what is Frequency and what is Power factor in tamil explaination | Halfboil engineers |

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  • Опубликовано: 24 мар 2021
  • #frequency#powerfactor
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    What is frequency :
    Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency, which emphasizes the contrast to spatial frequency and angular frequency. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz) which is equal to one event per second. The period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency. For example: if a newborn baby's heart beats at a frequency of 120 times a minute (2 hertz), its period, T-the time interval between beats-is half a second (60 seconds divided by 120 beats). Frequency is an important parameter used in science and engineering to specify the rate of oscillatory and vibratory phenomena, such as mechanical vibrations, audio signals (sound), radio waves, and light.
    what is Power Factor :
    Power factor is an expression of energy efficiency. It is usually expressed as a percentage-and the lower the percentage, the less efficient power usage is.
    Power factor (PF) is the ratio of working power, measured in kilowatts (kW), to apparent power, measured in kilovolt amperes (kVA). Apparent power, also known as demand, is the measure of the amount of power used to run machinery and equipment during a certain period. It is found by multiplying (kVA = V x A). The result is expressed as kVA units.
    PF expresses the ratio of true power used in a circuit to the apparent power delivered to the circuit. A 96% power factor demonstrates more efficiency than a 75% power factor. PF below 95% is considered inefficient in many regions.
    How to make sense of power factor
    Beer is active power (kW)-the useful power, or the liquid beer, is the energy that is doing work. This is the part you want.
    Foam is reactive power (kVAR)-the foam is wasted power or lost power. It's the energy being produced that isn't doing any work, such as the production of heat or vibration.
    The mug is apparent power (kVA)-the mug is the demand power, or the power being delivered by the utility.
    If a circuit were 100% efficient, demand would be equal to the power available. When demand is greater than the power available, a strain is placed on the utility system. Many utilities add a demand charge to the bills of large customers to offset differences between supply and demand (where supply is lower than demand). For most utilities, demand is calculated based on the average load placed within 15 to 30 minutes. If demand requirements are irregular, the utility must have more reserve capacity available than if load requirements remain constant.
    Peak demand is when demand is at its highest. The challenge for utilities is delivering power to handle every customer's peaks. Using power at the very moment it is in highest demand can disrupt overall supply unless there are enough reserves. Therefore, utilities bill for peak demand. For some larger customers, utilities might even take the largest peak and apply it across the full billing period.
    Utilities apply surcharges to companies with a lower power factor. The costs of lower efficiency can be steep-akin to driving a gas-guzzling car. The lower the power factor, the less efficient the circuit, and the higher the overall operating cost. The higher the operating cost, the higher the likelihood that utilities will penalize a customer for overutilization. In most ac circuits there is never power factor equal to one because there is always some impedance (interference) on the power lines.
    How to calculate power factor
    To calculate power factor, you need a power quality analyzer or power analyzer that measures both working power (kW) and apparent power (kVA), and to calculate the ratio of kW/kVA.
    The power factor formula can be expressed in other ways:
    PF = (True power)/(Apparent power)
    OR
    PF = W/VA
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