Hilarious! :) I am Turkish and yes, the example you've shown in Turkish is perfectly correct. That's how Turkish works, but for the ones who would like to learn or study Turkish, we don't usually push the limits to that level! The number of suffixes don't go beyond three or four when agglutinating, which, in practice, is quite manageable and understandable. So, no need to get intimidated if you are interested in Turkish. I'd like to thank and congratulate you on what you are doing here, Ben. I love languages and you share so much information on languages.
Teșekkür. There are some Turkish words in Romanian, which I am semi-familiar with, but no direct experience with it. And a glueing language like Turkish would be very good to learn. .
@@BenLlywelyn you can learn in my channel. Turkish is agglutinative language but suffixes are only functional (tense,plural,modal etc).so words are not combined. for example nouns, adjectives,verbs are different words. ************ example; adamı yaralayan kadını, tutuklayan polisin adı ne? =What is the name of the police officer who arrested the woman who injured the man? adamı=the man yaralayan=who injured kadını=the woman, tutuklayan=who arrested polisin adı=the name of the police officer ne=what ************** example kurtarılamazdık.=we would not be able to be saved kurtar=save ıl=passive voice a=can ma=negative z=will dı=past tense k=we subject ------------------------ kurtardık=we saved kurtaramadık=we could not save kurtarıldık=we were saved kurtarılmadık=we were not saved kurtarılmazdık=we would not be saved. kurtarılamadık=we could not be saved. ------------------------------- prefix is only to emphasis, such as sarı=yellow, sapsarı=too much yellow yaşlı=old , yapyaşlı=too much old. kara=black kapkara=too much black kızıl=reddish kıpkızıl=fully reddish. ------------------------------- once you know root word's meaning and suffixes meanings you can guess new word's meaning. to make a new word suffixes are used (not prefixes). for example bil=know bilgi=knowledge bilgili=informed bilgisiz=ignorant bilgisizce=ignorantly bilgisizlik=ignorance bilim=science bilge=wise bilgelik=wisdom bilgece=wisely bilimci=sciencist bilgilen=get informed bilgilendir=inform bilgilendirme=informing bildir=notify bildirim=notification bildirge=proclamation bilinç=the conscious/consciousness bilinçli=conscious bilinçsiz=unconscious bilinçsizlik=unconsciousness bilinçsizce=unconsciously bilgin=scholar biliş=cognition there are more words with root word "bil" but i did not add all. ------------------------------------------------ li suffix means "with" (lı,li,lu,lü) (acording to vowel harmony) tuz=salt tuzlu=salty (with salt) siz suffix means "without" (sız,siz,suz,süz) tuzsuz=saltless (without salt) bilgi=knowledge bilgili=informed (with info/knowledge) bilgisiz=ignorant (without info/knowledge) bilinç=the conscious/consciousness bilinçli=conscious (with conscious) bilinçsiz=unconscious (without conscious)
The hungarian example has some typos. ' In my childhood = gyerekkoromban ' ( gyerek + kor + om + ban / child + age + my + in ). The stress always falls on the first syllable of the word, nowhere else.
I again appreciate your clear presentation of complex languages and language families. I studied both Mandarin Chinese and Uighur, the Turkic language of Central Asia. It was easier for me to grasp and absorb Mandarin, with its analytic similarities with English, than Uighur, with all its glorious endings. Both languages have their simplicities and complexities. I see from the comments that there are those who may not share a linguistic passion for language, but I tell you, for me you’re a breath of fresh air.
Learning a Turkic language would be so fascinating. The closest Im likely to delve deeply into in my lifetime is Hungarian or Japanese. But you never know what life brings, maybe this channel will blow up and I will be able to! Thank you.
I have heard that chinese has very easy grammar but its hard part is writing system and tonal language is hard to pronounce because meaning changes with a little tone difference
@@PimsleurTurkishLessons very true. Mandarin grammar is quite simple. Its four tones are manageable for most. One sound can have many meanings, but each one is contextually grounded. For me, my passion lay in the beauty of the characters. I could’ve spent a lifetime studying and learning them in the security of my dorm room without ever confronting the need to venture onto the streets to learn to speak. The plight of the introvert. The same with Uighur, whose Arabic script was a joy for me to practice. I never absorbed Uighur. It was beyond me.
@@thomasfreitag3532 Türkiye Turkish is the easiest Turkic dialect. If you want to learn any Turkic dialect you must firstly learn Türkiye Turkish then other Turkic dialects will be very easy to learn (to understand what is said 1 week is enough for Uyghur)
Those are my favorite type of language. Just an addendum: we cannot say precisely these languages have conjugations (or least not all of them). Such a case is applied to Japanese, for instance. This verb 入る (ha•iru => to enter) can be changed to its negative-past meaning 入らなかった (hai•ra•na•katta), which means "enter-[connective]-not-had". - 入る (base form, a.k.a. dictionary form) - ない (nai [verb-negatting suffix]; not-have) - かった (have-past) - not-have + have-past = なかった All these little parts are complete verbs themselves; when combined, they form something as a "meaningful verb", however not a conjugation. They aren't like Indo-European Portuguese, for example, which you would have real conjugations (suffixes that have no meaning at all by themselves, combined with a verb). Let's conjugate the verb "to eat" in Portuguese: Comer (infinitive, base form) => /ku'mer/ or /ko'mer/ - Eu como (I eat) - Tu comes (Thou eatest) - Ele/Ela come (He [it] or She eat) - Nós comemos (We eat) - Vós comeis (You eat) - Eles/Elas comem (They [masculine/feminine] eat) Those extra suffixes, for each conjugation, form a full verb. -o, -es, -e, -mos, etc. have no meaning alone. Therefore, they cannot be considered verbs themselves as in Japanese. A conjugation, by definition, is a full/complete verb. Personally, I believe most (if not all) agglutinative languages do not have any conjugation. *edit: fixed the sentence after 'therefore'
Reading your comment on Japanese verbs, A theory about Turkish occurred to me. There is a theory that some suffixes in Turkish used to be independent words, but they got fused with root words and became suffixes mostly retaining their meanings.
In many cases, these are called serial-verb-constructions (SVCs), and in some cases the connectors are called converbs~ just for anyone who's interested!
@@cheerful_crop_circle Actually the Japanese "N" is more complicated than that. At least if you mean the one that has it's own symbol and not the one that can be find in "na ni nu ne no" syllables.
Fascinating! Thank you Ben. I find it difficult to comprehend how these languanges developed such complicated constructions. Do the languages of primitive tribes tend to follow this pattern of creating a compound word or do they tend to have simple constructions?
Diolch yn fawr. Sometimes I think tribal cultures are more advanced in many ways than we are. Maybe not for a fine English suits and Scotch, but still. As per your question, do not think there is a pattern to tribal languages in general, they are quite varied.
The harsher the life style, the more complex a language tends to get. Thats why languages arose from settled civilizations tend to be more analytic, nomad ones agglutinative and hunter gatherer ones polysynthetic. The harsher the environment, the more you have to convey with as few words as possible
in 5.20, u meantion reciprocal in Queachua language. u translated it as " they let each other to be beaten", what does it mean? does it mean "they fought". Reciprocal verbs in Turkish is made with ş suffix. Döv(mek)=(to) beat, Dövüş(mek)=(to) fight (to beat each other). Çarp(mak)= (to) crash/hit Araba, ağaca çarptı= the car crashed/hit (to) the tree. Çarpış(mak)= to crash each other. Arabalar çarpıştı = the cars crashed each other. tanı(mak)=(to) know somebody, tanış(mak)=(to) get to know each other
Well we do not have context, so difficult to say. It would mean something like, 'they each did not stop / or caused the other to be beaten'. It depends on context.
nice - there are small errors in the basque translations, but if you want to stick to the mountain, you could think of “mendietakoarekin” -> “with the one from the mountains” 😂
I am glad you pointed this out because I have spent more years than I care to admit just assuming Esperanto is fusional due to never looking into it due to people that said "nah don't bother". Being taken aback by this made me read up a bit to see how wrong my mental image of the language has been which turns out to be "extremely" and it has been far more interesting to me to at least skim over key aspects than I would have anticipated!
The entire first half I got almost nothing out of it. I was distracted. I thought I might have seen him yawn a couple times and magically switch outfits or something. Can you advise me? Should I just continue to the end or go back to the beginning?
That's funny I got to about halfway and couldn't keep my eyes open. Trust me you're not missing much just the same boring intro then it's like wa wa wa wa wa like the adult voices in the Charlie Brown cartoons.
The reason, I think, is that the information isn't supported and clarified with examples. At the beginning, I felt the same but when I began to see the examples, I found it really interesting. I might start learning Queachua!
![Oasis - Oasis Live '25 [Official Trailer]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/gol_JnuEtKM/mqdefault.jpg)
Hilarious! :) I am Turkish and yes, the example you've shown in Turkish is perfectly correct. That's how Turkish works, but for the ones who would like to learn or study Turkish, we don't usually push the limits to that level! The number of suffixes don't go beyond three or four when agglutinating, which, in practice, is quite manageable and understandable. So, no need to get intimidated if you are interested in Turkish. I'd like to thank and congratulate you on what you are doing here, Ben. I love languages and you share so much information on languages.
Teșekkür.
There are some Turkish words in Romanian, which I am semi-familiar with, but no direct experience with it. And a glueing language like Turkish would be very good to learn. .
@@BenLlywelyn you can learn in my channel.
Turkish is agglutinative language but suffixes are only functional (tense,plural,modal etc).so words are not combined. for example nouns, adjectives,verbs are different words.
************
example;
adamı yaralayan kadını, tutuklayan polisin adı ne? =What is the name of the police officer who arrested the woman who injured the man?
adamı=the man
yaralayan=who injured
kadını=the woman,
tutuklayan=who arrested
polisin adı=the name of the police officer
ne=what
**************
example
kurtarılamazdık.=we would not be able to be saved
kurtar=save
ıl=passive voice
a=can
ma=negative
z=will
dı=past tense
k=we subject
------------------------
kurtardık=we saved
kurtaramadık=we could not save
kurtarıldık=we were saved
kurtarılmadık=we were not saved
kurtarılmazdık=we would not be saved.
kurtarılamadık=we could not be saved.
-------------------------------
prefix is only to emphasis, such as sarı=yellow, sapsarı=too much yellow
yaşlı=old , yapyaşlı=too much old.
kara=black kapkara=too much black
kızıl=reddish kıpkızıl=fully reddish.
-------------------------------
once you know root word's meaning and suffixes meanings you can guess new word's meaning. to make a new word suffixes are used (not prefixes). for example
bil=know
bilgi=knowledge
bilgili=informed
bilgisiz=ignorant
bilgisizce=ignorantly
bilgisizlik=ignorance
bilim=science
bilge=wise
bilgelik=wisdom
bilgece=wisely
bilimci=sciencist
bilgilen=get informed
bilgilendir=inform
bilgilendirme=informing
bildir=notify
bildirim=notification
bildirge=proclamation
bilinç=the conscious/consciousness
bilinçli=conscious
bilinçsiz=unconscious
bilinçsizlik=unconsciousness
bilinçsizce=unconsciously
bilgin=scholar
biliş=cognition
there are more words with root word "bil" but i did not add all.
------------------------------------------------
li suffix means "with" (lı,li,lu,lü) (acording to vowel harmony)
tuz=salt
tuzlu=salty (with salt)
siz suffix means "without" (sız,siz,suz,süz)
tuzsuz=saltless (without salt)
bilgi=knowledge
bilgili=informed (with info/knowledge)
bilgisiz=ignorant (without info/knowledge)
bilinç=the conscious/consciousness
bilinçli=conscious (with conscious)
bilinçsiz=unconscious (without conscious)
The hungarian example has some typos. ' In my childhood = gyerekkoromban ' ( gyerek + kor + om + ban / child + age + my + in ). The stress always falls on the first syllable of the word, nowhere else.
I again appreciate your clear presentation of complex languages and language families. I studied both Mandarin Chinese and Uighur, the Turkic language of Central Asia. It was easier for me to grasp and absorb Mandarin, with its analytic similarities with English, than Uighur, with all its glorious endings. Both languages have their simplicities and complexities. I see from the comments that there are those who may not share a linguistic passion for language, but I tell you, for me you’re a breath of fresh air.
Learning a Turkic language would be so fascinating.
The closest Im likely to delve deeply into in my lifetime is Hungarian or Japanese. But you never know what life brings, maybe this channel will blow up and I will be able to!
Thank you.
I have heard that chinese has very easy grammar but its hard part is writing system and tonal language is hard to pronounce because meaning changes with a little tone difference
@@PimsleurTurkishLessons very true. Mandarin grammar is quite simple. Its four tones are manageable for most. One sound can have many meanings, but each one is contextually grounded. For me, my passion lay in the beauty of the characters. I could’ve spent a lifetime studying and learning them in the security of my dorm room without ever confronting the need to venture onto the streets to learn to speak. The plight of the introvert. The same with Uighur, whose Arabic script was a joy for me to practice. I never absorbed Uighur. It was beyond me.
@@thomasfreitag3532 Türkiye Turkish is the easiest Turkic dialect. If you want to learn any Turkic dialect you must firstly learn Türkiye Turkish then other Turkic dialects will be very easy to learn (to understand what is said 1 week is enough for Uyghur)
@@PimsleurTurkishLessons thank you!
Wow! I thoroughly enjoy this video! Sharing it far and wide! Thanks for the awesome breakdown, Ben!
Diolch John, I appreciate your sharing and glad I brought some joy to the world.
Those are my favorite type of language.
Just an addendum: we cannot say precisely these languages have conjugations (or least not all of them). Such a case is applied to Japanese, for instance. This verb 入る (ha•iru => to enter) can be changed to its negative-past meaning 入らなかった (hai•ra•na•katta), which means "enter-[connective]-not-had".
- 入る (base form, a.k.a. dictionary form)
- ない (nai [verb-negatting suffix]; not-have)
- かった (have-past)
- not-have + have-past = なかった
All these little parts are complete verbs themselves; when combined, they form something as a "meaningful verb", however not a conjugation. They aren't like Indo-European Portuguese, for example, which you would have real conjugations (suffixes that have no meaning at all by themselves, combined with a verb).
Let's conjugate the verb "to eat" in Portuguese:
Comer (infinitive, base form) => /ku'mer/ or /ko'mer/
- Eu como (I eat)
- Tu comes (Thou eatest)
- Ele/Ela come (He [it] or She eat)
- Nós comemos (We eat)
- Vós comeis (You eat)
- Eles/Elas comem (They [masculine/feminine] eat)
Those extra suffixes, for each conjugation, form a full verb.
-o, -es, -e, -mos, etc. have no meaning alone. Therefore, they cannot be considered verbs themselves as in Japanese.
A conjugation, by definition, is a full/complete verb.
Personally, I believe most (if not all) agglutinative languages do not have any conjugation.
*edit: fixed the sentence after 'therefore'
This is a fascinating way to look at it, to define conjugation as you do. Very interesting. Thank you for your input.
Reading your comment on Japanese verbs, A theory about Turkish occurred to me. There is a theory that some suffixes in Turkish used to be independent words, but they got fused with root words and became suffixes mostly retaining their meanings.
In many cases, these are called serial-verb-constructions (SVCs), and in some cases the connectors are called converbs~ just for anyone who's interested!
@@meganholloran373 BTW, the Japanese "N" sound is like the German "N"
@@cheerful_crop_circle Actually the Japanese "N" is more complicated than that. At least if you mean the one that has it's own symbol and not the one that can be find in "na ni nu ne no" syllables.
The Word for
Language and Tongue
Lingua (It) , comes from The word GU in Gheg which means Language and Tongue
Fascinating! Thank you Ben. I find it difficult to comprehend how these languanges developed such complicated constructions. Do the languages of primitive tribes tend to follow this pattern of creating a compound word or do they tend to have simple constructions?
Diolch yn fawr. Sometimes I think tribal cultures are more advanced in many ways than we are. Maybe not for a fine English suits and Scotch, but still. As per your question, do not think there is a pattern to tribal languages in general, they are quite varied.
The harsher the life style, the more complex a language tends to get. Thats why languages arose from settled civilizations tend to be more analytic, nomad ones agglutinative and hunter gatherer ones polysynthetic. The harsher the environment, the more you have to convey with as few words as possible
Amazing , thank you for your amazing information because i start to understand the Sumerian language .
Cheers. Cool.
in 5.20, u meantion reciprocal in Queachua language. u translated it as " they let each other to be beaten", what does it mean? does it mean "they fought".
Reciprocal verbs in Turkish is made with ş suffix. Döv(mek)=(to) beat, Dövüş(mek)=(to) fight (to beat each other). Çarp(mak)= (to) crash/hit Araba, ağaca çarptı= the car crashed/hit (to) the tree. Çarpış(mak)= to crash each other. Arabalar çarpıştı = the cars crashed each other.
tanı(mak)=(to) know somebody, tanış(mak)=(to) get to know each other
Well we do not have context, so difficult to say. It would mean something like, 'they each did not stop / or caused the other to be beaten'. It depends on context.
Ah, yes, the word grappling/wrestling is "güreŞmek" in Turkish and it doesn't have a singular form. Maybe because it can't be done alone.😄
thanks for explaining this groups of languages who belong to the same group but are not genetically related
Welcome.
Hi! I am a Turkish. When we usually speak, we use short sentences.
15:30 This is unnecessary.
Thank you for watching.
Korkusuzlaştırıvereyemeyebileceklerimizdenmişsinizcesine.
Good video, but the quality of the audio isn't good 😞
Audio is improved since then. Watch some of the newer videos.
Thanks for these videos :-) I'm also recommending them to my linguistics students. And by the way was that Mr. Urdd I saw in the corner? 😅
Mr. Urdd is a funny guy.
nice - there are small errors in the basque translations, but if you want to stick to the mountain, you could think of “mendietakoarekin” -> “with the one from the mountains” 😂
Also the Esperanto language is agglutinative
Is it? Looks fusional?
@@BenLlywelyn it's got agglutinative features. Check it out for yourself.
I am glad you pointed this out because I have spent more years than I care to admit just assuming Esperanto is fusional due to never looking into it due to people that said "nah don't bother". Being taken aback by this made me read up a bit to see how wrong my mental image of the language has been which turns out to be "extremely" and it has been far more interesting to me to at least skim over key aspects than I would have anticipated!
how about finnish
Agglutinative.
so german is not?
German is not an agglutinative language
The entire first half I got almost nothing out of it. I was distracted. I thought I might have seen him yawn a couple times and magically switch outfits or something. Can you advise me? Should I just continue to the end or go back to the beginning?
That's funny I got to about halfway and couldn't keep my eyes open. Trust me you're not missing much just the same boring intro then it's like wa wa wa wa wa like the adult voices in the Charlie Brown cartoons.
@@ridesharetroll1540 yeah it's like he's glueing my eyes shut.
The reason, I think, is that the information isn't supported and clarified with examples. At the beginning, I felt the same but when I began to see the examples, I found it really interesting. I might start learning Queachua!