Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Biography | Life Story | मराठा साम्राज्य संस्थापक | Omkar Gujar

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Biography | Life Story | मराठा साम्राज्य संस्थापक | Omkar Gujar
In 1646, Shivajiraje took the Torna Fort taking advantage of the confusion prevailing in the Bijapur and seized the large treasure he found there. In the following two years, Shivajiraje took several important forts near Pune, including Purandhar, Kondhana and Chakan. Also, He brought Supa, Baramati and Indapur under his direct control. He used the money found at Torna to build a new fort Raigad, which served as his capital for over a decade.
The two met in a hut at the foothills of Pratapgad fort on 10 November 1659. The arrangements had dictated that each come armed only with a sword, and attended by one follower. Shivajiraje , suspecting Afzal Khan would arrest or attack him, wore armour beneath his clothes, concealed a bagh nakh (metal “tiger claw”) on his left arm, and had a dagger in his right hand. The precise transpirings are not recoverable to historical certainty and remains enmeshed with legends in Maratha sources; however, they agree upon the fact that the protagonists landed themselves in a physical struggle which would prove fatal for Khan. Khan’s dagger failed to pierce Shivajiraje ’s armour, but Shivajiraje had him disemboweled; he then fired a cannon to signal his hidden troops to attack the Bijapuri army.
In 1666, Aurangzeb summoned Shivajiraje to Agra (though some sources instead state Delhi), along with his nine-year-old son Sambhajiraje. Aurangzeb’s planned to send Shivajiraje to Kandahar, now in Afghanistan, to consolidate the Mughal empire’s northwestern frontier. However, in the court, on 12 May 1666, Shivajiraje was made to stand alongside relatively low-ranking nobles, men he had already defeated in battle. Shivajiraje took offence and stormed out of court, and was promptly placed under house arrest. Ram Singh, son of Jai Singh, guaranteed custody of Shivajiraje and his son.
Shivajiraje’s position under house arrest was perilous, as Aurangzeb’s court debated whether to kill him or continue to employ him. Jai Singh, having assured Shivajiraje of his personal safety, tried to influence Aurangzeb’s decision. Meanwhile, Shivajiraje hatched a plan to free himself. He sent most of his men back home and asked Ram Singh to withdraw his guarantees to the emperor for the safe custody of himself and his son and surrendered himself to Mughal forces. Shivajiraje then pretended to be ill and began sending out large baskets packed with sweets to be given to the Brahmins and poor as penance. On the 17th of August 1666, by putting himself in one of the large baskets and his son Sambhajiraje in another, Shivajiraje escaped and left Agra.
Shivajiraje was crowned king of Maratha Swaraj in a lavish ceremony on 6 June 1674 at Raigad fort. In the Hindu calendar it was on the 13th day (trayodashi) of the first fortnight of the month of Jyeshtha in the year 1596. Gaga Bhatt officiated, holding a gold vessel filled with the seven sacred waters of the rivers Yamuna, Indus, Ganges, Godavari, Narmada, Krishna and Kaveri over Shivajiraje ’s head, and chanted the Vedic coronation mantras. After the ablution, Shivajiraje bowed before Jijabai and touched her feet. Nearly fifty thousand people gathered at Raigad for the ceremonies. Shivajiraje was entitled Shakakarta (“founder of an era”) and Chhatrapati (“sovereign”). He also took the title of Haindava Dharmodhhaarak (protector of the Hindu faith).
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