The first 'crystal' you opened with the screwdriver was actually a crystal 'holder' designed so that the crystal itself could be removed and ground down by the user to a frequency of interest. i think crystals mounted in glass were used only in high-end equipment. The glass created a hermetic seal to keep dust, dirt, and corrosion from the crystal. That would then be placed in a metal package, probably a crystal oven for use in a high-end frequency counter or spectrum analyzer.
Nice little video, FOCUS - FOCUS - FOCUS. Still a nice video. Frequency tuning tips. You can slightly change the frequency on these old crystals by: - To lower the frequency you can rub and "X" on the crystal with some lead solder. This increases the mass of the crystal. - To increase the frequency you can sand the side a little to remove some of the crystal. This lowers the mass of it. Thanks for sharing. Best Wishes n Blessings. Keith
Thanks. Make sure you watch the rest in this series. This is part 1 of 4. Some of the points you mentioned do come up later. This is also a fairly old video. :)
Very very clear explanation. Glad I saw it. Can you please also make a video about how to have a voltage controlled crystal oscillator to generate different frequencies for RF applications.
Useful video. Thank you for the time you dedicate in preparing. If i could give you an hint, please in the future try improve the focus. May be you could try with manual focus..
What makes the crystal more accurate? I'm going to buy a crystal for a microcontroller, and I just wanted to know what the load capacitance, tolerance PPM, and frequency tolerance PPM means. What is the difference between one that is rated at 16Mhz, 20pF Load Capacitance, 30 PPM Tolerance, and 50 frequency tolerance, from one that has difference. Like the ones on Mouser Electronics, Digi-Key, etc.
Hi Mark, The tolerance (or accuracy) of the crystal is its accuracy reference to the requaired frequency when measured at 25degC (this is controlled by the thickness of the quartz and the thickness of the metalisation on the electrode). The stability of the crystal refers to the change of frequency caused by change of temperature (this is controlled by the angle the quartz is cut from the original crystalographic axis). this measurement is a relative shift referenced to the tolerance. The load capacitance is a little more complex to explain. It is a function of your circuit. Most standard crystal oscillator circuits run the crystal in a loaded circuit, you need to consider the value of the two capacitors each side of the crystal (add them as if they were in series), plus the stray capacitance of the circuit (around 3-5pF normally). You need to specify the load capacitance when you buy the crystal because the manufacture will place this load in circuit when they adjust the tolerance. If you run at the wrong load you will pull the frequency away from the correct frequency. PPM means parts per million, crystal frequencies are very accurate so we dont measure them in percentage (parts per hundred) we measure them in parts per million.
Hello. I am trying to find a way to generate DC pulses which are adjustable between 1 to 10 Hz. I'm planing to run an electromagnet with this circuit. If you know any circuit that could help me do that, would you be nice and tell me about it? The electromagnet is running a car fuel injector. It runs on 12 V DC but I'm not sure about the amp draw. Lets say something like 10 amps! Regards
I've only ever seen the glass ones in old oven assemblies, so maybe it has something to do with thermal expansion? Transmission of thermal radiation? Whatever the reason they aren't even common in that application. Fun fact about those JAN plugin crystals: if during the manufacture process they were found to resonate at too high a frequency they would expose them to radiation to induce lattice defects in the crystal, thus bringing the frequency down.
tramdr I'm not an expert either, but I did just finish reading a book by an expert about quartz resonators. Voltage does in fact effect crystal oscillators, as it increases the strain on the crystal, which is also why crystal oscillators increase in frequency with drive current. In practice this is not a good way to adjust crystal oscillators as any DC voltage present on a crystal will greatly increase aging (change in frequency over time). The book I am referring to is "Quartz Crystal Resonators and Oscillators For Frequency Control and Timing Applications - A Tutorial (March 2004)" by John R Vig, it is available online (it is a public work by the DOA), and a good reference for understanding sources of errors in precision oscillators.
So you said when we apply voltage across the crystal oscilator, the shape of the crystal will change, but how does it generate frequency? I couldn't hear what you said around 5:19; something about the shape changes, and remove the voltage, then something, then the frequency is generated.. I don't get the things in between, can you explain it in the comment? Thank you
Can anyone can help me?? I have a circuit board in which the crystal rating is 4. What will happen if I'll change that crystal and put 8 rated crystal...
Glass actually used to be the most common encapsulating medium for quartz crystals. It is not uncommon to find a Soviet-made clock from the 1980s with a glass-encapsulated crystal in it.
I'm not an expert, but potentiometers change voltage. Voltage does not effect crystals. However, capacitance does. In CB radios where I am an expert, the potentiometer for changing frequency changes the voltage to a Varactor diode which is basically a special type of diode that changes capacitance when the voltage is varied, and then this is hooked up to the oscillator or crystal to vary it up and down.
Great videos Is it possible to make a super cheap FM audio transmitter from this type of crystal oscillator? I have seen a AM transmitter using this crystal oscillator and a audio transformer ,but to get FM modulation that would be cool
Vacuum Glass encased crystals are usually more precise and have higher Q.. Most metal cases are ultasonically welded or soldered an are not assembled in vacuum.Also the soldering or welding process contaminates the crystal,so it will have much lower Q ,and worse long and short time stability...
Or oscillate a metal antenna at high voltage high frequency at very low amperage so it can resonate with the given wavelenght we can actually capture Earth's vibration the moon's and Sun's one if we can capture this of a supernova WE can oscillate ti around the Earth's surface like a battery and then capture it back of course with Tesla receivers! pyramids are pure energy chargers of Earth's energy storage the Higher the energy levels the more heat it's build in the very core of it! So I'm not a geophysicist my question is: Is our Earth more overcharged or more undercharged?
It doesn't really matter, rad/s is more mathematical, however you might as well use degrees, even though that would over complicate things and make your graph explode to the sides.
wait so the smaller the crystal or the shorter his spectral distortion is the smaller waves it produces. then the greater the monocrystal is then we can revibrate ti by waves at this length I think that the universe is full with high amplitude short and long waves
because when a wave is disappearing in its own resonance, it is just gaining so high wave speed (short time High frequency) then it's actually giving heat in its affected environment. that's why in vacuum a wave gets destroyed and it's energy transfered onto its surface
Could be much more effective if you paid more attention to your camera operation - focus, aiming etc. At least you seem to use a tripod which many do not seem to think is important.
Hi, I am trying to test a bunch of 10MHz surface mount clock oscillators for their resonant frequency at various temperatures. My customer believes that their is a variance in the frequency at certain temperatures causing failures. So these components are new and not soldered to a board. How would I go about testing them? I have a very good oscilloscope I am hoping to use. Here is a link to the data sheet of the device. Thank you for your advice! www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/3/ASEMP-44335.pdf
How meta is this? Just learned (Wikipedia) that the first quartz clock was built at Bell Telephone Laboratories. Then I recalled watching this video and that Shahriar works at Bell Labs. Mind blown.
Thank you dear Shahriar, i am not electrical engineer student or anything in this field, i study traditional chinese medicine, doing my own research on crystals and magnetic field, and electromagnetic fields, need your help, advise and your expertise and knowledge , please let me know if we can communicate through e-mails? great video. thanks.
Your videos are excellent but I feel that they are too long winded. I think you can cut the video down to half as long without losing contact. Perhaps your target audience needs this. Any way thy are great. keep them up. You also need to make some videos on the more sophisticated topics.
Just re-discovered your channel. Loving the theory + demo videos done by you. Learning a lot! You present well.
The first 'crystal' you opened with the screwdriver was actually a crystal 'holder' designed so that the crystal itself could be removed and ground down by the user to a frequency of interest. i think crystals mounted in glass were used only in high-end equipment. The glass created a hermetic seal to keep dust, dirt, and corrosion from the crystal. That would then be placed in a metal package, probably a crystal oven for use in a high-end frequency counter or spectrum analyzer.
@captaincaustic Maybe at some point. I have a few other ideas in the pipeline first. Thanks for watching!
You are an extremely gifted instructor!!
I hope you have many students!!!
@ykuksenko You are welcome. I hope you got through all four parts!
Excellent ! Very clear and organized tutorial that brings concepts together with hands-on practicality. Thank you.
After wasting almost 2 hours on Google I finally landed here. Explained very nicely.
Nice little video, FOCUS - FOCUS - FOCUS. Still a nice video. Frequency tuning tips. You can slightly change the frequency on these old crystals by:
- To lower the frequency you can rub and "X" on the crystal with some lead solder. This increases the mass of the crystal.
- To increase the frequency you can sand the side a little to remove some of the crystal. This lowers the mass of it.
Thanks for sharing. Best Wishes n Blessings. Keith
Thanks. Make sure you watch the rest in this series. This is part 1 of 4. Some of the points you mentioned do come up later. This is also a fairly old video. :)
Great video. First of your videos I have seen and look forward to sharing them with my students.
@TheSignalPathBlog Watched all of them! Loved it! Really high quality material.
Awesome videos man - basically what I want to mold my channel into as I progress. Thanks so much and please keep them coming!
Very very clear explanation. Glad I saw it. Can you please also make a video about how to have a voltage controlled crystal oscillator to generate different frequencies for RF applications.
Yes please
I have just subscribed recently, and I'm planning to watch all of your videos :-) Thanks for the effort
The manufacture of glass encased xtals can be done using vacuum tube technology resulting in higher Q and lower aging.
@Assemblycode Search for "vintage crystal" on eBay, you can pickup a glass one for less than 10 bucks!
Great video ! every second was highly informative !
Useful video. Thank you for the time you dedicate in preparing.
If i could give you an hint, please in the future try improve the focus.
May be you could try with manual focus..
What makes the crystal more accurate? I'm going to buy a crystal for a microcontroller, and I just wanted to know what the load capacitance, tolerance PPM, and frequency tolerance PPM means. What is the difference between one that is rated at 16Mhz, 20pF Load Capacitance, 30 PPM Tolerance, and 50 frequency tolerance, from one that has difference.
Like the ones on Mouser Electronics, Digi-Key, etc.
Hi Mark,
The tolerance (or accuracy) of the crystal is its accuracy reference to the requaired frequency when measured at 25degC (this is controlled by the thickness of the quartz and the thickness of the metalisation on the electrode).
The stability of the crystal refers to the change of frequency caused by change of temperature (this is controlled by the angle the quartz is cut from the original crystalographic axis). this measurement is a relative shift referenced to the tolerance.
The load capacitance is a little more complex to explain. It is a function of your circuit. Most standard crystal oscillator circuits run the crystal in a loaded circuit, you need to consider the value of the two capacitors each side of the crystal (add them as if they were in series), plus the stray capacitance of the circuit (around 3-5pF normally). You need to specify the load capacitance when you buy the crystal because the manufacture will place this load in circuit when they adjust the tolerance. If you run at the wrong load you will pull the frequency away from the correct frequency.
PPM means parts per million, crystal frequencies are very accurate so we dont measure them in percentage (parts per hundred) we measure them in parts per million.
the question and answer were great thank you Mark and Nick
The big crystals were used in radio equipment in early WW2, theres even a video in tube called ""Strategic Service Transmitter-Receiver Number 1"
I wonder if those glass crystal osc's were see through simply so it would be easy to identify and inspect the part.
Hello. I am trying to find a way to generate DC pulses which are adjustable between 1 to 10 Hz. I'm planing to run an electromagnet with this circuit. If you know any circuit that could help me do that, would you be nice and tell me about it? The electromagnet is running a car fuel injector. It runs on 12 V DC but I'm not sure about the amp draw. Lets say something like 10 amps! Regards
I've only ever seen the glass ones in old oven assemblies, so maybe it has something to do with thermal expansion? Transmission of thermal radiation? Whatever the reason they aren't even common in that application.
Fun fact about those JAN plugin crystals: if during the manufacture process they were found to resonate at too high a frequency they would expose them to radiation to induce lattice defects in the crystal, thus bringing the frequency down.
tramdr I'm not an expert either, but I did just finish reading a book by an expert about quartz resonators. Voltage does in fact effect crystal oscillators, as it increases the strain on the crystal, which is also why crystal oscillators increase in frequency with drive current. In practice this is not a good way to adjust crystal oscillators as any DC voltage present on a crystal will greatly increase aging (change in frequency over time). The book I am referring to is "Quartz Crystal Resonators and Oscillators For Frequency Control and Timing Applications - A Tutorial (March 2004)" by John R Vig, it is available online (it is a public work by the DOA), and a good reference for understanding sources of errors in precision oscillators.
Thankyou
Can you make a vid on how to use just the crystal to make a sine wave, not the 4-pin all-in-one oscillator?
Great video thank you for explaining about crystal oscillators! Very cool stuff
love the glass one bounce a laser off it as its oscillating has lots of ideas for mechanical television projects going in side my mind.
Anybody know if a potentiometer can slow down the frequency from the oscillator?
Shouldn't that be V = A*sin(2*pi*f_0*t) or V = A*sin(omega*t), where omega is in rad/s?
What is the purpose of the floating pin?
So you said when we apply voltage across the crystal oscilator, the shape of the crystal will change, but how does it generate frequency? I couldn't hear what you said around 5:19; something about the shape changes, and remove the voltage, then something, then the frequency is generated.. I don't get the things in between, can you explain it in the comment? Thank you
Can anyone can help me??
I have a circuit board in which the crystal rating is 4. What will happen if I'll change that crystal and put 8 rated crystal...
very useful video. thanks a lot
Aster
Glass actually used to be the most common encapsulating medium for quartz crystals. It is not uncommon to find a Soviet-made clock from the 1980s with a glass-encapsulated crystal in it.
I'm not an expert, but potentiometers change voltage. Voltage does not effect crystals. However, capacitance does. In CB radios where I am an expert, the potentiometer for changing frequency changes the voltage to a Varactor diode which is basically a special type of diode that changes capacitance when the voltage is varied, and then this is hooked up to the oscillator or crystal to vary it up and down.
How did you get to have such a well equipped lab of your own. You make me jealous.
How good are the Rigol instruments?
Great videos
Is it possible to make a super cheap FM audio transmitter
from this type of crystal oscillator?
I have seen a AM transmitter using this crystal oscillator
and a audio transformer ,but to get FM modulation that would
be cool
good video I learned allot from this...I'm playing with crystals this weekend soo.
Vacuum Glass encased crystals are usually more precise and have higher Q..
Most metal cases are ultasonically welded or soldered an are not assembled in vacuum.Also the soldering or welding process contaminates the crystal,so it will have much lower Q ,and worse long and short time stability...
If we use a large monocrystal as an antenna it can actually capture waves
Or oscillate a metal antenna at high voltage high frequency at very low amperage so it can resonate with the given wavelenght we can actually capture Earth's vibration the moon's and Sun's one if we can capture this of a supernova WE can oscillate ti around the Earth's surface like a battery and then capture it back of course with Tesla receivers! pyramids are pure energy chargers of Earth's energy storage the Higher the energy levels the more heat it's build in the very core of it! So I'm not a geophysicist my question is: Is our Earth more overcharged or more undercharged?
Thankyou
It doesn't really matter, rad/s is more mathematical, however you might as well use degrees, even though that would over complicate things and make your graph explode to the sides.
Do you know what can generate 13.56 frequency. Something natural maybe
Great video.
Thanks
wait so the smaller the crystal or the shorter his spectral distortion is the smaller waves it produces. then the greater the monocrystal is then we can revibrate ti by waves at this length I think that the universe is full with high amplitude short and long waves
because when a wave is disappearing in its own resonance, it is just gaining so high wave speed (short time High frequency) then it's actually giving heat in its affected environment. that's why in vacuum a wave gets destroyed and it's energy transfered onto its surface
@hippodude100 You sure will! :)
How can I generate a (precise) 1Hz signal? I imagine it-s complicated
First define precise?
Thanks a lot. I really appreciate your answer :)
well explained ,,, i like your videos ,, keep them coming ;)
subscribed, hoping to see some new videos
Thank you
Could be much more effective if you paid more attention to your camera operation - focus, aiming etc. At least you seem to use a tripod which many do not seem to think is important.
Thanks for the video :)
Hi, I am trying to test a bunch of 10MHz surface mount clock oscillators for their resonant frequency at various temperatures. My customer believes that their is a variance in the frequency at certain temperatures causing failures. So these components are new and not soldered to a board. How would I go about testing them? I have a very good oscilloscope I am hoping to use. Here is a link to the data sheet of the device. Thank you for your advice! www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/3/ASEMP-44335.pdf
How meta is this? Just learned (Wikipedia) that the first quartz clock was built at Bell Telephone Laboratories. Then I recalled watching this video and that Shahriar works at Bell Labs. Mind blown.
TOP !
Here is a fascinating 1940s video of the production of those older crystal modules -- ruclips.net/video/b--FKHCFjOM/видео.html
kick ass vid this is the real shit
👍
His right hand and shoulder are so much muscular than his leftside counterparts... I wonder why :P
Thank you dear Shahriar, i am not electrical engineer student or anything in this field, i study traditional chinese medicine, doing my own research on crystals and magnetic field, and electromagnetic fields, need your help, advise and your expertise and knowledge , please let me know if we can communicate through e-mails? great video. thanks.
Why do you always hold things TOO close to the camera to focus; big blurry images are of no use to see detail.
Always? This video is a decade old you know. :)
Your videos are excellent but I feel that they are too long winded. I think you can cut the video down to half as long without losing contact. Perhaps your target audience needs this.
Any way thy are great. keep them up. You also need to make some videos on the more sophisticated topics.
As a newbie this video is perfect
_What's new? Hugs._ 💬💬
You sound exactly like electroboom...?
Don't get it. Wasn't even slightly funny