for whom Greek was not their home language. These were all Romans, and they were still regarded as Romans when the empire lost control over those lands. Belisarios warns his soldiers to respect the local Latins because they are Romans too, and should not be confused with the Arian Goths. This is what it is to be a Ρωμαίος. It is to see that the Roman state has united the East and West, with greater respect shown to the Greek speaking East. Think of how many emperors did not have Greek as their first language. Yes, this changes, but even then you may find Armenians etc becoming emperors. The Roman empire must embrace all peoples who share the heritage, not just modern Greeks. As a Greek, you should see all these brotherly peoples as spiritual descendants of this common legacy. The more you nationalise the Roman empire, the less Roman it becomes, because Roman came to mean multi-ethnic. You can visit the Great Lavra on Mt Athos and standing in the church remember that when this floor was laid, the empire stretched from central Europe to central Middle East, from the Danube to the Euphrates. You must embrace the world inside your Romanism, because it is truly great and universal. No one can question the ascendancy of the Hellenistic language, but there are many other languages too within the Roman state especially Latin, Syrian, Coptic, Slavic, Gothic, etc. Indeed, we must ask why the modern Greeks are creating a modern Greek language, pushing it to become like a Western European language, instead of building up their historical language? With a little bit of effort they can speak Ρωμαϊκά. Build ties with other nations where you celebrate the common heritage of that Βασιλεία των Ρωμαίων. My personal belief is that everyone should learn Greek. Of course.
I watched the whole thing. Best 56 minutes of my life. The music was fitting, it was detailed, you sir did one hell of a job. Also when you changed to 2020 at the end, it made me think, the only thing that could fix 2020 was the sudden rebirth of the roman empire
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors). Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱): - Justinian I - Justin I - Anastasius I - Marcianus - Valentinian II - Gratian - Valens - Valentinian I - Jovian - Constantius II - Constantine the Great - Maximianus "Herculius - Diocletian - Probus - Aurelian - Quintillus - Claudius II "Gothicus - Hostilianus - Decius Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)" This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men)..
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors). Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱): - Justinian I - Justin I - Anastasius I - Marcianus - Valentinian II - Gratian - Valens - Valentinian I - Jovian - Constantius II - Constantine the Great - Maximianus "Herculius - Diocletian - Probus - Aurelian - Quintillus - Claudius II "Gothicus - Hostilianus - Decius Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)" This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men).
Sardinia was slowly lost from the Byzantine Empire: after the Arab conquest of Sicily, communications between Cagliari and Constantinople became impossible and the Byzantine governors gradually became autonomous, giving rise to the "Giudicati".
I love that you let very clear in the description of the video that the "Byzantine Empire" wasn't a thing. That was always the Roman Empire. And the star of the Empire was 27 with Augustus (Constantine the great and Constantine XI were both direct successors of Augustus). The east side became the only part of the Roman Empire after 476.
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ Thanks i appreciated it. I have seen one active debate you have in another comment. I don't want to take part in such fight so i just share my knowledge here with you. To be specific i have seen your debate in the comments about the religion topic about Catholics and Orthodox. I think you miss a couple of things like the fact that both were the same unique and first church. That such church exist before the conversion of the empire to Christianity and the fact that this church did have popes (thing that Catholics continue to have and Orthodox choose not to). Yes the Christians of the west (Catholics) gave their backs to the empire and choose the HRE as their new protector (yes, this Holy "Roman" Empire was neither of those things but was the best way for the church in the west to survive in the scenario that the real Roman Empire was unable to protect them) and the Eastern Christians did remain loyal to the empire but before such split neither Orthodox or Catholics was a thing just the unique and first church of Jesus with teachings in both latin and greek. My point is neither is worth of being called "heresy". One gave its back to the empire and one remained loyal that's it.
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ Yeah i saw your debate and support you on everything but the religious topic since at the end the church of the west was alone after the Roman Empire lost the west and was unable to recover it. To some point what they did is logical in order to survive. And the east side remained loayl to the Roman Empire under the power of the emperor checking them. I just wanna add to your comment. But for the rest. It's always great to see people that knows and defend the historical truth.
Actually, the term Byzantine Empire (or empire in Byzantium) was used by contemporary German scholars to belittle the emperor of Constantinople in order to add legitimacy to their HRE. Also, there's the whole debate of Greeks not being Romans.
@@connormac4401 I know, I know it was used by the HRE. And I'm happy to see more people know about this. I mean the emperor of the HRE and the Roman Empire they even refused to call each other Roman Emperor. In the end, was very basic but effective propaganda by the HRE more than 100 years after the Roman Empire was defeat at the hands of the Ottomans (so it wasn't something so contemporary). And the last Romans were greek speaking Romans. Being Roman did star as a group/tribe term but evolved to be the nationality/identity of the free citizens of the Roman Empire without caring that much about race or ethnicity. And also according to the writings of Pompey even by the time of the republic the Roman Civilization was very Hellenized by the Greek City-states. In the end, the culture of the empire was Greco-Roman. Pagan or Christian but always Greco-Roman.
@@PterarchosAeroporias525 Byzantion was an ancient Greek colony, on which the city of Constantinople was built. The founder of Byzantion, Byzas, was son of King Nisos of Megara.
@@PterarchosAeroporias525 the whole known world was under Roman rule at the time that didn’t stop them from keeping there national identity’s and that part of the world was mostly Greek, as Greeks and Romans have shared a very similar culture they respected each other, yes some Greek kingdoms went to war with the Romans, Macedonias, Spartans and others didn’t, Athenians chosen a more political approach. So you are a Greek, that I doubt very much if you are saying that Constantinople was never Greek?
@@PterarchosAeroporias525 I didn’t say your a Turk, just a Turk seed, which is worse, don’t matter where you come from, if your disputing the Greeks of Asia Minor your not worthy to be called Greek.
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors). Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱): - Justinian I - Justin I - Anastasius I - Marcianus - Valentinian II - Gratian - Valens - Valentinian I - Jovian - Constantius II - Constantine the Great - Maximianus "Herculius - Diocletian - Probus - Aurelian - Quintillus - Claudius II "Gothicus - Hostilianus - Decius Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)" This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men)..
Basil II the Baptiser of the Rus and the leader of the Varangian Guard of the Rus. When Basil II used the Rus in his battles he increased the size of his state, but after him the Roman empire declined in using the Rus as its mercenaries, and relied instead on Normans and Franks, and that's when the decline set in. The Roman empire was made great by Basil by his baptism of the Rus in 988 and his use of their mercenaries. The modern Greek reliance on the French and British has been their vain demise into mental slavery and nationalism, and has led to the collapse of their identity as Romans part of the multi ethnic Roman state based in Constantinople that stretches from Central Europe to the central Middle East. The British and French can betray the Greeks all they like, and the Greeks will still crawl up to kiss their feet as if they are their saviours rather than their oppressors. Sing of Lord Byron, wave your US inspired flags, and watch the Anglo-Americans use the Turks and Germans to subjugate the Greeks and use them against the Russians. Watch the Greeks treat their true friends as enemies, and treat their true enemies as friends. They have forgotten their baptised spiritual children, and have handed them over to destruction.
@Basil II of Macedon the Vardaskan slayer Why would I be offended? It makes perfect sense for Basil to extend his influence by such a marriage, as the Rus were baptised by him, which makes him their godfather, and at that time they were the largest country (territorially speaking) in Europe. Both the Rus and the Romans enjoyed resurgent strength in the 10th and 11th centuries, and both unfortunately declined in the 12th and 13th centuries. From the 11th century, we see Roman emperors employing Norman mercenaries instead of the Rus Varangian Guard, and bringing Turkish mercenaries into Thrace. Stupidity. This self defeating madness is what led the Romans to allow the crusaders into their city in 1203/4, and that was the end of their civilization. The Rus, on the other hand, repelled the crusader Teutonic knights and then the Turkish Tartars, and did not stop conquering the East all the way until they reached the far West in Alaska. The greatest mistake of Tsipras, and a grand useful idiot he was, was to antagonise friendly Russia at the behest of his Western masters and debt collectors. Basil II was great and worked with the Rus, and that was their joint greatness.
@Basil II of Macedon the Vardaskan slayer I think one can take it spiritually and symbolically that Moscow is the Third Rome, but it is very hard to do that literally, because it never took on the identity of being Roman instead of Russian, nor did it officially change its name. The German empire went all the way to literally claim to be the Holy Roman empire - fortunately, the Russians never followed this delusion. It was, in fact, more than a century after the fall of Constantinople that the Russian sovereign took on the title emperor, but emperor of the Russians not the Romans, and the city of Moscow always officially remained Moscow. The Roman Senate did not move to Moscow, nor did a Roman emperor grant the title of Roman emperor to a Russian Grand Prince. I am not claiming what should or should not have happened, merely stating what did happen and the known facts. Spiritually, Moscow is the Third Rome, and the Russian state is a godchild, witness and spiritual heir of the Christian Roman empire. If Moscow wants to call itself literally the Third Rome then it must officially change its name and do so, and the Russian Federation can change its name to whatever it wants. But I don't think that is the greater point. The greater point is that persons who share the common spiritual heritage of the Christian Roman Orthodox empire should maintain this heritage and serve their interests by maintaining friendly relations with one another, rather than working to undermine one another, and thereby serve the interests of the modern West and its claim to be the heir of Greece and Rome. The dictum of the Roman empire was united we stand, divided we fall. That is my point. Be wise and maintain your common interests, and don't work to undermine one another or to spread mistrust. In fact, I would even welcome the West, whether Gothic-Latin or Anglo-Frank into the world of the Christian Roman Orthodox, if they wish. I would welcome everyone into this world, because as a Roman, politically speaking, I am a true universalist. Everyone should learn Greek besides for their own national language. We can all share the glory and celebrate it.
I took the time to watch the whole thing. It was 100% worth it. It all makes it even more sad when you just look at it and see that after Justinian's death, the empire just slowly declines, with a few "restorers" along the way, such as Basil II., Alexios I. and maybe Michael VIII. I also think they were in a very difficult position over their entire 1000-year lifespan, as they were never really in the position to attack, but just to defend and defend and try not to die
It's important to realize that Basil II, Alexios I, and Michael VIII weren't restorers by themselves, but were either the beginning or end of a long period of restoration for the Empire. Basil II's reign, for example, was the culmination of over 150 years of restoration that had begun in 867 with the accession of Basil I as Emperor. The same can be said for Alexios, who started a new period of restoration that would last for over 50 years after his death up until the end of Manuel I's reign. Ultimately, the Byzantines spent almost as much time in restoration as they did in decline.
@@GloryToTheUnitedStates6037 Then why did Saint Paul write his Letters to Romans in Greek? Why did the Romans have Greek Schools of oration in Rome, along with the Latin ones, the latter of which they had closed in the Social Wars? Why were the Romans so presintent in their old Arcadian Greek descendance, which they attested alot? I have asked you these questions elsewhere, yet you refused to answer, perhaps for not having arguements to come up with.
@@GloryToTheUnitedStates6037 And you are that idiot who would not answer to my agruements on why they were, based on their own attestments which are backed by archaeologic discoveries. Seems you had no counterarguments.
@@GloryToTheUnitedStates6037 What an inverted cysthus of a cinaedus you are. First you mock me, but then you shut up because you have nothing to say, right? What a fine piece of work you are...
This and the video from Kayra atakan about the Ottoman is mind blowing. Both are possibly the best mapping video in history. However I like kayra atakan video more because it is more detailed and better choice of music. Once again great video man!
@@ΡωμαϊκόνΠύρ Rums aren't really roman they are just Anatolian Greeks. Yes a part of them are indeed Romans but not all. In fact in Turkey we sometimes use the word Rum which means Roman for Greek people from Greece. It's really confusing.
@@ΡωμαϊκόνΠύρ the eastern Roman Empire did many bad tings to the other tribes in Anatolia, they mostly attacked Turkish tribes and most of there emperors were evil just like any empire at that time
@@GloryToTheUnitedStates6037 when the western Roman Empire was collapsing, the eastern Roman Empire really didn’t give a shit about them. They only wanted to be stronger than the western Roman Empire and in the 1200’s they begin to lose a lot of territory from the Turks from the tribe of Kayi tribe (which will become the Ottoman Empire) the byzantines did many cruel things to a lot of different people and their cultures, they allied with the mongol empire to do more destruction,the Byzantine empire is nothing but cruelness and evil. They weren’t even Roman they made themselves changed completely over the years.
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ the government was the worst, they spreader the Black Death in the 1200’s in Anatolia and in europe, in the 1400’s the IRC’s killed half of europe
The name "Byzantine Empire" is not correct, it's given by historians centuries after it disappearance. The original and true name is Eastern Roman Empire or Greek-speaking Roman Empire.
@@MagisterMilitumBelisarius5365 I agree that calling the Roman Empire(what's left of it) Byzantine is wrong, but it's a historical convention by now and merely another example of how orientalism redefines the east (Greece).
@@MagisterMilitumBelisarius5365 As far as I know, Imperium Romanum hasn’t been used as an official name by any state since the death of Romolus Augustulus. Not to be confused with Romanoi. Which does not translate to Romanum. Or Romania, which does not translate to Imperium Romanum. Neither Romanoi or Romania were ever used within the western roman empire, and as far as I know, didn’t come to use until the 6th century AD.
The idea that Byzantium was terminally in decline is a huge misconception. Generally speaking, the Eastern Romans experienced growth over the course of 330-568, 786-1026, 1090-1143, 1154-1180, and 1212-1270; which is the majority of their reign.
Because when you say Romans, internet kids only think is Italy. That's why western historians created a new terminology to the Hellenic and hellenized east Roman empire
@@skylinelover9276 It's actually the result of thousands of years of propaganda. Charlemagne and every Emperor since styled themselves as the heirs of Rome - it was a huge thing to them, up until Napoleone really - and you couldn't very well be the heir of something that was still ongoing, then add the Pope and the schism, and there you get the Eastern Roman Empire usually getting the short end from the West.
This video is why I am on RUclips ! The music, the animation, the details are why this channel is the best mapping channel, in my opinion ! This is (almost) perfect, because unfortunately I noticed two mistakes in the first six minutes : - Ancyra is mispelled (Anycra). - Emperor Zeno (474-491) is forgotten, instead we have Leo II.
Merci pour tes remarques très pertinentes ! Concernant Ancyra, j'ai tout simplement - et malencontreusement - mixé la version française et celle anglaise du terme, ce qui a donné Anycra. C'est effectivement une erreur. Quant à Zénon, le logiciel de rendement de vidéo a fait défaut quelque part et Zénon a - malencontreusement aussi - été masqué.
All the respect to the Kommenid dynasty, they fought very hard to restore the unity of Greece and Anatolia and the survival of eastern christianity, but the internal strife, the constant betrayals, the military coups, the toxicity of religious circles triggered disasters like the massacre of latins and the fourth crusade, these situations made everything worse, the papacy acted with mala fide, the "franks" acted like hyaenas, venetians could have helped but they didn't, plus the insidious of attacks of the muslims hastened the work, arabs could be managed, but turks were a curse, the byzantine realm death was an execution by a thousand cuts.
They did but they brought one big problem in thier time u must be genius emperor like them to survive or u will be done just like the Anglos dynasty also manual wasted to much time and second crusade from 1147 ad to 1175 she should have focus only on Anatolia to kick the suljk turks out from Anatolia
I am not going to blame anyone for the Fourth Crusade except the Romans themselves, Andronikos I and Alexios IV needs to be rememebered as the worst cunts of Roman history because of the consequences of their action The Latins raping the city and the Ottomans reigning supreme was a direct consequence of choosing factionalism and petty self interest over the interests of all the Empire
@@densizdebiz3079 he wasn't black but interestingly according to William of Tyre he was nicknamed 'the Moor' by some because he had a darker complexion than usual.
No :) İ just like a brave foe more than coward friend. Because their job was very hard. They were not fighting against strong crowded. They were fighting against a math, engineering master (2. Mehmet)
@@lyonvensa Be sure many Turks are aware that. Reality does not consist of the cheap lies of "formal history". Last Roman Emperor died with a sword in his hand. Respect. If you look through the "other side", you can see that the Byz had finished its era. Majority of the population was Turks on Eastern Roman lands, and they were people with strong "state-establishing". If Timurlane hadn't shaken the Ottomans, this conquest would have taken place in early 1400s.
@Türkiye Forever 1)Thessaloniki is not in Thrace 2) Thrace was Greek before Muslim population settled 3) Turkic tribes belong to Ural Mountains and Mongolia
Byzantine term was crafted by westerners to differentiate Roman history split from Rome itself in the east. Taken from Byzantium. It has nothing to do with "Greek medieval history". Greeks were just one of the many ethnicities living under Roman rule.
@V C No, they didn't even exist in political terms back then as they called themselves "Romans". The main ethnic differentiation was between Romans and Barbarians which, in time, got absorbed into the Empire.
@V C language is a thing, ethnicity is another. It's like saying English is spoken everywhere in Europe, there are large british communities in France and Germany hence Britons are the dominant ethnicity in Europe. That's very far away from reality.
@V C not at all. There were Macedonians and many other peoples which started to speak a greek like tongue since Alexander's conquests. Greece has always had a rather small population and many of major cities in the Byzantine Empire, including Byzantium, boomed in population only when migrations kicked in.
@V C Macedonians were not Greeks and this is why the Macedonian Empire is so named and not Greek Empire by all historians. What is more important between culture or blood is debatable, regardless culture doesn't provide political dominion. I wouldn't say Americans are Englishmen just because they speak English. If you don't take into account culture's limits you may end up with a very inaccurate conclusion. They were not Greek by blood aside from a small portion of the Empire.
9:19 565CE = territoral peak. That's as close to old Roman empire as it got. Although they started losing territory bit by bit, I think killing emperor Maurice was the beginning of their major downfall. Sure they survived for almost a millennia, but from that point on, they had no more chance of becoming as dominant as the old Rome again.
Even without the same territorial extent, they still ruled the Mediterranean for lengthy periods of time even after the VIth century AD. Most of the time, when they lacked military might, they made up with masterful diplomacy. Alexios and Manuel Komnenos are clears examples of this.
@@Ncladus Justinian chose the wrong Justin to succeed him. He should've chosen the son of Germanus. The Justin that Rome got was arrogant & betrayed the Lombards in a conflict with another Barbarian tribe, so the Lombards basically "Okay, fine. Italy is ours then"
@@iDeathMaximuMII To be fair though, his death witness, Callinicus probably fabricated Justinian's last words in order to secure his political ally (Justin II)'s position. Justin II was already in Constantinople while the son of Germanus was at the frontiers. I think Justinian wished for the son of Germanus to be his successor.
It's called the Roman Empire, not Byzantine. The Byzantine never referred to themselves as "Byzantine" and even the enemies of the Eastern Roman Empire called them "Romans"
They did kind of gradually transition from a Roman Empire, the eastern half of the Roman Empire, a wholly Greek Empire, a very small Greek Empire, essentially just Greece and then a Greek City state.
Since empire was left a surplus during the reign of Anastasius I in the early sixth century, Justinian used this opportunity to try to attempt the "Restoration of the empire", it mostly worked but it left the empire overstretched and wasted several resources (plus the Plague of Justinian)
@@williamsantos9471 they should have just made the ostrogoths a buffer rump state in northern Italy to deal with the Lombards and give the Lombards territory as a de-facto vassal to resemble some sort of freedom Italian front solved
That was a good video. Showed a long time line of changes and arrivals in different areas. Even in the region of today’s Spain and Portugal. Even shows the arrival of Serbia in the Balkans in the year 1018. Even focused on different areas along the way. Nice work.
Roman Kingdom = Beginning of a great Saga. Roman Republic = The awesome Sequel. Roman Empire = The amazing Trilogy. Western Roman Empire = The Terrible Sequel. Eastern Roman Empire = A Good Spin-off. Holy Roman Empire = Bootleg Knock-off version.
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ the only thing HAHAHAHA ok. Religion and language are the two most important things in a population! What else do you want? And Byzantines lived in the area of ancient and Modern Greece so the romans as they called themselfes were Greeks without acknowiliging that. But their ethnicity was Greek since they spoke Greek and had the Greek religion. Stop this shit. The byzantine empire belongs to the Greek history not to the italian.
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ Greek language became Part of the roman empire due to the invasion of Greece. But this doesnt make it a Roman thing. It still is Greek. Also what does connect a population? A place where they live together and a language with which they interact. But also a God or something that they whorship together. Am I right? And if you look at the area the Byzantine empire clearly is in the old Greeks land. The old religion of the Romans also came from the Greeks, they only changed the name of the Gods.
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ nope. At the beginning of the Christinization in the Roman empire ,Greece was hardly affected. Big Parts of the East were allready Christians by themselfs (Greeks mostly) and rejected to accept Dodekaism though this was illegal. The Name Theodosius by the way is Greek Not latin. It means Godgiven. You see in Makedonia there was the first European-Greek christian community ever. And it was founded by Greeks. In Philippi Makedonia.
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors). Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱): - Justinian I - Justin I - Anastasius I - Marcianus - Valentinian II - Gratian - Valens - Valentinian I - Jovian - Constantius II - Constantine the Great - Maximianus "Herculius - Diocletian - Probus - Aurelian - Quintillus - Claudius II "Gothicus - Hostilianus - Decius Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)" This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men)..
*Description of the Eastern Rome Empire* 1:52 / Rome's divided eastern and western since 'Theodosius I' died. His son 'Arcadius' has inherited eastern Rome. But he doesn't interest in political and military part and hands over to Guard Captain, Empress. 2:04 / Emperor Theodosius II' built a massive scale defense wall(Theodosius City Wall) to surround Constantinople cities and protect them. Also, he expelled all Paganism include Ancient Roman polytheism, and announced a new law book 'Codex Theodosianus. 5:20 / Garrison captain 'Flavius Odoacer' forcibly dethroned the last emperor, and Western Rome collapsed. He returned the emperor title to Eastern Rome. 6:19 / Emperor "Anastasius I" has reformed the way of taxation into Currency(Gold-coin) and reduced administrative corruption. Due to improved empire finance, more citizens enlisted as military soldiers with a salary increase. Before his death, he left 2.300 million Nomisma coins (320,000 pounds of gold), and that amount equal to a 3-year budget. *7:53** / Emperor 'Justinian I' expanded territory to rebuild Ancient Rome. Also, he established an absolute monarchy by suppressing Nika's Rebellion. But, the began bubonic plague from Egypt Harbor spread into all empire territory suddenly. In a metropolis, empire populations rapidly reduced to 40%, and five thousand people dead in Constantinople each day. Necessarily, the empire faced massive financial deficits by tax revenue was reduced. He raised the tax rate for maintaining at war(Ostrogothic Kingdom) in the Italian region and cut off the budget of each region's garrison(Comitatenses). Due to such measures, the empire fell into debt and became allowed that Persian or Islamic invasion.* 9:55 / His rule falls in enormous financial deficit because his father left a huge debt. On the border region of the empire, many neighboring tribes & kingdoms invaded, including Lombard, Arabs, Sassanids, and he became psychotic with losing control. 10:31 / Emperor 'Maurice' enforced an austerity policy like festivals canceled to improve the chronically accumulated financial deficit with a massive pandemic. But, empire military organizations were dissatisfied and caused rebellaion against him. He was murdered by the general's "phocas" hand. 11:25 / Emperor 'phocas' doubts frequently and killed many competent generals through a ruthless political purge. Sassanid Persia declared war against Rome and invaded internal land in several ways. The defense system of the empire collapsed, Syria, Egypt, Armenia, Cappadocia, Patagonia, Galatia fell by enemy hand. Carthage governor 'Heraclius' led a military coup unavoidably and marched into capitals. Eventually, he was executed brutally. 11:44 / In a desperate situation, Emperor "Heraclius" rebuild broken Rome troops by gathering all Orthodox Church property. He breakthrough their siege and have crushing victory against Sassanid Persia army lead who' Shahrbaraz(شهربراز)'. He captured their capital "Ctesiphon" and ended the war. But, he had defeats against Islam forces at the battle of Yarmouk and lost Syria & Egypt province. 13:27 / He faced Islam invade from all sides. In 642, Alexandria city of Egypt, and In 643, Armenia felled, and In 647, Cappadocia invaded. Also, He arrested the Rome Pope and expelled him with the opposite opinion about empire faith integration. He tried to move capitals into Syracuse from Constantinople, but he died by servant's hand. 15:27 / Roman Empire fell into confusion for 20 years. Emperor seats frequently changed, and many emperors were crowned and expelled by frequent military coups. During this time, empire tax revenue reduced to 2 million or 2.5 million from 8 million coins because Egypt, Syria, and Carthage lost. Also, All historical records disappeared and increased Illiterate. *16:38** / Umayyad caliphate set offensive target into Constantinople and began to massive invasion, to sentence Rome's end. 120,000 Islamic troops were passed through Anatolia and surrounded capitals Constantinople. Emperor " Leo III" has faced them with a massive wave of aggression and prepared a total war. They attempted to block the food supply that was incoming into Constantinople. But Rome's navy repelled them. Also, the Bulgarian surprise attacked their camp, and most Islam troops died from Hypothermia or starvation. Rome saved the European world from the Islamic invasion and have praise from the kingdom of the franks.* 18:15 / In 745 to 747 years, a massive plague (bubonic plague) outbreak once again. A 30% died among the whole population, and the noble aristocratic clans that remained in ancient Rome disappeared by this pandemic. Emperor 'Constantine V' enforced iconoclasm and impounded monastic property for national fiscal improvement from the pandemic. 20:26 / Empress Irene of Athens' she has ignored Rome's citizen opinion and attempted to marry Charlemagne of the kingdom of the franks. Empire citizens couldn't allow that rootless and ignorant barbarian Frankian king and caused Coupdetat against Empress. Empire Senate made forced resign her, expelled to the outside. 20:40 / He ascended the imperial throne instead of Irene with the origin of Ghassanid Kingdom royal families. He abolished tax reduction to the church for enactment improvement. Also, he abolished sending tribute policy into the Abbas dynasty. Caliph "Harun al-Rashid" felt anger and sent 140,000 troops into Anatolian Peninsula and sacking their province. He has kneeled and promised to send tribute again. July 24, 811, He fell into traps and died at the 'Battle of Plisca', and his skulls became plated drink glass that Bulgarian Khan "Krum" uses. 21:01 / Emperor 'Leo V' he betrayed in the battle with his troops against Bulgaria and was crowned with an Internal coup. He suggests meeting Bulgarian Khan "Krum" and have tried assassination to kill him with an arrow. Unfortunately, he escaped alive even though have been shot by an arrow and led their troops to invade and plunder nearby cities and villages of Constantinople, was massacred 10,000 Adrianople citizens. When Krum died from wound sepsis, their invasion stopped. He was murdered by who his loyal general "Michael" during divine Liturgy. 21:30 / Emperor 'Michael ll' was faced with a massive rebellion caused by General 'Thomas, because of his low legitimacy. Rebel leader 'Thomas' and their forces pressured Constantinople and signed an alliance with the Abbas caliphate. But, the Theodosius City Walls defended their attacks, and main troops repelled them. A massive rebellion ended, and 'Thomas' was executed. In 816, 15,000 Andalus Muslims across the Mediterranean Sea occupied Crete island. 21:38 / He cut the nose of Admiral of Sicily 'Euphemius' due to a trivial woman problem. He announced independence and have entered under the governance of the Islamic emirate located in the Maghreb. Empire couldn't suppress the rebellion with the distance problem, abandoned dominion of the island of Sicily. 23:04 / He was afraid about extending the influence of the Catholic religion into eastern Europe. He invaded Bulgaria province and demand converting religion as Orthodox Church, not Catholic. Bulgaria Khan 'Boris I' couldn't refuse that offer due to the dizzying domestic situation. A lot of Bulgarians began to believe, with established Parish in Bulgaria. 22:39 / He became the emperor at 15 age. But he doesn't interested in state affairs and fell into Luxury and drinking. Later, He murdered by general "Basil I" hands. 24:05 / Emperor 'Basil I' was born a healthy Macedonian farmer and ignorant. Nevertheless, he opened the Macedonian dynasty (867~1057). He began to care about managing in the Italian province that there forgotten long, was sent a positive gesture into the Western European world. Also, he recaptured Otranto, Bari-cities in the south Italian region that was ruled by Muslims. 26:15 / Constantine VII" ascended to the imperial throne too young age. He couldn't stop who political power abuse of Patriarch Nicolaos. Also, he can't join in empire's rule due to his mother's regent directly. When he grew up to be an adult, he shared power with co-emperor 'Romanos I' and supported his policy like the farmers' protection policy. 28:43 / In the 10 century, eastern Rome captured an opportunity to expand territory into both sides, with the Abbas dynasty collapsed and Bulgaria civil war. Emperor" Nikephoros II" attacked Hamdan Dynasty and successfully captured the Cilicia region. March 6, 961, He recaptured Crete island from Muslims for just 100 years. Summer of 965, he led 40,000 troops and recaptured Cyprus Island. But he has a self-righteous and arrogant personality, was despises neighboring nations. Monastery, peasants, merchants were dissatisfied with his frequent overseas expedition and tired in burden it. He was murdered brutally by generals John I Tzimiskes'. 28:58 / Slavic leader 'Sviatoslav I' led 50,000 troops and invaded the empire inside. He defeats them with the Ambush tactic and tracks until the Bulgarian province. Surrounded the Veliki Preslav castle and have gained their surrender. In July of 973, Patama dynasty troops captured Amida and massacred Rome troops. He led troops and recaptured Amida and Antioch by retaliatory action. Palestine, Syria, Lebanon province returned to Eastern Rome just in 300 years, since Heraklios retreat there. But he died of diseases like typhoid, malaria while returning.
*31:38** / Basil II ascends to the imperial throne at 18 age. When his early reign, frequent civil wars shakes up his legitimacy. Above all, the civil war of Phokas(August 15, 987) is divided west and east, denied his rule legitimacy squarely, threatened his regime. He faced the greatest crisis and brought Varangian mercenary as conditions of sending his daughter into the Principality of Kyiv. Six-thousand brave Varangian troops repelled them, and the civil war ended. His regimes solidified and impounded all feudal lands owned by Anatolian nobilities’, and distributed them to the peasants’ class. July 29, 1014, In the Battle of the Kleidion, he defeated the Bulgarian Khanate and destroyed them. Their troops absorbed into Bulgarian theme. Before his death, the Rome empire stocked up 90-ton gold ($169.4 billion) with enormous financial improvement.* 31:57 / Emperor "Constantine IX" kept a stable domestic political state, and have succeeded in achieving the goal of Constantinople citizens' support. Also, he blocked a rebellion of Anatolian military nobilities. He extended senate seats and granted new opportunities to join in central politics for a merchant, local aristocratic. In 1047~1054, Seljuk Turks began to invade in Anatolian Peninsula, and it's brought pressure to the financial soundness of Rome with increased armament budgets. During his reign, all reserved golds became exhausted and began to enter into a national deficit. After his wife Zoe died, the Macedonian dynasty(Μακεδονική Δυναστεία) ended. 33:33 / Emperor "Michael VI" was a capable senior servant. Since he ascended the imperial throne, was followed the former emperor's policy and have stabilized domestic politics. But, Anatolian military nobilities were unsatisfied with his policy. Their leader 'Isaac I Komnenos' caused a military coup against him and marched into capitals. He didn't want to see bleed a Roman soldier and have resigned himself. 33:34 / Anatolian military aristocrats 'Isaac I Komnenos' was the founder of the Komnenos dynasty. He ascended the imperial throne with military coups, but he lost citizens' supports with rapidly increased taxation to improve the fiscal deficit. After, he became resigned forcibly by whose demands of aristocrats and citizens. *34:04** / Seljuk Turks have victory against a fight with Buwaih Dynasty (آل بویِه ) and took massive territory, including Mesopotamia, Iran, Syria. Meanwhile, the Rome empire fell confused as frequent military coups. Turks came into Anatolian Peninsula like an enormous wave, collapsed the Armenia defense line. In August 1071, Emperor" Romanos IV" led 70,000 troops and fought Seljuk Turks. While a battle, nobles of Dukas house led troops were escaped in battlefield suddenly, and Romanos IV became captive by Turks. Rome fell into civil war once again, and there was no existed garrison to protect Anatolia Peninsula due to disarmament and losses of military strength. As a result, Turks occupied most regions in the Anatolian Peninsula like an ebb tide.* 34:20 / Incompetent emperor 'Michael VII Doukas' abandoned national defense of empire and watched their invasion lethargic. Emperor's authority fell to the ground and became an object of ridicule from Citizens, and each regional governor caused a rebellion. Constantinople Senates imprisoned him in a monastery with forced resignation. *35:18** / In a terrible and desperate situation, emperor "Alexius I" ascended the imperial throne and opened the Komnenos dynasty once again. He enforced new currency reform by distributing the Hyperpyron coin to rebuild shattered empire troops. The new coin uses as payment means for taxation, and currency chaos disappeared with increasing coin purity of 7/8. He wrote a letter that Rome Pope to request sending Western European mercenaries. But, that request unexpectedly turns into a 60,000 Crusader expedition, and it's become a big worry for the emperor. Autumn 1116, at the Philomelion battle, he achieved victory against Seljuk Turk's leader “Malik-Shah I" and recaptured several cities on Anatolian East Coast, including the Nicea, Ephesus, Smyrna. He bequeaths the stabilized empire to his son and died 62 age.* 37:42 / Emperor "John II" ascended the imperial throne. He extended territory until Antiochian Province to restore the lost Anatolian Peninsula. Also, he built a fortress in Major cities and reinforced walls to prevent the Rum Seljuk Turk invasion. Pechenegs tribe invaded the empire and sacked Rome's village. He gave many treasures to them and earned time for the coming of main troops. In the Beroia Battle, the empire troops suddenly attacked their camp middle of the night and killed them all. He has shot by a poison arrow while hunting and died from sepsis. 39:36 / During his reign, Rome citizens extended cultural exchange with Europeans but, Anti-Western European sentiment increased against Rome citizens' view. In the 12 century, Western European civilization systematized and developed, and it's changed 180 degrees traditional Rome worldview that has known Europe as a barbarian. Emperor Manuel I' tried to marriage frequently with the European kingdom than the previous generation to prevent European invasion. Diplomatically, he restored most of Anatolia territory, except Inland, and extended the influence until Hungary. But, he wastes the 2.16 million gold-coin in military expeditions to South Italy. Even Military expeditions to Cairo with the united crusaders failed. Also, he loses a chance to oust Turks in the Anatolian Peninsula at the Myriokephalon battle. He worried about the next succession and died at 60 age. 40:09 / Little brother "Andronikos I" took the imperial throne and killed his brother son 'Alexios II'. Western Europeans, senior-servants families, empire officials were slaughtered by his ruthless tyranny and became a good excuse for the aggression into the empire. Sicilian Norman Knight landed their land and occupied the metropolis 'Thessalonica' and have massacred Romans. Constantinople citizens and senate fell in panic and have fury his inadequacy and tyranny. Sicilian Norman Knight marched where nearby Constantinople and threatened the empire's national defense. Angry citizens dragged him and killed him with amputating arms and legs, making crown seat Isaac II instead. 40:47 / He sold officials-seat like a vegetable marketer for armament replenishment purposes. Especially, he collected heavy taxes viciously against Bulgarian peasants. Spring of 1186, Angry Bulgarians caused rebellion and took all their province. Eventually, they rebuilt the Second Bulgarian kingdom through independence and escape from empire rule. Also, Armenians built an independent kingdom in Cilicia province in Southeast of Anatolia. Corruption, a conflict between Westerners and Eastern Romans, repeated defeat in the war with Bulgaria, heavy taxation is brought citizens angry, and his eyeball was plucked and into jail by his brother "Alexios III". 41:14 / He attempted to return the diplomatic direction of Emperor Manuel's age. But, each local province already escaped central government control, and tax collectors were afraid of collecting the tax when local dispatch. Meanwhile, Alexios IV(son of Isaac II ) has requested attacks on Constantinople to the crusaders and promised to payment immense rewards as a condition to regain the regime. In 1204, crusaders & Venice troops captured Constantinople, and Alexios IV became emperor with their help. But, there was no money left, and demanded high taxation for citizens, to pay compensation. Anger citizens killed him and refused the Crusaders' requirements. *41:24** / In 1204, Crusaders and Venice navy attacked Constantinople and occupied Rome's capital. For three days, all Emperor's tombs were destroyed by European Crusaders hands, and Cultural Heritage burned, including the Blachernae palace(τὸ ἐν Βλαχέρναις Παλάτιον). A lot of art and relics in the Orthodox Church became plundered. Crusaders collected 8 million Hyperpyron coins (Rome coin)with sacking.*
Great work!!! I didn´t knew, that the term "Byzantine" was invented in the 16th century. Of course I knew, that the official name was "Romane Empire" as for the Frankish Empire under Charlemagne and the Holy Roman Empire (German Empire or better German Federation). Very accurate and detailed work, a masterpiece, Thank you very much!!!❤❤❤
RIP Roman Empire 27BC - 1204AD “Envied by all and betrayed by those who called her ‘friends’. May she live on in the hearts of us and all who would pretend to be her.”
@@kingtryfon5702 Byzantine is a term a German catholic made up 100 years after it fell. This was to “soften” the FACT they were called “Romans” by the Latins and Muslims, and cover up Pope’s involvement with 1204 and to give more credence to the Holy Roman Empire which they knew they had no real Roman claim. History is written by the victor and ultimately the Romans fell to Turks and Latins, hence their retelling is the first we hear.
@@rockstar450 and that is why the great western powers did not want the liberation of the Greeks, and they never allowed them, to take back Constantinople... let's say it all...
Great video but one little issue, Leo ll became emperor in January 474 and then died in November of 474 at the age of 7 and Zeno took over because he became co-emperor before his sons death. I mention it because his portrait pops up again after Basiliscus’s one, was probably just a mistake on the editing part but just thought I’d point it out. Zeno was in charge till 491.
No, it is the Roman Empire. The division of the Empire did not establish two entities called the West and East Roman Empire, both of them were still the Roman Empire. The primary division was the empire was ruled by two emperors instead of one, started by the Tertrarchy and continuing until the fall of the Western half. The citizens of the Eastern Half still called themselves Roman's, the emperors still held the title of Roman emperor. The notion that they were different buys into both ignorance in Western Europe and what the Catholic rulers, especially the Holy Roman Emperor, would have wanted, as it showed the Eastern Half isn't the true empire, just a rump state. Sadly for them, that isn't true and the Eastern Half is still very much the Roman Empire.
I'd say this video has two defects of sorts: 1) It only lists the senior emperor, not the co-emperor(s) and that removes some of the most important rulers that were either regents (Irene of Athens during Constantine VI's childhood, Romanos I) or very important co-emperors (John VI Kantakouzenos). 2) After 1204 it defaults to the position that the Empire of Nicaea is the legitimate successor to the Eastern Roman Empire and doesn't show neither Epirus nor Trebizond.
Salute to Rome, they never gave up fighting, always fought for prosperity, the well being of the empire. Everything has to end, this Empire being no different. Dynasty by Dynasty, Loss over Loss, they always recovered and were ready for round two. Respect 👏
@@hopeundertheblacksun Absolutely. The weakened Abbasid power and disintegration of centralised Islamic power into various states ensured less agression from east
Guys I have created a Discord. Join me there :
My Discord :
My server : discord.gg/fdwEC66
My account : Sr. Khey Pard#2069
In search for origins of Croats and their ethnic name
And as Byzantine Emperor Konstantinos Porphirogenetos wrote in his work "Peri ethnon" known under Latin name "De administrando imperio" around the year 950, in chapter XXX:
"Croats (Hrovatoi/Hrvati) lived in that time there from the side of Bagibareia (Bayern, Bavaria) where now are the White Croats. One of their clans, namely five brothers: Klukas, Lovelos, Kosentzes, Muhlo i Hrovatos, and two sisters: Tuga i Buga, separated from them with their people, came to Dalmatia and found there Avars, holding that land. And for some time being in war, Croats prevailed and killed some of Avars and forced others to subdue to them. From that time rule in that land Croats (in Porfirogenetos' text: Hroßatoi [Hrovatoi], proper ethnic endonym: Hrvati; in Latin language: Chroati, Croati). And there it has still in Croatia Avars, and on them is visible that they are Avars."
In chapter XXXI Porphirogenetos wrote:
"Croats, which now inhabit the sides of Dalmatia, they originated from unbaptised Croats, which are called also White.[...] Those Croats came to the emperor of Romai Heraklios ... So, according to the order of the emperor Heraklios these Croats took the arms and expel Avars from there, they settled by decree of emperor Heraklios ... where they inhabit now. In that time had the Croats as arkhont (Greek word for: leader, duke, Latin: dux) the father of Porga. Emperor Heraklios had sent and brought from Rome priests, made of them archi-episkops and episkops and presbiters and deacons, and he baptised the Croats. These Croats had in that time arkhont (leader, duke, Latin: dux) Porga."
So, according to the emperor Porphirogenetos, Croats/Hrvati came to Dalmatia and to Pannonia and Ilyricum in the time of Byzantine emperor Heraklios (610 -641) as ally of Byzantium fighting against Avars. The land from where Croats came in Porfirogenetos' text is named as magna or White Croatia (Bielo Hrovatia). According to what we know today, Croats lived during the 9th and 10th century in parts of north-eastern Czech, through Silesia, and southern Poland around Krakow. But also chronicle of Nestor from Kiev (12th cent.) mentions Hrvati/Croats as one of nations in ancient Ukraina (9th and 10th century), giving them the place in text between Radimichi and Dulebi/Voliniani, what is area from todays region of Zhitomir and Vinitsa in central Ukraina to the Galič/Halič, south of Lawow (Lviv) around upper Dniester river.
Significant is that Croats are named as White ... and what this means? As we know, nomadic horseriders from central Asia stepp area take colors to mark the sides of the world: black is north, red is south, white is west ... and green or yellow is east.
It seems that people that wore the name "White Croats" were actually of eastern nomadic stepp origin. Because, if there were "white"/western Croats, somewhere there had to be "eastern", probably original group wearing the name Croats/Hrvati.
During the 19th century in the location of ancient Greek colony on river Tanais (today Don river), in the mouth of Don to the sea of Azov (part of Black sea) were discoverd two stone tablets with inscriptions in Greek alphabet, containing the name of the ruller of the city (king having the last name Sauromat, what is actually the form of ethnic name Sarmat) and the list with the names of important citizens. Tanais stone tablets are dated to cca. year 200 AD.
Some of the names are clearly Greek and some others are belonging to the group of Iranian languages, among them is written: Horouathos and two times Horoathos (son of Sandarz), which is the form of Croatian ethnic name: Hrvat (sg.) and Hrvati (pl.). Croatian ethnic name today offten comes as a last name, especially in form Horvat.
Croatian ethnic name designating country Croatia today in Russian language is: Хорватия [Horvatija] translated into English writing system to be pronounced as: Khorvatiya.
In Polish language name of Croatia is: Chorwacja [Horvacja], in English phonology pronounced as: Khorvatsya. In Croatian language itself the name of country is: Hrvatska, and the name of people is: Hrvati.
It seems, in conclusion, that original Croats/Hrvati were irano-phonic people (speaking in some of languages from Iranian language familly) in close connection with Sarmatians around river Don and the Black sea.
Horvat is also today very frequent last name in Croatia (cca. 8 500 persons), in Slovenia (more than 13 000 persons), in Serbia (cca. 7400 persons), in Romania (3 400), form with marked accent on letter a; in Czech: HorvAt (920 persons), in Slovakia (758), Hungary (746) etc. ... there are also other written forms as: Chorvat (offten in todays Slovakia and Czech); Horwat (500 persons in Poland), Chorwat and so on ... The last name in form: Horvat: in Russia (249 persons), in Ukraina (80 persons), and surprisingly in Uzbekistan (260 persons holding this last name); form: Horuvaty is in Ukraina (13 persons in Kherson oblast), Korvat in Ukraina (50 persons), Karvat in Belorussia (Brest region: 70 persons) etc ...
Great mapping movie from Iconium(konya)Turkey🇹🇷.
There was never ever an empire which called itself Byzantine. There was just one small, ancient Thracian settlement called Byzantion at the tip of Eastern Thrace long, long time ago.
Ok
@@justinian-the-great discord.com/invite/jTuuaAM
Don't cry because it's over, smile because it happened.
I didn't know you were a byzantophile! Well now I like you even more
Hey Akkad!
It is still happening bro. We greeks are the follow up still alive and kicking
Norwich or Runciman?
@@thanoskoumpanis9699 hahahahahahahhahahahahahHajajahhajahajahahahahjaa
The early Eastern Roman Empire has one of the nicest borders I have ever seen.
Agreed and also the Byzantine flag
The borders after the split and the 555 borders are the coolest.
Everyone has secretly a border fetish
True
@@hrsmp Byzantium WAS the Roman empire. The Ottoman empire was simply the Ottoman empire. Nothing Roman about it.
Roman Civilisation lasted from 753 BC with the Roman Kingdom, to 1453 AD with the Byzantine Empire. 2206 years. That's crazy.
roman empire fell in 476 ad
@@shawnv123 olny the west part
@@shawnv123 The Western Roman Empire did, yes, but the Eastern Roman Empire never fell and later went under a new name (the Byzantine Empire). It was still the same kingdom.
@SemitexIts amazing considering all the enemies that Armenian had to face during all those years and not to lose identity.
@Semitex no armenians are a mix of turks + iranians + circassians
heraclius is by far the most tragic. Imagine fighting a 2 decade long war against the persians, finally reconquering the levant and egypt, and losing it all to the arabs a decade later
@@havucadam74 herclius was the roman emperor at the time of Mohammed (عليه الصلاة والسلام) he was kicked out of Syria after khalid ibn al Walid won yarmouk (as far as I remember)
@@havucadam74 Herclius was emperor during the rise of islam the arab caliphate took egypt after a decade he reconquered from the sassanid empire , the ottoman empire didnt exist yet , so he isnt calling the ottoman empire Arab you just dont know the time period very well the ottoman empire conquered egypt which was the mamluk sultanate after the fall of constantinople , egypt wasnt byzantine territory in 1453
@@havucadam74 bro delete this comment. Ottomans wasn't a thing back then they came after. Arabs is the correct term.
Arabs were kinda the most efficient conquerors that we had seen until that point in human history tbh, it's not as bad as it looks.
@@whoisjoe5610 don t forget the mongols i mean they were pretty good at conquering staff
Some random guy in 1204: The Roman Empire is over. Time to give up.
Theodore l: Get in the fucking car, we are going to Constantinople.
@@ΠυθαγόρειονΘεώρημα Greece has been there before the Roman Empire... and Italy is a mix of different ethnicities and people that have invaded the peninsula. Plus No Emperor.
@@ΠυθαγόρειονΘεώρημα neither is yours
@@ΠυθαγόρειονΘεώρημα how are we supposed to know that was sarcasm its in text....
@@ΠυθαγόρειονΘεώρημα Roman Empire is still not dead. So long as Muslim Rome (Turkey) exist, the Roman Empire still lives onwards. HAHAHAHAAHAHAHAHAHAH YOU ARE FUNNY THEO!
@@ΠυθαγόρειονΘεώρημα how about Moscow the third rome?
"Every month"
"almost 1 hour duration"
Now that's dedication.
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors).
Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱):
- Justinian I
- Justin I
- Anastasius I
- Marcianus
- Valentinian II
- Gratian
- Valens
- Valentinian I
- Jovian
- Constantius II
- Constantine the Great
- Maximianus "Herculius
- Diocletian
- Probus
- Aurelian
- Quintillus
- Claudius II "Gothicus
- Hostilianus
- Decius
Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)"
This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men).
@@Universal.. Ta? to zajebiście.
Usually people only do Every Year. This madlad did every month
@@Universal.. well it wasn't an Albanian empire just so you know
@@Universal..LMFAOOO classical Albanian nationalism
Everyone is speaks about the wisdom of Constantine for dividing the Empire in two and moving the capital to Byzantium and gives Justinian so much love for his efforts in reclaiming the West, where is all the love for Basil II? Guy deserves props as well
@@Universal.. spamming this wont make another Emperor. Do something yourself to bring glory to yours, and not bathe yourself in glory of others
@@Universal.. nobody cares
@@Ncladus XD
Basil II is the best Byzantine emperor
@@FeppyWeppy Justinian>>
To anyone wondering why Cyprus' borders were like that from 688 Ad to 875 AD, its because Justinian II and Abd Al- Malik reached an agreement that they would jointly occupy and exercise power over the island.
Ive never seen such a detailed video like this. Normally videos that show every month are ones that show maybe a single war between many nations. But this showed the history of an entire empire in the range of 1,000 years including every MONTH. Very well done!
@@Turtle5454 I believe Byzantium was Rome too, however the people within it in my point of view were the inheritors of the culture. Not the original Romans that inhabited Italy. But either way civilizations evolve regardless. Imagine if Byzantium survived and colonized, making greek speaking colonies around the world.
@@KAI-bk6vb Basically, it goes back to the indo european migrations, the italics all spoke proto-italic upon entering the italian peninsula until they branched into separate tribes such as the latins, umbrians, samnites, lucani, brutii, sicels, etc. They all then branched off and spoke different varients of italic languages, among them was latin. The Italics were essentially the ancient italians. The latins conquering the other italics would be similar to athens hypothetically conquering and unifying the greek world. Latin is an italic culture, just as much as a greek state like sparta was to greece. Now, yes the romans did conquer the Mediterranean sea, and with that they invested in the provinces they conquered and made them romans. However, latin rome started, and ended in italy. So I do not see any point that contradicts that unless you count those successor states that lasted like 2 years but regardless dalmatia was conquered by the kingdom of italy and syagrius's forces were assimilated by the franks. Even after the fall of western rome, italy remained roman, barely anything changed in fact, not until the lombards came in and divided the italians however the gene pool wasnt effected by the minimal amount of lombards that entered.
As for the byzantines, well as the natives spoke greek that doesnt mean they were culturally greek. The governmental practices were still of latin roman origin, and even the sporting events and many other byzantine customs were brought through from ancient latin rome. So it really wasnt fully greek, it was a hybrid between latin and hellenic culture.
Overall, yes there were romans all over the Mediterranean, I only acknowledge two countries as the two heirs to rome. Italy gets western rome, and all of ancient latin rome, and greece gets the byzantine era, as they were the last to preserve medieval roman culture.
Sorry about the essay i was bored.
@@KAI-bk6vb Also if you wanted an exact "roman dna" it would probably be of R1b haplogroup, as that was what the ancestors of the romans carried into the italian peninsula. However, the byzantines on the other hand would lean towards J2. However overall we could basically say R1B and J2 would be the two equals for "roman dna". What makes italy special is it included both, distributed throughout the peninsula. North is more R1B, south is more J2, and central is a hybrid of the two.
Edit: I just read up on this now, I believe the exact origin of the ancient latin romans were of the R1b-U152 Haplogroup.
@@KAI-bk6vb Yeah, the title of Rome is a complicated one due to it lasting 2,200+ years. It was bound to pass between other people. But im glad it was passed on to the greeks as they preserved roman civilization and did it well.
Even your dreams cannot reach the places where my might reaches
- conqueror the mehmed
seeing justinian take rome, makes me a happy person.
Justinian's reconquest screwed italy tbh. Italy would have been so powerful if Theodoric's kingdom of italy was left alone.
@@Thessalonian100 funfact : muhammad sent a letter to heraclius, the letter is an invite to islam. He refused tho. If he converted, the history will be 100% different aswell. There are some theory why he dont want convert. First, from the islamic source, he actually wanted, but he was scared to the Roman people that his reigb will be abdicated.
@@yeasty7742 There's like 0 actual hard evidence that he ever even knew of Islam and what it actually was (most likely, he an his advisors saw muslims as sect of jews. ), not to mention his alleged intensions to convert. The letter (if it actually existed) would almost certainly not reach emperor himself and end up with some of his officials. Reason is simple: no one knew of Muhammad, so his letter would be considered of minor importance and not worthy of emperors attention.
@@imd8875 muhammad actually was popular between arabians, and he sign letters in many places, and not to mention in St. Catherine in Sinai and some letters to severals major leaders in Middle East. I don't say that he knew Islam, this is according to Islamic source, I don't know exactly. But, there some letters that sent to Heraclius. You can search it
@@imd8875 he also known among jews in medina. His tribes also the major tribes in mecca, and also his tribes always go to several places in Middle East in caravan to trade. So, there is possible. And also, Muhammad is one of the members of the Bani Hashim, which is the custodian of Kaabah and leader of Mecca, ofcourse he is well known among people
15th century
Ottoman Empire: How are you not dead?
Byzantine Empire: I have no idea!
ROMAN EMPIRE
Even your dreams cannot reach the places where my might reaches
- mehmed the conqueror
It's normal that you have no idea since we did such an attack, you didn't even have time to think.
I come suddenly one night and add your kingdom to my empire
mehmet the conqueror
Byzantine Empire: Nanomachines, son!
21th century
Byzatine: kingom of haldia
Turks: WHY NOT DIE??!!!!!
The work you put in this is incredible, no comment would seem to put that to justice. Bravo and keep up the good work
OTTOMAN EMPİRE🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷💪💪💪
@@Turtle5454 no
@@Turtle5454 Roman Empire 💪💪💪
@@granatapacifica Y E V S
@@Turtle5454 ALLAH AKBAR🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷💪💪💪💪
34:19 The face you make when the Seljuk are coming
This comment is gold
Dudu Chanel. Not gonna lie. You are the First Swedish to know something about Turks other than the Ottoman Empire.
@@mertcanozkan7891 I'm italian ayyy lmao
@@mertcanozkan7891 what about swedish historians? Lol
Michel VII blaming romanos for losing battle of manzikert
Seeing how Empire's borders were shrinking scince the death of Justinian is the most painful experiance
They really tried hard to resuscitate the the roman empire until it deflated again.
When thinking just how long the empire lasted, it feels not as much like a collapse given how long it lasted
@@ianlilley2577 nah,it feels like a very harsh wound after the Arab Invasions,and it feels like a slow painfull death after Manzikert and the 4th Crusade
Don't see it like this.The Eastern Roman Empire was USA for 1000 years.They collapsed because litteraly everyone was against them.
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors).
Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱):
- Justinian I
- Justin I
- Anastasius I
- Marcianus
- Valentinian II
- Gratian
- Valens
- Valentinian I
- Jovian
- Constantius II
- Constantine the Great
- Maximianus "Herculius
- Diocletian
- Probus
- Aurelian
- Quintillus
- Claudius II "Gothicus
- Hostilianus
- Decius
Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)"
This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men).
Can we have a moment of silence for Philadelphia, which remained stubbornly Roman for *eighty years* after the entire rest of Anatolia fell?
That legendary ancient Roman city of Philadelphia
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors).
Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱):
- Justinian I
- Justin I
- Anastasius I
- Marcianus
- Valentinian II
- Gratian
- Valens
- Valentinian I
- Jovian
- Constantius II
- Constantine the Great
- Maximianus "Herculius
- Diocletian
- Probus
- Aurelian
- Quintillus
- Claudius II "Gothicus
- Hostilianus
- Decius
Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)"
This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men) .
@@Universal.. Tf are you saying? Constantine was Bulgarian
@@Apes_TogetherStrong LMAO
@@Universal.. youre funny
50:22 the fall of Philladephia in Anatolia
Philladephia was sorrounded for 90 years and is regarded as the last greek speaking citiy in Asia.
For the Americans that wonder where the name Philladelphia came from.
EDIT: It means "brotherly love"
You mean like solely Greek speaking? Because until 1922 and the exchange of populations btw Greece and Turkey, many cities in Anatolia, like Smyrna or Trabzon were massively Greek speaking
@@vanmars5718he probably meant the last city the greeks controlled
It's Alaşehir now
@@vanmars5718 Misinformation detected. Greeks and Greek language have never been the majority of Anatolian cities. Trabzon and Izmir were mostly Turkish at that time. Most of Greeks were speaking Turkish because their language was useless at that time. Turkish was the language of ruling class. Anatolian Greeks learned Greek after the population exchange. Actually it clarifies whose culture was superior.
@@hurriyetperver5272 The Greek language was the undoubted majority language of Anatolia starting from the Hellenistic period and accelerating to the medieval period with the Byzantine empire.
Under the Ottomans, Greek remained the official language of the Greek Orthodox Church (Ecumenical Patriarchate) which under the Ottomans became the only official church to put all other Orthodox people unde it, Greek was used as a lingua franca in commerce and in civic papers choosen by many ottoman administrators (no matter their ethnic origin). Greek was printed in the ottoman coinage and the major ecclesiastical schools of the empire were Greek. After the 19th century with the Reformations in the Empire, civil schools could be established and the most renowned ones in Izmir, Trabzon, Istanbul etc were the Greek schools in which even wealthy ottoman turks could choose to study (since the empire couldn't yet feel that they needed such civil schools for the muslim population).
Anatolian Greeks were Greek speakers in the majority of them. Thus we have the traditional dialects as the Pontic dialect and the Cappadocian dialect and the two major accents/regional tongue as is the Constantinopolitan speech and the Western Anatolian speech (which was heavily influenced how modern Greek pronunciation evolved).
The only Anatolian Greek communities which did not spoke Greek were special villages of Cappadocia and the Karamanlis. These two.
In cities like Izmir which the Greeks accumulated most of the wealth, even turks had to know Greek and they spoke Greek.
I'm not sure what kind of nonsensical information you have and try to spread on a subject that is not even some old ancient history but a modern history which cannot be distorted by some false propaganda.
History of the Byzantine Empire: Every Second
Edit: Thanks for the likes lmao
It will be a thousand year long video
History of the Roman Empire every second
that will be a month
History of the entire world:Every second
@Basil II of Macedon the Vardaskan slayer stfu
8:53 At this point it looked like Roman Empire has been restored with reclamation of Rome and 60% of original Roman Empire size
9:10 there is more here, they retook lazica (northeast near armenia)
Glory to Rome
but he fucked army and economy
@@laborthief3709 The plague did that.
Justinian was a beast, like first emperors.
It’s sad to watch the long history of the Eastern Romans, and see their gradual decline through out the centuries. I think most of us can argue that Byzantine was never the same after the fourth crusade😔
I would argue that they were truly never the same after their defeat at Manzikert in 1071.
@@09stoneheart ehhh. Okay fair. You’re not wrong, but it was more than just Manzikert. Manzikert was just a battle. The Turks decimated the Romans. Following the battle, Romanos IV tried to retake his throne after being released by Alp Arslan and after yet *another* civil war, the Turks capitalized on Rome’s weakness.
Now the 4th Crusade? That shit left a scar in all our hearts. It will never fully heal, bro😒
@@crazyhercules9442 "left a scar on our hearts"
The Byzantines literally got theirs ripped out and beaten
@@Ncladus *They legit fuckin' melted a bunch of Constantinople's ancient golden artifacts just to get rich. B*stards!!*
@@09stoneheart I mean they not only defeated the Seljuks later but vassalized them and the crusaders states. Roman power was still obscenely strong during the Komnenian era and they saw a truly amazing cultural and economic flourishing
Just spend a minute to appreciate the ancient Roman Historians who gave us such records to be able to narrate their history MONTH BY MONTH. Such an exceptional civilisation
Copied from a comment on Tominus Maximus’s video on the history of the Roman Empire every month. Cmon bro, you didn’t even try to hide it.
Even your content is copied. God damn
This is medieval :|
"Roman Empire"
27 BCE ~ 1453 CE
You mean 27 BC ~ 1453 AD
Honestly Byzantine was not an "Empire" after 1250. It was too small and weak state
Rome as a country lasted from 753 BCE to 1453 CE. The first and last rulers of Rome were named Romulus, and the first and last rulers of Constantinople were named Constantine.
"Roman Empire 27 BCE ~ 1921 CE"
@@_semih_ wierd date. The Nicaean empire was actually expanding in 1250, if you were to say after the crusade in 1204 or during the reign of John V a century later.
25:54 Constantine VII looks like a pirate lol
Lmao
Yea *xD*
Music also adds to that tone XD
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors).
Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱):
- Justinian I
- Justin I
- Anastasius I
- Marcianus
- Valentinian II
- Gratian
- Valens
- Valentinian I
- Jovian
- Constantius II
- Constantine the Great
- Maximianus "Herculius
- Diocletian
- Probus
- Aurelian
- Quintillus
- Claudius II "Gothicus
- Hostilianus
- Decius
Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)"
This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men).
@@Universal.. ok and?
The longest Empire in human history.
@@atomicpower8227 I really love Roman history, I watch all the movies and play all the games about Roman. I even dream that Roman reunite again, continue its romance.
You know that you will never achieve your goal of stealing the Greek byzantine history and make it Part of italian history right? Just to remember that to you.
Didnt china last longer?
@@ziggytheassassin5835 No China dynasty last longer than 400 years. That's why I think Roman is a miracle.
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ Dream on beach, you know nothing about history and are the guy who is extremly jealous of Greece. Shame on you for existing! But you will never overcome your jealousy, Greece will allways speak Greek like it's past ,its ancesorts the Byzantines🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷.
When the Emperor's face changes every second:
Roman Empire: *chuckled* I am in danger
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors).
Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱):
- Justinian I
- Justin I
- Anastasius I
- Marcianus
- Valentinian II
- Gratian
- Valens
- Valentinian I
- Jovian
- Constantius II
- Constantine the Great
- Maximianus "Herculius
- Diocletian
- Probus
- Aurelian
- Quintillus
- Claudius II "Gothicus
- Hostilianus
- Decius
Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)"
This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men).
@@Universal.. Albanians aren't Illyrians lmfao, yall are just 50% DNA from a turk and 1% DNA from a goat, the Illyrians stopped existing long ago, most of the Emperors you listed up were Greek/Thracian and Serbians (non slavic ones of course), or maybe you are a sort of bot, because I refuse to believe a living pearson is as delusional as you, spamming the same cap all over the comments of this video
I am Greek and I have to say that this Is THE BEST video on Byzantine empire I have ever watched. And although not at largest in 1019 the empire was very strong and there was an evolution of art, trading and science.
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors).
Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱):
- Justinian I
- Justin I
- Anastasius I
- Marcianus
- Valentinian II
- Gratian
- Valens
- Valentinian I
- Jovian
- Constantius II
- Constantine the Great
- Maximianus "Herculius
- Diocletian
- Probus
- Aurelian
- Quintillus
- Claudius II "Gothicus
- Hostilianus
- Decius
Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)"
This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men)..
@@Universal.. Never said something against you. But Albanians are deriving from late west Paeonians. Though Albanians and Armenians are the closest relatives of greeks existing (there were closer ones extinct).
@@g.kech.10 the gye mention 20 emperors and only Justinian was Emperor of the Eastern /Ronan Empire empire all the rest where in the west any way Greeks claime tge histor since Greek became the official Language of the Empire and nof before around d 600a.d
@@g.kech.10 why italian jealous of Byzantine cuz they are lambard
As a Greek, you should stop referring to it as "Byzantine Empire," since that was a derogatory term invented in the 1600s. They were Greek speaking Romans, that's it.
7:45 The swell matched so well with the retaking of North Africa. Brought a tear to my eye.
And the war for Italy in general
31:27
I love this border
It looks solid
Modern day Turkey and Greece together looks solid to you?
I hope it would be more solid tho
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors).
Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱):
- Justinian I
- Justin I
- Anastasius I
- Marcianus
- Valentinian II
- Gratian
- Valens
- Valentinian I
- Jovian
- Constantius II
- Constantine the Great
- Maximianus "Herculius
- Diocletian
- Probus
- Aurelian
- Quintillus
- Claudius II "Gothicus
- Hostilianus
- Decius
Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)"
This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men).n
The Bulgarian slayer did Great
@@Kaan._G you're forgetting modern Bulgaria, Albania & most of Serbia
Roman Empire:
rise as a one city
fall as a one city
I'm from Greece and 2 years ago, we did the whole Byzantine history in school. But this is so, so much more detailed!
Constanopel is turkey
@@qushaiilyas6133 yes ok
@ΔⲰⲢⲀ ⲶⲀⲪⲈⲖⲎ 😛😛😛
Hmm
@ΔⲰⲢⲀ ⲶⲀⲪⲈⲖⲎ even "Instabul" comes from the ancient Greek language lmao and means εἴς τήν πόλιν.
Detail that calls Roman Emperor to Byzantine Emperors is well thought out
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors).
Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱):
- Justinian I
- Justin I
- Anastasius I
- Marcianus
- Valentinian II
- Gratian
- Valens
- Valentinian I
- Jovian
- Constantius II
- Constantine the Great
- Maximianus "Herculius
- Diocletian
- Probus
- Aurelian
- Quintillus
- Claudius II "Gothicus
- Hostilianus
- Decius
Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)"
This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men)..
I like how Sardinia just kinda fades away. Really does capture the way historians are unable to draw a line between "roman Sardinia" and "4 independent judicates."
Sardinia is Sarbinia.
Which Is crap, modern historiography shows Sardinia remained a part of the Empire into the 1000s.
@@sramanakarya Sir you’re saying an outdated narrative from 25 years ago, communications were not cut with the Arabic invasion of Sicily. That has been debunked since the 90s.
•The Emperor sent an Orthodox Archbishop to the Island in the 850s who was installed by the Archon, •there was a Greek colony on the island which some historians say migrated there during the fall of Byzantine Carthage and the Iconoclast period. •Greek inscriptions have been found on multiple Sardinian churches dating to the 900s praising the patronage of the Archon who had Byzantine titles like Protospatharos, • In Constantine purpleborn’s de ceremonies written in 956, The Archon of Sardinia is listed among the Empire’s Italian vassals, and there’s a chapter about the chant sung by the Sardinian soldiers in the Palace guard.
Etc Etc, while it’s unclear when they left Empire, with the cutoff point being the 2nd half of the 1000s, they were certainly still part of it in the 900s and the beginning of the 1000s still had the Archons speaking Greek, praising their position in the Empire.
And yeah, Greek was prevalent among the Archon and Nobility until the early 12th century with a few Greek words entering the Sardinian language during this time. Although Modern historians agree they remained Western Rite Catholics and only used Latin in Church, but Byzantine rule and Greek colonists saw eastern Rite Saints and the practice of Icons/ use of eastern mosaics pop up on the island.
116 Morini
“Therefore, as in the Roman duchy, the presence of Greek forms of monastic life (shadowy, yet documented) in Sardinia was without doubt due to phenom- ena of migration. First, the testimonies seem to undoubtedly refer to monastic Greek migration from Africa: Anastasius, disciple of Saint Maximus - we are in the 7th century, in the midst of the Monothelite crisis writes a theological letter from his exile in Crimea to the community (to Koinon) of the monks settled in Cagliari.48 Instead, the monastic migration witnessed by the three Lives of Saint Theodore the Studite (the whole of his hagiographical dossier) has its origin in Constantinople: a posthumous miracle of the saint, set in Sardinia, documents the presence on the island during the mid-9th century of an organized community of anti-Studite Greek monks, a party led (after the death of the Patriarch Methodius, 847) by another Sicilian, Gregory Asbestas of Syracuse.49 Another Greek monastic presence is witnessed by the burial epigraph of a nun called Graeca (Greek also by name!) which can be dated after 787 (by way of an indirect, yet erroneous mention of the 7th ecumenical council) and not later than the beginning of the next century (for paleographic reasons)”
Sources:
A Companion to Byzantine Italy: Chapter 3, Monastic life and it’s Institutions by Enrico Morini. Chapter 18 Byzantine Sardinia by Pier Giorgio Spanu.
Byzantine Sardinia Between West And East Features of a Regional Culture by Salvatore Cosentino.
A Companion to Sardinian History 500-1500: Chapter 7, The Sardinian Church by Raimondo Turtas.
The Making of Medieval Sardinia: Chapter 1, A historical Introduction by Alex Metcalfe, Hervin Fernandez And Marco Muresu.
@@sramanakarya very interesting I haven't hear about this but good to know
@@tylerellis9097 really? But how? Can you tell me, please, when and how the judicates became independent, if you want? (Because the history of Sardinia is very interesting for me but there is little information on the internet about the history of Sardinia)
The Roman Empire lasted from April 21st, 753 BC with the founding of Rome to December 1475, when the Principality of Theodoro was sacked by the Ottomans. The Empire lasted 2,228 years, 4 months, and 21 days.
@@ΒασιλείατῶνῬωμαῖων yeah I meant Roman culture
1479 when Epirus fell.
@@jordanpost3957 Roman civilization***
@Jordan Post I mean I get your point but you're haplessly mixing up 2 things. The empire lasted from 27bc which still makes for some incredible 1450 years. But as much as the Byzantine empire was the direct continuation of the Roman empire, you can't really mix up the cultures because from around 7th century the Eastern Roman Empire had little to do with Latin or Roman culture and was more of a continuation of Hellenistic culture.
BC 753 - AD 1922. LONG LİVE ROMAN EMPİRE (🇮🇹🇬🇷🇹🇷)(lol)
The music choice is fantastic! From the powerful, bright music up until Justin II to the ominous tunes during the Roman-Sassanid war of 602-628 right until the closing music it all added to an already phenomenal piece of work.
I just absolutely love the song that starts 4:50. It's composed by Geoff Knorr and is the theme song of the Byzantine Empire in the Civilization 6 game.
@@Christopher_TG Agreed, it's makes the conquests of Justinian even more of a triumph, the closest the Roman Empire got to being fully united again
*Roman Empire: Η Βασιλεία των Ρωμαίων is the Greek equivalent for the Latin Imperium Romanum, and the English Roman Empire.
One should note that the Greek speaking Romans (as opposed to the modern Greeks) did not consider the Greek term Βασιλεύς (and the Arabic Malik) the equivalent of the Latin Rex, or German King, or Slavic Kralj, but that it represented the Emperor. They had always referred to the Imperator as the Βασιλεύς.
It was used of the emperors of Antioch and Alexandria, and thus constituted the rank of Sovereign of Kings or Imperator.
The Romans divided their empire into a West and East in the 3rd century to better control the Greek East and assuage the Hellenistic feelings for the Seleucid and Ptolemaic empires of Antioch and Alexandria respectively.
The empire of Palmyra that sprung up in the 3rd century had shown the Romans that sentiment still existed in the East for the Hellenistic empires.
It was Constantine, the Western emperor, who united both East and West empires, and moved the common capital to the city of Byzantium which he renamed New Rome, and history called Constantinople (Constantine's City).
Constantinople, New Rome, was the capital of the reunited Roman empire, which then divided up into East and West again after Constantine between his sons.
It was united again under Theodosios and Justinian, and never did the Roman empire give up its name or its claim to the territories of the Roman empire in both East and West.
No Western Roman emperor was ever recognised, meaning that Constantinople remained the single capital of the Roman empire until 1204 and then 1453.
THIS IS HOW AND WHY THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE BECAME A GREEK EMPIRE:
After 230s every free man of the empire became Roman,the name Hellene(greek)was synonymus to idolater and after Constantine the Great we stoped calling our selfs greeks(idolater)and called our self what we were Roman.A common misconception is that Hellene(greek) ment the nation of the Greeks,no in the Middle Ages Hellene meant everyone that worships the old religion and Roman meant the civilized Christian citizen of the Empire. There is the Early Pagan Roman Empire(27BC -330ΑD) and Late Roman Christian Empire(330D-1453AD),Τhis is how the Late Roman Empire became a Greek empire and how Greeks became Roman:In the 3rd century a.d. Rome wasnt the city it was the empire. The Roman empire started at 27B.C. and ended 1453A.D. the only difference is that the greek culture part survive and the latin culture part fell. Rome wasnt a city or the citizens of italy that spoke latin,Rome by then was the civilized world and Roman the civilized man. The reasons that the Greeks are the heirs of Constantine(who was half illyrian half Greek) are:
1. From 300ad Hellene(greek) was the idolater the pagan man that worships the idols so the proud Greek christians didnt call them selfs Greeks instead the called them selfs what they really where Romans( civilized Christian citizens of the Empire).
2. By 500ad all the romans in the west had gone extinct because the barbarians conqered them,the huns commit a genoside on the illyrians and thus the only Romans(civilized people) that now existed were the hellenized citizens of Eastern Rome(the barbarians gave to Emperor Zeno all the titles of the Western empire and recognised his authority over them and him as the only Roman Emperor and his state the only Roman Empire).
3. Up until the 640s the Empire had many nationalities Greeks,Lombards,Armenians,Assyrians,Egyptians and north Africans in Libya all these had 2 things in common they were predomently hellenized(spoke greek and had a greek culture) and all of them were and called them selfs Roman and not by any other name. After 640s and 50s Armenia,Syria,Palestine,Egypt were conquered and by 700 North Africa was finally taken by the muslims so the only Romans(civilized people)of the Empire that were not conqered were the Greeks. Who again didnt call them selfs Greeks because at that time and up until the 12th century Hellene was the pagan the idolater that worships the idols they called them selfs
Ρωμαίοι(Romaioi,Romans)and the Greek language was called the Romaic language.
4. By 700A.D. Greeks were 90% of the population of the empire and from that point we can say that the Roman Empire basically became greek at everything(Culture,Language,Population)with only Greeks as its citizens. Again the Greeks called the selfs Romans their language Romaic and their state was the *Empire of the Romans*and the only difference it had from the age of Augustus and Constantine was that it had only one large nationallity instead of many nationalities the empire had before.
Last but not least, the Greeks keep calling them selfs Ρωμαίοι(Romans) up until the 20th century and the Greeks that are now in Turkey are not called Yunan(greeks) but Rum(romans) by the Turkish state.Also language change over time the word rigas(ρηγας) equivalent to king was lost in time and only the term basileus stayed.
Ancient Greeks,Medevial Greeks and Modern Greeks have differences because of time.
@@Georgios1821 I agree with much of what you are saying, but one must distinguish Greek language speakers and Greek nationality.
Even before Alexander the Great the Greek language had penetrated deeply into Asia Minor and was the primary language of trade and communication between peoples.
After Alexander's conquest of the East, the language was spread to the borders of India, and became the international language of communication and trade in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Greek ethnicity and Greek nationalism were not an aspect that were promoted by or that benefitted the Greek speaking citizens of the Roman empire.
Latin speakers were still a majority in Illyria and Dacia, although the southern Slavs replaced the Latins in Illyria.
But this was the Roman empire, from East to West, the primary language of which continued to be Greek for trade and communication.
The rise of Greek nationalism and the subsequent splitting of this into Greeks and Cypriots is the conscious propaganda effort of the West, because it benefits them.
This propaganda really began to be felt in the Greek speaking lands of the Roman empire when the Western crusaders gained control of Constantinople in the 13th century.
These new Western rulers did not recognise Constantinople as the capital of the Roman empire, as they had constantly referred to it as the Greek empire and its Greek speaking peoples as Greeks.
The eventual overthrow of this Western kingdom of Constantinople and the retaking of the city was undertaken by successor states only within the Greek speaking parts of what had been the Roman empire.
Thus, impetus was given to the identification of the Roman empire as the Greek empire and as the Greek state in its final years of decline and disappearance at the hands of the Turks.
With the decline of Turkey in the 19th century, the West was very keen to not see a rebirth of the Eastern Roman Empire, and guided Greece away from Russian influence and into the orb of the West, giving the new state of Greece a German king.
The creation of Greek nationalism was born through these efforts of the French and British, and then in the 20th century, the British created Cypriot nationalism in order to preserve its control of Cyprus as a military base.
In other words, one can see the contradiction of calling the Greek speaking Romans "Greeks" to destroy their self awareness as Romans, but then to limit Greek nationalism from embracing all Greek speakers to call those Greeks speakers living in Cyprus Cypriots and not Greeks.
This is just the workings of successful British and French propaganda, which presents itself as friendly to the "Greeks" as in the form of Lord Byron (as opposed to the "bad" Germans), but actually they are promoting their own Western political agenda, which requires the subjugation of the Greeks.
When the French and British had control of Constantinople in the 20th century, they did not hand it over to their Greek Masonic friends, but handed it back to the secular Turks.
In other words, even those Greeks who were members of the British Masonic organization were discarded in favour of secular Turks simply because they still had some connection with their Roman past.
The West advances its agenda with bad cop Germans and good cop French-English, but it's the same Franco-Gothic civilization attempting to absorb the Roman empire into itself.
Unfortunately, Modern Greeks have become the mental and cultural footstool of their Western rulers with only the word Byzantine to connect them to their Roman past, which is all but forgotten.
Indeed, the word Byzantine is an indication of how the Roman empire has become nationalised into a medieval Greek state in the modern Greek Western European mind.
While not true before 1204, it became increasingly a reality towards the end of 1453 as Western propaganda became officially accepted by Constantinople's leadership (such as the Unia) due to the dire situation of the city.
@@Josdamale I agree with you on many things,but Minor Asia was hellenized by the time of Christ,it's people not only spoke greek they had greek culture because hundreds of thousands of Greeks had moved from Greece to the core of Minor Asia and also from the coast.Another thing that we dont know is that after Alexander's death the nobility of the East was changed. Greeks replaced the old nobility and the new founded cities by Alexander and his successors were colonized by Greeks meaning that in the 3rd century BC the east was full of Greeks and subsequently full of Greek culture and that's why Greek culture survived in the East up until the 7th century.The Greeks of the Late Roman Empire after 330 and until 1204 called them self's only Roman because they were the only remaining heirs of Constantine and thats why only Greeks have a claim to Rome cause they were the only unconcerned Romans(civilized people)in the world after 1204 a renaissancewas experienced after the word Hellene became normal and started to gain ground again.The term Hellene didnt exist in the Middle ages, as only a adjective that can destroy your live cause in the Middle ages ment the idolater,the term Greece and Greeks changed in to Rhomania and Romans in the Middle ages. Greek's identity was changed after Constantine they were strong Christian people not some weak idolaters .So if you go back 1000 years ago the equivalent of Greece(Ελλάς) and Greeks(Έλλην) ,to us,was then Rhomania(Ρωμανία) and Romans(Ρωμαίοι).I absolutely agree with you that Greece is the victim of propaganda, because we were concerned by the Turks and we were for the most part illiterate for 400 years we took all of our history from the West and with having german kings for 150 years that as Germans preferred the ancient Greek culture from the medevial one we lost many things and only through our Church we retained some of our history and memories as Roman's.
@@Georgios1821 My friend, I'm just wanting you to see, because I know and understand the Greek mindset very well myself, there are many perspectives on the past, including the view at the time when it was the present, and then the views all through history until our day.
Current Greek nationalism is not the equivalent of the Ρωμαίοι 1000 years ago. I wish people continued in the same mindset. But they don't.
The word Greek does not replace Roman, nor does the word Byzantine express the historical truth.
There has been a change of mindset in our day, and this, unfortunately, is why our Greek brothers don't call themselves Roman and they have forgotten about Constantinople.
As one who would consider himself a Ρωμαίος, I can never forget this history, because it still lives in me.
I'm sure you know this, but there were many nationalities in Asia Minor all through history, and the Greek language united them.
St Basil the Great speaks of their local language in Cappadocia. There were Galatians, Isaurians, Armenians, Georgians, etc, etc.
They became a single people with a single language but not under force, as their identity as Romans made them part of the same country whether they were Syrians or Copts, Latins, Slavs or Goths, for whom Greek was not their home language.
These were all Romans, and they were still regarded as Romans when the empire lost control over those lands. Belisarios warns his soldiers to respect the local Latins because they are Romans too, and should not be confused with the Arian Goths.
This is what it is to be a Ρωμαίος. It is to see that the Roman state has united the East and West, with greater respect shown to the Greek speaking East.
Think of how many emperors did not have Greek as their first language. Yes, this changes, but even then you may find Armenians etc becoming emperors.
The Roman empire must embrace all peoples who share the heritage, not just modern Greeks. As a Greek, you should see all these brotherly peoples as spiritual descendants of this common legacy.
The more you nationalise the Roman empire, the less Roman it becomes, because Roman came to mean multi-ethnic.
You can visit the Great Lavra on Mt Athos and standing in the church remember that when this floor was laid, the empire stretched from central Europe to central Middle East, from the Danube to the Euphrates.
You must embrace the world inside your Romanism, because it is truly great and universal.
No one can question the ascendancy of the Hellenistic language, but there are many other languages too within the Roman state especially Latin, Syrian, Coptic, Slavic, Gothic, etc.
Indeed, we must ask why the modern Greeks are creating a modern Greek language, pushing it to become like a Western European language, instead of building up their historical language?
With a little bit of effort they can speak Ρωμαϊκά.
Build ties with other nations where you celebrate the common heritage of that Βασιλεία των Ρωμαίων.
My personal belief is that everyone should learn Greek. Of course.
Só estou comentando porque quero voltar e ler novamente.
I watched the whole thing. Best 56 minutes of my life. The music was fitting, it was detailed, you sir did one hell of a job.
Also when you changed to 2020 at the end, it made me think, the only thing that could fix 2020 was the sudden rebirth of the roman empire
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors).
Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱):
- Justinian I
- Justin I
- Anastasius I
- Marcianus
- Valentinian II
- Gratian
- Valens
- Valentinian I
- Jovian
- Constantius II
- Constantine the Great
- Maximianus "Herculius
- Diocletian
- Probus
- Aurelian
- Quintillus
- Claudius II "Gothicus
- Hostilianus
- Decius
Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)"
This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men)..
1:17 the start of the journey
51:38 exactly 1 millenia later
The boss in-game: 9:14
The boss when I unlock it: 54:37
Going from Justinian's empire to Constantine XI empire hits hard, mate. It hits really hard.
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors).
Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱):
- Justinian I
- Justin I
- Anastasius I
- Marcianus
- Valentinian II
- Gratian
- Valens
- Valentinian I
- Jovian
- Constantius II
- Constantine the Great
- Maximianus "Herculius
- Diocletian
- Probus
- Aurelian
- Quintillus
- Claudius II "Gothicus
- Hostilianus
- Decius
Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)"
This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men).
@@Universal.. who has ever said this isn't truth?
@@mrantipatia1872 Some Greeks say that this is not true (perhaps because of jealousy).
@@Universal.. so true
Justinian the I: Brings back the Roman Empire again, and the Byzantines height
Justinian the II: Wanna see me do a pro gamer move?
Also Justinian II: Lost his nose 👃
Me: I screwed Byzantium
@@mr.jeffries8256 😕😕😕😕 u again
@@rickyyacine4818Yeah! I was expecting u here too.
Justinian II lost his nose FOR REAL!
@@mr.jeffries8256 I know he also lost carthge 😢😒
@@rickyyacine4818I LOST EVERYTHING
grabs tissue; *this is gonna be a tough one*
OTTOMAN EMPİRE🇹🇷🇹🇷🇹🇷💪💪💪
@@ingilizusagkemal9144 Is long gone and will never return
@Mister Unknown For now atleast
Don't cry thats its over, just smile that it happened
@@ingilizusagkemal9144 ottocringe empire
Sardinia was slowly lost from the Byzantine Empire: after the Arab conquest of Sicily, communications between Cagliari and Constantinople became impossible and the Byzantine governors gradually became autonomous, giving rise to the "Giudicati".
I love that you let very clear in the description of the video that the "Byzantine Empire" wasn't a thing. That was always the Roman Empire. And the star of the Empire was 27 with Augustus (Constantine the great and Constantine XI were both direct successors of Augustus). The east side became the only part of the Roman Empire after 476.
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ Thanks i appreciated it.
I have seen one active debate you have in another comment. I don't want to take part in such fight so i just share my knowledge here with you.
To be specific i have seen your debate in the comments about the religion topic about Catholics and Orthodox. I think you miss a couple of things like the fact that both were the same unique and first church. That such church exist before the conversion of the empire to Christianity and the fact that this church did have popes (thing that Catholics continue to have and Orthodox choose not to). Yes the Christians of the west (Catholics) gave their backs to the empire and choose the HRE as their new protector (yes, this Holy "Roman" Empire was neither of those things but was the best way for the church in the west to survive in the scenario that the real Roman Empire was unable to protect them) and the Eastern Christians did remain loyal to the empire but before such split neither Orthodox or Catholics was a thing just the unique and first church of Jesus with teachings in both latin and greek.
My point is neither is worth of being called "heresy". One gave its back to the empire and one remained loyal that's it.
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ Yeah i saw your debate and support you on everything but the religious topic since at the end the church of the west was alone after the Roman Empire lost the west and was unable to recover it. To some point what they did is logical in order to survive. And the east side remained loayl to the Roman Empire under the power of the emperor checking them.
I just wanna add to your comment. But for the rest. It's always great to see people that knows and defend the historical truth.
1453 and ottoman empire
Actually, the term Byzantine Empire (or empire in Byzantium) was used by contemporary German scholars to belittle the emperor of Constantinople in order to add legitimacy to their HRE. Also, there's the whole debate of Greeks not being Romans.
@@connormac4401 I know, I know it was used by the HRE. And I'm happy to see more people know about this. I mean the emperor of the HRE and the Roman Empire they even refused to call each other Roman Emperor. In the end, was very basic but effective propaganda by the HRE more than 100 years after the Roman Empire was defeat at the hands of the Ottomans (so it wasn't something so contemporary).
And the last Romans were greek speaking Romans. Being Roman did star as a group/tribe term but evolved to be the nationality/identity of the free citizens of the Roman Empire without caring that much about race or ethnicity.
And also according to the writings of Pompey even by the time of the republic the Roman Civilization was very Hellenized by the Greek City-states. In the end, the culture of the empire was Greco-Roman. Pagan or Christian but always Greco-Roman.
I opened the video, and subscribed as soon as I saw it lasts 56 minutes. Truly an accomplishment. This will be a wild ride.
Gotta give them byzantines some credit. They kept putting up a fight to the very very end
@@PterarchosAeroporias525 Italy and Greece have the best ancient legacy.
@@PterarchosAeroporias525 Byzantion was an ancient Greek colony, on which the city of Constantinople was built. The founder of Byzantion, Byzas, was son of King Nisos of Megara.
@@PterarchosAeroporias525 the whole known world was under Roman rule at the time that didn’t stop them from keeping there national identity’s and that part of the world was mostly Greek, as Greeks and Romans have shared a very similar culture they respected each other, yes some Greek kingdoms went to war with the Romans, Macedonias, Spartans and others didn’t, Athenians chosen a more political approach.
So you are a Greek, that I doubt very much if you are saying that Constantinople was never Greek?
@@PterarchosAeroporias525 whatever you say Turk seed.
@@PterarchosAeroporias525 I didn’t say your a Turk, just a Turk seed, which is worse, don’t matter where you come from, if your disputing the Greeks of Asia Minor your not worthy to be called Greek.
Thank you man. For puting so much work into making this, our good old era the good days.
@@ΛαβύρινθοςτηςΜέδουσας ? What do you mean? This is the truth
The good days? What do you mean the good days???
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors).
Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱):
- Justinian I
- Justin I
- Anastasius I
- Marcianus
- Valentinian II
- Gratian
- Valens
- Valentinian I
- Jovian
- Constantius II
- Constantine the Great
- Maximianus "Herculius
- Diocletian
- Probus
- Aurelian
- Quintillus
- Claudius II "Gothicus
- Hostilianus
- Decius
Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)"
This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men)..
@@Universal.. stop spamming this everywhere
You might be cool but you will never be "Basil the 2nd The Bulgar Slayer" cool
@Emperor Basil the Bulgar Slayer mother of God, he's here, i feel blessed
@Basil II of Macedon the Vardaskan slayer i am romanian, is that ok?
Basil II the Baptiser of the Rus and the leader of the Varangian Guard of the Rus.
When Basil II used the Rus in his battles he increased the size of his state, but after him the Roman empire declined in using the Rus as its mercenaries, and relied instead on Normans and Franks, and that's when the decline set in.
The Roman empire was made great by Basil by his baptism of the Rus in 988 and his use of their mercenaries.
The modern Greek reliance on the French and British has been their vain demise into mental slavery and nationalism, and has led to the collapse of their identity as Romans part of the multi ethnic Roman state based in Constantinople that stretches from Central Europe to the central Middle East.
The British and French can betray the Greeks all they like, and the Greeks will still crawl up to kiss their feet as if they are their saviours rather than their oppressors.
Sing of Lord Byron, wave your US inspired flags, and watch the Anglo-Americans use the Turks and Germans to subjugate the Greeks and use them against the Russians.
Watch the Greeks treat their true friends as enemies, and treat their true enemies as friends.
They have forgotten their baptised spiritual children, and have handed them over to destruction.
@Basil II of Macedon the Vardaskan slayer Why would I be offended?
It makes perfect sense for Basil to extend his influence by such a marriage, as the Rus were baptised by him, which makes him their godfather, and at that time they were the largest country (territorially speaking) in Europe.
Both the Rus and the Romans enjoyed resurgent strength in the 10th and 11th centuries, and both unfortunately declined in the 12th and 13th centuries.
From the 11th century, we see Roman emperors employing Norman mercenaries instead of the Rus Varangian Guard, and bringing Turkish mercenaries into Thrace. Stupidity.
This self defeating madness is what led the Romans to allow the crusaders into their city in 1203/4, and that was the end of their civilization.
The Rus, on the other hand, repelled the crusader Teutonic knights and then the Turkish Tartars, and did not stop conquering the East all the way until they reached the far West in Alaska.
The greatest mistake of Tsipras, and a grand useful idiot he was, was to antagonise friendly Russia at the behest of his Western masters and debt collectors.
Basil II was great and worked with the Rus, and that was their joint greatness.
@Basil II of Macedon the Vardaskan slayer I think one can take it spiritually and symbolically that Moscow is the Third Rome, but it is very hard to do that literally, because it never took on the identity of being Roman instead of Russian, nor did it officially change its name.
The German empire went all the way to literally claim to be the Holy Roman empire - fortunately, the Russians never followed this delusion.
It was, in fact, more than a century after the fall of Constantinople that the Russian sovereign took on the title emperor, but emperor of the Russians not the Romans, and the city of Moscow always officially remained Moscow.
The Roman Senate did not move to Moscow, nor did a Roman emperor grant the title of Roman emperor to a Russian Grand Prince.
I am not claiming what should or should not have happened, merely stating what did happen and the known facts.
Spiritually, Moscow is the Third Rome, and the Russian state is a godchild, witness and spiritual heir of the Christian Roman empire.
If Moscow wants to call itself literally the Third Rome then it must officially change its name and do so, and the Russian Federation can change its name to whatever it wants.
But I don't think that is the greater point.
The greater point is that persons who share the common spiritual heritage of the Christian Roman Orthodox empire should maintain this heritage and serve their interests by maintaining friendly relations with one another, rather than working to undermine one another, and thereby serve the interests of the modern West and its claim to be the heir of Greece and Rome.
The dictum of the Roman empire was united we stand, divided we fall.
That is my point. Be wise and maintain your common interests, and don't work to undermine one another or to spread mistrust.
In fact, I would even welcome the West, whether Gothic-Latin or Anglo-Frank into the world of the Christian Roman Orthodox, if they wish. I would welcome everyone into this world, because as a Roman, politically speaking, I am a true universalist.
Everyone should learn Greek besides for their own national language.
We can all share the glory and celebrate it.
The legend has uploaded again.
Hey foxy!
Hello
Am your sub
And i liked your videos too
We may been enemies at past Bulgaria but now we have common threat Turkey 😊😊💪💪 we must unite to restore Byzantium 😢😢😢😢
the palaiologas era is legit the saddest stuff ever. I cant resist crying
I screwed up! Keep crying 😭
I took the time to watch the whole thing. It was 100% worth it. It all makes it even more sad when you just look at it and see that after Justinian's death, the empire just slowly declines, with a few "restorers" along the way, such as Basil II., Alexios I. and maybe Michael VIII.
I also think they were in a very difficult position over their entire 1000-year lifespan, as they were never really in the position to attack, but just to defend and defend and try not to die
It's important to realize that Basil II, Alexios I, and Michael VIII weren't restorers by themselves, but were either the beginning or end of a long period of restoration for the Empire. Basil II's reign, for example, was the culmination of over 150 years of restoration that had begun in 867 with the accession of Basil I as Emperor. The same can be said for Alexios, who started a new period of restoration that would last for over 50 years after his death up until the end of Manuel I's reign. Ultimately, the Byzantines spent almost as much time in restoration as they did in decline.
Remnants of the greatest empire in history... Ave!
Wasnt roman empire better?
@@PterarchosAeroporias525 discord.com/invite/jTuuaAM
@@GloryToTheUnitedStates6037
Then why did Saint Paul write his Letters to Romans in Greek? Why did the Romans have Greek Schools of oration in Rome, along with the Latin ones, the latter of which they had closed in the Social Wars? Why were the Romans so presintent in their old Arcadian Greek descendance, which they attested alot? I have asked you these questions elsewhere, yet you refused to answer, perhaps for not having arguements to come up with.
@@GloryToTheUnitedStates6037
And you are that idiot who would not answer to my agruements on why they were, based on their own attestments which are backed by archaeologic discoveries. Seems you had no counterarguments.
@@GloryToTheUnitedStates6037
What an inverted cysthus of a cinaedus you are. First you mock me, but then you shut up because you have nothing to say, right? What a fine piece of work you are...
This and the video from Kayra atakan about the Ottoman is mind blowing. Both are possibly the best mapping video in history. However I like kayra atakan video more because it is more detailed and better choice of music. Once again great video man!
As someone who has experience in massive mapping projects; wow.
“Eastern Roman Empire”
@@ΡωμαϊκόνΠύρ Rums aren't really roman they are just Anatolian Greeks. Yes a part of them are indeed Romans but not all. In fact in Turkey we sometimes use the word Rum which means Roman for Greek people from Greece. It's really confusing.
@@ΡωμαϊκόνΠύρ the eastern Roman Empire did many bad tings to the other tribes in Anatolia, they mostly attacked Turkish tribes and most of there emperors were evil just like any empire at that time
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ it wasn’t the Roman Empire tho, it was called Byzantine.
@@GloryToTheUnitedStates6037 when the western Roman Empire was collapsing, the eastern Roman Empire really didn’t give a shit about them. They only wanted to be stronger than the western Roman Empire and in the 1200’s they begin to lose a lot of territory from the Turks from the tribe of Kayi tribe (which will become the Ottoman Empire) the byzantines did many cruel things to a lot of different people and their cultures, they allied with the mongol empire to do more destruction,the Byzantine empire is nothing but cruelness and evil. They weren’t even Roman they made themselves changed completely over the years.
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ the government was the worst, they spreader the Black Death in the 1200’s in Anatolia and in europe, in the 1400’s the IRC’s killed half of europe
The name "Byzantine Empire" is not correct, it's given by historians centuries after it disappearance. The original and true name is Eastern Roman Empire or Greek-speaking Roman Empire.
It doesn't matter, Mayans and Aztecs aren't called by their original name either
The correct name for Byzantines is Basileía Rhōmaíōn, and if from Western Europe they called it Romania/Ῥωμανία
@@MagisterMilitumBelisarius5365 I agree that calling the Roman Empire(what's left of it) Byzantine is wrong, but it's a historical convention by now and merely another example of how orientalism redefines the east (Greece).
did you not watch the first 15 seconds of the video, lol?
@@MagisterMilitumBelisarius5365
As far as I know, Imperium Romanum hasn’t been used as an official name by any state since the death of Romolus Augustulus.
Not to be confused with Romanoi. Which does not translate to Romanum. Or Romania, which does not translate to Imperium Romanum.
Neither Romanoi or Romania were ever used within the western roman empire, and as far as I know, didn’t come to use until the 6th century AD.
The idea that Byzantium was terminally in decline is a huge misconception. Generally speaking, the Eastern Romans experienced growth over the course of 330-568, 786-1026, 1090-1143, 1154-1180, and 1212-1270; which is the majority of their reign.
Because when you say Romans, internet kids only think is Italy. That's why western historians created a new terminology to the Hellenic and hellenized east Roman empire
@@skylinelover9276 It's actually the result of thousands of years of propaganda. Charlemagne and every Emperor since styled themselves as the heirs of Rome - it was a huge thing to them, up until Napoleone really - and you couldn't very well be the heir of something that was still ongoing, then add the Pope and the schism, and there you get the Eastern Roman Empire usually getting the short end from the West.
Great job! I like that video so much. Especially Justinian, Heraclian, Macedonians and Komnenos eras. Great job, great video.
Komnenian dynasty was great.
@@mp6471 true if only manual didn't waste his time up
This video is why I am on RUclips ! The music, the animation, the details are why this channel is the best mapping channel, in my opinion !
This is (almost) perfect, because unfortunately I noticed two mistakes in the first six minutes :
- Ancyra is mispelled (Anycra).
- Emperor Zeno (474-491) is forgotten, instead we have Leo II.
Merci pour tes remarques très pertinentes !
Concernant Ancyra, j'ai tout simplement - et malencontreusement - mixé la version française et celle anglaise du terme, ce qui a donné Anycra. C'est effectivement une erreur.
Quant à Zénon, le logiciel de rendement de vidéo a fait défaut quelque part et Zénon a - malencontreusement aussi - été masqué.
All the respect to the Kommenid dynasty, they fought very hard to restore the unity of Greece and Anatolia and the survival of eastern christianity, but the internal strife, the constant betrayals, the military coups, the toxicity of religious circles triggered disasters like the massacre of latins and the fourth crusade, these situations made everything worse, the papacy acted with mala fide, the "franks" acted like hyaenas, venetians could have helped but they didn't, plus the insidious of attacks of the muslims hastened the work, arabs could be managed, but turks were a curse, the byzantine realm death was an execution by a thousand cuts.
They did but they brought one big problem in thier time u must be genius emperor like them to survive or u will be done just like the Anglos dynasty also manual wasted to much time and second crusade from 1147 ad to 1175 she should have focus only on Anatolia to kick the suljk turks out from Anatolia
I am not going to blame anyone for the Fourth Crusade except the Romans themselves, Andronikos I and Alexios IV needs to be rememebered as the worst cunts of Roman history because of the consequences of their action
The Latins raping the city and the Ottomans reigning supreme was a direct consequence of choosing factionalism and petty self interest over the interests of all the Empire
Not gonna lie, Turks were pretty honorable warriors.
😂😂😂lanet senin dedendi
@@AD-yq8rl Yes we conquered your lands.
38:07 - The final Roman peak, under one of it's finest Emperors.
why is he black
@@densizdebiz3079 he wasn't black but interestingly according to William of Tyre he was nicknamed 'the Moor' by some because he had a darker complexion than usual.
@@galahad6189 what about his ancestors
@@densizdebiz3079 All Greek except for his mother who was half Bulgarian.
goodbye sinai
As a Türk, İ celebrate 11. Constantine for fighting like a real king.
He didnt escape from İstanbul and died like a man.
god bless you
@Shut Up ?
No :) İ just like a brave foe more than coward friend.
Because their job was very hard. They were not fighting against strong crowded. They were fighting against a math, engineering master (2. Mehmet)
Wish lots of Turks share your respect, man~
@@lyonvensa Be sure many Turks are aware that. Reality does not consist of the cheap lies of "formal history". Last Roman Emperor died with a sword in his hand. Respect.
If you look through the "other side", you can see that the Byz had finished its era. Majority of the population was Turks on Eastern Roman lands, and they were people with strong "state-establishing". If Timurlane hadn't shaken the Ottomans, this conquest would have taken place in early 1400s.
Proud to have been born and raised in the city of Thessaloniki and can trace my ancestry back to 1100.
The empire still lives
🇬🇷✝️👑
No it doesn’t live since 1453 wake up
@@dracarys9748 Empire still lives 😎👌
@@faustogiorno2300 Where ?
@Türkiye Forever I wonder what happened to the natives 🤨😜p
@Türkiye Forever 1)Thessaloniki is not in Thrace 2) Thrace was Greek before Muslim population settled 3) Turkic tribes belong to Ural Mountains and Mongolia
Byzantine term was crafted by westerners to differentiate Roman history split from Rome itself in the east. Taken from Byzantium.
It has nothing to do with "Greek medieval history". Greeks were just one of the many ethnicities living under Roman rule.
@V C No, they didn't even exist in political terms back then as they called themselves "Romans". The main ethnic differentiation was between Romans and Barbarians which, in time, got absorbed into the Empire.
@V C yes it does. I have no idea where you take that Greeks were the dominant ethnicity
@V C language is a thing, ethnicity is another. It's like saying English is spoken everywhere in Europe, there are large british communities in France and Germany hence Britons are the dominant ethnicity in Europe. That's very far away from reality.
@V C not at all. There were Macedonians and many other peoples which started to speak a greek like tongue since Alexander's conquests. Greece has always had a rather small population and many of major cities in the Byzantine Empire, including Byzantium, boomed in population only when migrations kicked in.
@V C Macedonians were not Greeks and this is why the Macedonian Empire is so named and not Greek Empire by all historians. What is more important between culture or blood is debatable, regardless culture doesn't provide political dominion. I wouldn't say Americans are Englishmen just because they speak English. If you don't take into account culture's limits you may end up with a very inaccurate conclusion.
They were not Greek by blood aside from a small portion of the Empire.
11:03 I love how suspenseful music begins when phocas appears
Epic work!
🇹🇷💝🇬🇷 Greetings from Turkey
The Turks captured our shrine in 1453, this is despicable!
Lol
@@natoles lmao
?
@@okandemirci7579 ?
9:19 565CE = territoral peak. That's as close to old Roman empire as it got. Although they started losing territory bit by bit, I think killing emperor Maurice was the beginning of their major downfall. Sure they survived for almost a millennia, but from that point on, they had no more chance of becoming as dominant as the old Rome again.
Even without the same territorial extent, they still ruled the Mediterranean for lengthy periods of time even after the VIth century AD. Most of the time, when they lacked military might, they made up with masterful diplomacy. Alexios and Manuel Komnenos are clears examples of this.
Justin II's arogance did still a mighty blow to the empire, and then dynasties like the Angelos and Doukids ran the country head first into a wall
@@Ncladus Justinian chose the wrong Justin to succeed him. He should've chosen the son of Germanus. The Justin that Rome got was arrogant & betrayed the Lombards in a conflict with another Barbarian tribe, so the Lombards basically "Okay, fine. Italy is ours then"
The bubonic plague didn't help, nor did Phocas.
@@iDeathMaximuMII To be fair though, his death witness, Callinicus probably fabricated Justinian's last words in order to secure his political ally (Justin II)'s position. Justin II was already in Constantinople while the son of Germanus was at the frontiers.
I think Justinian wished for the son of Germanus to be his successor.
It's called the Roman Empire, not Byzantine. The Byzantine never referred to themselves as "Byzantine" and even the enemies of the Eastern Roman Empire called them "Romans"
But the video says Roman Empire!!
Yes, this video only tells "Roman". "Byzantine" is just for the title.
Just for info,Even Ottomans calls them as Rums(Roman)
@@GloryToTheUnitedStates6037 I Can't believe ,were they really ?
They did kind of gradually transition from a Roman Empire, the eastern half of the Roman Empire, a wholly Greek Empire, a very small Greek Empire, essentially just Greece and then a Greek City state.
there was a "moment" (some decades) during the VI century where it seemed they truly had a shot at bringing the old roman empire back to life.
Since empire was left a surplus during the reign of Anastasius I in the early sixth century, Justinian used this opportunity to try to attempt the "Restoration of the empire", it mostly worked but it left the empire overstretched and wasted several resources (plus the Plague of Justinian)
@@williamsantos9471 they should have just made the ostrogoths a buffer rump state in northern Italy to deal with the Lombards and give the Lombards territory as a de-facto vassal to resemble some sort of freedom Italian front solved
@@williamsantos9471 they could have also made the white Croats a vassal state in bosnia and Croatia to take the avar raids
46:47 why you gotta hit me with the music 😭
Idk *...*
It’s quite sad when an empire that lasted for 1400 years had fallen…
@@Kinsley40 true
6:00 music was better
That was a good video. Showed a long time line of changes and arrivals in different areas. Even in the region of today’s Spain and Portugal. Even shows the arrival of Serbia in the Balkans in the year 1018. Even focused on different areas along the way. Nice work.
Roman Kingdom = Beginning of a great Saga.
Roman Republic = The awesome Sequel.
Roman Empire = The amazing Trilogy.
Western Roman Empire = The Terrible Sequel.
Eastern Roman Empire = A Good Spin-off.
Holy Roman Empire = Bootleg Knock-off version.
Yes, finally the Roman Empire were not disgraced as “Byzantine” they never called them “Byzantine””Greek” but “Roman”
Bit they still have the same identity as Greeks, the same religion,same culture and same language
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ the only thing HAHAHAHA ok. Religion and language are the two most important things in a population! What else do you want? And Byzantines lived in the area of ancient and Modern Greece so the romans as they called themselfes were Greeks without acknowiliging that. But their ethnicity was Greek since they spoke Greek and had the Greek religion. Stop this shit. The byzantine empire belongs to the Greek history not to the italian.
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ Greek language became Part of the roman empire due to the invasion of Greece. But this doesnt make it a Roman thing. It still is Greek. Also what does connect a population? A place where they live together and a language with which they interact. But also a God or something that they whorship together. Am I right? And if you look at the area the Byzantine empire clearly is in the old Greeks land. The old religion of the Romans also came from the Greeks, they only changed the name of the Gods.
@@ΡωμανόςΔ́Διογένης-θ6δ nope. At the beginning of the Christinization in the Roman empire ,Greece was hardly affected. Big Parts of the East were allready Christians by themselfs (Greeks mostly) and rejected to accept Dodekaism though this was illegal. The Name Theodosius by the way is Greek Not latin. It means Godgiven. You see in Makedonia there was the first European-Greek christian community ever. And it was founded by Greeks. In Philippi Makedonia.
@@nestororiginal2344 No they did not.
Plz change your title.
It is not Byzantine Empire. It is Roman Empire after Division.
It is Greek not italian
@Ανίκητος Αετός - Aquilla Invicta Greek Not italian
@Ανίκητος Αετός - Aquilla Invicta yeah but who claims this "Roman" history.
@@nestororiginal2344 it's literally the eastern Roman empire despite speaking greek
@@nword3508 yeah but it was Greek which is why they spoke Greek and were orthodox Christians!
Girls: I can't believe he didn't cry during titanic! Do men even have feelings?
Men crying:
I would like to have some data statistics at the end of every video. Like how many years it survived, how many emperors existed etc.
1,058 years and and 90 emperors
but i didnt count the laskaris
@@jesusaguilera6572 Didn't it have around 115 emperors ?
@@KheyPard 115 if you count the laskaris
and the constantinian dynasty but the first official emperor as arcadius
The Eastern Roman Empire was practically a zombie state by 1300s+.
The Illyrians 🇦🇱 contributed a lot to the Roman/Byzantine Empire 🦅 (Fearsome Warriors).
Here is the list of Roman Emperors 🤴 of Illyrian origin (🇦🇱):
- Justinian I
- Justin I
- Anastasius I
- Marcianus
- Valentinian II
- Gratian
- Valens
- Valentinian I
- Jovian
- Constantius II
- Constantine the Great
- Maximianus "Herculius
- Diocletian
- Probus
- Aurelian
- Quintillus
- Claudius II "Gothicus
- Hostilianus
- Decius
Source: The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third by Edward N. Luttwak, page 178, "high-grade cavalry (equites Illyriciani)"
This region was late Romanized. It was famous for its excellent soldiers, frustrated but courageous. In Illyria (in the geographical sense) was indeed the most powerful of the Roman armies, in charge of watching over the Danube (nearly 12 legions, that is to say 130 000 men)..
@@Universal.. OK
@@Universal.. emporor ioannis Batatzis write to the pope 1238 AD we the HELLENES rulled constadinopole for hundreds of years...
@@Universal.. Okay, Albanian nationalist
@@figtree_video_archive The Albanians are the descendants of the Illyrians.
It is a fact.
Wow I didn't think I'd get sad for the Romans...
This is so detailed lmao, hard to imagine how much work and research was sunk into this. Really good work
BE HONEST! who else cried when they saw the year 1453 show up in the corner of the screen
Your mum.....
why the fuck would I cry. lol
@@gandalfthegrey2592 yeah nobody cares about this dumb ,,empire,,
@@gandalfthegrey2592 heartless
@@omerkaganagir Well I'm happy because I'm a Muslim. Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w) said this would happen and mashallah it did.
Byzantium did not exist it’s the Roman empire
true. Greeks are the true Romans. Western Europeans named them "Byzantines"
Bro really took the mozaic of Leo VI and zoomed onto the face of Jesus haha
Either way, amazingly detailed video!
World would be a better place if we had a orthodox Byzantine state instead of the current greek and turkish ones
Basil II is too underrated man. Dude frl Saved the Empire
He's good but the empire was doing alright without him lol
@@be2081 well lets say that basil was lucky to live in that period and that the empire was lucky to have basil
*Description of the Eastern Rome Empire*
1:52 / Rome's divided eastern and western since 'Theodosius I' died. His son 'Arcadius' has inherited eastern Rome. But he doesn't interest in political and military part and hands over to Guard Captain, Empress.
2:04 / Emperor Theodosius II' built a massive scale defense wall(Theodosius City Wall) to surround Constantinople cities and protect them. Also, he expelled all Paganism include Ancient Roman polytheism, and announced a new law book 'Codex Theodosianus.
5:20 / Garrison captain 'Flavius Odoacer' forcibly dethroned the last emperor, and Western Rome collapsed. He returned the emperor title to Eastern Rome.
6:19 / Emperor "Anastasius I" has reformed the way of taxation into Currency(Gold-coin) and reduced administrative corruption. Due to improved empire finance, more citizens enlisted as military soldiers with a salary increase. Before his death, he left 2.300 million Nomisma coins (320,000 pounds of gold), and that amount equal to a 3-year budget.
*7:53** / Emperor 'Justinian I' expanded territory to rebuild Ancient Rome. Also, he established an absolute monarchy by suppressing Nika's Rebellion. But, the began bubonic plague from Egypt Harbor spread into all empire territory suddenly. In a metropolis, empire populations rapidly reduced to 40%, and five thousand people dead in Constantinople each day. Necessarily, the empire faced massive financial deficits by tax revenue was reduced. He raised the tax rate for maintaining at war(Ostrogothic Kingdom) in the Italian region and cut off the budget of each region's garrison(Comitatenses). Due to such measures, the empire fell into debt and became allowed that Persian or Islamic invasion.*
9:55 / His rule falls in enormous financial deficit because his father left a huge debt. On the border region of the empire, many neighboring tribes & kingdoms invaded, including Lombard, Arabs, Sassanids, and he became psychotic with losing control.
10:31 / Emperor 'Maurice' enforced an austerity policy like festivals canceled to improve the chronically accumulated financial deficit with a massive pandemic. But, empire military organizations were dissatisfied and caused rebellaion against him. He was murdered by the general's "phocas" hand.
11:25 / Emperor 'phocas' doubts frequently and killed many competent generals through a ruthless political purge. Sassanid Persia declared war against Rome and invaded internal land in several ways. The defense system of the empire collapsed, Syria, Egypt, Armenia, Cappadocia, Patagonia, Galatia fell by enemy hand. Carthage governor 'Heraclius' led a military coup unavoidably and marched into capitals. Eventually, he was executed brutally.
11:44 / In a desperate situation, Emperor "Heraclius" rebuild broken Rome troops by gathering all Orthodox Church property. He breakthrough their siege and have crushing victory against Sassanid Persia army lead who' Shahrbaraz(شهربراز)'. He captured their capital "Ctesiphon" and ended the war. But, he had defeats against Islam forces at the battle of Yarmouk and lost Syria & Egypt province.
13:27 / He faced Islam invade from all sides. In 642, Alexandria city of Egypt, and In 643, Armenia felled, and In 647, Cappadocia invaded. Also, He arrested the Rome Pope and expelled him with the opposite opinion about empire faith integration. He tried to move capitals into Syracuse from Constantinople, but he died by servant's hand.
15:27 / Roman Empire fell into confusion for 20 years. Emperor seats frequently changed, and many emperors were crowned and expelled by frequent military coups. During this time, empire tax revenue reduced to 2 million or 2.5 million from 8 million coins because Egypt, Syria, and Carthage lost. Also, All historical records disappeared and increased Illiterate.
*16:38** / Umayyad caliphate set offensive target into Constantinople and began to massive invasion, to sentence Rome's end. 120,000 Islamic troops were passed through Anatolia and surrounded capitals Constantinople. Emperor " Leo III" has faced them with a massive wave of aggression and prepared a total war. They attempted to block the food supply that was incoming into Constantinople. But Rome's navy repelled them. Also, the Bulgarian surprise attacked their camp, and most Islam troops died from Hypothermia or starvation. Rome saved the European world from the Islamic invasion and have praise from the kingdom of the franks.*
18:15 / In 745 to 747 years, a massive plague (bubonic plague) outbreak once again. A 30% died among the whole population, and the noble aristocratic clans that remained in ancient Rome disappeared by this pandemic. Emperor 'Constantine V' enforced iconoclasm and impounded monastic property for national fiscal improvement from the pandemic.
20:26 / Empress Irene of Athens' she has ignored Rome's citizen opinion and attempted to marry Charlemagne of the kingdom of the franks. Empire citizens couldn't allow that rootless and ignorant barbarian Frankian king and caused Coupdetat against Empress. Empire Senate made forced resign her, expelled to the outside.
20:40 / He ascended the imperial throne instead of Irene with the origin of Ghassanid Kingdom royal families. He abolished tax reduction to the church for enactment improvement. Also, he abolished sending tribute policy into the Abbas dynasty. Caliph "Harun al-Rashid" felt anger and sent 140,000 troops into Anatolian Peninsula and sacking their province. He has kneeled and promised to send tribute again. July 24, 811, He fell into traps and died at the 'Battle of Plisca', and his skulls became plated drink glass that Bulgarian Khan "Krum" uses.
21:01 / Emperor 'Leo V' he betrayed in the battle with his troops against Bulgaria and was crowned with an Internal coup. He suggests meeting Bulgarian Khan "Krum" and have tried assassination to kill him with an arrow. Unfortunately, he escaped alive even though have been shot by an arrow and led their troops to invade and plunder nearby cities and villages of Constantinople, was massacred 10,000 Adrianople citizens. When Krum died from wound sepsis, their invasion stopped. He was murdered by who his loyal general "Michael" during divine Liturgy.
21:30 / Emperor 'Michael ll' was faced with a massive rebellion caused by General 'Thomas, because of his low legitimacy. Rebel leader 'Thomas' and their forces pressured Constantinople and signed an alliance with the Abbas caliphate. But, the Theodosius City Walls defended their attacks, and main troops repelled them. A massive rebellion ended, and 'Thomas' was executed. In 816, 15,000 Andalus Muslims across the Mediterranean Sea occupied Crete island.
21:38 / He cut the nose of Admiral of Sicily 'Euphemius' due to a trivial woman problem. He announced independence and have entered under the governance of the Islamic emirate located in the Maghreb. Empire couldn't suppress the rebellion with the distance problem, abandoned dominion of the island of Sicily.
23:04 / He was afraid about extending the influence of the Catholic religion into eastern Europe. He invaded Bulgaria province and demand converting religion as Orthodox Church, not Catholic. Bulgaria Khan 'Boris I' couldn't refuse that offer due to the dizzying domestic situation. A lot of Bulgarians began to believe, with established Parish in Bulgaria.
22:39 / He became the emperor at 15 age. But he doesn't interested in state affairs and fell into Luxury and drinking. Later, He murdered by general "Basil I" hands.
24:05 / Emperor 'Basil I' was born a healthy Macedonian farmer and ignorant. Nevertheless, he opened the Macedonian dynasty (867~1057). He began to care about managing in the Italian province that there forgotten long, was sent a positive gesture into the Western European world. Also, he recaptured Otranto, Bari-cities in the south Italian region that was ruled by Muslims.
26:15 / Constantine VII" ascended to the imperial throne too young age. He couldn't stop who political power abuse of Patriarch Nicolaos. Also, he can't join in empire's rule due to his mother's regent directly. When he grew up to be an adult, he shared power with co-emperor 'Romanos I' and supported his policy like the farmers' protection policy.
28:43 / In the 10 century, eastern Rome captured an opportunity to expand territory into both sides, with the Abbas dynasty collapsed and Bulgaria civil war. Emperor" Nikephoros II" attacked Hamdan Dynasty and successfully captured the Cilicia region. March 6, 961, He recaptured Crete island from Muslims for just 100 years. Summer of 965, he led 40,000 troops and recaptured Cyprus Island. But he has a self-righteous and arrogant personality, was despises neighboring nations. Monastery, peasants, merchants were dissatisfied with his frequent overseas expedition and tired in burden it. He was murdered brutally by generals John I Tzimiskes'.
28:58 / Slavic leader 'Sviatoslav I' led 50,000 troops and invaded the empire inside. He defeats them with the Ambush tactic and tracks until the Bulgarian province. Surrounded the Veliki Preslav castle and have gained their surrender. In July of 973, Patama dynasty troops captured Amida and massacred Rome troops. He led troops and recaptured Amida and Antioch by retaliatory action. Palestine, Syria, Lebanon province returned to Eastern Rome just in 300 years, since Heraklios retreat there. But he died of diseases like typhoid, malaria while returning.
*31:38** / Basil II ascends to the imperial throne at 18 age. When his early reign, frequent civil wars shakes up his legitimacy. Above all, the civil war of Phokas(August 15, 987) is divided west and east, denied his rule legitimacy squarely, threatened his regime. He faced the greatest crisis and brought Varangian mercenary as conditions of sending his daughter into the Principality of Kyiv. Six-thousand brave Varangian troops repelled them, and the civil war ended. His regimes solidified and impounded all feudal lands owned by Anatolian nobilities’, and distributed them to the peasants’ class. July 29, 1014, In the Battle of the Kleidion, he defeated the Bulgarian Khanate and destroyed them. Their troops absorbed into Bulgarian theme. Before his death, the Rome empire stocked up 90-ton gold ($169.4 billion) with enormous financial improvement.*
31:57 / Emperor "Constantine IX" kept a stable domestic political state, and have succeeded in achieving the goal of Constantinople citizens' support. Also, he blocked a rebellion of Anatolian military nobilities. He extended senate seats and granted new opportunities to join in central politics for a merchant, local aristocratic. In 1047~1054, Seljuk Turks began to invade in Anatolian Peninsula, and it's brought pressure to the financial soundness of Rome with increased armament budgets. During his reign, all reserved golds became exhausted and began to enter into a national deficit. After his wife Zoe died, the Macedonian dynasty(Μακεδονική Δυναστεία) ended.
33:33 / Emperor "Michael VI" was a capable senior servant. Since he ascended the imperial throne, was followed the former emperor's policy and have stabilized domestic politics. But, Anatolian military nobilities were unsatisfied with his policy. Their leader 'Isaac I Komnenos' caused a military coup against him and marched into capitals. He didn't want to see bleed a Roman soldier and have resigned himself.
33:34 / Anatolian military aristocrats 'Isaac I Komnenos' was the founder of the Komnenos dynasty. He ascended the imperial throne with military coups, but he lost citizens' supports with rapidly increased taxation to improve the fiscal deficit. After, he became resigned forcibly by whose demands of aristocrats and citizens.
*34:04** / Seljuk Turks have victory against a fight with Buwaih Dynasty (آل بویِه ) and took massive territory, including Mesopotamia, Iran, Syria. Meanwhile, the Rome empire fell confused as frequent military coups. Turks came into Anatolian Peninsula like an enormous wave, collapsed the Armenia defense line. In August 1071, Emperor" Romanos IV" led 70,000 troops and fought Seljuk Turks. While a battle, nobles of Dukas house led troops were escaped in battlefield suddenly, and Romanos IV became captive by Turks. Rome fell into civil war once again, and there was no existed garrison to protect Anatolia Peninsula due to disarmament and losses of military strength. As a result, Turks occupied most regions in the Anatolian Peninsula like an ebb tide.*
34:20 / Incompetent emperor 'Michael VII Doukas' abandoned national defense of empire and watched their invasion lethargic. Emperor's authority fell to the ground and became an object of ridicule from Citizens, and each regional governor caused a rebellion. Constantinople Senates imprisoned him in a monastery with forced resignation.
*35:18** / In a terrible and desperate situation, emperor "Alexius I" ascended the imperial throne and opened the Komnenos dynasty once again. He enforced new currency reform by distributing the Hyperpyron coin to rebuild shattered empire troops. The new coin uses as payment means for taxation, and currency chaos disappeared with increasing coin purity of 7/8. He wrote a letter that Rome Pope to request sending Western European mercenaries. But, that request unexpectedly turns into a 60,000 Crusader expedition, and it's become a big worry for the emperor. Autumn 1116, at the Philomelion battle, he achieved victory against Seljuk Turk's leader “Malik-Shah I" and recaptured several cities on Anatolian East Coast, including the Nicea, Ephesus, Smyrna. He bequeaths the stabilized empire to his son and died 62 age.*
37:42 / Emperor "John II" ascended the imperial throne. He extended territory until Antiochian Province to restore the lost Anatolian Peninsula. Also, he built a fortress in Major cities and reinforced walls to prevent the Rum Seljuk Turk invasion. Pechenegs tribe invaded the empire and sacked Rome's village. He gave many treasures to them and earned time for the coming of main troops. In the Beroia Battle, the empire troops suddenly attacked their camp middle of the night and killed them all. He has shot by a poison arrow while hunting and died from sepsis.
39:36 / During his reign, Rome citizens extended cultural exchange with Europeans but, Anti-Western European sentiment increased against Rome citizens' view. In the 12 century, Western European civilization systematized and developed, and it's changed 180 degrees traditional Rome worldview that has known Europe as a barbarian. Emperor Manuel I' tried to marriage frequently with the European kingdom than the previous generation to prevent European invasion. Diplomatically, he restored most of Anatolia territory, except Inland, and extended the influence until Hungary. But, he wastes the 2.16 million gold-coin in military expeditions to South Italy. Even Military expeditions to Cairo with the united crusaders failed. Also, he loses a chance to oust Turks in the Anatolian Peninsula at the Myriokephalon battle. He worried about the next succession and died at 60 age.
40:09 / Little brother "Andronikos I" took the imperial throne and killed his brother son 'Alexios II'. Western Europeans, senior-servants families, empire officials were slaughtered by his ruthless tyranny and became a good excuse for the aggression into the empire. Sicilian Norman Knight landed their land and occupied the metropolis 'Thessalonica' and have massacred Romans. Constantinople citizens and senate fell in panic and have fury his inadequacy and tyranny. Sicilian Norman Knight marched where nearby Constantinople and threatened the empire's national defense. Angry citizens dragged him and killed him with amputating arms and legs, making crown seat Isaac II instead.
40:47 / He sold officials-seat like a vegetable marketer for armament replenishment purposes. Especially, he collected heavy taxes viciously against Bulgarian peasants. Spring of 1186, Angry Bulgarians caused rebellion and took all their province. Eventually, they rebuilt the Second Bulgarian kingdom through independence and escape from empire rule. Also, Armenians built an independent kingdom in Cilicia province in Southeast of Anatolia. Corruption, a conflict between Westerners and Eastern Romans, repeated defeat in the war with Bulgaria, heavy taxation is brought citizens angry, and his eyeball was plucked and into jail by his brother "Alexios III".
41:14 / He attempted to return the diplomatic direction of Emperor Manuel's age. But, each local province already escaped central government control, and tax collectors were afraid of collecting the tax when local dispatch. Meanwhile, Alexios IV(son of Isaac II ) has requested attacks on Constantinople to the crusaders and promised to payment immense rewards as a condition to regain the regime. In 1204, crusaders & Venice troops captured Constantinople, and Alexios IV became emperor with their help. But, there was no money left, and demanded high taxation for citizens, to pay compensation. Anger citizens killed him and refused the Crusaders' requirements.
*41:24** / In 1204, Crusaders and Venice navy attacked Constantinople and occupied Rome's capital. For three days, all Emperor's tombs were destroyed by European Crusaders hands, and Cultural Heritage burned, including the Blachernae palace(τὸ ἐν Βλαχέρναις Παλάτιον). A lot of art and relics in the Orthodox Church became plundered. Crusaders collected 8 million Hyperpyron coins (Rome coin)with sacking.*
Bro seriously when did theodosius 2 build walls around constantinople. 😂
Great work!!! I didn´t knew, that the term "Byzantine" was invented in the 16th century. Of course I knew, that the official name was "Romane Empire" as for the Frankish Empire under Charlemagne and the Holy Roman Empire (German Empire or better German Federation). Very accurate and detailed work, a masterpiece, Thank you very much!!!❤❤❤
The sad music at the end made this perfect
RIP Roman Empire
27BC - 1204AD
“Envied by all and betrayed by those who called her ‘friends’. May she live on in the hearts of us and all who would pretend to be her.”
U mean Byzantine empire 🇬🇷
@@kingtryfon5702 Byzantine is actually not what they called themselves
@@kingtryfon5702 Byzantine is a term a German catholic made up 100 years after it fell. This was to “soften” the FACT they were called “Romans” by the Latins and Muslims, and cover up Pope’s involvement with 1204 and to give more credence to the Holy Roman Empire which they knew they had no real Roman claim. History is written by the victor and ultimately the Romans fell to Turks and Latins, hence their retelling is the first we hear.
1453 indeed
@@rockstar450 and that is why the great western powers did not want the liberation of the Greeks, and they never allowed them, to take back Constantinople...
let's say it all...
Great video but one little issue, Leo ll became emperor in January 474 and then died in November of 474 at the age of 7 and Zeno took over because he became co-emperor before his sons death.
I mention it because his portrait pops up again after Basiliscus’s one, was probably just a mistake on the editing part but just thought I’d point it out. Zeno was in charge till 491.
Greece back then: Invades the whole Italian peninsula with a snap
Greece now: Cyprus join me pls
It's the other way round
Cyprus can't into Greece
??? Καμία σχέση
Greece back then invaded the whole mediteranian
Why Greece?! Wtf. Greece is young country.
@@alex-em4em what do you mean
I like how as time progresses music become more quiet and less powerfull
Eastern Roman Empire *
At the same time,I mean Western Roman Empire...:Have some problem with the Catholic people...
A={x|×=5
No, it is the Roman Empire. The division of the Empire did not establish two entities called the West and East Roman Empire, both of them were still the Roman Empire. The primary division was the empire was ruled by two emperors instead of one, started by the Tertrarchy and continuing until the fall of the Western half. The citizens of the Eastern Half still called themselves Roman's, the emperors still held the title of Roman emperor. The notion that they were different buys into both ignorance in Western Europe and what the Catholic rulers, especially the Holy Roman Emperor, would have wanted, as it showed the Eastern Half isn't the true empire, just a rump state. Sadly for them, that isn't true and the Eastern Half is still very much the Roman Empire.
@@statue1128 shut up son
Read the text in the beginning.
I think it’s sad that the map just keeps getting smaller until there’s nothing left
Man I can't wait till the every hour edition comes out
I'd say this video has two defects of sorts:
1) It only lists the senior emperor, not the co-emperor(s) and that removes some of the most important rulers that were either regents (Irene of Athens during Constantine VI's childhood, Romanos I) or very important co-emperors (John VI Kantakouzenos).
2) After 1204 it defaults to the position that the Empire of Nicaea is the legitimate successor to the Eastern Roman Empire and doesn't show neither Epirus nor Trebizond.
March 628 passes
Heraclius: I'm gonna do what's called a pro-gamer move!
Muslims be like: Bruh
@@elsieandrade4708 Persians were not Muslim yet in 628.
@@macedoniaoneandindivisible8127 She though on Arab Caliphate, not on Persians
My favourite Empire by far . No one compares to Rome .
Byzantium WAS Rome
@@henricoz_9745 west rome 😕
East rome 😇😊
Mine as well... What a fascinating empire and culture. Man how much I love the Byzantine Empire
@@henricoz_9745Constantinople*
Salute to Rome, they never gave up fighting, always fought for prosperity, the well being of the empire. Everything has to end, this Empire being no different. Dynasty by Dynasty, Loss over Loss, they always recovered and were ready for round two. Respect 👏
WTF this must have been so hard to make, ive been waiting for this for years and its even really accurate!
I love how the music changes at @23:31, a pleasant one to indicate byzantine golden age
Haha yes. The Byzantine golden age (860-1060)was probably the best time to be a Roman citizen after the collapse of the west.
@@hopeundertheblacksun Absolutely. The weakened Abbasid power and disintegration of centralised Islamic power into various states ensured less agression from east
@@abhishekpawar2127 nice to see a fellow Indian actually interested in Roman history :)
@@hopeundertheblacksun welcome 🙏
Eastern Roman empire... Byzantine was a city made from megareus,stop being barbarian
Pope of Rome called Byzantine
ΕΙΝΑΙ ΒΥΖΑΝΤΙΟ ΔΩΔΕΚΑΘΕΗΣΤΗ
@@Hellspawn16 keep telling yourself that