The End of the Habitable Zone
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- Опубликовано: 21 сен 2024
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Learn through active problem-solving at Brilliant: brilliant.org/... The Sun is getting brighter and the planets in our solar system that are habitable are changing.
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Horizon Radiation
• Horizon Radiation
The Sun is slowly burning through its fuel. Hydrogen is fused into helium in the Sun’s core, producing energy that keeps it shining, and keeping the Earth warm and hospitable to life. But that fuel WILL run out, after which the Sun will swell into a red giant and flash-fry the Earth. But in fact that frying - well, slow-roasting - will begin much earlier. See, the Sun is getting brighter even now. This has complex, and for the most part terrible implications for life. The end of the world will come sooner than you think.
Hosted and written by Matt O'Dowd
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We live on an eggshell between a giant ball of radioactive gas and a sea of magma about 10 km beneath our feet. What could possibly go wrong?
On continents of shit in oceans of tears where every living thing is either trying to eat you or trying to avoid being eaten by you.
Errant Asteroids. But we have the tech to control these.
Don't forget about the intense cosmic radiation held back by a flipping magnetic field...
More like 3km beneath our feet
🤔
I won't be around in person but most certainly some of my body's atoms would be to experience the inferno.
True
You will be sand
@@k033as9 dust in the wind
You will be on a computer in another star system because this is the 21st century and mind uploading might be possible right now because of moors law
And the eventual nothingness of traversing through space for eons to come
How about we take the earth, and push it somewhere else?
Kyle Roland we die
what if we slightly miscalculate and accidentally crash into Mars :o, both homes gone just like that
Kyle Roland how about we put a giant umbrella shield in front of earth.
Gentlemen, you are not seeing the obvious solution here. We can simply use a few fire extinguishers on the Sun. Just try not to extinguish it completely.
Yes, clearly, let's just try and shoot some fire extinguishers at it, why didn't I think of that?
Easy. Pre-emptive strike on the Sun.
This sounds like a job for the Space Force.
Phil McCracken
That’s the trick! There is no problem that cannot be overcome with the careful application of explosives.
Don't mention this to the cheeto in charge
Stellar Lifting should do the trick. However, that kind of tech is on par of Dyson's Swarms... so not for now.
@@KlavierMenn well, assuming that's humans are still around in a hundred million years, we would probably be a type 2 civilization already.
The Sun needs some democracy - US Space Force 2150
This kind of thing causes an existential crisis for me, even though we're talking about hundreds of millions of years.
It’s weird to think that lifetime of the habitable earth is over 2/3rds finished.
Kind of depressing in a way
Wow! I didn't realize this! We've still got a billion years or so to go, don't we?
" should we all lay down on the floor and put bags over our heads then?" Time build a supercomputer that can answer the infinite question and then tell us is 42 😜
Ikr
Oh we'll kill the Earth long before the universe does
The fun part is watching writers struggling in putting the words "Space Time" at the end of every episode.
Chris Nihilus
Just as fun as other channels trying to shoehorn sponsors Tunnebear and Brilliant into their 75th video.
I'm assuming you mean the Paulers... the reason they are still monetized is most likely because youtube makes a killer profit off of them. That being said though, apparently the guy didn't even monetize the video to begin with so there's that.
The original video no, the apology video was monetized though.
Indeed.
Love both space time and infinite, proud to be patreaon, such a quality content
I've seen Gabe on a few episodes of Infinite Series, good to see him back for a cameo on SpaceTime.
Tyranthin I too like him a lot
Eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee...
...eee.
(That's an arbitrary number of 'e's.)
But yeah, that sounds fun. I don't watch Infinite Series enough. (A chunk of it is over my head in a way that Space-time is not. I think the problem is that I just don't know where to start on that channel.)
I'm a simple woman, I see Gabe I upvote.
I think they are both equally great
The sun is always a hot topic!
Emily Phillips u went there!!!!
You are getting warm...
Eyyyyy 😎👉👉
They say those with a sense of humor are very bright...
Tell that to black dwarfs.
A type 2 civilisation could also use asteroids to push Earth's orbit further from the sun by gravitational assists.
prophetic0311
Probably only theoretically.
It would take billions of asteroids, many planets worth actually . The energy of a star doesn't mean infinite manufacturing speed or raw materials.
@@lordgarion514They can use mercury instead
Damn, Matt, what did Prokaryotes do to you to deserve that sass?
Well, most diseases in humans are caused by prokaryotes.
BrendanBlake42 Yeah i was thinking the same thing. Dick move, Matt!
Just a case of pneumonia. Also tetanus. And diptheria. And an ear infection.
I know, right? 'Cos actually I think it's pretty impressive that anything could be both the last and the first, considering the extreme changes over billions of years...
Earth's not hot
NEVER HOT
PERSPARATION TING
Sun's effect
yo
you dunno
Lynx effect!
The girl told me, "Take off your reflective nano particle atmosphere"
I said, "Babes, Earth's not hot"
We didn't start the fire, but it was always burning since the world was turning.
mum ylcn idk what you said, BUT I LIKE IT!
“Don’t let the door smack you in the flagellum on your way out...”
Nice one
This fails to take account of the planetary recession from the parent star over time caused by:
1. Loss of mass of star due to light emission (weakens gravitational attraction).
2. Loss of mass of star due to stellar wind & sporadic mass ejections (weakens gravitational attraction).
[I don't list loss of mass of star due to conversion of stellar mass into energy because that is automatically included in 1 & 2 above.]
3. Outward displacement of planet due to combined effects of light pressure (small) and stellar wind pressure (NOT small). Stellar wind effect is much larger than commonly believed if the planet has a magnetic field. Earth's effective cross section to the Solar wind is much larger than one could calculate from the mere diameter of the planet. The magnetosphere is some ten times the diameter of the Earth, meaning that the cross sectional area is on hundred times the naive expectation.
It happens to be OUR good fortune that the Earthly recession roughly compensates for the brightening of the Sun. This compensation has been a key factor in Earth's climatic stability over the past 4.5 billion years.
@Ged Woods that doesn't happen with sun like stars.
U have to be like 5 times more massive for that
@Ged Woods even if the sun were capable of collapse into a singularity we would remain in our obit. the mass would remain the same it would just get cold.
I,ll take your word for it could we meet here again in 100 million years to see how things have progressed i,ll buy the beers
@@abhiprakash74999 Nonsense. Sun loses mass, so Earth's orbit expands.
Sun emits charged particles which impact Earth's magnetic field, so that Earth recedes.
Guys, it's simple. Just sleep during the day. The Sun won't mess with us then!
William Munoz indeed
You dump
awesome video!
Anyone else catch the "Arakis" comment? I literally just finished reading "Dune" yesterday and the moment he said desert planet I started to think of the sand worms, then BAM! He drops the sandworm picture like a bomb :)
TREEfool i caught it. Dune was a huge inspiration to a lot of modern sci-fis and thus its not surprising that it was refranced. An example of a sci-fi that dosent even hide but proudly shows that it was inspired by dune is warhammer 40k.
I played the Dune 2000 RTS game a lot when I was 8. Good times.
I loved Dune. I really wish Frank had finished the series.
Dune is the tops. Keep reading FH's books. God Emperor of Dune is amazing.
It annoys me when people pick up on a very commonplace cultural reference that everyone else knows about, but they think they're incredibly clever and well-read because they recognized something they assume is incredibly arcane and almost no one else knows about even though it's super-mainstream. Durrrr, did anyone else notice the PAC MAN on his shirt, about to eat the planets? To all you people out there, Pac Man was a video game from 1980. Durrrr!
omg it's Gabe
"Some men just want to see the world burn."
After watching this I wrote a program to calculate how to accelerate our Earths velocity to increase at the rate of the suns expansion. Using a rocky asteroid no bigger than 3.2 miles cubed and with solar sails attached to it to keep it locked in a gravitationally attractive orbit with earth we can slowly pull the earth away from the sun over millions of years for very little effort. Best part is... We have the technology to pull this off right now.
I think i would want a Quantum computer and/or AI just to make sure my calculations are correct and to map everything in the universe... it should be possible to map every moving thing and there speeds in our solar system maybe even more maybe everything in our Galaxy eventually...
Please random fuckers an RUclips save life
Yep I was thinking about this too.
Captain Rando to the rescue!!!
or u can cover whole earth with mirrors which will be a better solution
but this will not work as oceans are reflecting a lot of sunlight and the effect is negligible
Something I've once seen in a book, is that as the core gets compressed, some of the area outside of it actualy starts fusion as well, making the core act as a layered object as inner layers do the next step of the fusion ladder. It probably won't happened with the Sun, since it only has a few steps, or at least not before the red giant phase.
If humans are around that long then they may find a way to change the orbit of the earth to remain in the outwardly expanding habitable zone, perhaps by altering trajectories of large far-out extra-solar objects in order to pass them through our solar system in the exact right way to disturb our orbit and accomplish the "move".
@Sheep Gaming my vertebrae wouldnt like the gravity there.
Holy Shit! Glad to know Gabe's alive and all in one piece, I remember those good old days. At least Matt's been taking good care of us over the years.
The Goldilocks zone is the one place in the solar system capable of supporting the existence of at least three bears
Gabe got me hooked, Matt kept me around. Great to see Gabe be involved in one form or another.
Thanks! A sad destiny but well explained...😀
And... oh my god... it's Gabe! What a pleasure!
Ciao a tutti!
9:25 Have you heard about star lifting?
Let me guess... Isaac Arthur?
I only heard of shop lifting.
Do you even (star) lift?
The amount of charisma these two have is unreal. They somehow made this video about the death of all things wholesome. Infinite Series, here I come!
Look on the bright side.
Most of the people reading this will return to their minerals and chemicals in less than a century.
So what happens in 500 million years is inconsequential.
Start funding Kerbal space program
You should do an episode on how we could possibly prolong the life of the earth, and/or save humanity
The moral of this video, as i see it, is as follows:
That person you like? invite them out!
That project you've been procrastinating? do it NAOW!
(dons my programming hat)
P.S. love the solar pacman shirt, and also the dune reference.
Why not movinng the whole planet or just starlifting!?
But with the sun constantly losing its mass (and thus gravity) via photons, won't the earth's orbit increase in size, effectively moving the planet outward? The radiation pressure from the sun would also increase as it expands. Won't these two mechanisms combined push the earth away from harm? The surface of the sun would also cool as it expands. So I get the feeling that the situation won't be as bleak as we expect.
The mass loss is and push is neglectible. Otherwise, stable orbits would be completly impossible on the long term. As for the surface cooling, well, you now have about twice as much photons with ~15% less energy going at you since you have more surface area to shoot photons from. (disclaimer: numbers are approximated and are not actualy calculated)
Earth moves away from the Sun at a rate of approximately 1.5 centimeters per year, if I recall correctly. This means that in one billion years, it will be some 12.000 kilometers further away (which is about twice its radius). Negligible compared to the current average of 1AU (140.000.000 kms) and the dramatic change in the habitable zone which will occur by then.
Mass and energy are interchangable to a degree. By radiating energy, it loses SOME mass. A little, but some.
Brian Daniel zero mass is not the same as not being able to affect mass its how solar sails work using light to push stellar craft in space
Technically, the total mass of the fusion products is lower than the initial mass.
“Earth becomes Arrakis.”
My Fremen decedents will be grateful for all the times I re-read Dune.
The chillest presenter on RUclips. Talks about QFT like he's sharing his recipe for pot brownies with a fellow stoner. Keep it up!
You guys are both amazing. Thank you for being true scientists (always questioning and fact-driven) and enthusiastic educators ❤!
Always gets that spacetime at the end ;)
Sometimes the way the music plays makes you nervous that he will just end the current sentence on that word... (specially when you want him to talk a lot more about the subject).
-> Even if you know how long the videos is, you can never predict how much he will had to say about previous episodes or extra PBS stuff at the end.
That's my favorite part... of spacetime.
Can't the plants just
*adapt*
Not if the warmth ratio spins out of sync; if temperature and CO2-depletion correlate well enough, most plantlife seems to be able to adapt. However, sooner or later this will no longer be the case, and that will be their undoing.
*overcome*
>reflective metaparticles
This is literally a plot element of the Matrix and it did not end well for the humans.
Have you ever considered doing a longer video, like a full-time episode on something? I do understand that this is your current format, but perhaps there is a possibility for a longer video, tackling a more compound or more popular subject, that would benefit from 30 minutes or more of material? Of course I understand that you probably already have a specific and particular schedule of episodes yet to come, but maybe.... just maybe PBS producers might consider a longer material with more content? I always watch all of PBS Space Time episodes and just wish I could watch you for longer at a time (without the need to wait another week or two for the subsequent 10-12 minutes of an episode). Just a thought :)
Hear, hear! Maybe PBS will give Matt O'Dowd the helm of NOVA Science Now! Even when he gets really deep in the weeds on some physics principle here*, he still has loads more charisma than... that Pogue. (ugh)
* Seriously, Mr. O'Dowd. On RUclips, we can stop the video in order to look up some obscure term you just used. On a TV format, that's not so easy.
Gaaaaaays~ !
Didn't they say that they are going to make some videos about something like quantum gravity or String Theory?
Personally, I would like to see video on theoretical tachyons
It'll be coming, I think they alternate between their main series videos and secondary sort of.. random videos.
Yep. There's likely several factors involved in why they alternate but I'd take a stab at the following:
1. Trying to keep it from being too heavy all the time. It's still a casual channel and they want to make sure they have content that supports the whole viewer base
2. Trying to get these complex topics into digestible videos without using analogies is going to need a lot more work on the scripts than easy topics like today's
3. It's also going to need a lot more work thinking about and creating visuals that best convey the topic
The habitable zone isn't ending. It's relocating.
So we'll tell the kids (our distant descendants) that we moved to the suburbs.
Then ending
Just build a Dyson Sphere and live on a space structure. Don't live on planets anymore and planets can be our holiday destinations 😊😊😎😎🏖🏖🌌🌌
Jacinda Lacroix hell yeah 😀
You need to be World President.
Just build a Dyson Sphere...more easy to say than to make.
so you're pretty and smart? Well unfortunately its not that simple tuts
yeah we will get right on that should have it done over a weekend just not sure where we will get 10 planets worth of steel.
I think it's a bit bold to assume all life is doomed. As they said in Jurassic Park, "Life finds a way."
Did you guys pay attention to his t-shirt? It's perfectly suited to the video and perhaps tell us the presentator like video games.
Did anyone else notice that desert Earth was actually just Europa with the continents layered over it?
7:43 Several OCEAN'S WORTH OF WATER TRAPPED IN THE MANTLE?!?!?! Wow I did not know that.
Woooow dune reference!
Please, put that tshirt on the website for sale! I've searched for it, following the link below and it wasn't listed. Also, thank for your positive influence, consistency and knowledge. Keep up the awesome work!
The level of knowledge we have accumulated is amazing.
Holy shit, it's Gabe
We just need for figure out how to access the Domain.
Hi, when talking about the thermal bath seen by an observer that uniformly accelerates, or that emitted by a black hole, massive and massless particles get treated in the exact same way: the relevant quantum states get Boltzmann distributed -- at temperature T the probability of finding the system in a state with energy E is proportional to exp(-E/kT). (The actual probabilities are given by a Fermi-Dirac distribution for fermions and a Bose-Einstein one for bosons).
Anyway, point being, a massless particle can be present at arbitrarily low energies, so the Boltzmann factor above can be very close to 1. Not so for massive particles: for example, the probability of finding an electron in the Hawking radiation will always be proportional to a factor smaller than exp(-m_electron/kT). For a typical stellar mass black hole with a Hawking temperature of the order of ~100 nK, this factor will be smaller than exp(-10^17). Yes, the 10^17 is in the exponent. This is zero for all conceivable purposes, so Hawking radiation for such a black hole does not contain any electrons or positrons.
As the black hole evaporates, its temperature should increase, and when it's light enough (about 1/10^17th of the Sun's mass), the Boltzmann factor will be small enough to start producing electrons and other massive particles.
You mention "available energy", by which I think you mean that no particle heavier than the black hole itself should be produced. Well, the Hawking calculation is based on the approximation that the black hole is much heavier than everything else around it. That said, very close to the end of the black hole's life, you might imagine that the temperature will be so enormous that _other black holes_ might be produced. At this point you can be very sure that just about any calculation we currently have is unreliable. Quantum gravity is needed :)
In the case of Unruh radiation, there's an added subtlety: a physical observer with finite energy can never accelerate forever. The usual Unruh radiation calculation assumes such a perpetual acceleration, as you did in this presentation when you attributed the effect to the presence of the horizon. In fact, an observer that accelerates for only a finite amount of time does not see a horizon at all!
The calculation of Unruh radiation for such a realistic observer probably exists, but I don't know about it. I do know some related calculations for the production of electron-positron pairs in the presence of strong electric fields, which is a related problem. There, what happens is what you would expect: if the field is turned on for only a finite amount of time, there's a hard cutoff on the momentum of the particles that can be produced, imposed by conservation of energy. See figs 5 and 6 here: arXiv:1510.05451. Based on this, my expectation is that the spectrum of particles seen by a realistic accelerated observer deviates from a thermal distribution and includes similar cutoffs, which seems to agree with your suspicions.
“Don’t let the door smack you on your flagellum on the way out,” is not a sentence I thought I’d be hearing today, even from Matt 😂
"Eventually, there will be one last perfect day on Earth" - Carl Sagan
By time the sun becomes a red giant I'd hope we would have the technology to alter the orbits of the planets. :)
Michael Kreitzer unfortunately we'll not be here to see all of this happening
We are not far off having the technology to reduce the sun's mass sufficiently to extend its lifetime by billions of years already via a process called "star lifting". If humanity achieves a sufficiently technologically advanced state at some point in the future and has a considerably larger energy budget to work with, it's conceivable that we might be able to mix fresh hydrogen into the sun's atmosphere to keep it burning at just the rate we like it virtually indefinitely. Check out this video about the topic (it's legit, no woo, I promise): ruclips.net/video/pzuHxL5FD5U/видео.html
Without looking into the link you provided, I would counter that the sun being ~ 1M times larger than earth, that it would be nigh impossible to "feed" it, unless there's some immense source of hydrogen I'm unaware of.
Watched it, I stand corrected --> Jupiter.
NFleck - The source of hydrogen proposed extends to the entire galaxy and beyond. Modifying the sun so that it burns for a period of time measured in trillions of years would be a task that would require a very advanced space-faring civilization.
And no, Jupiter is one of many proposed sources of hydrogen for a hydrogen fusion powered human solar-system spanning civilization, not a source of hydrogen for the sun.
You forgot about star lifting, which we can use to manipulate the composition and lifetime of our star.
Someone will mess it up and create a black hole. We couldn't get Apollo missions to work well the first time..
Me: *already filled with existential dread*
"The end of the world will come sooner than you think."
Me: *existential dread intensifies*
Ty Mosley
See how useful existential dread can be?
This should be called "Science with Tyrion Lannister"...This guy not only looks like him but looks like he took the same acting class.
Ugh i cant stop. I just keep binging these
We've a;ready seen what will happen to Earth in a billion years. Venus.
All evidence suggests Venus's atmosphere used to be very similar to Earths 2 billion years ago. What about our magnetic field you might say? Wouldn't it protect us, you might say? Not if a runaway greenhouse effect starts. Why you might ask? Well without a string magnetic field, Venus lost mostly of its water vapor and methane gas to space from the solar wind. Earth's magnetic field would trap those gases in the upper atmosphere...and both are dozens of times more potent greenhouse gases than CO2...meaning Earth would end up even HOTTER than Venus, to the point that the entire surface would become a literal ocean of lava.
That Dune reference though
Arda Tekoğlu is it worth a read?
Berserker for sure, completely different world. That book will make your imagination run. There is always intrigues and action through books.Aand of course desert.Dune world is mostly made of immense deserts. Probably this Serie among the bests in sci-fi (At least for me).
IMHO the best sci-fi books ever. I mean Asimov, Clarke, Bradbury are all great. But Frank Herbert writes about politics, ecology and religion. Three most boring subjects ever and he makes them totally awesome. Also excellent on "technical" aspects of writing, always multiple plots unraveling at the same time connected to each other on the larger scale, complex society structure that makes sense.
Did i mention its my favourite series of books? :D
It was nice to see the reference as well, accompanied by a picture of my ancestors/progeny :D
Where can i get a shirt like that?
Feel free to visit the site and purchase one! Get your own Space Time tshirt at bit.ly/1QlzoBi Thanks for the support!
not that one, the 'game over' one, where to buy one like that?
No, I think he means a shirt that changes its appearance at random intervals!
No, the pacman sun one, i want it!
yeah the pacman one!
1. Solar shade reflective to infrared between earth and sun (so less heat but the same amount of visible light gets through)
2. Slowly move earth away from the Sun with a gravitational tractor
3. Star lifting (lifting matter, esp heavier elements) from a star, decreasing mass and brightness, and increasing lifespan.
Seeing as we are talking about hundreds of millions of years, stopping the sun from expanding would be totally within our grasp, assuming we make it that far. Star lifting with a dedicated Dyson swarm would allow us to remove the heavier elements, and then if we were really dedicated, we could even replenish the hydrogen in the sun. Both massive undertakings, but again, on the given time scale, anything but impossible.
Pleasure seeing Gabe again on Spacetime but damn I don't remember him being so short. Was he standing in a hole?
NEW SPACE TIME
What is the meaning of Life? Life is a LIFO.
JiveDadson - did you mean LIFO?
@Ferdinand - Well, yeah. Fixed it.
I had no idea a stack was so philosophically significant
What is the feasibility of slowly moving the earths orbit outward as the habitable zone moves outward. The earth is massive, but we have a few million years. How about placing some reflective surfaces so the earth is between them and the sun, but the sun still shines on them and applies a constant outward pressure. Then the earth would be pushed away by the reflective objects gravity. Basically make Earth a little more reflective so it is pushed out by the solar wind.
Planets have what I like to call "relative habitable zones". These depend mostly on how effective the planets' Greenhouse Effect is. The greater the Greenhouse Effect, the farther out from the sun the Habitable Zone for that particular planet is. For Venus, you'd have to put that planet within the Main Asteroid Belt in order for it to be in its "relative habitable zone".
What about Star Lifting? This way we wont need to terraform Mars and make Earth adaptable to the rising temperature!
If we lift material from the sun, and feed huge Matter Synthetizers (To make Hydrogen into other things ) have a dyson Swarm to power it and such, We'd hold out till the end of time. Heck, we can turn the sun into a spaceship and go about the universe!
How wide is the habitable zone? where is earth in this (in the middle, nearest to the star or on the outer edge)? when earth is outside the habitable zone where will the next nearest plant be in the habitable zone? Does the habitable zone size depend one the size of the star?
Hmm, I don't know the exact figures; but the inner part is about ~0.95 AU, and the outer part is about ~1.7 AU, roughly speaking. However, it's not a hard line, so it's a bit closer/further to the Sun, depending on your Albedo, cloud cover, atmospheric pressure, atmospheric composition, etc. Being in the HZ doesn't guarantee habitability, it just makes it more favorable.
Earth is close to the inner edge at 1 AU.
Mars will be in the habitable zone as the Sun get's brighter (It's on the outer 'conservative' edge, which means special conditions like I said earlier can allow it to be Earthlike), and when the Sun is a red giant; Jupiter, and I think Saturn will be in the HZ. Europa, Enceladus, and Titan may be more favorable to life than they are already.
Yes. For M type stars, they're very close, planets take between a few days, to a couple months to orbit depending on the size. Planets around K types will take several months, to almost a year or so in the HZ. Planets around G types (Like our Sun), will take almost a year, to a couple years in the HZ. Planets around F types will take over a year, to several years. And for A, O, and B, it's years, or even decades in the HZ, but they don't live long enough for life to develop anyway.
Hope this helped :)
Well, yeah habitable zone is basically where you'd find liquid water. So, the distance from the sun where the average temperature is 273.15K is the outermost part of the habitable zone and where the temperature is 373.15 K marks the innermost place of the habitable zone. That is the reason why in the video he says habitable zone will expand as sun gets hotter. Makes sense right?
I'm pretty sure both Venus and Mars are inside the habitable zone, but just being in the habitable zone doesn't automatically make you habitable. Your atmosphere can actually make more of a difference then your distance to the sun. And yes, the habitable zone very much depends on the star.
Faint Young Sun is my Chinese name. ☺
Kareemuhsumyungi is mine
This is a problem that time can mitigate easily. If we are on the cusp of being able to terraform Mars, they can right now create rain forests in deserts, I'm sure by the time any of these potentialities happen, we will have advanced enough technologically to keep our species going...
Assuming we don't wipe ourselves out prior to then...
I propose using gravitational tugging to drag Mercury and Venus out to Mars' orbit and collide the three, to form a single, larger world about half again the mass of the Earth, with a substantial iron core, plenty of mass to retain an atmosphere, and hopefully a robust magnetic field to protect it from the solar wind.
Nice idea, we don't have that kind of tech yet. The planet would need an iron core
There are millions of years left. Technology at that time will seem like magic to us. Who knows, maybe we can just take the earth and put it into orbit around a different star.
Hmm...
Bright side Huh?
Do a debunk video on the "Electric Universe." It's basically the universe analog of the "flat earth"
Nah, much as I'd like to see debunks, they don't do debunks, apart from the EM drive. The EM drive made itself sound scientific, so they had to debunk it.
I would love them to debunk this
Hey, I'm chillin' on Electric Avenue, so wait until I leave before debunking the Electric Universe. ;)
This is a depressing video to watch …
How long could we increase Earth lifespan with things like solar shades?
That game over t-shirt is so totally fitting for this video.
when you were presenting earth's past, why was there no pangea?.That's not a good information.
Because it hadn't formed yet.
Because it honestly doesn’t matter, it was just a very simple model to illustrate a very basic point, and it’s likely the program used to create said model only had a “standard” looking earth with in it.
David Wührer you managed to be dumber than the original commenter. Congrats.
because it's irrelevant in this context
*Radical Socialist Democracy*
What makes you an expert in dumbness?
Pangaea existed between 300 and 150 million years ago.
@9:50 What about the potential of "star lifting" to prevent the sun from absorbing the inner solar system? Is this realistically possible or solely science fiction?
Isaac Arthur seems to have different plans for our solar system a billion years from now.
Why not just move the Earth to a higher orbit? *tips hat at Isaac Arthur*
I think you haven't been watching Arthur's videos long enough... by the time we would get to needing to move earth we will have no reason to do so for several reasons:
1. earth would have been dismantled to produce dyson swarm.
2. sun will be a red dwarf due to billion years of star-lifting.
3. Dyson swarm will be so dense by that point that earth will have to literally buy sunlight.
KohuGaly there is a law in D.C in which buildings are not allowed to have a certain a certain height just so that people could have the same view one of the founding fathers had. If you think that humans would still be around, and that they'd be willing to tear apart their own home world, or home star, especially with the abundance of both materials and other stars where ever you look, then you are delusional.
It is the middle of summer, so I already feel like the sun is frying the earth.
Gabe's hand motions when he talks is exactly like Tom Haverford in Parks and Rec
OK, it's time get drunk after hearing this. I hope I don't do calculus because I don't want to drink and derive at the same time.
OK, thanks.
ErwinSchrodinger64 im getting drunk rn actually lol
only 600 million years left!!!, maybe thats one of the solutions to the fermi paradox, not enough time to develop space faring life most of the time for most planets before they exit the goldilocks zone
Huh? If you consider that civilization has only existed for about 6,000 to 7,000 years at the most, 600 million years is practically an eternity!
bitсh shut the tf up
antred11 However life took like 4 billion years to create a species capable of a civilisation though. And we are only barely space faring now. eamonn definitely has a legitimate point
This may not be the case for planets orbiting Red Dwarf Stars, which live far long than the suspected 10 Billion years for the Sun. Most Dim Red Dwarf Stars are expected to live from 100 Billion to 1 Trillion years. Which is more than enough time.
@@yakarotsennin3115 Planets around red dwarves are also noticeably less habitable than Earth, even within their habitable zones, as they are nigh-invariably tidally locked. Furthermore, the dimmer light of red dwarves may significantly reduce the efficacy of photosynthesis.
Orange Dwarves are pretty good, though.
So, if we build a Dyson sphere, it will be just a waste of time and resources...Right???
A Dyson swarm would still work.
Jayson Wills thanks man
No, because we would have the energy output at our disposal for as long as the sphere - or swarm, as the more likely scenario - is in operation. With that energy we'll be able to engineer a way to save our planet from its fiery doom.
Which is why we should still stick to Dyson vacuums
There are proposed methods to extract material and fuel from the Sun itself. The Sun outmasses the rest of the solar system put together. It has not only hydrogen and helium, but also other atoms. A K2 civilization may be able to harvest every material it needs from the Sun itself, prolonging the lifetime of the star in the process.
Love the Shirt!!!
That is a real downer to listen to on this nice morning. Lol.
Will our tech will be advanced so that we can escape this catastrophy??
Good luck future
Gokul Dinesh well humanity is long extinct by then or has even the power to tinker with the sun itself (for more information look up Isaac Arthur and for example his video to starlifting) and doesn't necessarily depend on this solar system anymore
Give NASA the military's budget for one year and we'd be on Mars in 2 years.
Give NASA social security's budget and be there in 1 year.
Throw in Medicare and we could do in 6 months.
That's how that works, right Troy?
Why is it so hard to say "we are not quite sure", instead of calling it a paradox?
2Bit Phuck Because of the two things we are sure about contradicting.
Gabe looks old wtf happened
It's been mentioned, but why don't you move the earth? Take a fairly large asteroid and have it do close orbits between earth and one of the gas giants. The asteroid would use a slingshot effect to "steal" some of Neptune's ( for example ) orbital energy and use a reverse slingshot to give that orbital energy back to earth. Yes, it would only move the earth a little at a time but there are several 100 million years to do it in. We are only 100 years or less from being able to fairly cheaply.
In several million years, we probably would have the ability to move the earth a tad bit into the new habitable zone (but not too much for it to collide with Mars) .
Unless the religious maniacs and the woke brigade put the kibosh on the education system.
Twinkle, twinkle little star. How I wonder what you are. Triple-alpha process or, CNO cycle contingent on star. Twinkle, twinkle little star. Now I know just what you are.
All Of This Has Happened Before And Will Happen Again
Anjayl
It's a 20 billion year cycle.. No matter what we do to our plant, our great×150 grandkids will be just fine.
I meant 150×
your comment means that there were humans before.
@@livingsoul1234567 if a big bang creates a universe and the big bang is caused by what was pulled into a black hole, then that suggests an entire existence that's similar yet different to what we're currently in. The beginning of our timeline was the end of another's. Everything in that existence was broken down and reused into the creation of our own.. no telling how many times this universe has existed this way (not yet!). Not this same exact format, but all of the particles have existed, just in a different arrangement... People talk a lot about life "out there" somewhere, but I never hear about life "back there".. before our existence's time.
I thought this video was going to be about the fact that tidal flexing and radiative cores and how the habitable zone is now known to not be the only place that life is deemed possible (a la Europa, Io, etc.). So I was a bit disappointed when this video only focused on the aging of our Sun, rather than the search for extraterrestrial life.
This is why there is so much interest in colonizing Mars and the outer planet's moons, which will eventually become more habitable as the sun ages and the habitable zone moves farther out into the outer solar system beyond Earth.
If we were able to build an atmosphere for mars wouldnt the greenhouse effect caused by the c02 heat up the planet? Would it be enough to make it habitable? (albeit cold)