Nostalgia of old KÖNIGSBERG, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia)

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  • Опубликовано: 4 авг 2018
  • Images allegedly in public domain. I will delete the video upon request of their owners, if any.
    MUSIC: Minor With Cricket di Audionautix è un brano autorizzato da Creative Commons Attribution (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
    Artista: audionautix.com/
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Комментарии • 218

  • @celtbell
    @celtbell 4 года назад +75

    Hard to believe that something so beautiful is gone

    • @stoopidpoop452
      @stoopidpoop452 3 года назад +3

      Many beautiful things disappeared for ever! (destroyed by nazi)

    • @johnerwin9024
      @johnerwin9024 3 года назад +3

      still have the photographs at least👍

    • @user-mf8rv4wb3g
      @user-mf8rv4wb3g 2 года назад +3

      Нечего было войну начинать

    • @user-mf8rv4wb3g
      @user-mf8rv4wb3g 2 года назад +3

      @fuchs_im_huehnerstall все что там осталось и можно было восстановить они восстановили. И в 45 город не от рук красной армии пострадал,а от бомб американцев и англичан

    • @patrykrokosz1112
      @patrykrokosz1112 2 года назад +4

      @@user-mf8rv4wb3g wielu ucierpiało z rąk przeklętej armii czerwonej i ich "wyzwolenia". Im dalej od ruskich tym lepiej

  • @matrixberzins465
    @matrixberzins465 Год назад +22

    As Latvian I wish Konigsberg go back to Germany!

    • @sergiy01
      @sergiy01 9 месяцев назад +5

      What about German Memel? Russians presented it to Lithuanians just after World War II.

    • @lantana3217
      @lantana3217 3 месяца назад +1

      Latvians were the most collaborating allies of nazist in killing their jewish .....today only Memory remains of the thousands people latvians exterminated....shame on latvia

  • @erwinschaddelee46
    @erwinschaddelee46 Год назад +11

    Königinsberg is zo duits het hoort niet bij Rusland ik zie het als bezet gebied net als de krim

  • @gouarchlaurent3739
    @gouarchlaurent3739 5 лет назад +14

    Très belles photographies de l'ancienne Königsberg. Merci

  • @alexkulka8578
    @alexkulka8578 2 года назад +15

    Meine Vorfahren kommen teils aus Königsberg!

  • @Heidi.M
    @Heidi.M 2 года назад +14

    My dad was born in Königsberg in 1928. I wish he could have seen this and I’m so glad that I found it. Thank you! 🥲

    • @reneegiese6315
      @reneegiese6315 Год назад

      Ich bin optimistisch, was Königsberg angeht.

    • @sergiy01
      @sergiy01 9 месяцев назад

      @@reneegiese6315 Ich bin optimistisch, was Deutschland angeht.... which will soon become African exclave on the European continent.

    • @reneegiese6315
      @reneegiese6315 9 месяцев назад

      @@sergiy01 Ach Sergej, bleib in Russland

  • @mariosarto3612
    @mariosarto3612 Год назад +9

    Quando i vincitori sono peggiori dei vinti il disastro è assicurato.

  • @mattm9759
    @mattm9759 5 лет назад +64

    Was, is and forever will be German Prussian Konigsberg!

    • @blankspace1419
      @blankspace1419 4 года назад +7

      This BS will die with you boomer
      Its Russia

    • @egegeggegeeg4789
      @egegeggegeeg4789 4 года назад +21

      @@blankspace1419 nah, it is german land and will always be ^^

    • @agenttassadar7272
      @agenttassadar7272 4 года назад +7

      The Russians offered it back to Germany in 1992. It unfortunately was declined.

    • @egegeggegeeg4789
      @egegeggegeeg4789 4 года назад +7

      @@agenttassadar7272 they HAD to decline.

    • @fenixproject5554
      @fenixproject5554 4 года назад

      HAHAHA only in your dreams hahahaha

  • @birgitgramann4599
    @birgitgramann4599 3 года назад +13

    Sehnsucht nach der Heimat kommt auf...

  • @LWZ2010
    @LWZ2010 3 года назад +17

    These bombings were supposed to break the morale of the inhabitants, but just as the inhabitants of Leningrad or London did not break, they did not break the spirit of the inhabitants of Königsberg. It was just an act of crude revenge.

    • @user-mf8rv4wb3g
      @user-mf8rv4wb3g 2 года назад +2

      but nevertheless, Leningrad was not taken, unlike Koenigsberg. And it's stupid to compare

  • @AshleyGravesreal
    @AshleyGravesreal 2 года назад +15

    Königsberg..

    • @user-mf8rv4wb3g
      @user-mf8rv4wb3g 2 года назад +1

      Калининград

    • @reneegiese6315
      @reneegiese6315 Год назад

      @@user-mf8rv4wb3g Kalinin was only a criminal like Stalin

    • @patrickweissel5241
      @patrickweissel5241 3 месяца назад

      Twangste, Königsberg, Kaliningrad.
      Byzanz, Konstantinopel, Istanbul.
      etc.etc.etc

  • @Harun_1881
    @Harun_1881 2 года назад +8

    This video is make me cry 😭

  • @farseverosapirico6248
    @farseverosapirico6248 3 года назад +14

    This video film is more than excellent , but This Video has forgot to mention that this little town had been creating famous people of great Importance , as :
    Regiomontanus : mathematician
    Cathleen Brandenburg ,Princess of Transsylvania
    Chr. Goldbach: mathematician
    Leonard Euler: mathematician
    Immanuel Kant : philosopher
    E.T.A. Hoffmann : writer , author
    G.H.L. Hagen : physicist
    G. R. Kirchoff: physicist
    K.R.König: physicist
    Otto Wallach chemist
    D. Hilbert : mathematician
    Erich von Drygalski : discoverer
    A. Sommerfeld: physicist
    Agnes Miegel: physicist
    Fanny Lewald: physicist
    H.A.Winkler : historian
    And no any russians , because russians are only russians .
    Many russians live on importing western made cars here , and selling them in Russia . It's their main point .

  • @sandrisjansons1515
    @sandrisjansons1515 11 месяцев назад +7

    It's not ''only memory''. You'll see - one day , sooner or later Königinsberg will return to where it belong. Free Prussia !

  • @Rafael-wg7dg
    @Rafael-wg7dg 3 года назад +49

    Everything the Soviets did to Germany is unforgivable. (I'm talking about ARCHITECTURE AND ARTISTIC HERITAGE, and not about war and politics. So keep calm buddy).

    • @stoopidpoop452
      @stoopidpoop452 3 года назад +8

      Vice versa too!

    • @beliakovm
      @beliakovm 3 года назад +9

      Dude, thats the price you pay for starting the greatest massacre in worlds history

    • @beliakovm
      @beliakovm 3 года назад +4

      @Eric Hamilton I am pretty sure the world lost much more people during WW2 than during Stalin's reign (not backing Stalin or USSR, just facts here).

    • @bodatotalitarian7278
      @bodatotalitarian7278 3 года назад +2

      @Eric Hamilton No that would be George Washington, 100 million indigenous Americans wide out by anglos, crazy

    • @hezky90
      @hezky90 3 года назад +4

      It's one of those cases where when Germany entered Russia in 1941 and treated the Russians like animals, they did so thinking that they would never pay for it. It's oddly poetic that Hitler's rhetoric and ideals of wiping out cultures deemed undesirable resulted in the complete destruction of East Prussian heritage.
      This doesn't mean the Soviets were right in what they did. All it goes to show is using hate as a weapon in uncontrollable weapon with devastating results to both sides.

  • @MegaTrinity69
    @MegaTrinity69 2 месяца назад +2

    if there was no war world II, the city like many others could have been still here but ignorance and hatred has won and war came and with that loss of beautiful cities, loss of culture and most horrible pain and loss of lives - we did not learn, look at the world today with military conflicts in Africa, poverty and on going genocide in Palestine, war in Ukraine - did we even grown up to call ourselves human beings.

  • @LazyAndFabulous
    @LazyAndFabulous 4 года назад +15

    What happened to those Architecture

    • @sergiy01
      @sergiy01 9 месяцев назад

      Historical center of Königsberg was severely damaged by Anglo-American aerial attacks in 1944.
      Eighty per cent of residential buildings in Germany were destroyed by Anglo-American air raids.

  • @BorisJohnson129
    @BorisJohnson129 2 года назад +31

    Soviet atrocities should not be overlooked. My family was born in Allenstein and managed to escape before the Soviets took it,but many of the people in Allenstein,Königsberg,and others were not so lucky. I know it is unlikely, but I hope the evil Russian regime leaves Königsberg to Germany one day.

    • @wendys9587
      @wendys9587 2 года назад +3

      I wish that too. But it would not be the same. What would we do with all the Russians living there?

    • @BorisJohnson129
      @BorisJohnson129 2 года назад +4

      @@wendys9587 I’m not against the Russian population staying but the Russian government should go. It is best to honor those who lived in Königsberg before by at least making sure Kaliningrad isn’t a hell hole like it is under Russian rule.

    • @wendys9587
      @wendys9587 2 года назад +3

      @@BorisJohnson129 well it can’t be a German city if it’s populated by Russians

    • @BorisJohnson129
      @BorisJohnson129 2 года назад +5

      @@wendys9587 Possibly but it is feasible to peacefully Germanize the population over time.

    • @karylhogan5758
      @karylhogan5758 2 года назад +3

      Konigsburg is dead, like it’s German population..
      The area still there, but others live there now…

  • @PiroXiline
    @PiroXiline 2 года назад +26

    Well. As a Ukrainian.
    russsians currently moved most of army out of "Kaliningrad", while they use it only mostly as a military base with missiles in the center of Europe - soon it is a time to hold reparation talks, it may be time to negotiate it back.
    I'm sorry for what happened to Konigsberg, I'd wished this historical and cultural center was kept properly as such.

    • @justsomerandomguynamedsam3657
      @justsomerandomguynamedsam3657 2 года назад +11

      Some day she will return to Germany

    • @charlesdressel8152
      @charlesdressel8152 2 года назад +9

      And the surrounding german Land of Ostpreussen?? Stolen by Poland??? Shouldn't it be given back to Germany, too? Just to be fair!!

    • @yonekduhyote
      @yonekduhyote 2 года назад +2

      @@charlesdressel8152 Only Poland should be shifted east and compensated with land yanked by Belarus and Ukraine

    • @reneegiese6315
      @reneegiese6315 Год назад +1

      The world is on Ukrainian side.

    • @losabias4723
      @losabias4723 Год назад +1

      @@charlesdressel8152 Germany and the USSR invaded Poland, so it's kinda fair the southern part of East Prussia was given to Poland as a compensation, besides, it already had an important polish heritage before.

  • @tenrebla
    @tenrebla 3 года назад +19

    Uebt immer Treu und Redlichkeit, Preussen immer deutsch, Gruesee aus Spanien. Viva Prusia !

    • @romanalexandrovich9785
      @romanalexandrovich9785 3 года назад +2

      Der FSB wurde zum 75. Jahrestag der Gründung der Region freigegeben und an die Regionalarchive übergeben.
      Die Gräueltaten der Deutschen werden in Gang gesetzt.
      Ein wesentlicher Teil der veröffentlichten Dokumente zeugt von den Verbrechen der deutschen Nationalsozialisten gegen die Gefangenen der Lager. Auf dem Gebiet Ostpreußens gab es fast fünfzig Lager (auch für Kriegsgefangene), von denen sich 17 in Königsberg befanden.
      Insbesondere monströse Gräueltaten wurden von den Deutschen im ostpreußischen Zweig des Konzentrationslagers Stutthof, einer großen "Todesfabrik", begangen.
      Das Lager Stutthof, fünfzig Kilometer von der polnischen Stadt Danzig entfernt, wurde am 2. September 1939, einen Tag nach Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkriegs, gegründet. Hitlers Ärzte verwendeten Gefangene als Testpersonen in ihren Experimenten und stellten Seife aus menschlichem Fett her. Ein Stück solcher Seife wurde später bei den Nürnberger Prozessen als Beispiel für die Wildheit der Nazis gezeigt. Stutthof hatte mehrere Dutzend Niederlassungen auf dem Gebiet des polnischen Pommern, Ostpreußens und Ostpommerns.
      Die brutalen Massaker an den Deutschen gegen die Zivilbevölkerung werden in einer Sonderbotschaft erwähnt, die von Oberst Isaac Iofis verfasst wurde, der vom Volkskommissariat für innere Angelegenheiten der UdSSR für die 43. Armee autorisiert wurde und an den NKWD gerichtet ist, der für die 1. Baltische Front, den für Sicherheit zuständigen Kommissar Ivan, zuständig ist Tkachenko (der später den Regimedienst des ersten sowjetischen Unternehmens zur Gewinnung von Plutonium für Atomwaffen in der Stadt Tscheljabinsk-40, heute Ozersk, leitete).
      Wie Iofis berichtete, wurden am 15. Februar 1945 in der Nähe der Stadt Kumenen in Ostpreußen über hundert brutal gefolterte Zivilisten - Russen, Juden, Franzosen, Rumänen - in einer Waldschlucht gefunden, und die Mehrheit der Getöteten waren Frauen von 18 bis 35 Jahren. In den Taschen einiger der Getöteten befand sich spärliches Essen - kleine Kartoffelknollen, Hafer, Weizenkörner und Becher, Tassen und Holzlöffel waren an ihren Gürteln festgebunden. Wie von einer Sonderkommission festgelegt, handelte es sich um KZ-Häftlinge. Es stellte sich heraus, dass alle von den Deutschen "während des hastigen Rückzugs der Deutschen unter dem Ansturm der Roten Armee" erschossen wurden.

    • @romanalexandrovich9785
      @romanalexandrovich9785 3 года назад +3

      alex... East Prusia is dead, like a mammoth...

    • @beltransalasgarcia6005
      @beltransalasgarcia6005 2 года назад

      ¡Viva la antigua Prusia! Saludos también desde España.

    • @patrickweissel5241
      @patrickweissel5241 3 месяца назад

      ​qué es " la antigua " Prusia ?

  • @lianefux1773
    @lianefux1773 2 года назад +13

    Forever Germany❤

    • @lianefux1773
      @lianefux1773 2 года назад +1

      Beautiful guitar play.

    • @user-hg7gv6mq5n
      @user-hg7gv6mq5n Год назад +2

      Угомонись потомок Гитлера... Навсегда великая РОССИЯ!!!

    • @reneegiese6315
      @reneegiese6315 Год назад +2

      @@user-hg7gv6mq5n Russians are born loser.

  • @bgdudefromsofia
    @bgdudefromsofia 2 года назад +2

    There were a lot of furniture stores.

  • @gunnarvongroppenbruch9270
    @gunnarvongroppenbruch9270 9 месяцев назад +1

    Very nice pictures, but unfortunately they are mostly blurred because they are enlarged I think.

  • @ottomeyer6928
    @ottomeyer6928 3 года назад +2

    the musik,the musik!!!!!!!

  • @rosentodorov9892
    @rosentodorov9892 2 года назад +5

    No more Kaliningrad indeed. Regards from Bulgaria.

  • @alfonsovelasquezzb108
    @alfonsovelasquezzb108 Год назад +24

    Soviets would have broken Germany's will, spirit and history taken Prussia. But one day I hope that Prussia will be ones again part of Germany. Prussian Genocide will never be forget. 🇩🇪

    • @Gernachor
      @Gernachor Год назад +1

      🇷🇺🤜🇩🇪

    • @alfonsovelasquezzb108
      @alfonsovelasquezzb108 Год назад +3

      @@Gernachor 🇺🇸🇩🇪🇺🇦🇪🇺💪🔝
      🇷🇺🆘⬇️🔚

    • @Gernachor
      @Gernachor Год назад +1

      @@alfonsovelasquezzb108 average gayurope kid

    • @patrickweissel5241
      @patrickweissel5241 3 месяца назад +1

      Alfonso Velasquez , te guste o no : en la sangre de mis hijos seguirán viviendo Los Perbant.

    • @patrickweissel5241
      @patrickweissel5241 3 месяца назад

      por si te interesa la historia 👇
      gsta.preussischer-kulturbesitz.de/nutzung/nutzungshinweise/hinweise-in-anderen-sprachen/english.html

  • @zxxxd6825
    @zxxxd6825 3 года назад +11

    German development makeing plan to get back city?

    • @SlavicCoffee
      @SlavicCoffee 3 года назад +11

      I honestly don’t know at this point but I’m hoping some day in the near future or in the future it will be given back to Germany in the past I’ve herd that Russia was going to offer kolingsberg to the Germans ( in Putin’s early days ) but the Germans declined. I assume that Russia was expecting Germany to pay it back tho, it was probably too much so basically Putin was playing around. Will it be a German city again in the future? It’s probably a 50/50 chance. It depends of what happens in the next 100 years or so, ( hopefully sooner )

    • @lithuanianwarrior1081
      @lithuanianwarrior1081 3 года назад +3

      @@SlavicCoffee Are you freaking dumb? Kaliningrad will never be german again. Russia will never be democratic again either. It has an immense military strategic value becsuse it can contain the aggressive NATO forces and Russia in case of another 1941 style aggressive war can launch short-range ballistic missiles into cities like Berlin or Copenhagen.

    • @yonekduhyote
      @yonekduhyote 2 года назад +1

      the German people better learn the truth about the war and demand their eastern lands back. The Nazis committed crimes but not the people. The farmers and workers expelled from those eastern lands was a crime!

  • @user-pz6ls4uk8k
    @user-pz6ls4uk8k 21 день назад +1

    Как хорошо что город навсегда русский и наша родина уже в четвертом поколении. Немцы убили 27 миллионов советских людей и поэтому город военный трофей. Немецких людоедов вампиров и оборотней больше не будет в нашем городе

  • @luuchoo93
    @luuchoo93 3 года назад +24

    If only Germany hadn’t started the war... this city wouldn’t be history

    • @Anonim99435
      @Anonim99435 2 года назад +6

      It would have still been the same result, USSR would have started the war regardless

    • @yonekduhyote
      @yonekduhyote 2 года назад

      @@Anonim99435 hence the book by Suvorov "Icebreaker"

    • @pastuh
      @pastuh 2 месяца назад +1

      its insane to think.. all countries shaped by war.. Peoples cant just live in peace.

  • @md.walidhasan7760
    @md.walidhasan7760 2 года назад +2

    No need to be proud as you born and will die only your actions will define you. Among us only those people are good who are God fearing and obedient to his Lord.... No German no Arab or African are great only pious people are regarded as best.

  • @GoodRussianeu
    @GoodRussianeu Год назад

    Shame. Hi isn't Kant on 2.17

  • @johnsnowkumar359
    @johnsnowkumar359 3 года назад +5

    This guy may be a trouble maker. Germany owned Kaliningrad for a few centuries while Poland also owned east Prussia for a few centuries, while Teutonic knights (Crusaders, of may European ethnicities, such as Magyars, Bularians, French warriors) owned East Prussia for a few centuries, and Russian kingdom owned East Prussia for about 6 years in the late middle ages. Centuries ago, Russia owned Kaliningrad and east Prussia for six years from say, about 1690 to about 1696. Or say from 1776 to 1792, I forgot the years. It's all over google searches, which years Russian Kingdom of the Romanov Dynasty owned East Prussia. Battle of Eylau is one such battle. The extremely small Russian population of East Prussia (5 percent) of pre ww2 years and large population of Lviv Poland(25 percent ethnic Rusians of Lviv in pre-ww2 months), preferred to call themselves Jews instead of Russians, to avoid resentment of Poles) preferred to remain invisible to German speaking bureaucrats or Polish speaking bureaucrats (depending on who ruled). This was by calling themselves bi-lingual (The five thousand ethnic Russians of East Prussia of pre ww2 days claimed they were German speaking people on stepping outside home in Kohlinsburg, while speaking Russian at home in pre ww2 east Prussia), claimed to be of either Orthodox or protestant faith, and avoided confrontation. In case there is any talk of deportation of Russians from central Europe in those centuries, the bilingual Russians there preferred to refer to themselves as locals, as Jews, not Russians or as Orthodox Christians. In 1940, Nazi Germany declared that it will conquer all Slavic countries and re-settle these countries with Soviet citizens with German word anywhere in their names. eg. Boris Fritz Yeltsin, Boris Vindman Volkov, Ivan alexei Vindman. At the end of world war 2, there were war repercussions. East Prussia was physically detached from Germany, and German nationalists for centuries wanted to conquer the Polish corridor (land between Germany, real name Deuchland, and East Prussia, a detached province). The winning allies in Potsdam decided to give a larger area of East Prussia to Poland, as Poland had also owned East Prussia for a few earlier centuries many centuries back. Meanwhile, any ethnic Russian or BelaRusian or Ukrainian with a German name in their names (eg. Boris Yeltsin Hoffman) were allowed to re-settle in Kaliningrad, northern areas of East Prussia up to the sea, a smaller part. So, the ww2 allies decided to implement Hitler's perverted plans at Potsdam meetings and Yalta meetings, to give a little percentage of land of East Prussia , the seaport section, to Russia, in order to re-settle Soviet Russian-speaking people of Russia and BelaRus, with a German name somewhere in their names (eg. Irene Volkova Hoffman) in the smaller north part of East Prussia, which they called Kaliningrad. Russia got , say about 25 percent of East Prussia while Poland got 75 percent of landmass of East Prussia at the end of ww2. Now in 2020, both areas of former East Prussia are full or Poles ( part of East Prussia which went to Poland, over 90 percent Poles) or ethnic Russians, (over 90 percent, in part of East Prussia which went to Russia) with over 90 percent ethnicity, as of today. Modern German citizens of Germany proper say they do not know any old people of German ethnicity from East Prussia today as of 2020. The Germans say they think no German citizen inside Germany still alive misses East Prussia, that they know of, and there is no need for future ethnic cleansing of map of non - existent East Prussia, by theoretical future deportation of Poles and ethnic Russians from big former non-existent East Prussia province.

  • @Adamczewsky
    @Adamczewsky Год назад

    Krolewiec old polish and prussian city.

  • @thierrymitchell5977
    @thierrymitchell5977 3 месяца назад +3

    some of the shops on the pictures were jewish held and those poor people were anihilated long before the city was destroyed, which was afterall just a backfire of what Germany has done to its eastern neighbours and its own jewish citizens

  • @user-vf2sx2ui1w
    @user-vf2sx2ui1w 3 года назад +5

    Где парады периода Рейха,почему в основном фото времён первой мировой и после.Не стыдитесь и этой страницы истории города.А почему Калининград так убого выглядит?Потому что он перестал быть немецким,но так и не стал русским.Наверное,поэтому

    • @golemer
      @golemer 2 года назад +4

      it was konigsberg PRUSSIA

    • @user-mf8rv4wb3g
      @user-mf8rv4wb3g 2 года назад +3

      @@golemer теперь это Калининград РОССИЯ

    • @patrickweissel5241
      @patrickweissel5241 3 месяца назад

      It was Twangste SAMLAND

  • @user-pz6ls4uk8k
    @user-pz6ls4uk8k 11 месяцев назад +3

    Как хорошо что наш Калининград навсегда русский. Это город наша родина уже в четвертом поколении. Город достался нам большой ценой. Германские вампиры слишком много русской крови выпили. Город прекрасно отстроен многое мы восстановили. Наибольший ущерб городу был нанесен английской авиацией. Теперь город хорошо укреплён является местом базирования флота. Любой агрессор будет уничтожен

    • @heartsofiron4ever
      @heartsofiron4ever 10 месяцев назад +12

      One day, Königsberg will again become German, and we'll expel the cancer that is Russia

    • @elpacman2276
      @elpacman2276 4 месяца назад +1

      Then they say they are peacemakers and they are nothing more than murderers, rapists of women who make their map big with imperialist pretensions. Russia must return Konigsberg to Germany

    • @user-cf7ou7pd8q
      @user-cf7ou7pd8q 3 месяца назад +2

      ​@@heartsofiron4everКалининград моя Родина - Россия! Никогда эта земля не будет немецкой!

    • @heartsofiron4ever
      @heartsofiron4ever 3 месяца назад +1

      @@user-cf7ou7pd8q Your stolen land, the Florence of the East is now in ruins, look what you did to the city

    • @kestutisvaitiekus8173
      @kestutisvaitiekus8173 2 месяца назад

      Da konecno. Polovina zemnovo shara vasha rasha. Stalin s kalininom toze tak dumajut

  • @robertodigiovanni2443
    @robertodigiovanni2443 2 месяца назад

    Perché se ne parla solo oggi. Nel resto d Europa nessuno sapeva neanche i professori di storia. C'è stato un ostracismo vergognoso. Ho letto i libri di Helga Schneider. L. Esodo forzato di milioni di tedeschi da Breslau Danzig patria di Schopenhauer e Königsberg di Kant. Forse solo oggi per motivi di guerra gli anglo americani scoprono l acqua calda e ci danno il permesso di conoscere questa vergognosa pagina di storia. Grazie gentilissimi