How Alternator works + DIY Voltage Regulator
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- Опубликовано: 25 июл 2016
- Taking Apart Engine: • Taking Apart Engine
I thought I had an idea about how this stuff worked, so I built this rig to see if I was right. I'm sure they use a more sophisticated voltage regulator but this proved the concept for me.
Get a cheap Arduino and play with it!: amzn.to/2iE9T8K
Many things were diluted into a basic conceptual understanding that I wanted to get across. Physicists and Engineers please don't be mad at me.
To see what I'm up to as it happens, follow me on / sammsheperd
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a mechanic, electrician, machinist, and a computer tech?? what I'm doing w my life
😞
After reading this I have asked my self the same question and I hope you have been motivated to become the greatest that you are. Regardless of my past mistakes I am thankful I have been allowed to see beyond the waste for time left given.
@kenzieeyy8508 The first is a acknowledging. No worries friend for more than half have not arrived where you are. Do your best from this for if time you have been given feels not enough their is someone among your presence that if given a chance your time spent helping will bless their time and make yours forever become eternal.
Thank you for making this video. I kept pausing, writing down, going back, and will watch again a few more times. I bought a mint 81 rabbit diesel, it had a 55 amp motorola alternatir in it, I upgraded the stereo system, and put a single wire chevy alternator in there, that supposedly will put out 225 amps at higher throttle. My fuel mileage went from a consistant 51-53 mpg to 46-47 mpg with just the alternator change. I bought a fluke 325 amp clamp, turned everything up and on in the car and the amp clamp at higher rpms is reading 60 amps.
Every time you say “simple” I gulp
Amazing work!
I'm impressed with the home made voltage regulator. you could have saved a lot of time getting one off the shelf but making your own shows great initiative and ingenuity.
I haven't actually been taught the 3 things, I came up with that, so if there is some fatal flaw in it let me know.
Hi Samm, I think there is no fatal flaw in the above mentioned except that you left out the current flow through the generator. With increased current there is more voltage drop on the internal resistance of the generator windings.
the theory behind input and output of a generator is an error that is classically taught in shool. actually you don't have an alternator, you have a motor that is reverse run as a alternator. relative motion between magnet an output winding causes motor reaction. if magnet and winding is stationary and steel slide in between magnet and coil, power is still generated even this there is no reactive force. such a system i describe is a real alternator and i have built one that worked, that had zero mechanial resistance and a noticable current on the output.
So make a video about it. Don't be shy.
You didn't put the valve cover on.
only thing i would have done differently is using a more common alternator with a built in regulator/rectifier circuit ... in many occasions where i have had small engine machines and needed to add such a thing (charge a battery for a winch or power lights) i have always gone to the abundant and inexpensive delco one wire type .... it has one big terminal that goes directly to the battery (hense the name) and thats all that needs to be connected .... from there it does have two small spade connectors for ammeter and warning light but those arent needed to generate power
Absolutely fascinating! Advanced electrical, computer programming, and combustion engine all in one. I love this!
I remember few year ago...I was working with a car generator to be used by students in a bicycle project. Well at the beginning it was hard to spin the generator until we start to put a large resistor to the cable that goes to magnetize the field. The larger the resistor the easy to spin the alternator... obviously less power...but the student did Ok getting about 100 watts for few minutes....until getting exhausted,,,
Good effort Samm!!!
You are brilliant and this was kinda fun to watch. I love how you edit the video so efficiently.
Amazing ! So great to watch - This 57 year old learnt a lot.
Many thanks.......all the way from London.
dude I love you problem solving skills !
one of the best DIY videos I watched
Physics teacher here so yeah! I love your work :)
How is this channel not famous just subbed
I liked it, very well put. You were a little too fast though, everything you stated quickly could've had a little more detail too is in a slower pace so everything could be completely understood.
This is all pretty basic stuff
5 minutes into a 7 minute video and you FINALLY start talking about the regulator.
Fellow uni student here, pretty much nailed all the important bits.
Great video Sam, I love it! keep it up!
i love your video's!!!! all of them. keep doing wat you are doing
Nice that you uploaded the other video :)
Really well explained, thanks
Very ingenious! like the timing advance on the ignition 👍
Hi Sam, Interesting project. How much watts did you able to reach with that engine?
Very well explained. Thank you!
Why 132 dislikes? I am a mechanical/electrical engineer, and this is a very acceptable explination, the video description i fairly precise and the guy seems OK....
Well the recipetiers for the Alternator are below the feild winding because when it’s rewinding the Alternator needs to go through the fresh hold at only 13volts when they regulate between Engine spins because they are meticulously harder to spin with lower Voltage power through pin13
Hey. I'm looking to make a vertical wind turbine as a school project. I need the turbine to generate enough power to charge a car/hobby battery. I'm a little confused on how I use the alternator. I need help with fully understanding on how to wire up an alternator so it can charge a battery. If it's possible, can you make a video
Sir, you are just a genius! Respect
Greetings Samm. I've got a question. What transistor did you use for the voltage regulator circuit? Thanks
Hi Sam it seems like you need some smoothing for your field circuit. what about using a capacitor ? or something like a comparitor to produce an analog output? I like the little engine though... I have some similar ones with a permanent magnet alternator built into the flywheel. they are out of a chinese inverter generator. I was trying to make an auto start circuit so the gasoline generator could be hooked to some batteries (24 volt) and use the batteries to run an inverter. The idea is to use solar and wind as the primary charging but the engine as a last resort. I'd like it to be all automatic. This way you could use power and have the system guarantee that your power is always available. This would be great for an off grid power system such as a remote cabin or camping.
Well the recipetiers for the Alternator are below the feild winding because when it’s rewinding the Alternator needs to go through the fresh hold at only 13volts when they regulate between Engine spins because they are meticulously harder to spin with lower Voltage power
Good job!!
Very nice project and explanation. Thank you for the upload!!!!
I love your starting system at 6:00.
you're. the smarthest. guy I've. seen yet.
That's so cool! I'm playing with the ardunio so I can control throttle to power up based on alternator load. Having a hard time with the code. It would be so cool if I could accomplish this.
Nice video!
Cool educational vid, keep it up.
That miniature ignition system is very cool.
Excelent Excelent video. Thanks for sharing
Hey, any advice on where to look for an old aircraft alternator?
nice video sir
where'd you get the ignition system? very neat
Well done! =)
Really enjoyed your brilliant video ! Instead of having a built in regulator, or even a divorced regulator that resides under the hood, (usually bolted to the firewall), most modern car/truck alternators are controlled by the PCM. I'd really like to know if the code is as simple as yours- I'll bet it is !.... why not ? Turn on the field, when necessary, and turn it off when it's not needed. Furthermore, many cars, especially Chrysler products have battery temp sensors, so the code could be written to charge the battery according to temperature. Also, I've seen inductive sensors on the battery cables, indicating to me, the PCM is monitoring current flow to the battery. All of these points could be adjusting the voltage and using the "on/off" principle you've displayed in this video. ---Kudos !
It's very crude. PWM is the proper way, and how OEMs do it.
@@blackz06 You are correct, since my post in 2014, I have since learned it is PWM. Also, if you read my reply (above), everyone of the points I made turned out to be true. But I missed one. The algorithm also attempts to extend battery life !
@@mark_osborne Yeah, I was just commenting on the PWM aspect.
What was that ignition system you used for the motor??
Gonna need a cooling fan if you want the motor to stay at operating temperature. I suggest getting a pulley off an air compressor, some have a fan with a pulley built around the outside.
I love that 4 stroke.
I'm doing something along these lines. I have one of those 350 watt Free Electricity wind generators that goes on a stationary bike. I picked up a cheap 12v drill for the motor that will run the generator via chain. I could simply put a voltage regulator between the generator and battery bank, but I need to figure out how to turn the motor on when the voltage in the battery bank dips and off when it gets back up to where it belongs. This would let me run a hydroponic greenhouse without grid electric.
I like the throttle control, the way you move the hall sensor's position.. huehuehue. By the way what transistor you are using? 2NXXX???.... or IRFXXX???...
Nice video man I apreciate it not as simple to understand for me as it may would be am engineer but my education is probably not up to par to some but thanks I did learn a few things
Rest in Peace, Sam.
Can you tell me where to find that ignition system?
hobbyking or other rc shops
Very.good.job
What are you studying? Reminds me of A&P school but you seem more like an engineer ( in a good way) Nice timing adjustment :) Fun projects, thumbs up.
I have a B.S. in Aviation Technology. I'm a CFI and commercial AMEL. I also worked in hangers for like 3 years working on aircraft under A&P's but never persued my own A&P qualifications. I can sure change the oil and pull the plugs in a jiffy though. I was put off by engineering when I learned it was all just solid math. I didn't learn to appreciate what engineering was until 2 years into college
That little engine is running sweet. You've done well and great find. I'm not sure how cold it is where you are but if you have a little desk fan handy and set it up so its blowing over the engine... I mean if its going to run for any longer than a few minutes that is, it mighn't be a bad idea.
Thanks! Yea I can't run it for more than a few minutes before it gets too hot and starts to burn oil. I was doing power output tests with an RC airplane motor and propeller which I was also using to cool the motor.
thanks
FULL BRIDGE RECIFIER!!
thumbs up for the project
But my question is how do i make work Arduino as an AVR "Automatic Voltage Regulator" to which i connect an electric motor as driver and another electric motor as generator?.
What i want to know is where can i find the code for arduino in order to make work arduino as AVR and which components i need?
If you don't know please keep your urge of posting anything since it won't be of any use to me or anybody else that is loocking for similar help, avoid stupid comments THANK YOU!.
Do please all of you that think to say you cannot generate electricity with an electric motor well i tell you you are ignorant and you should go back to school!most of all you should get well informed with what materials are built both electric motors and generators.
Someone said: Ignorance is a Blessing for Fools and Idiots.
if you put load on the alternator there will be resistance in the alternators axle and you need more gas to keep it running. you must make a controller to keep the rpms. but this is on alternators with voltage regulator and no field winding (comon cars alternator)
where do yo get all the alternators from? I need one can you tell me where to get one used?
I walked to the shop at the airport and was like "do you have any un-airworthy alternators I can use for a project?"
Hey Samm, really cool video!
Just out of curiosity: Why didn't you use the PWM output of the Arduino and then a simple PI-controller (implemented on the arduino) to control the PWM output?
Also, when switching a current to an inductor don't forget to use a free-wheeling diode. Otherwise you might damage your components. Especially with a Coil as big as this one.
An aircraft mechanic told me this is how an alternator controller works, so I guess this was my test. I'm also not very proficient with arduinos or coding.
Yea I wasn't sure how a transistor would handle the spike when turning off an inductor. Thanks for the info.
That weedwhacker motor runs way too nice at such low rpm
the main reason I clicked on this video is that little motor. or engine. that little thing is cool! do you know what brand it is. and the displacement. I would like to get one. and what kind of ignition system was that? I never seen one like that before. I already knew how a alternator works. but I really like seeing cutaways. but I couldn't ever make one from something useful. I guess its just seeing all the parts at home. views from there point of view. great video.
well explained and keep it up.
Lucky Chileya unfortunately this amazing man passed away recently, Rest In Peace.
my condolences,i was hoping to learn more from the good man,RIP
There's six diodes in the alternator not three. What's the model of the outrunner motor you show? Looks like it could really move some weight around.
2:50 "There are six big diodes that are used to...."
It's an Emax 5335 - 08
Dude is smart!
So when I plug in my batteries my brushless motors are very hard to spin is it because what you should on the brushless motor or is it the voltage of the battery my Leipold battery is a 11.1 V battery thx if you could help that would be great
+Michael Hefner well the brake function on some esc's just connects the wires together to slow it down.
You think there is a problem? I'm not sure I understand what it is.
Good videos
Nice job. I assume you put a free-wheeling diode across pin 13. I must say I have seen some crude ignition advance mechanisms, but yours takes the cake. But of course it works.
Why a diode across pin 13? Nevermind... just remembered the field is a coil lol
Is it possible to regulate up to 48-50v for charging a 48v battery bank?
Its always possible to use a step up DC/DC converter to inchrase the voltage.
mikeman400 yes you will have to spinn the generator verry fast tought.
mikeman400 im getting 330v from a car alternator thath i have to gear up to about 10k to 20k rpm.
mikeman400 you need to make your own voltage regulator the one in the vid i dont think will handle 48v
Duett A Traktor it is possible to get 220v AC by car alternator???
Fun video!
You are smart but forgot many aspects here. Reluctance, Induction, Impedance, Power Factor, the list goes on.. The fact you know of an alternator as a three phase delta source supplying (3 diodes/Sometimes 6) to direct current via a voltage regulator is good enough for me.. The ignition setup, Writing code, You sir are elevated in I.Q for sure.
It is highly, highly unlikely that the alternator/generator is wound as a delta. Almost all generators are internally wired as a Y (some people call that a star). It is possible that vehicle alternators are wired as a delta but I would bet a lot of money that that alternator is wired as a Y.
Shouldn't there be SIX diodes for full wave rectification?
Hello, thank you for this marvelous video filled with amazing knowledge. I am Alee and I would like to ask you a question that you can hopefully provide feedback. I am not a electrician by some definition but by others I am for we, us , everyone creates energy of some sort so electrician as a whole are. Fast forward: Can you provide with any advice or opinion for those that have wondered how to modify a lawn weed Wacker or and lawnmower by converting the start up to a switch instead of the original pull start mechanism?
Car alternators generally have a voltage regulator built into them.
Really cool video. You actually show it better than some dedicated 'engine channels'.
The naming of alternators etc. really confuses me. Most motorbikes have alternators, but I have one that uses this field coil (why?) and one without. Also the 2nd one uses a regular 3-wire-in and 2-wire-out regulator/rectifier while the one with the field coil uses a 7 pin version?
Yea it seems every alternator has a different way of doing the same thing. Motorcycles usually use permanent magnet generators which they call "stators" and maybe big fancy new motorcycles use actual alternators. It always confused me fundamentally how they could get away with permanent magnet generators. It seems the answer is to let the battery absorb the inconsistencies and maybe use a resistance based voltage regulator. Because under load the voltage will sag.
Yes the battery acts as a buffer "capacitor", and the R/R must be connected to the battery for proper usage.
The permanent magnet alternators use to have 3 sets of windings and only use 1 for running without the lights and the other 2 were connected through the light switch and on a long trip with high revs and not much use of the brake lights or indicators the battery would boil dry, and light globes would burn out because of the high voltage. Later bikes used a shunt regulator to turn the extra power into heat , not good for power at the wheel or fuel economy. The only other option is to switch the output to the battery on and off to control the output voltage PWM. Much easier to control the 1-2 amps of the field than the full output of 20 amps plus
I have a 1978 Honda CT90. It has no voltage regulator and the battery boils dry :)
What do you think is the maximum useful output of an unregulated alternator to charge batteries for an hour as quickly as possible? The idea is to charge in an interval for an hour and let it rest for an hour or preferably two. And again. Thus reducing the generator run time to minimum (1:1 or even better one to two).
Alternators have a maximum current rating
There may be considerable safety margin for continuous output. Ideally all amps would be taken out without melting anything during the charge interval. The shorter the charge interval, the more rest for the alternator. I guess it has to be tested in a lab.
too much info for my brain JK. But you made like a bec?? Love your videos
Were can i get one of those electronic ignition systems.
www.ch-ignitions.com/
hobbyking, check for cdi for single piston gas rc plane.
Whats the name of that motor
Ok I will see you next vid
do a car alternator push d same current example 100amps at high rpm n low rpm? ..
Instead of the perspective of "pushing amps" lets say that the system tries to draw that load of current. Alternators are able to provide more current at higher RPM, because there is a lot of voltage sag in the alternator and the system when under high current draw. So when high current is drawn, the voltage that the system sees drops and then the alternator can produce a higher voltage so that the system then continues to see the correct voltage.
Ever thing of making one of these set up with an electric motor add 4 deep cell batteries I think it would be one hell of a generator
Arduino in application like this looks like overkill. :)
when's your next video coming out?
I am unable to schedule my videos. Currently it's dependent on the weather
hey what size of brushless motor are you using
Lol, um.. that's an EMAX GT5335 -08 250kv
wow thats big I usually use a gt 2215
Yea I haven't used it on anything it's from some crazy idea I had and didn't finish
yea i also have some big motors like that that i haven't used
oww dude... so cool!
I need complete wiring demo of car
How does a electro motive train work? Electrically and mechanical.
I'm no expert in that, but I'm pretty sure they use a huge engine as a generator and an electric motor for propulsion. This is because of the ridiculous amount of torque that trains need. Electric motors can provide crazy torque at 0 RPM. Essentially using the electric generator/motor as a transmission that needs no clutch and stuff.
so is this why you wanted to get into the machine shop the other day? lol
No I did all this in the fall lol. This thing sat in my shed all winter, I filmed all this a month ago. I'm slow.. haha
lol! i recognized the engine, I think I remember you showing me, or at least telling me about it, glad you figured out how to control the spark
Also why do have 1.4=14.2 commented out in the code? Your voltage divider gives a ratio of 0.09, with 1.5V sensor voltage that should be 16,6 Volts output voltage. The output voltage seen in the video seems to be much lower than 16.6. Perhaps you should make some more hysteresis between the on and off voltages to keep the switch from switching madly between on and off with a correspondingly low duty cycle. For example 1.4 is off, 1.3 is on to get a nice 15V charging voltage.
+Mikhail Morozov honestly is been a long time since I figured it out. I should document things better.
Man I miss samm’s videos. What a loss to society...........
What car you got there?
2002 Jetta GLI
***** oh it looked cooler from the inside
2.8L VR6 24v DOHC 200hp
***** fair enough
I didn't now about the energy with the 3 connectors on your motor
It only has 3 wires because it's wound in a 3 phase configuration. The alternator is also wound in 3 phase. But a single phase configuration (2 wires sticking out) is also perfectly fine.
Samm Sheperd, sorry but I think that it was midnight when I commented so I didn't understand anything. sorry to waste your time.
thanks No worries man :) I was just browsing through older comments. Glad you found it insightful
Samm Sheperd, crud! - Wish i knew the things you knew in regard to electronics, And in my case my desire to use a homemade bike pedal sprocket drive system. Wouldn't that be a self-reliant project to drive a small generator to juice my weak battery during the dubious times the car will not start in the middle of nowhere. mrflarkusAtgeemail
God man this Doode would have been the next Tesla... His intelligence is ridiculous, "creating a Square Wave Pulse Width or something"
why did you connect it to pin 13 when you want it be PWM?????
+Andrew Maraguinot it's not true pwm
pin11,10,9,6,5,3 are the pwm pins??
The field's PWM is triggered by the rise/drop of the output alternator voltage and not the arduino's internal clock.
Ok got it, why won't my truck run?
Make me one please
i had learned that diodes make elec go one way only ,,they dont change ac to dc ! an inverter does that ,,,,whats up !
Diodes are used to turn AC into DC. Inverters are used to turn DC into AC
diodes are a one way switch kinda ,,,your wrong INVERTERS CHANGE AC/TO DC OR REVERSED
usually I watch videos sped up by 1.5 or 2 but you're talking too fast for me lmao never thought I'd say that. i tried slowing it down by .5 but then that was too slow...
I think this is only because i don't know what you're talking about so my comprehension is slow and you're talking at a cool speed had I been able to comprehend better, so i just play things over a couple times when you lose me.
I though alternators had a voltage regulator built in.
Some do
***** Thanks I'm going to build a hydro and wasn't sure what to use.
France
And your supper smart
His breakfast ain't so dumb either.
How do you know what I eat for breakfast? lol