@flightTime123... No, the levels are so low that it's not an issue. These are exempt quantity sources meaning the levels are so low, they are below regulatory control.
@shiahnn Most of what we're seeing here in the US is Iodine-131. It will emit both beta and gamma radiation and it has a relatively short half life of about 8 days. I think it's important to point out that I-131 can be detected in extremely low levels and I've not seen any reports of levels high enough here in the US to warrant concern. Thanks for watching.
The reason the lead didnt fully stop the gamma is because gamma can create ionizing radiation when moving through material with ionic bonds; the plexiglass should absorb the resultant beta produced in the lead.
Well, if you blast a nucleus with anouther particle, such as an alpha particle, you can invoke nuclear transmutation. In this case, the isotope can gain a proton or two and a neutron or two. Typically, you end up with +2 proton and +1 neutron. The result will quickly beta+ decay, changing one of those protons into a neutron. The results are various gammas and x-rays. In this case, bombarding a stable isotope is just as easy. Also, the gamma energies will be different. I have done this in mylab
Not likely. I own those same sources. They are basically harmless. Think of it like alcohol: A glass won't hurt you, but several a night every night, or a massive drinking fest can.
...cont In actuality, what you suggest is done for some isotopes. Some waste can actually be "burned" up in reactors, converting it from one form to another. For example, a breeder reactor can turn waste U238 into Pu239. This is done, but it is extremely complex. It takes me days to prepare to transmute a few thousand atoms from isotope A to isotope B. Still, it is lots of fun! :)
Labs = $. I work full time as a computer scientist and analyst and blow all of my free money on science instead of TV's, jet skies, etc. Right now I am saving for a Ludlum 12 + 44-2 scintillator. Science is a rough lover. She needs all of your time and money!
I really do not think you will get much. The electro-weak force is not the force to mess with if you wish to effect momentum or mass. Careful with that sort of juice if you have any amps behind it.
@Koomo0069 Some instruments have an internal GM detector in addition to an external detector. The Ludlum Model 14C, for example, has an internal detector that is automatically activated on the X1000 scale. Others have a switch that allows you to change from an external detector (usually a contamination probe attached with a coaxial cable) to an internal detector that measures radiation exposure rate.
@ProjectsBlack No way to do that. Wish there was a way to speed up the decay output and thereby shorten the half-life. That would certainly solve the issue of finding a place to store radioactive waste for long periods of time.
Most isotopes are not fisslie (which means they readily accept a neutron, become unstable, and break apart). Few are fissionable, which means the same as fissile, but requires lots of energy used to force this. In theory, what you say could be done, but the energy required would be great, the actual conversion would be low (leaving plenty of the original isotope), and you could make the material even more radioactive. cont...
He's not holding radiation. He is holding radioactive materials which emit radiation. It's like holding a light bulb and not the light. I do it all of the time. Nothing to worry about. :)
No. Gamma rays are the result of decays and you cannot change the rate of decay or the likelihood of a gamma ray. You can convert beta and alpha decays into x-rays by shielding them with dense material. As the beta and alpha slow down, they loose momentum. Momentum is energy and thus the change energy. energy must go someplace, so it is converted to x-rays. :)
These sources are very low activity and do not pose a hazard if handled in this manner. Yes, gamma exposure can cause cancer but it take a dose much larger than you can receive from a small source like the one shown here. There have not been any radiation-induced cancers observed in human beings at doses less than about 10 rem.
Where can I get that tiny little machine? I want to check the radiation on the food I and my family are eating. Cuz Ive got this feeling that most of the food we buy in these foreign shops in our country are really fucked up.
If, by spin, you mean the intrinsic angular momentum of particles, that is not actually a "spin", like a rotation, but a property the little suckers have which is rotation-like. Angular momentum of objects does not affect the spin of their fundamental particles. Additionally, before the BB, there is no concept of a universe. Rotation requires at least two dimensions (think of cross products). Otherwise, who is to say a single dot is not spinning? You need a radius. :)
Tommy Guo Good question. I know that someone else commented it's most likely encased as to not make contact with bare skin, but the problem is exactly what he is demonstrating....that ionizing radiation of gamma rays can penetrate through just about anything except lead. With that being said, the detector is going off and his hands are around the source. The strength of it would be what matters.
Not really in this case. It depends on the activity of the isotope and the energies of the emitted particles. These are "sealed sources", meaning the isotope(s) are encased or electrodeposited (usually in epoxy), so that the radioactive material can't escape, but the radiation can. The activity of these sources in becquerels/curies (a becquerel is a decay/second) for Polonium-210: 138 days: 0.1 µCi (3.7 kBq). Strontium-90: 28.8 years: 0.1 µCi (3.7 kBq). Cobalt-60: 5.27 years: 1 µCi (37 kBq). They're NRC exempt, and available to the public.
KarbineKyle many thanks for your explanation. Just one question regarding Bq/h. Is there an instrument or equivalation table to measure activity in Bq/h instead of Usv/h? How are Bq/h calculated? Thanks in advance for your comments
Sorry. I didn't see this comment until now. Sometimes, yes. Different detectors have different sensitivities, but they can also have efficiencies for different radionuclides (some built-in, like the Inspector USB or Ranger Geiger-Müller counters). You have to know what the sensitivity is. Then, what radionuclide you want to measure. You have to know the type(s) of radiation emitted, the energy-to-response curve, since different radionuclides emit different energies at different intensities. If you know the specific activity of the source, this makes it even easier, but you have to calculate how many counts there are per decay, and the efficiency at which it's detected. This also must me done at a fixed distance, and using 2π geometry, like a pancake type detector. It's more effective if you use multiple spectrometers, like alpha, liquid beta spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray spectroscopy, and even neutron spectroscopy or fission counting in some cases. It depends on the half-life, age, type of radiation emitted, energies, branching intensity %, geometry, absorbers, half-value for absorbers, etc. This can be useful for multiple radiation emitters. And you have to subtract background radiation and shield the source from interference. It's complicated, and that's why most Geiger-Müller counters don't have DPM or Bq, however with the right techniques and math, a good estimate can be found.
@AtomicTRG Well, the fight over the risks of ultra-low, low, and somewhat low level radiation go on and on. lol Personally, though there isn't enough data to prove, conclusivly, either way, I feel that there is always some rick associated with any given level of exposure. Now, that being said, I think the risk from a 2,000 CPM depression glass plate (not eating from it) is nearly zero. Your sources, perhaps a tiny tiny bit. That is my opinion.
i see the video is kinda old but i have a tricky question i see plumb can stop gamma radiation but, can i divert or stop it using magnets and a thinner layer of plumb??
+Mauricio Guiza Plumb (lead) is certainly effective at attenuating or stopping the gamma rays (depending on their strength). A thin layer would work to shield some of the gamma rays but may not stop them completely. Magnets will not affect gamma rays but will have an effect on alpha and beta particles.
I just want to know is there machine or tools which clearly identifies alpha beta or gamma rays activites beneath ground of about 10 to 15 feets. Pls share your knowledge.
Rajesh H. Nothing would be able to detect alpha or beta 10 to 15 feet below the surface. Both types of radiation are too easily shielded. If you took a soil sample, you could then analyze that sample for alpha and beta activity. Gamma rays can travel through 10 to 15 feet of soil however you would have to have a very large activity source to produce a reading though that much shielding. Hope this helps.
Can you tell me please what did you use or from what is made the beta source radiation? And from where can I buy or achieve it?is it expensive?..i really need your answer ...thank you very much for your presentation...
Robert Adam it is a Sr-90 source. You can buy them from a number of vendors. I get them from a company called spectrum techniques www.spectrumtechniques.com/products/sources/strontium-90/ They are not overly expensive. I think less than $100.00
@@_TRG_208 Gamma is not that much ionising then how does GM TUBE shows reading there ? I mean there will be no electric pulse generated if there is no ionisation, right ? Correct me if um wrong but clear my confusions please
Gamma is not that much ionising then how do the GM tube shows the reading as GM tube works when ionising particles/gases produces electric pulses. Um struggling here a bit
You are correct that gamma is not very ionizing when compared to alpha and beta radiation. Specific Ionization is the term used to define the number of ion pairs produced per unit track length. Gamma's specific ionization is much lower than that of alpha and beta. This detector will "see" the gamma rays because there are a lot of them passing through the detector and some of them do cause ionization. This detector is much more efficient at detecting alpha and beta but it will still detect gammas too. Hope this helps.
I would not say there are outdated. I have a bunch of the Ludlum model 26-1units. They have the same detector but a digital interface. I don’t mind the analog meters.
@antiprotons Well, if you have any of those risky plates you can send them to me. It is fun to watch all the debate on both sides of the LNT argument. Thanks for the discussion.
@Sonac Nice one!!! That got be laughing for 10 mins straight!!! I bet he has an IQ of 0!!! LOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOL LOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOL
beckyikechannel - The beta source I used is Sr-90. You can buy small exempt quantity sources like the ones I used in that video without any type of licensing. A good supplier is Spectrum Techniques. www.spectrumtechniques.com/products/sources/disk-source-sets/
@AtomicTRG Well, they are not "perfectly safe", but they are mostly safe. All radiation exposure, every ultra low level, carries some risk. The risk from your low level sources is mostly stochastic, if at all, and would not manifest for (perhaps) 2-20 years from exposure. Realistically, smoking a single pack of cigarettes would probably be more likely to give you cancer than holding a low intensity source for a short time. I use a 3 foot gripper tool for my sources. =) Nice video.
@antiprotons Oh come on Tom, you're a smart guy... you really think the LNT model goes down that low?. You're not a believer in hormesis? I don't believe that there is a stochastic risk from a source this small (activity-wise). Thanks for your comments!
I am looking for someone to do testing on a product that I believe will protect electronic devices from Gama Rays. Can you recommend a laboratory that would not break the bank to do some simple demonstrative testing? Thanks.
Yato Yukine it will only burn you if you touch or handle a very radioactive source (like you may have seen on the Chernobyl movie). These are very low activity and perfectly safe to handle.
I know wat each little thing was e.g alpha beta and gamma but wat do u call the actual thing your holding coz your not holding a particle in your hand 😆 but wat is the actual rock or little coin looking thing you were holding called ?
+Zxenmusic Yes, in a sense...since an atom is made up of mostly empty space, the gamma ray can usually escape the atom's electron cloud without interacting with an orbital electron. Sometimes, a gamma ray does not escape the atom and it interacts with one of the orbital electrons, causing it to be ejected from the atom. This is referred to as "internal conversion." If the gamma does escape the atom's electron cloud, it will then travel through space until it encounters another atom's orbital electron or nucleus. This is why dense materials, such as lead, are so effective as gamma shields... because the lead atom's nucleus is so large and it has 82 orbital electrons, it is harder for the gamma ray to pass through without interacting.
Zxenmusic when it does interact, it can cause ionization (as described). Removing an electron from an atom can change the way that atom behaves (electrons are responsible for the chemical properties of an atom). This can cause molecules to dissociate and can cause the formation of free radicals. This ability for radiation to cause ionization is what can make it harmful. It is also what allows us to easily detect radiation.
Not with these. These are exempt quantities. Anyone can buy these sources. For example, the Cobalt-60 source he used (new) is 1 μCi or 37 kBq in specific activity. Sources used in industrial radiography and nuclear medicine can be in the kCi or TBq in specific activity, or more, being many millions of times more active. 1 gram of Radium-226 = 1 Ci or 37 GBq. The amount of Radium-226 in an old luminous wristwatch is usually 1 μCi (give or take), hence only about 1 microgram (give or take). It can vary, but it's also energy or energies emitted from a specific isotope. Every isotope gives off vastly different energies, being unique and with various branching ratios per decay event. For example, Cobalt-60 is about 99.98% gamma emission for 1173 keV and 1334 keV when it beta minus decays (318 keV) to stable Nickel-60. Hydrogen-3 (Tritium) also decays by beta minus (18.6 keV) to stable Helium-3 too, but emits no gamma. The beta radiation from it is so weak that it can be used and owned by anyone in mCi to Ci in specific activity, because the beta radiation can't even penetrate a thin piece of plastic. Some self-luminous "exit" signs contain several vials of these, about 1.8 Ci or 66.6 GBq each per vial. However, if it were instead Radium-226 or Cobalt-60 with that same specific activity, then it would be dangerous. Alpha isn't used much or in high activities in most devices, either. Some alpha emitters give of gamma rays, like Radium-226 and Americium-241, but Plutonium-239 and Polonium-210 give off very little gamma, making it relatively safe to handle externally, however it's very dangerous if you get the actual alpha emitter inside of you if there were an accident, and say, dust, was inhaled. Inhalation is far worse than ingestion. But, it also depends on its chemistry too. And generally speaking, the shorter the half-life, the more radioactive it is.
Magnets will work too. I've done it with beta sources, neodymium magnets, and Geiger counters. This will work with alpha particles too, however, alpha is relatively massive and more positively charged, so they are influenced easier by a magnet, but they don't travel far, and they lose a lot of their energy the farther they've traveled (except in a vacuum), so it is more difficult to do that with a Geiger counter. This won't work with neutrons or photons, since they have a charge of 0.
@@_TRG_208 Thanks. What about for the gamma radiation? Which source did you use? Also, do these pancake GM tubes distinguish different type of radiation (like does it appear on the device?) or can we identify whether it is an alpha, beta or gamma radiation through the different level of sound?
Yoonseo Choi Conalt-60 for the gamma. This instrument will not allow you to differentiate between alpha, beta, and gamma. The only way you could do it would be to place shielding (e.g., paper or plastic) to see if it shields out some of the radiation.
Mother and daughter duets Sr-90 is a great source and what I’m using here. Anyone can buy a small Sr-90 check source like the one I’m using. Another option would be antique orange fiesta ware dishes. They used uranium in the glaze and they are great beta emitters, but they also emit alpha and gamma.
Sr-90 is what I'm using here. Vintage orange fiestaware plates contain uranium in the glaze and are easy-to-find beta emitters. You can usually find them in an antique store.
actually alpha can be more dangerous. Alpha has a pretty large mass and when the hit your Dna can do a lot of damage. I heard an analogy that it is like and elephant running full speed into a a forrest. It doesn't go far before it hits the forest but it does a lot of damage. Beta particles are really light. That would be like putting a packing foam turd in an air gun and shooting someone with it. You have to be real close before it loses energy.
+Tanveer Ansari Many instruments have a Cs-137 check source on the side of them that emits gamma radiation. This can be used to function check the instrument before use. The Ludlum Model 3 instrument I'm using in this video can be ordered with a check source attached to the side. It's usually placed in a little source holder as seen here ludlums.com/component/virtuemart/check-source-holder-mechanical-235-detail
Adnan Khateeb the alpha is polonium-210, the beta is strontium-90, and the gamma is cesium-137. It’s just a little speck of each material (isotope) encased in a little plastic chip.
AtomicTRG Awesome. So, it says there's this radioactive source passing through a hole in a lead screen and into a magnetic field, and a counter is placed in different positions: A, B, and C. A shows a count rate of 32 counts/min, B shows 542 counts/min, and C shows 396 counts/min. How do we deduce what types of radiation they are from the count rate?
And thank god that is not a strong cobalt-60 source otherwise you would be in a hospital dying from radiation sickness rather than making this video and you also might raise the possibility of cancer sometime down the road.
+jeff kfihd Yes, there is no escaping gamma rays... they come from space (cosmic radiation) and from the earth (terrestrial radiation) and even from sources inside our own bodies (potassium-40). This all makes up the background radiation that Jonathan Taylor is referring to.
Just realised I should have been more clear on that last comment of mine. It depends on what you mean by "hit" because gamma rays can just pass through us. I'm not entirely sure how much passes through us compared to how much is attenuated and interacts with our bodies. If you're any good at maths then this stuff is fairly easy to calculate (NIST have good tables of attenuation coefficients that you can use).
I'm just sitting here wondering why he's handling it with his bare hands and then talks about how direct contact is what causes harm, even with the low penetration sources lol. Maybe it's the rad tech in me that's making me nervous even if you're safe haha.
And people say there isnt any concerns to be raised that Apollo series actually landed on the Lunar surface we all know space is filled with literally all the types of radiation.... Hint Hint
am i the only one who got a strange feeling of OCD when he touched the gamma emitter?
@flightTime123... No, the levels are so low that it's not an issue. These are exempt quantity sources meaning the levels are so low, they are below regulatory control.
@shiahnn Most of what we're seeing here in the US is Iodine-131. It will emit both beta and gamma radiation and it has a relatively short half life of about 8 days. I think it's important to point out that I-131 can be detected in extremely low levels and I've not seen any reports of levels high enough here in the US to warrant concern. Thanks for watching.
Thanks for this excellent video. I am sharing it with my students at SFSU in lieu of classroom demonstrations that I cannot now do.
yo 2020 sucks
The reason the lead didnt fully stop the gamma is because gamma can create ionizing radiation when moving through material with ionic bonds; the plexiglass should absorb the resultant beta produced in the lead.
Well, if you blast a nucleus with anouther particle, such as an alpha particle, you can invoke nuclear transmutation. In this case, the isotope can gain a proton or two and a neutron or two. Typically, you end up with +2 proton and +1 neutron. The result will quickly beta+ decay, changing one of those protons into a neutron. The results are various gammas and x-rays. In this case, bombarding a stable isotope is just as easy. Also, the gamma energies will be different. I have done this in mylab
Not likely. I own those same sources. They are basically harmless. Think of it like alcohol: A glass won't hurt you, but several a night every night, or a massive drinking fest can.
Very nice demonstration
...cont
In actuality, what you suggest is done for some isotopes. Some waste can actually be "burned" up in reactors, converting it from one form to another. For example, a breeder reactor can turn waste U238 into Pu239. This is done, but it is extremely complex.
It takes me days to prepare to transmute a few thousand atoms from isotope A to isotope B. Still, it is lots of fun! :)
Labs = $. I work full time as a computer scientist and analyst and blow all of my free money on science instead of TV's, jet skies, etc. Right now I am saving for a Ludlum 12 + 44-2 scintillator. Science is a rough lover. She needs all of your time and money!
Thank you for a great video, from my students
Excellent and informative video Tom!
I really do not think you will get much. The electro-weak force is not the force to mess with if you wish to effect momentum or mass. Careful with that sort of juice if you have any amps behind it.
The internet is sweet. Thank u sir
@Koomo0069 Some instruments have an internal GM detector in addition to an external detector. The Ludlum Model 14C, for example, has an internal detector that is automatically activated on the X1000 scale. Others have a switch that allows you to change from an external detector (usually a contamination probe attached with a coaxial cable) to an internal detector that measures radiation exposure rate.
@sxcHideki not a problem holding these sources in your hand. The activity is so low that they are perfectly safe.
@ProjectsBlack No way to do that. Wish there was a way to speed up the decay output and thereby shorten the half-life. That would certainly solve the issue of finding a place to store radioactive waste for long periods of time.
Most isotopes are not fisslie (which means they readily accept a neutron, become unstable, and break apart). Few are fissionable, which means the same as fissile, but requires lots of energy used to force this. In theory, what you say could be done, but the energy required would be great, the actual conversion would be low (leaving plenty of the original isotope), and you could make the material even more radioactive.
cont...
Thank you, very good explanation :)
He's not holding radiation. He is holding radioactive materials which emit radiation. It's like holding a light bulb and not the light.
I do it all of the time. Nothing to worry about. :)
No. Gamma rays are the result of decays and you cannot change the rate of decay or the likelihood of a gamma ray. You can convert beta and alpha decays into x-rays by shielding them with dense material. As the beta and alpha slow down, they loose momentum. Momentum is energy and thus the change energy. energy must go someplace, so it is converted to x-rays. :)
Isn't physical contact with gamma-rays hazardous? I thought gamma rays were the most powerful radioactive ways and therefore caused cancer?
These sources are very low activity and do not pose a hazard if handled in this manner. Yes, gamma exposure can cause cancer but it take a dose much larger than you can receive from a small source like the one shown here. There have not been any radiation-induced cancers observed in human beings at doses less than about 10 rem.
that was an awesome video man. I learned a lot
Where can I get that tiny little machine? I want to check the radiation on the food I and my family are eating. Cuz Ive got this feeling that most of the food we buy in these foreign shops in our country are really fucked up.
If, by spin, you mean the intrinsic angular momentum of particles, that is not actually a "spin", like a rotation, but a property the little suckers have which is rotation-like. Angular momentum of objects does not affect the spin of their fundamental particles.
Additionally, before the BB, there is no concept of a universe. Rotation requires at least two dimensions (think of cross products). Otherwise, who is to say a single dot is not spinning? You need a radius.
:)
And Still people think that spacesuit an a 1mm alluminium tick camera could protect astronaut life and the kodak film from turning black
Will that be dangerous, using bare hand to touch radiation emitters?
most likely its encased as to not make contact with bare skin
Tommy Guo Good question. I know that someone else commented it's most likely encased as to not make contact with bare skin, but the problem is exactly what he is demonstrating....that ionizing radiation of gamma rays can penetrate through just about anything except lead. With that being said, the detector is going off and his hands are around the source. The strength of it would be what matters.
Not really in this case. It depends on the activity of the isotope and the energies of the emitted particles. These are "sealed sources", meaning the isotope(s) are encased or electrodeposited (usually in epoxy), so that the radioactive material can't escape, but the radiation can. The activity of these sources in becquerels/curies (a becquerel is a decay/second) for Polonium-210: 138 days: 0.1 µCi (3.7 kBq). Strontium-90: 28.8 years: 0.1 µCi (3.7 kBq). Cobalt-60: 5.27 years: 1 µCi (37 kBq). They're NRC exempt, and available to the public.
KarbineKyle many thanks for your explanation. Just one question regarding Bq/h.
Is there an instrument or equivalation table to measure activity in Bq/h instead of Usv/h?
How are Bq/h calculated?
Thanks in advance for your comments
Sorry. I didn't see this comment until now. Sometimes, yes. Different detectors have different sensitivities, but they can also have efficiencies for different radionuclides (some built-in, like the Inspector USB or Ranger Geiger-Müller counters). You have to know what the sensitivity is. Then, what radionuclide you want to measure. You have to know the type(s) of radiation emitted, the energy-to-response curve, since different radionuclides emit different energies at different intensities. If you know the specific activity of the source, this makes it even easier, but you have to calculate how many counts there are per decay, and the efficiency at which it's detected. This also must me done at a fixed distance, and using 2π geometry, like a pancake type detector. It's more effective if you use multiple spectrometers, like alpha, liquid beta spectroscopy, X-ray and gamma ray spectroscopy, and even neutron spectroscopy or fission counting in some cases. It depends on the half-life, age, type of radiation emitted, energies, branching intensity %, geometry, absorbers, half-value for absorbers, etc. This can be useful for multiple radiation emitters. And you have to subtract background radiation and shield the source from interference. It's complicated, and that's why most Geiger-Müller counters don't have DPM or Bq, however with the right techniques and math, a good estimate can be found.
Excellent explanation!
I cringed a little when you put your hand in front of the Co-60 source. 🤣
(I know, I know, you'll be fine 😊)
May I ask why you didn’t take protective precautions? Is there a specific reason?
because it isnt enough to damage us? you can accumulate up to 2.4 mSv or 24 mRem a year, without biological effects and that's the bare minimum.
@AtomicTRG Well, the fight over the risks of ultra-low, low, and somewhat low level radiation go on and on. lol
Personally, though there isn't enough data to prove, conclusivly, either way, I feel that there is always some rick associated with any given level of exposure. Now, that being said, I think the risk from a 2,000 CPM depression glass plate (not eating from it) is nearly zero. Your sources, perhaps a tiny tiny bit.
That is my opinion.
Radiation is a pain to stop. It tears through your body day in and day out and has does so since the birth of the universe.
What's the total thickness of the lead? I'm converting a Peli case 1120 to store a thorium glass Super Takumar lens. Cheers!
i see the video is kinda old but i have a tricky question i see plumb can stop gamma radiation but, can i divert or stop it using magnets and a thinner layer of plumb??
+Mauricio Guiza Plumb (lead) is certainly effective at attenuating or stopping the gamma rays (depending on their strength). A thin layer would work to shield some of the gamma rays but may not stop them completely. Magnets will not affect gamma rays but will have an effect on alpha and beta particles.
thanks man
really awesome video, it explained a lot... thanks!!
Girls like physics?
What is the highest frequency that is the end of the spectrum? Omega Rays?
what type of metal was in your hand which was producing radiation ? please name the all. later on I will ask you so many questions.
thanks for giving your acknowledge sir can you give some advice latest testing
Which small substance you used which produced the three rays
This is underrated
I just want to know is there machine or tools which clearly identifies alpha beta or gamma rays activites beneath ground of about 10 to 15 feets. Pls share your knowledge.
Rajesh H. Nothing would be able to detect alpha or beta 10 to 15 feet below the surface. Both types of radiation are too easily shielded. If you took a soil sample, you could then analyze that sample for alpha and beta activity. Gamma rays can travel through 10 to 15 feet of soil however you would have to have a very large activity source to produce a reading though that much shielding. Hope this helps.
Can you tell me please what did you use or from what is made the beta source radiation? And from where can I buy or achieve it?is it expensive?..i really need your answer ...thank you very much for your presentation...
Robert Adam it is a Sr-90 source. You can buy them from a number of vendors. I get them from a company called spectrum techniques www.spectrumtechniques.com/products/sources/strontium-90/
They are not overly expensive. I think less than $100.00
@@_TRG_208 Gamma is not that much ionising then how does GM TUBE shows reading there ? I mean there will be no electric pulse generated if there is no ionisation, right ? Correct me if um wrong but clear my confusions please
What are those substances emitting alpha and beta
Is it okay your hands when u close with gamma radiation?
why is it difficult to detect gamma rays?
Gamma is not that much ionising then how do the GM tube shows the reading as GM tube works when ionising particles/gases produces electric pulses. Um struggling here a bit
You are correct that gamma is not very ionizing when compared to alpha and beta radiation. Specific Ionization is the term used to define the number of ion pairs produced per unit track length. Gamma's specific ionization is much lower than that of alpha and beta. This detector will "see" the gamma rays because there are a lot of them passing through the detector and some of them do cause ionization. This detector is much more efficient at detecting alpha and beta but it will still detect gammas too. Hope this helps.
@@_TRG_208 thanks a lot ❤❤❤
You are right Dr. Kripke...
po-tay-toe, po-tah-toe. Alpha, beta, and gamma are examples of ionizing radiation and are also considered nuclear radiation.
Alright, so a hollow cube with 6 foot thick walls made of lead should stop most everything?
That would certainly stop a lot
Which dosometer I would need to check the radiation around my house, by store or inside of store or house?
Thank you!
Most likely you will need a radon detector and not a Geiger Müller like this one.
L3's are classic, but a little outdated. You get this after upgrading to new radiacs at whatever facility you're at?
I would not say there are outdated. I have a bunch of the Ludlum model 26-1units. They have the same detector but a digital interface. I don’t mind the analog meters.
@antiprotons Well, if you have any of those risky plates you can send them to me. It is fun to watch all the debate on both sides of the LNT argument. Thanks for the discussion.
What model Geiger counter are you using
Thanks this really helps for my chemistry test tomorrow
@Sonac Nice one!!! That got be laughing for 10 mins straight!!! I bet he has an IQ of 0!!! LOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOL LOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOLOLOLOLLOLOLOLOL
Were did you get the sources of beta and gamma radiation. (what substances are they and how did you get them)
beckyikechannel - The beta source I used is Sr-90. You can buy small exempt quantity sources like the ones I used in that video without any type of licensing. A good supplier is Spectrum Techniques. www.spectrumtechniques.com/products/sources/disk-source-sets/
alpha ratherford nuclei and what is beta particle? neutron Chadwick gamma ray particle extremely intensive electrons
I don't understand your question
Sir I want to know how to create alpha beta and gamma in copper coin
@AtomicTRG Well, they are not "perfectly safe", but they are mostly safe. All radiation exposure, every ultra low level, carries some risk. The risk from your low level sources is mostly stochastic, if at all, and would not manifest for (perhaps) 2-20 years from exposure. Realistically, smoking a single pack of cigarettes would probably be more likely to give you cancer than holding a low intensity source for a short time. I use a 3 foot gripper tool for my sources. =) Nice video.
@antiprotons Oh come on Tom, you're a smart guy... you really think the LNT model goes down that low?. You're not a believer in hormesis? I don't believe that there is a stochastic risk from a source this small (activity-wise). Thanks for your comments!
Great demonstration! I love studying radioactivity!
Polonium-210 (α, 138 d, 3.7 kBq)?
Strontium-90/Yttrium-90 (β-, 28.8 y, 64 h, 3.7 kBq)?
Cobalt-60 (β- & γ, 5.27 y, 37 kBq)?
I am looking for someone to do testing on a product that I believe will protect electronic devices from Gama Rays. Can you recommend a laboratory that would not break the bank to do some simple demonstrative testing? Thanks.
+Tammy Jones I may be able to help. Are you looking to do high dose or high dose rate testing? What levels are you interested in testing to?
i dont know why you touched the beta and gamma, anytime your hand will burn but not why?
Yato Yukine it will only burn you if you touch or handle a very radioactive source (like you may have seen on the Chernobyl movie). These are very low activity and perfectly safe to handle.
i want that geiger counter
He's gotta get close to the microphone too
I would like to buy a Geiger Counter which can detect alpha particles. Can anyone help me to choose one at a reasonable price ?
crm 100 or rad alert about $250-300 can detect alpha,beta,gamma and x ray. you van find them used for cheaper
I know wat each little thing was e.g alpha beta and gamma but wat do u call the actual thing your holding coz your not holding a particle in your hand 😆 but wat is the actual rock or little coin looking thing you were holding called ?
It's called a check source or disc source. These are exempt quantity sources that anyone can purchase.
Thanks but were can u buy them from arnt they radioactive
Do these waves go through the cracks in the atoms of these materials?
+Zxenmusic Yes, in a sense...since an atom is made up of mostly empty space, the gamma ray can usually escape the atom's electron cloud without interacting with an orbital electron. Sometimes, a gamma ray does not escape the atom and it interacts with one of the orbital electrons, causing it to be ejected from the atom. This is referred to as "internal conversion." If the gamma does escape the atom's electron cloud, it will then travel through space until it encounters another atom's orbital electron or nucleus. This is why dense materials, such as lead, are so effective as gamma shields... because the lead atom's nucleus is so large and it has 82 orbital electrons, it is harder for the gamma ray to pass through without interacting.
+AtomicTRG What happens when it interacts?
+Zxenmusic If it interacts with an orbital electron, it can cause that electron to be ejected from the atom... referred to as ionization.
Zxenmusic, yes. Atoms are mostly empty space so it's possible for a gamma or X-rays to pass through an atom without interacting.
Zxenmusic when it does interact, it can cause ionization (as described). Removing an electron from an atom can change the way that atom behaves (electrons are responsible for the chemical properties of an atom). This can cause molecules to dissociate and can cause the formation of free radicals. This ability for radiation to cause ionization is what can make it harmful. It is also what allows us to easily detect radiation.
shouldn't you be wearing protective gear for this?
Not with these. These are exempt quantities. Anyone can buy these sources. For example, the Cobalt-60 source he used (new) is 1 μCi or 37 kBq in specific activity. Sources used in industrial radiography and nuclear medicine can be in the kCi or TBq in specific activity, or more, being many millions of times more active. 1 gram of Radium-226 = 1 Ci or 37 GBq. The amount of Radium-226 in an old luminous wristwatch is usually 1 μCi (give or take), hence only about 1 microgram (give or take). It can vary, but it's also energy or energies emitted from a specific isotope. Every isotope gives off vastly different energies, being unique and with various branching ratios per decay event. For example, Cobalt-60 is about 99.98% gamma emission for 1173 keV and 1334 keV when it beta minus decays (318 keV) to stable Nickel-60. Hydrogen-3 (Tritium) also decays by beta minus (18.6 keV) to stable Helium-3 too, but emits no gamma. The beta radiation from it is so weak that it can be used and owned by anyone in mCi to Ci in specific activity, because the beta radiation can't even penetrate a thin piece of plastic. Some self-luminous "exit" signs contain several vials of these, about 1.8 Ci or 66.6 GBq each per vial. However, if it were instead Radium-226 or Cobalt-60 with that same specific activity, then it would be dangerous. Alpha isn't used much or in high activities in most devices, either. Some alpha emitters give of gamma rays, like Radium-226 and Americium-241, but Plutonium-239 and Polonium-210 give off very little gamma, making it relatively safe to handle externally, however it's very dangerous if you get the actual alpha emitter inside of you if there were an accident, and say, dust, was inhaled. Inhalation is far worse than ingestion. But, it also depends on its chemistry too. And generally speaking, the shorter the half-life, the more radioactive it is.
Yes, he should, if he cared about his long term health. But most "scientists" and "science" buffs don't think that far ahead. Instant gratification.
@@tmillchr driving a car is way more dangerous than having these in your pocket for years
Well, x rays and some ultra violet are ionizing radiation. You should have said nuclear radiation instead.
Why is he doing this with no protection
Distance and shielding, hmmm.
can beta radioactive element attract with positive charged thing ??
Yes, a negatively charged beta particle would be attracted toward a positive charge.
Magnets will work too. I've done it with beta sources, neodymium magnets, and Geiger counters. This will work with alpha particles too, however, alpha is relatively massive and more positively charged, so they are influenced easier by a magnet, but they don't travel far, and they lose a lot of their energy the farther they've traveled (except in a vacuum), so it is more difficult to do that with a Geiger counter. This won't work with neutrons or photons, since they have a charge of 0.
Hey so having gamma radiation blasting through your fingers is fine now?
It’s probably fine
too right mate and thankyou for the help on this video
using this in our Ph213 class right now
Thanks l, this helps for my chem test Tom
Earnest Rutherford would be proud.
What did you use for the beta and gamma source?
Sr-90 for the beta, Co-60 for gamma, and Po-210 for alpha.
@@_TRG_208 Thanks. What about for the gamma radiation? Which source did you use?
Also, do these pancake GM tubes distinguish different type of radiation (like does it appear on the device?) or can we identify whether it is an alpha, beta or gamma radiation through the different level of sound?
Yoonseo Choi Conalt-60 for the gamma. This instrument will not allow you to differentiate between alpha, beta, and gamma. The only way you could do it would be to place shielding (e.g., paper or plastic) to see if it shields out some of the radiation.
@@_TRG_208 Cool, so all the other geiger counters/geiger tubes do not differentiate radiation as they use the same method to detect radiation?
@@_TRG_208 Also, do you connect the pancake GM tube to a power supply or does it work by itself?
what can I use as a beta particle emitter?
Mother and daughter duets Sr-90 is a great source and what I’m using here. Anyone can buy a small Sr-90 check source like the one I’m using. Another option would be antique orange fiesta ware dishes. They used uranium in the glaze and they are great beta emitters, but they also emit alpha and gamma.
Sr-90 is what I'm using here. Vintage orange fiestaware plates contain uranium in the glaze and are easy-to-find beta emitters. You can usually find them in an antique store.
actually alpha can be more dangerous. Alpha has a pretty large mass and when the hit your Dna can do a lot of damage. I heard an analogy that it is like and elephant running full speed into a a forrest. It doesn't go far before it hits the forest but it does a lot of damage. Beta particles are really light. That would be like putting a packing foam turd in an air gun and shooting someone with it. You have to be real close before it loses energy.
you would need to ingest it in order for it to be bad, like you said.
I want a sensor that emits gamma rays.from where can i get it???
You want something that emits gamma rays or detects them?
yes.right.That emtis gamma rays and also detect them.some kind of sensors
yes.right.That emtis gamma rays and also detect them.some kind of sensors
+Tanveer Ansari Many instruments have a Cs-137 check source on the side of them that emits gamma radiation. This can be used to function check the instrument before use. The Ludlum Model 3 instrument I'm using in this video can be ordered with a check source attached to the side. It's usually placed in a little source holder as seen here ludlums.com/component/virtuemart/check-source-holder-mechanical-235-detail
hey,thanks for info.1 more favour.I need small device that detects gamma.
The small round thing that u have used in your video.something like that.
Very useful. Thank you
What is this bro
Which chip u use for alpha bta amd gma.
Adnan Khateeb the alpha is polonium-210, the beta is strontium-90, and the gamma is cesium-137. It’s just a little speck of each material (isotope) encased in a little plastic chip.
Which one of them would give the highest count rate?
Grimzy it really depends on the activity of the source. These are microcurie level sources so the count rate is not great.
AtomicTRG Hmmmm... interesting. Would you mind helping me with a bit of homework I've got? It's just one question.
Grimzy sure
AtomicTRG Awesome. So, it says there's this radioactive source passing through a hole in a lead screen and into a magnetic field, and a counter is placed in different positions: A, B, and C. A shows a count rate of 32 counts/min, B shows 542 counts/min, and C shows 396 counts/min. How do we deduce what types of radiation they are from the count rate?
A and C both deviated - in opposite directions - and B didn't deviate.
Well done! I like it.
hi i have a Int - Ext switch. what is that and what dose it do?
You probably have a Model 3-97. There is a switch that switches from an internal scintillator to an external probe.
Where can I rent one of these??
And thank god that is not a strong cobalt-60 source otherwise you would be in a hospital dying from radiation sickness rather than making this video and you also might raise the possibility of cancer sometime down the road.
Nice clear video thanks
can gamma rays hit us on ground level ?
jeff kfihd Yes, that's what the background radiation is.
+jeff kfihd Yes, there is no escaping gamma rays... they come from space (cosmic radiation) and from the earth (terrestrial radiation) and even from sources inside our own bodies (potassium-40). This all makes up the background radiation that Jonathan Taylor is referring to.
Just realised I should have been more clear on that last comment of mine. It depends on what you mean by "hit" because gamma rays can just pass through us. I'm not entirely sure how much passes through us compared to how much is attenuated and interacts with our bodies. If you're any good at maths then this stuff is fairly easy to calculate (NIST have good tables of attenuation coefficients that you can use).
I'm just sitting here wondering why he's handling it with his bare hands and then talks about how direct contact is what causes harm, even with the low penetration sources lol. Maybe it's the rad tech in me that's making me nervous even if you're safe haha.
@@LenNeko1998 if you’re a rad tech, you should know that a 1 uCi Cs-137 and a 0.1 uCi Sr-90 source are not a problem to pick up like this.
Who else have to watch this Video for his oder her Scientic teacher for school in quarantine?
It's only really the beta and gamma he might not want to hold. lol yeah, he probably should have worn something, but it's his body.
is it legal to sell them?
Russian Peterson Petrovich yes
@@_TRG_208 thanks ! how much for this device? USD?
walk around the fish isle of walmart with a geiger counter and see what happens..
And people say there isnt any concerns to be raised that Apollo series actually landed on the Lunar surface we all know space is filled with literally all the types of radiation.... Hint Hint
WHY ARE YOU HOLDING RADIATION?!?!
Jean Paul owns Jeans
do you not care you are exposing yourself to it??
Welcome to the universe :)
Dear sir,
I have a doubt sir, can radioactive materials fuse 2.4 volt bulb