This Microscopic Organism Has 90x More DNA than Humans?! | Alien Ocean
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- Опубликовано: 29 сен 2024
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✩ This Animal Can Vomit Up All Its Organs...and SURVIVE?: • This Animal Can Vomit ...
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Ruggiero, M. A., Gordon, D. P., Orrell, T. M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R. C., … Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLOS ONE, 10(4), e0119248. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248
Cavalier-Smith, T. (2017). Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences. Protoplasma, 255(1), 297-357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3
Hoppenrath, M. (2016). Dinoflagellate taxonomy - a review and proposal of a revised classification. Marine Biodiversity, 47(2), 381-403. doi:10.1007/s12526-016-0471-8
Cavalier-Smith, T. (1998). A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 73(3), 203-266. doi:10.1017/s0006323198005167
Schnepf, E., & Deichgräber, G. (1984). “Myzocytosis”, a kind of endocytosis with implications to compartmentation in endosymbiosis. Naturwissenschaften, 71(4), 218-219. doi:10.1007/bf00490442
Penaud, A., Hardy, W., Lambert, C., Marret, F., Masure, E., Servais, T., … Mertens, K. N. (2018). Dinoflagellate fossils: Geological and biological applications. Revue de Micropaléontologie. doi:10.1016/j.revmic.2018.09.003
Mangerud, G., Paterson, N. W., & Riding, J. B. (2018). The temporal and spatial distribution of Triassic dinoflagellate cysts. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2018.11.010
Lin, S. (2011). Genomic understanding of dinoflagellates. Research in Microbiology, 162(6), 551-569. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2011.04.006
Nand, A., Zhan, Y., Salazar, O.R. et al. Genetic and spatial organization of the unusual chromosomes of the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium microadriaticum. Nat Genet 53, 618-629 (2021). doi.org/10.103...
Stephens, T. G., Ragan, M. A., Bhattacharya, D., & Chan, C. X. (2018). Core genes in diverse dinoflagellate lineages include a wealth of conserved dark genes with unknown functions. Scientific reports, 8(1), 17175. doi.org/10.103...
Fransolet, D., Roberty, S., & Plumier, J.-C. (2012). Establishment of endosymbiosis: The case of cnidarians and Symbiodinium. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 420-421, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2012.03.015
Douglas, A. E. (2003). Coral bleaching--how and why? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46(4), 385-392. doi:10.1016/s0025-326x(03)00037-7
Hallegraeff, G. M., Anderson, D. M., & Cembella, A. D. (2003, October 1). Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae (Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology, 11). United Nations Educational.
the fact that this has been out for a month and has 108 views is mind shattering i dont know anything about marine biology but I THOROUGHLY enjoyed this video
its significantly higher now, as of this writing. You are having your way by the grace of the almighty algorithm; this cerebral cephalopod has impressed me equally as you after a single viewing, as the algorithm intuitively knew it just might.
I'm honestly sad I haven't found her earlier. I adore her and I found her like a week ago.
i’m happy to announce just over a year later the vid has over 26,000 ❤️
she’ll get there 🐚
@@Jessica_Costantini heck yeah!!
@@Jessica_Costantini 20,000 more in less than a week
How the heck am I supposed to decide on a favorite dinoflagellate shape when you've named them all so perfectly!!?! 😂
If I base it on the name alone, I go with the "Bwomp!" If I base it on the shape alone, then I guess... I still can't decide, many of them are interesting or appealing in different ways. Cylon ship, Moon, Spike, even "Want a Hug?" and lumpy balloon are all cool to me! Gun-vase & piece of candy are also crazy, like, wat?!
I'm very happy with my ending surprise, I won it in both ways :)
I think the long boi is my favorite shape but The Bwomp is definitely my favorite name
i love the sunfish dish 🥺 i want it!
THE GOD DAMN MOON is my fave shape
What movie was referenced a couple times??? Watched this a couple times and I always find myself wondering
The cyclon ship is cool
Gimme more of those Cylon ship friends ^-^
I DONT CARE IF IM PLAYING INTO THE ENGAGEMENT SCHEME ITS THE SPIIIIIKE THE SPIIIIIIIKE IS THE COOLEST
So that's why Plankton was so bitter. He had no control over his life. He was just controlled by the currents around him.
This deserves more likes
I just found your channel from tiktok and I am SO grateful fate decided to introduce me to you. what a hidden gem of a channel you have!! I can see it being very successful, your style is super lovely! keep up the great work!
The fact you actually talk like a human, knows who your audience is and put little jokes here and there got me hooked on your channel, amazing work!
Dinoflagellates are super cool! Especially the bioluminescent ones. So glad I found this channel :)
I wrote the comment before the bioluminescence hint lol
Dude! Put a spoiler alert before you leave comments like this! 😉😉😉
@@OctopusLady I'll consider it lol
Question of the video, 11:58: My favorite dinoflaggelate shape is The Spike. They look like smol alien starships when they're going around doing... whatever it is they're doing. I remember watching them in a microscope in high school cellular biology class as a few of them went around ensnaring and draining euglenas of their cytoplasm. Spooky, but for amoeba.
Really wish you had been my biology and oceanography teacher. You would have definitely made the class a fun learning experience.
I have loved Marine Biology my whole life and I am so thankful to have found your channel. Adulting has crushed a lot of my passions, but you give me a back a little of that energy I once had. Keep up the AWESOME work.
I realize this comment is 9 months old, but I hope that whatever was going on in your life during the time you wrote this comment has gotten better for you. I understand what you mean about adulting crushing a lot of your passions, but finding something, anything, that makes you happy that you are passionate about, regardless of how small/big it is to you or anyone else (which doesn't matter because they aren't you :) ) is important to our mental health. I saw this and immediately understood where you're coming from, but I also hope that things got better. Peace, love, and prosperity to you, @pcjim16.
i love moon shaped dinos bc they remind me of my favorite parasite, toxoplasma gondii! its so fun learning that they’re related as well (toxoplasma gondii is a kind of plasmodium parasite iirc)
its so interesting learning that seemingly chill algae can evolve into parasites advanced enough to control the brains of their hosts (overriding a rodent’s fear response to the smell of cat pee and um . making them uhhhh. how to put this in a pg way…. they’re attracted to the cat’s urine.)
"my favorite parasite"
Wow... never thought I'd hear that in an actual sentence before...
@@lasercraft32 SORRY LMAO i love to study parasite biology 😔 i promise im normal
Same!
How do you make a video about microscopic aquatic organisms interesting enough for me to watch all the way through?! You've got mad skills, girl!
i could watch a 5 hour video of you explaining a subject in executing detail about whatever you wanted, and still want to hear more from you!
awesome vibes and awesome video! 🖖🏻💖🌻
My favorite would have to be the Cylon ship. I loved this one as a kid. Back then, Cylon ships were all grebelly plates, and time was measured in centons and yahrons. But, I was a nerdy kid who was fascinated by marine biology, so I loved the spiky dinoflagellate for other reasons.
Who would have thunk that seabug taxonomy could be so FUNNY? Hooray for Octpuslady, the funniest marine biologist that I know.
I think that there is not enough recognition of the other (junk) DNA that humans and animals contain in their cells. We mostly hear about our big 23 genes. I feel calling all those extra DNA "junk" are not giving credit where credit is due. Those extras can and have been used by evolution and modern scientists to readapt to environmental or biomic changes so that these adaptations can occur quickly(still many, many years). They are also used to breed more adaptation into plant species.
I want to know more about diatoms. Their old corpses helped me win a war against bed bugs, so I'd like to know more about them.
My favorite shape is the "*scandalous* Moon?!" shaped one: BUT my close runner ups are- "The Lumpy balloon" because I like their name
I thought you said “Dino flatulence” but this video was pretty cool too
Your channel rocks! I love your sense of humor! You're videos are as fun and educational as someone like zefrank or PBS EONS (which I've seen you feature snippets of, and highly appreciate that you credit other creators). New sub for sure!
Sounds like “dino flatulence” hehe
Chromista is a bit outdated as far as the taxonomy goes - if I remember correctly it’s Cavalier-Smith that uses that. More accurately they’re a member of the TSAR group, which is unranked. They ranked taxonomy system has been ditched in the case of eukaryotic microbes - they are far too diverse to be contained in a kingdom
The cylon ship is definitely my favourite
I was wondering why I've never heard of "The Kingdom of Chromista" before, but it's a fairly recent thing, so I probably wouldn't have learned about it unless i went to go study those things specifically.
You can use the term “Clade” to refer to a group of organisms if you aren’t sure if the group is a class, order, phylum, etc. Clade is a general term for all of those!
I like the hug the most, if i was as small as him i wpuld give him a hug
I stumbled across your channel and I am now binging on your content. Keep up the great work; I really enjoy your presentation style. Looking forward to seeing more of your videos!
Same
It’s hard to pick one just from its shape, but I like the “Buomp” for its name, and the “Lumpy Balloon” because it looks glowy, like the crescent moon one, which is also cool looking.
I’m going to have to ask our local expert which variety he grows.
Im so happy to have come across this channel. Its cool to learn about stuff like this I often think the big question of the universe can be answered by just more closely observing our own planet and nature "As above so below"
Honestly, my favorite has got to be the walnut pair. So green, so round, what more could i want??
“HAB-penning”. Okay, I’m dead 💀💀💀 Hilarious!
New favorite channel, your content is incredible!!
11:15 the possibility of that verse referring to a HAB is so fascinating! It reminds me of the thought that the “fiery serpent” mentioned in the Bible is referring to Dracunculus medinensis, aka the Guinea worm. It makes me wonder how many other organisms are described in the text, possibly without the author’s knowledge
Biblical referece isn't the only thing that might reference guinea worms. I think the dominant theory of how we get the medicine symbol of a snake around a staff is actually a guinea worm being pulled out by twig.
Your enthusiasm and passion is so contagious, I could watch you for hours! And probably will-
I love your videos! I'm a new subscriber. You are informative and funny. Thank you for all the research, clarification, and humor. ❤
Taxonomic ranks are largely arbitrary anyway. I mean, "this group contains that group" is objective, but whether two distantly related groups are "equally ranked" is subjective.
And then there's the fact that Aves is a class, but clades now known to INCLUDE it have historically been ranked as low as Infraorder.
Using 2 bits to encode for each of the 4 base pairs, a dynoflagellate has ~61 gigabytes (GB) of DNA, compared to the ~750 megabytes (MB) that the human genome is.
My favourite dinoflagellate form has to be The Pappus. It just looks like a little peacock to me and that's adorable. 🦚
"because... What ever are words?" Is the best way to describe the way we spell and pronounce things (fonetix and stuff).
I've been a viewer since you were in the 100s, it's so nice to see how much your channel has grown. I love your videos and you put so much effort in and it shows ❤.
11:59 my fav dinofaguncnl dinoflaggelate is THE LONG BOI and the yawn
3:44 boy people are certainly confident about taxonomy when clearly these people are just guessing more or less. Educated guesses, sure, but, even I can tell they dont really know.
You can't tell, you're just ignorant and arrogant enough to think complex = wrong.
Just discovered my friendly neighborhood octopus lady and am quickly becoming obsessed!
Love the moon and the spike.
Thank you for helping me understand coral bleaching more (as well as everything else).
Like I know I'm late but I sticked to the very end of the video. And my! That soy sauce saucer is ... ❤❤❤!!!
Dinoflagellates are fascinating, however diatoms are my favorite unicellular eukaryote
Personally I like the piece of candy... the cynical part of me says itd taste like teenage angst and my goth phase where I watched vampire movies nonstop, but the part of me that hopes for nice things says black cherry.
It’s as if the buildup of DNA has become crystalline. We use histones to compact and expose DNA segments to replicate cell types, but it looks like they store their DNA in a matrix instead.
So we know if the DNA buried deeper in the lattes is interpreted at all? Or once buried, it becomes dormant and is just replicated but not actually used again.
Hi. I am a PhD student studying 3D chromosome organization and gene regulation in dinoflagellates. According to my research, genes buried deep in the chromosome interior are expressed, some are even are highly expressed. It is definitely not the case that only sequence on the chromosome periphery is interpreted, as was previously thought. This seems to be true at least for Symbiodiniaceae. Species in this dinoflagellate family have relatively small genomes (1-1.5Gbs, ~90 chromosomes) and so are easier to sequence. I found the location of expressed genes by making 3D chromosome models using chromatin conformation capture data, and mapping RNAseq reads to their corresponding gene locations on these 3D chromosome models. Whether this conclusion generalizes to all dinoflagellates I do not know. It may be possible to perform a similar analysis for some Gymnodiniaceae species; The evolutionary distance between Gymnodiniaceae and Symbiodiniaceae is about ~300million years. I am currently in the process of performing quality control on some Gymnodiniaceae sequencing data. Hopefully the sequencing was deep enough to assemble the sequence of complete chromosomes. In a few months I hope to have a paper published. Wish me luck! Happy to try and answer other questions people may have.
The IUD shaped one top left! And I loved the surprise at the end :). And you are amazing!
Not sure about shape but I'm definitely a fan of the lumpy balloon color scheme!
0:47 when I think of a plankton I think about sunfish. They used to be considered plankton because people thought they cannot really moove against the current or really do much themself.
Those people don't realize the fish would just fry up on the surface if it couldn't move. Sunfish are cool because they absorb energy from the sun and use that energy to keep warm when they descend to near total darkness to feed.
I discovered your channel today 🙌🏾I'm absolutely in love 😭😭🤌🏾
Amazing don’t expect to find an amazing channel like this every day
i don’t think i can decide which dinoflagellate is my favorite, they’re all way too cute
can't believe dinosaur farts have evolved into such a diverse and beautiful branch of life🥲
Pretty sure I meet the criteria for plankton any time I'm swimming in the ocean.
Thanks for the video. You made my memogroups tingle.
Definitely the moon shape or sting ray looking dudes!
I watch this video 2 time and the second time is when I saw the surprise at the end, it was sooooo shocking
the moon shape cause i loves me so moons. titan and phobos and europa and soooo many more i cannot spell
My favorite shape would definitely be the moon 🌙
I thought we were gonna talk about dinosaur farts.
Honestly I cannot choose a single dinoflagellate shape
The piece of candy is obviously the best shape.
I'm sO excited that I found your channel
Not dino-flatulence. Important note.
The god damn moon. Hehe is one that sticks out to me.the most
The long one. I like triangles and that's the most triangular looking to me. The Moon one is also fun. Don't know if you know what Hylics is but kinda reminds me of Wayne.
I imagine dinoflagellates being single soul and the equivalent of the kid that revises for ages compared to the angiosperms 🌱 who are very intelligent by nature and do some exercises to understand the subject matter instead. And they both end up graduating 🎓 over the kids that didn't revise at all.
how is chromista different from protista?
So it has really bad optimised code.
I had no idea these types of organisms existed. I never thought about the taxonomy of life that deep
i thought she said "dino flatulence"
JELLYFISH ARE PLANKTON?!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!
I love this episode, BOOST.
the goddamn moon is the best dinoshape
my favorite is the piece of candy one
Lol. What even are words?
Was that Dino Flatulence?
love the spike. very shaped.
Want a hug is my favourite
I like the G** D*** Moon! Yay
Your videos are scratching my brain in all the right ways
I'm really surprised it took me so long to find this channel. Your jokes are funny, mistakes relatable, and overall sound like a fun person to be around.
Lucky for you I am a taxonomist... but for soils... but I know the basic reasons why single cell organisms are paraphyletc. Horizontal gene transfer...
Thank you for going down the rabbit hole and sharing the information, despite serious WTF moments. You are awesome!
Of the primary food producers, 85% are C3, and then rest are C4, CaM, and chemosynthesis (deep sea thermo-vents, etc. There are single cell creatures that eat sulfur and excrete sulphuric acid. Go figure.)
"Your ignorance amuses me."
~ Lora Croft. (she kicks very high)
And a Fith Element quote?
Darling!
Give me a Demolition Man quote, and you have a follower for the rest of my life! (I mean that in a loyal, non-creepy way.)
And sometimes corals eject one stmbyont and install another. "Too warm for you? Eviction!" And then the coral posts "room for let" notices. "Will provide shelter for food," seems to be on the requirement list.
The wanna hug
Your videos are so good! Seriously, science communication is an underrated talent. Also, my favorite shape would be a moon one, it is super cute.
Always soumds like your saying "Dino Flatulence" dinos gotta fart too 😂😂😂😂
Regarding the whole taxonomic classification....
The Phylogeny Explorer Project could use some help.
What if they have sooo much DNA bc just like plants they just doubled it during apocalypses?
After consuming your 5th video I developed signs of ADHS. ;-)
Nice at first, then exhausting. Please, less is sometimes better. ;-)
Omg, I just read the top 10 comment and I was literally looking and this has 127,000 views and it's 2 years old how is that even possible? this was a great video I just found your channel a couple months ago if that! I love your channel I can't believe it hasn't gone WAY better !!?? your videos are fun and smart!❤❤❤❤❤❤
what is...HABening...
just beautiful! Your creative consultant gets a medal!