Neanderthal Apocalypse | Full Science Documentary - Part 1
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- Опубликовано: 29 сен 2024
- 40, 000 years ago the steppes of Eurasia were home to our closest human relative, the Neanderthals. Recent discoveries have proven that they were cultured, technologically savvy and more like humans than we ever imagined! Let us find out how they disappeared...
In Part 1 of Neanderthal Apocalypse, we look at how the Neanderthal physique and hunting techniques could have contributed to their demise. What role did muscle mass play in surviving harsh winter months?
Neanderthal Disappearance: • A Super Volcano Killed...
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I'm not related to neanderthal at all
No foreskin equals no Paradise.
Llol9lo
This "disappearance" idea... Isn't absorption into the "modern" population a much more likely scenario, especially since pretty much all of the Neandertal genome may be found scattered throughout the Modern non-African population?
Yes! And it was pretty cringe how the arrival of “modern human” was shown as sub-Saharans, who carry up to 20% homo erectus dna, not present in any European or Asian humans. Modern Europeans are a Cro-Magnon/Neanderthal hybrid.
It was probably a combination of these factors
Not Africa fully, Only sub-saharan Africa.
Always a combination of events
@@oftin_wong True. But not a combination of just any randomly chosen events. Some events will be relevant, others won't.
The narrator pronounces "Neanderthal" correctly. That should be worth a million more views.
BOTH Neandertal AND Neanderthal are acceptable spellings in the scientific lexicon.
But only in the English translation.
In the original German, both A's are pronounced as if you start pronouncing the letter R in English.
The word also ends with "er" in German and not with "s".
Neandertaler.
You here people talk about past lives and reincarnation, I really think I've got neanderthal in my blood, I've got caveman written all over me, I'm a carnivore, I mean sometimes my brain says give me meat, I love fire, campfires, bonfires, I love fire, and I appreciate a roof over my head, aka, cave. Yup, caveman.
Get a genealogy DNA test and find out. I did and found out I’m 2% Neanderthal.
@@dreamzofhorses sounds like he needs a dating app lol
Fascinating . A life harbouring planet is a fascinating thing. It seems somewhat that current homo sapiens might encounter such crisis. How long can one treat a planet like a U.S. Walmart ?
Are Walmart's treated well?
@@MrSnakekaplan 🙂
I'm gonna watch this. But, I believe both Neanderthal and Dennisovian people remained clannish and stayed in basic broad family structures. The Latter arriving Homo Sapiens were society builders, and thus shared technology, and in growing societies, you have to secure and protect more resources. In doing that, as was in the Americas when great civilizations sacrificed 100s of thousands of their resource competitors, we Homo Sapiens wiped out our more peaceful and less advanced predecessors throughout Europe, Asia, and Eurasia...
Of all human ancestors out there, I feel a great affinity with the Neanderthals
why?
This whole video doesn't mention with one word what die Neanderthal men really lacked and what homo sapiens, the modern homan, has. That is their ability to form large societies beyond small groups of individuals personally known to each other - right up to the empires of ancient and modern history.
My brothers are shorter and a lil wider built. My mom and dad’s fathers and uncles were 6 foot two and they were born a long time ago so there’s a weird mix going on in his family like all families. Ha ha. I love history of the Earth and humans!💜🦉
Or Mom just had flexible mating practices...
Many male adult Neandertal skeletons exhibit major fractures that have healed. When anthropologists showed this evidence to some orthopedic surgeons the physicians said the fractures were identical to those they found in rodeo participants who came in contact with large animals. This meant Neanderthal hunters came "up close and personal" with large animals to kill them, and sometimes be seriously injured by them - or killed.
No way. Bull riding! 😁😁
Well I'd guess hunting the large animals of that era probably went wrong at least 50 percent of the time. Getting trampled or even gored was a risk worth taking, all in days work.
Or they road dirt bikes
Actually Neanderthals still exist, they are called Europeans. Pushing the myth that Neanderthals went extinct is just another part of the agenda to actually genocide Europeans. Another part of that effort is to completely misrepresent what Neanderthals actually looked like. Yet another part of that effort is to completely misrepresent the Lascaux caves as an origin point for "all humanity" this is blatantly false.
there has never ben a complete skull found.. thats just stoooped
They co-existed for thousands of years. So there was no "clash" or war. The strongest DNA simply win out over time. Neanderthal wasn't a separate species. Their best attributes survive amongst us. We are them to some degree.
Yes, they co existed for 2-5,000 years, one paper says. There is no sign of a 3000 year war; I've heard there's no sign of any human/neanderthal violence. Sapiens gradually outnumbered Neanders over time
This is the type of history I love. The way ice cores can reveal what the atmosphere was like in a given time period just blows my mind. I'm thankful to be a dolt with enough understanding of what scientists offer freely to everyone. Do people actually understand how lucky they are to be aware of so much because of the labors of truly gifted people? I grew up on Marlin Perkins, Jacques Cousteau, and Carl Sagan/Nova. This is all available basically for free to everyone with an internet connection. I just love all of it, our story upon a moist rock hurtling through space. A few hundred years ago your life expectancy was 30 or 40 years less than what it is now, IF you survived all the childhood diseases. Your life would've been HARD. I'm in my glory. 😅✌
@@johnnyjericho8472 really like this commnet
yes but is it original content or from another source?
Sadly we will likely gobthexway of ancient Rome after the next World war with only small pockets of enlightenment throughout our planet.We are just lucky that octopus only have a 4 year life span as other than that flaw they are a much more fit species for enlightenment on so many levels than we are
Well the lifespans werent much shorter than ours. The very high child mortality skews the average lower by alot. But I agree, I could never learn enough growing up and watched Nova every Thursday night.
"We are standing on the shoulders of giants" every single person who insisted that their wildly different idea was right and tried to prove it, often at risk to their own social standing, have contributed to the mountain of knowledge we have now. Knowledge we can share in real time, at light speed, with anyone or everyone who wants to share it. Not bad for peculiar primates with no claws or fur.
@DiabolicDoug life Span hasnt changed much, life expectancy has....InRoman times most people were dead before 40 and up till modern dentistry and Penecillin..People did not smile in portraits because they had no teeth .
Also, burial practice aside. Evidence has shown that Neanderthal people had an understanding of medical practices. Splints applied to fractured or broken bones, bones that were broken or fractured show signs of healing without or minimal deformity. Let alone one example of a Neanderthal that was gravely injured, orbital socket damaged, ear bones damaged, a withered arm and I believe c5 vertebrae deterioration which caused crippling effects to the right side of his body. And yes this man lived into his estimated 40s. Amazing discovery of our past.
anyone with half a brain could work out how to use a splint, it's called common sense.
@@MrShnazer clearly you have less than that if you don't realize the vast differences between knowing something like that in this day and age compared to figuring it out 50,000 years ago.
@@MrShnazer Maybe so. But they didn't have the conveniences of readily available bandages, tape, straight supports for a splint, that sort of thing. As far as I know, Neanderthals didn't have first aid kits, so they had to create splints from what was available in Nature.
This whole process is reversed. These ancients came from the North, spread east and southward into Now, Africa.
there has never been found a complete skeleton nor a complete appendage. thats just stooped
So much pure conjecture in this documentary. Just the facts ma’am. The history channel became the story time channel. Sad.
They're telling the facts in a way you can understand. If you want more than "conjecture", then watching documentaries isn't how you learn it. They have a limited amount of time to convey ideas. Read books instead instead of criticizing others.
@@josephdavis1704they are stating a few facts and then make up the balance of the story (90%). This is just a reality.
@@josephdavis1704also, a documentary is suppose to be based on FACTS, not conjecture, at least in my experience. Of course, you get generations are use to accepting feelings and conjecture as reality, so there is that.
I lived in Gibraltar when I was a young boy. I find it fascinating to think that Neanderthal lived in the caves around the base of the rock.
Short and stocky is better than thin and tall in the cold. That's a well-known fact we don't need a test.
also part of the time that Neanderthals lived there, there was a land bridge across what is now the Straights of Gilbralter. when the seas rose from ice melt that bridge was flooded over. the waterfall refilling the Med would have been enormous
Gibraltar was their last stand against the hono sapiens
The closest thing to modern day man is the cro magnon
I was raised in the Neanderthal :-) So I understand very well...
Just a thought. Wouldn't you mark a cave as yours near the entrance. What if it was just grooves from making tools or sharpening spears or something. Over thousands of years as you guys said
thats exactly why i like to sift thru the comments . many thoughtful Ideas, like yours
Most of the show is pure speculation based on the sparsest of evidence.
Nationalist racial profiling.... why would Neanderthals have looked Germanic?
Germanic, is an Indo-European language (non native)
Only Europeans have Neanderthal admixture.
@@stowlicters8362 Asians have even more than Europeans.
I worked for this guy last year they still live amongst us
😂
😂
He was my boss in 2011! They really did travel a lot, didn't they? 😄
Remember science is always testing itself when new information is presented. It will change as new information is found. So it’s important to keep up to date with the latest findings and research. It’s what I appreciate and find fascinating about science, anthropology, sociology … it’s the best mystery!
And don't believe "the science is settled "that is NOT science!
@@gregholl5011 Mostly true, at least. "The sciences is settled" until and unless new evidence "stirs it up" in a figurative sense similar to the sediment in a flowing river is settled until stirred up.
It is, indeed, constantly flowing with pebbles, rocks, even stones and rarely boulders getting disturbed enough to be noticeable. However, if 95% or 99% of them are settled in place, we would agree that this river bed is settled.
This is important as the most common anti-science strategy is to give the allusion of the science not being settled in many cases. Tobacco corporations did this and were able to keep it up for almost 100 years as the single-most dangerous "every day" ingestible item. Industrial agricultural corporations are doing this. Carbon-based energy companies are doing this. The science is indeed "settled" on these issues in that there is nothing new "stirring them up".
Other realms of scientific and even non-scientific, but still-scholarly research are less "settled", of course. Most, such as various theories in paleontology and archaeology, have frequent stir ups in best understandings.
Yes, this is why we now know that neanderthals are part of who we are just as denisovans and now also possibly the dragon man species too. In the last few decades we have pushed back modern humans to well over 200. 000 thousand years and seeing some great work on the theory that their was a technological civilization that was wiped out 12, 500 yrs ago during the younger dryas period.
Let us not forget cosmology: ruclips.net/user/ThunderboltsProject
Yeh there's a lot of bad old science that is just wrong and has been changed/updated to be correct (as for now). Similar to "old wives tales" where like your parents have been told something from your grandparents and passed down from years ago that they thought was true at the time but just isn't no more, but your parents still believe it lol My mam does that all the time lol One of them is pissing on jelly fish stings. It literally does nothing yet people all over the world have been told this will help it and still believe it's true. It doesn't help and it a waste of time and you're getting a golden shower on your leg or wherever for absolutely nowt lol But people are still pissing on their mates when they get stung 😂
I hate that they are always depicting ancient hominids as being covered in dirt. If they were wearing feathers and face paint then I’m sure they were much cleaner no reason not to be.
Have you ever gone camping?
@@dreamzofhorses lol right
Have you ever let loose a small human child, perfectly clean and freshly dressed, into a backyard?
@@dreamzofhorses yeah actually a lot that’s where I came to this conclusion. Idk what kind of camping you guys do but we keep clean by daily washing in the river on our property while we’re camping it’s really not hard to stay clean sorry if your family finds that hard to do. We put our clothes out on a line in the river and clothes are so clean! It’s okay to have a different opinion just doesn’t make sense that they ran around dirty like that there are serious health risks to that also like parasites and fungi and bacteria.
@@dreamzofhorses your version of camping, and their version of living was much different… 😅
If anyone is interested in the topic, there’s a lot of direct information available on RUclips, the people at the caves in Gibraltar have stuff on their own channel.. so does John Hawkes .. I’m still at the very beginning of this Doc.. but there’s a handful of others available on YT..
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It’s my pet topic,
so I watch everything I can find .. including lectures.. it’s just amazing how much information is just sitting here in YT, directly from the people doing the work.. 😍
A kindred soul! I am extremely fascinated by both Neanderthals and and Denisovans
That was extremely enlightening. Thank you very much. As well, I now have a better working definition for what a species is too. Cheers.
The point of the throwing spear is that you maim the target and then stand back safely until it bleeds out. It may take hours, but it's clearly safer than a thrusting spear.
It probably went something like this: man throws spear, hits animal, spear head penetrates a few inches into the animal's body. The wound does not reach a vital organ or major blood vessel so the the animal is able to run a considerable distance away. Hunter follows the blood trail and eventually catches up with the animal, which is now weak from exhaustion and blood loss and can be easily finished off.
@@MaxTalbot69 Probably. It's a bit of a waste of blood, which is a valuable resource for hunter gatherers.
Same principle in modern hunting, you pierce the heart and lung, and its bleed out down in no time
@@MaxTalbot69 Then you have failed ur shot, you throw it into vitals
I’m 97% more Neanderthal then the rest of the population according to 23 and me 😂 I’m mainly German 80% and then Czech
So, maybe Neanderthals were...hot? Well, you learn something new every day.
I am too according to 23 site. I'm proud to carry gene
Cool!
is it visible in your body and facial structure?
Yes you look like your animal ancestors
I know it's just a cultural thing, but I do find the overly dramatic and earnest style of American made science and nature documentaries very off-putting... there's interest and drama enough in the subject matter without obscuring it by attempting to manufacture more.
Still, if you can get past that it was worth a watch. Thank you.
Perhaps they were wiped out by disease. Note that when Europeans came to North America they brought smallpox with them which produced up to a 90% fatality rate among the indigenous population.
It's happened many many times before. I think this is highly likely.
Yes, but disease brought by Europeans to the Americas spread in a matter of what? A few decades, if that? Neanderthals were in contact with homo sapiens for hundreds if not thousands of years. Native Americans are still with us by the way, they did not go extinct.
get your boosters
There may have been an exchange of poxes. It is suggestive that a virulent syphilis swept southern Europe by 1493. One that seems to have been endemic among North American mammals if the remains of a bear with the disease mean anything.
@@Tanks_In_Space If there is a reference here, alas I am not catching it.
I would imagine that rock carving really served a point for making tools or weapons....sharpening wooden spears or shaping rocks
so much more likely!
Science is catching up with "The Clan of the Cave Bear" series.... quite nicely..
What an awesome book series
Amazing isn't it. Those books were written between 1980 and 2011. Still reread them from time to time.
I enjoyed those books, but Jean M Aul wrote them after corresponding with experts of the time, rather than being in some way 'ahead of science'.
@@aluskn I agree, the details in the books were not something she just pulled out of the air. But the researchers she corresponded with had not achieved mainstream status at that time.. their early findings were her basis, and those early findings were then developed and corroborated, and went mainstream.
@@MNkno Yeah, that's fair, her books definitely helped to start changing the 'neanderthals were primitive cave-men' assumption.
They are still here among us we just mixed
They didn’t die out, they intermingled, we learnt from them as they learnt from us
Learnting isn't easy.
Learnt? You mean learned?
Yall gone be mad as hell when yall find out all this was a project in a lab at ancient times. Grafting the devil with yacub. Who yall call Jacob in the bible
@@markd6634 Learned is the past tense of learn most used in North America. Learnt is the past tense of learn most used in the rest of the English-speaking world. Be careful of language bias.
@@kelliepatrick519 language bias..lmao.. sure thing Karen.
Read the Clan of the cave the bear series. Outstanding.
That is my absolute favorite book series !
Very interesting information about the Neanderthal. Not much information about the volcanic event that killed them. I'm not convinced, at all, about this theory of a volcanic event killing them. Why did they die while the modern human survived, all in the same area? I would really like an answer to that question.
Exactly. I am only 5 seconds into the video and that became a HUGE red flag for the validity of even bothering to watch any more of it.
Might want to watch Randal Caralson end of ice age RUclips videos.
Very interesting and intriguing ideas
There is a part 2 video about the volcanic event. I think it's a case of territory. If a volcanic event mainly affected the Northern hemisphere, it would have been devastating to the Neanderthal population since that is their primary territory. Meanwhile Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa time and time again. If you have a Neanderthal population that's been reduced by an apocalyptic volcanic event by say 80% moving south in search of food, they will increasingly run into Homo Sapiens. In time the mineral rich volcanic ash falls back to earth rejuvenating the soil, giving way to a ecological "bounce back", which could attract a big influx of Sapiens from the south. Then it becomes a numbers game. Eventually the smaller population of Neanderthals just become absorbed into the larger human population.
It obviously says this is part 1. So part 2 will address the volcanic eruption.
A very likely conclusion ! I also believe more in the theory that the humans exterminated them. True enough; the neanderthals were stronger; but the humans were smarter ! They could for example throw spears at the neanderthals from a distance; a technique the neanderthals most likely did not master; and therefore the humans most likely was able to kill them easily !
The argument that because a stabbing spear does more damage than a thrown spear ignores a lot of factors. The tactics that can be used with throwing spears is insanely underrated. If you’re in the mountains, you can stand on a short cliff and be within throwing distance but still be hard to reach. You can use throw and retreat tactics with a throwing spear. If you’ve already injured someone by throwing a spear, they won’t be able to use the full force in their thrust or in be as mobile melee combat.
All these plus the homo sapien already has the advantage of being distance runners and having a height and reach advantage gives a clear advantage, in my opinion, to Homo sapiens in an actual combat scenario.
stabbing is only useful if you want to keep the animal in place, which is asking for trouble
The whole point of this show is to rebrand the Neanderthal.
This people thinking Neanderthals were better than homo sapiens when I see no Neanderthal around
Highly biased documentary, I found it to be comedic haha.
Meh, bits of interesting facts and a lot of very controversial, outdated even, speculation. Neanderthal las holdouts were not in South Iberia (outdated belief) but in Croatia, Kemi Republic and Altai Republic, where they persisted until c. 33,000 BCE, when those isolated pockets were surely wiped out by either extreme cold or the real deal of dart throwers: the Gravettians (alias Crô-Magnons, senso stricto). In any case, cold or not cold, volcano or volcano (there was indeed that supervolcano of Naples, it also wiped out many modern humans, especially the Uluzzians of South Italy and Greece, the most directly affected ones), Neanderthals could win against us at the beginning... in West Asia. In those days they reached all the way to Yemen at our expense and all the way to Altai at the expense of Denisovans (H. erectus or H. heidelbergensis). But our long legs had got us already all the way to India and SE Asia by then and the comeback was very powerful: not just those mighty stone throwers, which were devastating vs thrusting spear because of long legs and slender bodies, but also dogs (useful to hunt but also to keep Neanders at a distance and unable to ambush you easily) and, crucially, the sewing needle able to summon warm clothes and quality tents out of furs and leather.
Neanderthals had no chance then: the arrival to West and Central Asia was almost simultaneous to arrival to Western Europe (c. 52,000 BP in the Pyrenees by most recent datings of proto-Aurignacian culture, clearly of H. sapiens facture). They would still linger for some time, especially after adopting some of our technology (Chatelperronian and such) but they were pretty much doomed anyhow. Vae victis!
Neanderthals aren't gone . I've seen some doing Geico ads in the last decade 🤔🤣
Yup we have one who is president
In view of the established fact that all modern humans except sub-Saharan Africans carry a significant % of Neanderthal derived genes (maybe 2.5% of Europeans and Asians genomes, on average), it really shouldn't be too challenging to work out what happened.
Neanderthals were not extirpated; they were assimilated.
It was them or us. And now, plagued with subconscious guilt, we look for nice things to say about them. But seriously, thanks for the video!
no parts of the dnaof "them" or in your dna probably up to 40%! forget the idea of extinction by war....
You are absolutely right. Amazing how all these shows strike the same tone now. The ridiculous amount of Neanderthal skeletons with arrowhead injuries pretty much tell their own story. We were the dominant species.
Are these re-enactments accurate? I bet by the time Humans encountered Neanderthals, they had developed some distinctly European features to deal with the cold and lack of sunlight. Wouldn't there be vitamin D deficiencies a over time? Did humans actually travel from Africa into Neanderthal occupied lands on prolonged hunting trips or did they migrate there on the crawl to human expansion? I wonder how long it takes for humans to take on such adaptations to deal with a new environment?
Hardly, they first encountered them in the middle East. They would have developed these adaptions much later
It is indeed more complicated than a single 1-hour documentary can relay.
The one big note on Vitamin D deficiency is that it is highly diet dependent. From the casual understanding I have, the paleontological and archaeological records of sapiens shows there wasn't a need to biologically adapt (ie: in melanin variation in skin) until domestication started to become widespread. Peoples with diets rich in seafood and/ or green vegetation didn't have nearly as much environmental pressure for a balance in UV protection from vs. Vitamin D absorption via sunlight.
Look at Inuit people, no distinctive European features and still more widespread in the coldest regions of earth where the sun doesn’t shine much in the winter time - it’s all about diet!
The first Homo sapiens to reach what is now the UK had relatively dark skin - as an adaptation, less melanin only become beneficial for areas that isn’t coastal and especially in areas where the diet starts getting more and more based on early agricultural products, (farming).
@@gorillaguerillaDK sure they do. Most Inuit peoples have a nose that is bridged. They also eat the contents of partially digested food from a scraping seal intestine. They're also crazy (a distinct European feature) who the hell else would want to live in such a frozen landscape? They must have a concept of South. They must have had dog sleds. Just go a thousand miles to the South and you're free of the Arctic ice sheet.
@@gorillaguerillaDK diet? Come off it, it's about genetics. They share a common lineage with Europeans just like the native Americans
Merci pour cet excellent travail.
Mais je pense sincèrement que la réponse que vous cherchez n'est pas a trouver chez les humains mais dans le changement de comportement de leurs proies dans un contexte évolutif.
J'en veut pour preuve ma propre expérience d'observation et de pratique de la même façon que vous pouvez l'observer dans la nature.
Une espèce sur un territoire donné; de par le nombre élevé d'echecs de pratique et d' apprentissage, s'habitue très vite a intégrer une distance qui résulte pour elle d'être la proie ou bien le prédateur. C'est très visible sur les reportages en Afrique pour qui sait observer attentivement.
Non seulement le regard du prédateur repus est différent de celui affamé, mais cela transpire également si je puis dire en terme de comportement.
Et à force d' être harcelées à distance par les armes de jet de Sapiens; les proies ont adapté un comportement plus craintif et distant .
Cela seul suffit en terme de ressources accessibles a expliquer un déclin progressif inéluctable des populations Neandertal au profit de Sapiens.
C'est génial.
The changing relationship between prey and predator is a very interesting point. Thanks for bringing it up - and thank goodness RUclips provides translations :-)
Edit: I wonder why the Neanderthals were not able to copy the hunting techniques of the homo sapiens.
that is an extremely compelling argument sir.
I would have to concure.
If Neanderthals were a smalll group and their DNA present in ours, what about the assimilation hypothesis?
Dear Matias, are you trolling?. To the point, Neanderthal DNA is everywhere...and in particular high among Asian Pacific population, so its not about Europeans
We were also a small group in West Asia when the introgression happened, long (75-50,000 years) before Neanderthals became extinct. So nope.
@Matias D.C There's some truth in that but it also comes down to having a better understanding of what Neanderthals were.
@@muliglasberg8543 sure Matias is trolling, not to mention. the larger cranial capacity of Neantherthals was never disputed.
@@davida.4933 In a sense, it was never a full extinction, as humans carry Neanderthal DNA to this day. Watch out for slightly weird looking guys in Jeans and Cowboy hats... they may have larger percentage of the DNA ?
They did not die out. They are here, in us. I have about 4% Neanderthal DNA, according to 23&Me. My families were from England, Scotland ,Germany and Norway.
Since 2016, I’ve been studying more about them and more and more comes out. It’s interesting thank you.
This doc forgot an important point: thrusting spears much more dangerous than is throwing spears. Plus if many throwing spears at once, plenty deadly but safe
forreal. It's pretty obvious the one you can use from 20 feet away is better for your health than the one you need to stand right next to them with. If a bear comes, you're fucked. With throwing spears you might have a few hit it before it gets close and it'll turn and run.
Thanks!
imagine living 60k years ago. imagine you were born in that time instead of now.
A modern teen from the West could not survive - no cell phones? HORRORS!!
We did . Energy never dies
I wish
No brandon
More human interaction
There’s a lot of ‘stretching the evidence’ in this presentation. And guys fresh out of Africa taking on mammoth hunters and winning? Really. How about there were fewer of them, and loss of an individual would have had a proportionally bigger impact on the group? While the new guys just kept coming.
It’s nice to tell a story, only tell your readers when you’re guessing and when you have facts to back up what you’re saying, which in this case will be few and far between.
This video takes some leaps of faith that are simply absurd. The notion that Neanderthals could not cross the bridge from hand-held weapons to weapons that had to be thrusted to those that could be thrown is beyond ridiculous. Did they never throw a rock ? Were they incapable of transferring that knowledge to throwing a spear ? With all of their evident intelligence, could they not also experiment with concepts of throwing a spear, and then refining the technique ? Perhaps bow and arrow technology, or even more superior refining, such as a crossbow, might be a chasm that caused a technology separation, but the theory advanced here just defies common sense.
There is a lot wrong with this story .
Care to enlighten us.
How you figure the thrusting spear is more lethal both were lethal the difference is the throwing spear can be used at distance that’s that distance beats all doesn’t matter how much more powerful the thrust is when your getting lethal hits before they can even get within striking distance of you
Oh stop moral grandstanding lady. You certainly benefitted by surviving .. Consider yourself thankful you are not one chief Wannapooseys concubines living in a teepee somewhere . Go build that fire and start skinning thpse hides 🔥
It depends you can jump from a tree with a spear and pierce a bear or boar in one go, you have to hit vitals for it to bleed fast
The facts are that we were ALIVE at the same time... we just didn't die when the last catastrophe happened...
Interesting, but it gets rather tiresome with all the dramatic music and over-dramatization of the narrator. It would have been better if the creators hadn't worried so much that their content wasn't enough to keep people engaged (it is) and kept more low key. I'm 16 minutes in and that's as far as I'll manage to watch. What a waste and what stupid production.
This doc was quite misleading, modern humans did not come straight from Africa to Europe, the re-enactments were way off.
What isn’t addressed is how much more efficient it is to walk on two legs than four legs. It uses less than half as much and a smaller hominid body would dissipate heat. So, driving a big animal to heat exhaustion was likely to be important. An exhausted animal is not much danger. Group/planned hunting techniques would do this with great success.
often, I get more out of the comments than the documentary. Thanks.
Gig ‘em!
Bro ask our back problems and heart attacks
@@magnem1043 lactose intolerance
Yeah, this is a very dishonest documentary. No objective analysis was done. They had their thesis, and they stubbornly had to prove it true no matter what.
I love thinking about the time period where modern man met the Neanderthals. The time when inevitably some people were battling them while others were interbreeding with them. There had to be some conjecture about it. I bet it was a big issue of the time.
It never happened
According to migration patterns of dinesvon and Neanderthal they met first. Which probably spawn modern humans. No evidence of man coming out of Africa . Only evidence of denisvon and Neanderthal meeting outside of Afghanistan area. If you look at history . This is where aseria and Babylon were
Probably in all the newspapers of the times
If earth and or this world biblically proven is just about 6000 from Adam and Eve ,where do you ppl get so years old from.
@@roywayne2291 Reality
I am 2% Neanderthal according to a genealogy DNA test. I love learning about these ancestors! I do respectfully not entirely agree with the latest claims that they would be strictly carnivore, as there is no way to test for types of plants they were eating in the fossils they find. One reason I think they will eventually find Neanderthals did eat plants as well as meat is because all the meat they were hunting were herbivores like bison elk deer birds … obviously there was enough vegetation to feed those animals they hunted. If the environment froze and those animals they hunted migrated or even starved and died out then anyone dependent on them would find themselves starving too. I suspect early man observed and learned about survival from animals too. Fascinating!
Makes no sense to me that they would be such carnivores either. These people would be so in tune with their environment and all resources in it. And what do you do when a hunt fails or the game is scarce? There is fruit and nuts for the picking, seaweed, leaves and all sorts of stuff. Of course you're gonna use whatever you can. Not to mention the fact that a lot of that stuff just tastes delicious already.
It's also generalizing the Neanderthals really...which ones are the carnivores then hey? The guys in Iraq or Russia or Spain? All of them? Makes no sense at all.
The teeth will tell. Neanderthal dentition was CLEARLY that of an omnivore. =9[.]9=
They was hunter gatherers for sure.
Yeah, they were most likely omnivores!
The supposition that Neanderthals were primarily carnivores actually comes from testing chemicals and isotopes in their remains. They DID provably have a much larger amount of meat in their diets than modern humans and ancient homo-sapiens, but were not of course purely carnivores. Just like Plains Indians, they followed the game, and primarily depended upon it. As far as I have read (correct me if I am wrong) they had no weaving, and so depended on animals for basic clothing. You can die out for other animal-dependent reasons besides purely eating them. Just like the Plains Indians were starved and de-clothed/de-tooled when Europeans decimated the buffalo herds. There are no fruits, nuts, and seeds in winter and no sea-provided foods inland. You can't get these things when everything is snowed/iced over. They didn't have preservation tech, except maybe smoking meat or letting it freeze in the cold months. In fact, Neanderthals in Gibraltar are an anomaly that held on longer, it is suspected, because they had learned to eat coastal foods provided by the sea when inland populations died out (based again on their midden piles and chemical testing of their remains.).
In India Tamil Nadu Madurai there is Neanderthal (generic DNA Same found) group of people still live very strong.
Neanderthals had twice the size of pectoral muscles and were 80% stronger... makers of this show are high as a kite
I know the books are campy AF and a lot of the science it was based on has changed/evolved, but I still think Jean M. Auel captured the concept of Neanderthals being very much like us, but also pretty different-- they weren't dumb knuckle draggers like media has, until pretty recently, portrayed them.
You are a Neanderthal you share there bloodline .
So hard to trust a documentary narrated by an American. They don't burn so hot for documentaries, as they do for Michael Bay films.
I guess, the answer is inbreeding. The female used to leave the clans and the male stayed. With homo saphiens as concurrent the clans layed to far away from each other to mingle dna. The female seemed to mate with homo saphiens, therefore we have neanderthals dna in Europe.
The modern European population are hybrids of “modern humans” and Neanderthals. We are still alive and well. Thank you for the inquiry 😊
All people are hybrids. Do you think there weren't other subspecies of humans?
@@geraldsinger7982 actually you are wrong. DNA shows only Europeans have subspecies DNA.
@@crosisofborg5524 I am not a expert but even I know that Asians also carry Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA which proves your statement false. Plus the only reason we even know about the Denisovan is because a specimen was found otherwise that part of their DNA would have been just considered Asian. So, it is probably true that ALL human races including African carry some contribution from as of yet undiscovered sub-species. How ridiculous to assume that as branches of hominid species evolved, they would not cross-breed when ever possible.
@@geraldsinger7982 There still are other subspecies of humans, Just like polar bear (Scandinavians), Grizzly (American) Panda (Asian) Brown (European) They even have shared evolutionary adaptations with animals
@@magnem1043 No. You are describing different species. Dogs are the same species as wolves but different than coyote. Neanderthals are not a different species than modern man or there would not be viable offspring. Presumably, Neanderthals where a different evolutionary path close to become a different species but had not yet become a different species.
Let’s go brandon 🍦🍦🍦
huh?
I learned so much of this information from the well researched book series "Earth's Children" by Jean M. Auel. These books were written between 1980 through 2011 and are full of details about life in prehistoric time.
absolutely! I read the entire series and it is not just an eye opener, but a mind opener as well!
i. The Clan of the Cave Bear. Earth's Children, Book 1. Jean M. Auel (1980)
i. The Valley of Horses. Earth's Children, Book 2. Jean M. Auel (1982)
i. The Mammoth Hunters. Earth's Children, Book 3. Jean M. Auel (1985)
i. The Plains of Passage. Earth's Children, Book 4. Jean M. Auel (1990)
i. The Shelters of Stone. Earth's Children, Book 5. Jean M. Auel (2002)
i. The Land of Painted Caves. Earth's Children, Book 6. Jean M. Auel (2011)
An amazing legacy of the novel imagination by Jean M. Auel.
Ayla the main character did pioneering work in White Supremacy eventually rising to head of WEF, she owned nothing and was happy....... oh wait,, that's the NARRATIVE channeling thru me, Evolve on folks.🙊
I recommend these books still to this day.. How wonderful it was to read that first book..
YES !!!
That's probably the best book series i ever read and that includes Game of Thrones :)
p.s. Ayla > Margot Robbie :D
They did not disappear? Many of us have some Neanderthal in our DNA
I test higher than 92 percent higher than those of the dna test I did. Many of my cousins on the test test high. 68 percent Scandinavian, Italian Sicilian Sardinian British isles Czech Eastern European Spain Portugal and western Russia.. in that order. 💯 percent European..I will say I don’t have many of the possible ailments in my genetics. I love outdoors gardening growing food and animals. My fight or flight is high and a fast metabolism. To be honest what I’ve seen that are some benefits to having high Neanderthal. To think I used to make fun of my guy friends in high school and later and call them Neanderthals jokingly. I guess the joke was on me. Ha ha.
Their way of life describes our life of life, here in east greenland
Wow! This is really great information. The Neanderthals were very much stronger!
Not really. They had fixed hips and weaker lower bodies. This video is just trying to remove some of the negative ideas we have.
@@faeed00actually no they didn't that was old thinking modern technology and scientific understanding of human body suggests they we're just as much human and as smart
They weren't less intelligent. The numbers and stamina of the modern human gave them an advantage on all points in Eurasia. The intelligence and comparable stone tools were pretty much at the same level. Stamina wins on strength when competing for resources, especially if your population has the numbers.
Edit: I watched more and saw that this show did them justice. I commented early
Numbers and stamina also win against intelligence.
@@cryptt8153
Modern humans have been around about 200,000 years (maybe) Given our current trajectory Neanderthals are more of a "success story"
@@richardrobbins387 🤣🤣🤣
neanderthals are NOT related to humans.. their is ZERO proof of that claim.. they are hominins not humans.. they are related to chimpanzees..
they died out 50,000 years before humans
@@johnnyllooddte3415 30% of their DNA is in modern humans.
What was the neanderthals evolving into?The Ice age was a very brutal period for survival with the gentle and easy climates being in places like Africa. Not challenging enough to really result in much evolution of bipeds/humanoids, to easy, not enough death. A organism does not need to evolve past what is needed to survive in its environment.
It’s a numbers game and time. Homo Sapiens had more numbers and were violently expansionist. A difference of -2% in population over 5,000 years is extinction. You’re seeing the same thing occur to the UK an order of magnitude quicker (500 years).
I am a proud Neanderthal
Welcome to inevitable extinction. The line is over there.
@@BlisterBang 😆😆
@@BlisterBang and yet we`re still here
You're not. 2.4% ancestry does not define you.
@@douglasthompson8927 We are, yet you (a self-declared Neanderthal) are doomed.
They are not our closest relatives, they are us when you have a far longer lifespan.
Interesting, elaborate. Are you talking about the time that neanderthal was present or are you talking about lifespan such as physical age?
Well they were a separate species so they are not us.
@@crosisofborg5524 The evidence says otherwise. both the bone structure and the DNA.
Is it possible that Neanderthals with their larger brains have given us living now greater intelligence? Can we thank them for today's knowledge and infrastructure? And the ability to collaborate?
And thrusting.
They've certainly gifted us with some interesting genes!
That would be problematic since it does not include Sub-saharan human populations, which would go back to other times
@@magnem1043 Are there no Neanderthal genes in anyone south of the Sahara?
What do you mean extinct! Im just fine thankyou very much🤣
Ever notice when they show modern man on any of these shows, they are the ones clean shaven? Way to go BIC!
Thank you very much for this most interesting study which greatly increases our understanding of the neanderthals !!!
It’s possible that pre Sapien humans survived until relatively recently. There’s many stories around the world of strange, not fully human creatures living near humans. Perhaps one day a defrosting Denisovian will be found in Siberian permafrost and it will have pointed elf like ears.
Grendel and beowolf. Yes. I have heard many. Even stories of giants could be based on them.
@@jjjr.1186 More probable that these legends are a facet of the human tendency to exaggerate when 'demonising' the other. Difference promotes fear - fear exaggerates perception by necessity in natural 'fight or flight' scenarios but leads to maladaptive fantasising and neurotic misrecognition in certain social manifestations. So the big Tom cat glimpsed from the campsite becomes 'a panther' in popular myth. Look at the demonisation of 'the Irish' in victorian England or most infamously 'the jew' in Nazi Germany (and not exclusively in nazi depiction, historically). You will quickly see goblins and monsters - if you choose to - without auto-reflexive and intellectual intervention.
and fairy wings
Regardless of all our speculation and hypotheses here i would truly love to be able travel back in time to see one of these neanderal groups or at least see some sort of advancement that wouldxallow us to use their DNA to remake one as it really looked to see exactly what we were dealing with. .
DNA mapping shows that ‘modern humans’ came into Europe from the East, not directly from Africa, and they had already evolved light skin.
The bulk of migration from Africa went East, through the Middle East, into India and beyond.
The Out of Africa theory first became the prevailing theory of evolution within the scientific community around 2000. It is really very interesting that the Out of Africa theory, the idea that all races of the Earth are merely recent albino immigrants from Ethiopia, was written coinciding with the modern, very really outouring from Africa? I don’t think that can be seen as a coincidence. The pseudoscientific theory has become a primary weapon for in the justificiation of massive levels of Third World immigration into Europe and the left’s degradation of European cultural autonomy and distinction. It has become a favourite black supremacist tool.
GRAECOPITHECUS FREYBERGI
The oldest remains of human ancestors were found in Greece and in Germany, which last time I checked wern’t in Africa, though you’d be forgiven for thinking it looking at the state of their large cities. The remains of the Hominin which is known as Graecopithecus freybergi are 7.2 million years old. So for humans, or particularly European humans, which of these is more likely? We evolved from the human ancestors found in Europe, or humans went out of Europe down to Africa, pratted around there for a few million years, turned black and then went back up into Europe again? The latter sounds a bit far fetched to me.
This is from the Wikipedia page on Graecopithecus:
“An examination of the detailed morphology of molar teeth from two fossils of G. freybergi published in 2017 suggests that it was a hominin, that is sharing ancestry with Homo but not with the chimpanzees (Pan). This would call into question the prevailing belief that pre-human hominids originated in Africa, though others are sceptical of the claims.”
And why are they skeptical of the claims? Because it means they’ll have to come up with another false justification of mass African immigration?
2. OURANOPITHECUS MACEDONIENSIS
Another hominin, known as Ouranopithecus macedoniensis, was also unearthed in Europe and is an ancestor of modern humans. There have been three finds of the hominin so far, all of which have been found in Northern Greece which, though starting to look more and more like Africa, isn’t Africa.
Ouranopithecus macedoniensis is approximately 8.7 million years old, 1.5 million years older than Graecopithecus freybergi.
@@ThatCarGuy1983 One of the latest theories has mentioned that early hominids likely travelled across parts of the Mediterranean Sea which was once dry land, a ‘garden of eden’ for climate and food availability.
This may even be the actual area where humans became human.
I am curious to how we know Neandethals did not use throwing tools... I guess we know about thrusting spears because they were found with them, but is the assumption Neanderthat = heavy thrusting spear; Modern human = throwing spear just based on the absence of throwing spears at Neanderthal sites?
That knife comparison was absurd. They gave him a letter opener
Definitely agree with you! I'm not trading my knives for flint any time soon, for damn sure!
yea that was pretty bullshit. My hunting knife cuts through flesh literally like butter. Aint no rocks sharper than it, guaranteed.
Cole Campbell, agreed! And even if it does become sharp it certainly doesn't have the strength and staying power of steels! My hunting knives are al older Cold Steel knives and they are incredibly sharp and extremely durable! That cannot be said of any of the stones or volcanic glasses!
I suspect it had something to do with sheer numbers...more HS than HN. Pushed to the edge of the continent indicates a small breeding population and smaller genetic pool
This excellent documentary is mostly speculation based on how we think currently. But has this always been the case? Could not the Neanderthals have had a similar legend as the Aztecs did about Quetzalcoatl returning and knowing their time to move on had arrived?
That's entirely speculation ...yes
aztecs did not really do that.. they invented that as a myth to create their culture.. as Roma did with those kids and the wolf
I forgot you were there.
Fast forward to present day, comes the emergence of the most uniqueevolution of man, the HOMOSEXUALS. They're everywhere yet hard to detect.
300,000 years as masters of their land…the homosapiens come and conquer….wow. I think this projects our modern colonialism and manifest destiny concepts. The Neanderthal people became a contributor to who we are by mixing with Sapien people. I don’t see that as an extinction. And this supposed murder…that could more easily been a conflict between two Neanderthal people. Tools and weaponry would have been co mingled between the Neanderthal people and Sapien people. I’m sure there was conflict between N people and S people, but there would not have been battles the way we know them. More likely raiding and targeted massacre. If an N man has fathered children with an S woman then the N people carry on that way. There were no pure N’s or P’s, having already a million years of divergent and convergent development. I’m just saying the science and genetic story is the real story here. Even though the experts pipe up in support of the more sophisticated version of N, the show still dramatizes a hulking, sort of unsuspecting mark ready to be duped by the intruders. Or maybe it’s just me.
that professor proves they still survive ......
Some body should have warned them about global warming
They just ignored 'angry Greta'.
This finally explains my in-laws
The Australian Aboriginals + Papua New Guinea people are 40% Neanderthal DNA, but for some reason it is kept quiet, + it is called Melanesian DNA. They didnt die out, they were breed out, as many people in Europe still have Neanderthal DNA. A blond haired, blue eyed, TV announcer in England had her DNA tested + was 6% Neanderthal.
Proud to say I have slightly over 2% Neanderthal DNA!
based
You know, this is getting a little too cute. Pretty soon, we are going to hear from these alleged learned men they were more advanced then modern humans. This is all romantic speculation
Haha they did invent the first artificial substance so maybe.
And who invented the 2nd? Lol 😂
Fraction of time we been here compared to them
Says who? Oh yea, the talking fossil record.
We really don’t know squat. This is all speculation
Subtítulos en español. por favor!
Gracias.
@ Around 41:20 the impact of the spear did not shear the spear head off . The weight of the spear shaft broke the stone head in two after impact as gravity took over .For an expert to come up with the obviously wrong conclusion, someone is asleep at the wheel .
No, maybe not the most accurate description, but I think everyone understands what he meant. I certainly will not be the first person to cast stones for not always using the 100% most appropriate technical term in every sentence I utter spontaneously (even in the things I consider myself an "expert" in). But for fun let me turn the tables on you, and say (partly in jest, but following your lead) that you are "obviously wrong" in calling Mike Loades an "expert" in this topic. He is a military historian and TV producer, I doubt he has significant expertise in Materials Science, the people who would best know the most appropriate word to describe how substances fracture and why
Amazing any modern humans survived at all ....but wait - Hey Neanderthal, let me show you my Bow and Arrow technique! Solid evidence from at least 50,000 years ago. Also the atlatl.... Decent video if a bit overly amorous of the Neanderthal. That clouded the presentation. Shame
Hahahahahahahahaha... Pop science is so silly. Only Pop Science entertains by suggesting "suddenly" as "mystery"! This fun flick is more concerned with sensationalism than systematic logical investigation and reasoned conclusion. And, what's better for "sudden extinction" than "apocalypse"?
...utter nonsense...
Neanderthals were NOT our closest relative: we know of much more closely related "archaic" species in Africa, at the very least Irhoud (nope: they were not Sapiens but closely related), Omo II (not the same species as Omo I, the oldest documented H. sapiensbut living in the same area around the same time), Lake Eyasi man (maybe very close to the direct root of Homo sapiens but still not Sapiens) and some small but clear genetic introgressions in Central-West Africa that must be from a closely related "archaic" whose remains have yet to be found (maybe close to Irhoud?)
There's also a big question mark re. Narmada man, who looks like a Neanderthal but is not associated to "Neanderthal technology" (Mousterian).
Will watch later anyhow.
You didn't even watch yet here you are claiming to know more than these scientists do. 🤦♂️
@@UAPReportingCenter - I did watch (or rather listened while playing a videogame, too long to watch for my interest) later on, see my other comment four hrs later.
If my memory is correct nowhere in the video it's claimed that Neanderthals are "our closest relative". And sure: I know a bit on all these matters, which I've been dealing with for decades now. My opinion is like everybody's an opinion but a rather qualified one, mind you.
Neanderthals may be "our closest relative" in the narrow context of Eurasia but not in Africa.
@@LuisAldamiz you got more teach on the subject im all ears like here a tad more on it
@@wadetaylor1299 - I don't know what to add right now, maybe that African archaics, "proto-sapiens" arguably in some cases are relatively ill studied compared to Eurasian and specially European archaics (Neanderthals notably). This has to do with two factors, one related to historical and present Eurocentrism, the other with climate.
1. Obviously for European researchers is easier to work in Europe and much of the research is made by Europeans (maybe publicized by North Americans but field work is mostly made by European scientists, even in Asia and Africa often enough). Wars (Syrian archaeological research has been halted for a decade now), ideology in academy (for example excess weight of religion and even "civilizationism": more importance to, say, the pyramids than to Egyptian Neolithic or older layers even, which are very poorly understood, etc.) also hinder often enough research outside Europe or other stable regions. In some cases it may be true Eurocentric bias (Piltdow Man fraud seriously delayed the research in Africa, where the real "missing links" of all kinds were in fact) but in most cases I'd say it's other more generalistic (socio-economic reality) factors that also account as more accidental Eurocentrism.
2. Climate is very importnt in preservation: for DNA it makes the huge difference of being able to sequence an almost perfect Denisovan genome from a finger tip or a tooth, preserved in the cold of Siberia for tens of millennia, while DNA from much more recent African remains is extremely hard to get (fragmentary) even when that genetic treasure trove that is the petrous bone is present.
In the wet, jungle-dominated, parts of Africa preservation of human remains at all is almost impossible and finding them not easy either. So much of what we know or suspect about African archaics and their lesser hybridization with modern humans is derived from modern human genetics, much harder and controversial to interpret. In terms of autosomal DNA two signals were detected (arguably) years ago in the West African and East-South African branch (probably our species coalesced in and around the modern Sudans, Upper Nile and Chad-Lake-to-Red-Sea region, West and East-South Africa were also settled from there, much as Asia-plus but at least partly at earlier dates). The Eastern hybrid signal remains that way: unclear (AFAIK), but the Western one seems reinforced by the presence of two very ancient and quite rare Y-DNA lineages in that region: A00 and A0. At least A00 must be pre-sapiens, IMO A0 is also pre-sapiens (I strongly question the short chronologies produced by an ill-calibrated "molecular clock" and usually apply x1.5 to x2 modifiers to such estimates). A00 is exclusive of a jungle/Pygmy population of Cameroon, while A0 is a bit more scattered among some West Africans and even in Algeria (Mozabites I believe), all the rest are within A1, which is IMO the only "true Sapiens" Y-DNA lineage, corresponding to mtDNA L0"6, which clearly originated in the Upper Nile area.
As I said, feel free to ask, hopefully I can provide some answers.
@@LuisAldamiz thanks for that well said and put i agree with all you said. If I think of something I will let ya know 👍
If there is a Neander-Talls……THEN!!…Does this infer there was ONCE a Neander-short?!?!!…Thus question BEGS to be answered!!!
Modern “anthropologists”. Are always comparing outsides to insides. Which of the two species reproduces faster determines the winner. The displacement of Haplogroups throughout history shows that one group simply outperforms the other in reproduction. It’s why the Native Americans overwhelmed by depopulation from disease then were outnumbered ten to one by superiorly armed Europeans. They didn’t die out they were diffused cross bred and culturally repressed. Sexual reproduction is more important than kill rates.
Amazing that some of these groups stayed in the same area for thousands of years.
50 thousand years in the same valley with little technical advancement is crazy!
Why?
Who said they stayed in the same valley? They had a large geographic distribution across Europe and the Middle East and likely somewhat beyond. How far beyond is unknown...
Technological advancement is not the only part of life.
"PROOVE IT DUMB FUCKER"!!!
Contentment?
If it ain't broke, don't fix it?
The simplest, and perhaps most likely answer is some failure do to specialization. We have a modern parallel the fits the modern man vs Neanderthal very well. Polar bears and Grizzly bears are separated by a blink in evaluationary terms. With global warming polar bears are finding it very tough to thrive. Also because of climate change, Grizzlies are expanding into polar bear range, and they are breeding with polar bears.
As an aside regarding spear technology. Thrusting spears may be every bit the equal of throwing spears, but they also expose the hunter to a much greater risk of injury (can't believe there isn't more evidence of 'Buffalo jumps' during this period). As far as more or less thrust. That doesn't matter as long as both techniques get the job done.
If I recall correctly, the two are already very closely linked genetically, aren’t they?
But yes, the future will probably bring a lot more mixed bears.
I asked a friend of mine who's from Greenland as has traveled a lot in northeastern Canada what they would call them, and if I recall correctly she said Nanolak/Nanulak/Nanulaq, (can’t remember exactly which it was, but something like that).
I think Pizzlygrolar Bear would be funnier - and it’s not like the bear will get offended by us calling it something childish like that!
I think the greatest difference between the thrusting and throwing spear is in the kind of animal you can hunt with each!
The throwing spear allows you to hunt animals that are more likely to flee than fight.
And the throwing spear is less about killing the animal, but hurt it badly and then run it down as it starts bleeding out - this is the importance of us being build for long distance running - chasing down the animal after having thrown spears into it!
The thrusting method is undoubtedly more powerful, (especially when used by the much stronger Neanderthal), and while it also put you in greater danger, it allows you to hunt animals that are less likely to attempt to run away - and the increased penetration power makes it more effective against larger animals that have much thicker hide/layer of fat!
I don’t know if Neanderthal had less mobility in the shoulder joint or something similar that made it less prone to throw a spear?
But if not, then I honestly don’t believe they wouldn’t have used spears for throwing as well!
We’re their respiratory and perspiration system so much different from sapiens? That could be an explanation for the preference for using a thrusting spear over a throwing spear - as the later requires a great deal of endurance!
Them being that much stronger, so having more muscle mass, could mean that they weren’t exactly crazy about endurance running, but would prefer a quick sprint and thrusting the spear into their target!
@@gorillaguerillaDK exactly. That's where I think the changing climate may have affected the Neanderthal the most. All the tests showed how their compact muscular build helped them in the cold. There was no discussion of how that same build could be a negative. Modern humans would very likely have had an advantage in endurance. The body design associated with that endurance may have had other advantages. The long lean runners body would likely make them generally more efficient runners and much more able to dissipate heat (summer temperature spikes may have been a frequent accurance as the climate changed). Snow fall changes that likely would be associated with climate change may also have adversely affected the Neanderthal's hunting style. A hunting style that may have been hard to change, due to body design. All of this giving the advantage to modern humans.
The dynamic between polar and grizzly bears could very closely parallel what happened with Neanderthal. Two closely related species, both highly capable, but one more a specialist, the other more a generalist, with the climate shifting in favor of the generalist.
@@gorillaguerillaDK You're right, Pizzly or Grolar are the correct terms. Which one is used depends on which species is the male. If the male is the polar bear, the offspring are Pizzlies. If the male is the grizzly bear, the offspring are called Grolars. However, this is not as widespread yet as the media would have us think. The few instances of proven hybridizing through DNA testing showed that it was several generations of the same family. So one hybridization event, followed by two generations of either/or mating.