Transmission Media by DG

The physical path that data bits travel through to go from the source to the destination is called transmission media, sometimes referred to as a communication channel. To put it simply, data is moved from one device to another by means of a medium or communication channel in order to reach its intended location. Transmission media is the term used to describe this channel of communication.
Types of Transmission media
I. Guided media or Wired Media or Bounded media
II. Unguided media or Wireless Media or Unbounded media
I. Guided Media:- Wired transmission media, also known as guided media, are those in which the connection between two devices is made using a physical means, like a cable or wire. Because it has a limit, wired media is often referred to as bounded media. Data can be transmitted quickly and securely over short distances thanks to guided media.
Types of Guided Media:-
1. Twisted Pair Cable
2. Coaxial Cable
3. Optical Fibre Cable
1. Twisted Pair Cable:-A wire type in which two wires are twisted together is called a twisted pair cable. This cable is made up of four pairs of wires, each made up of two wires twisted around one another and covered in plastic. Every pair is coded in a unique colour. In LAN networks, Twisted Pair Cable is the most commonly utilised type of cable.
It is of Two Types:-
a. UTP (Unshielded Twisted pair)
b. STP (Shielded Twisted pair)
2. Coaxial Cable:- The Coaxial Cable is made from copper wire. It has insulation on top of the copper wire, and above that, there is a copper mesh made of brass. The data transmission range for this cable is up to 185 meters. Installing Coaxial Cable is easy, but it is quite flexible and relatively fragile, making it more prone to breakage. Coaxial cable is used for Cable TV, analog TV networks, and CCTV applications.
3. Optical Fiber Cable:- The Optical Fiber Cable is the fastest data-
transferring medium. It is made from pure
silica glass and was developed in 1970. Fiber
optic cables have brought revolutionary
changes to the world of the Internet. Today,
all countries are interconnected through the
Internet, where fiber optic cables play a
significant role. Fiber optic cable is an
advanced transmission medium used for high-
speed and long-distance transmission of data.
II. Unguided Media:- Unguided or wireless media are forms of transmission in which data is transferred wirelessly from one device to another without the need of a cable or wire. It is normal practice to deliver signals in all directions using wireless media. It communicates using electromagnetic waves without utilising any tangible media. Since it lacks a defined range, unbounded transmission media is another name for it.
It has mainly three types:-
1. Radio waves
2. Microwaves
3. Infrared
1. Radio Waves:- Generating and using radio signals is very easy. Radio waves are the electromagnetic waves that are transmitted in all the directions of free space. Its frequency range is typically 3KHz to 1GHz. Signals of this type are used in radio and wireless phones.
2. Micro Waves:- This type of signal is used in mobile phone communication and TV networks. The frequency range of microwave signals is up to 1GHz to 300GHz. The range of its signals also depends on the height of the antenna used in it. In microwaves, it is necessary to align the sender and receiver signals properly so that the signal can be transmitted correctly.
3. Infrared Waves:- Infrared waves are used for short distances, but the signal is hindered if there is any obstruction between two devices. The frequency range of infrared waves is up to 300GHz to 400THz. It is used in TV remotes, wireless mouse, keyboard, printer, etc.
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