Brief History Of Africa Before Colonialism -- How did we get there?
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- Опубликовано: 13 сен 2024
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Africa was riding high before colonialism, so how did the history of Africa take such a dramatic turn from the wealthy empires of Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai to the Atlantic slave trade and the colonial era? Key events in history of Africa before colonialism help to explain the rise and fall of the continent.
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Table of Contents:
01:01 - Intro
03:11 - Egypt and World Trade
03:44 - Greece and Rome in North Africa
05:38 - Islamic Expansion
06:28 - West Africa's Rise: Ghana Mali & Songhai
09:15 - West Africa's Demise
13:32 - Question of the Day
I alway was interested in learning early African history before European colonialism. Very helpful and entertaining video on the subject
Thank you for watching!
In my opinion, I do think the downfall of Africa could have been avoided. The Wagadu empire( Also called the Ghana empire) had much contact with the islam world, but never converted themselves which history foretold. So what if, in an alternate timeline, the Ghana empire sent diplomats to the swahili coast which had direct contact and trade with Asia! The swahili were excellent ship makers, which would benefit the Ghana empire immensely. Soon enough, the Ghana empire would create their own ships to travel to Asia, have more connections with the rest of southern and eastern Africa, and that way they wouldn't have to depend on the saharan trade routes! Now with an easier way to get to Asia, west Africa would develop way more faster before the Europeans would even arrive in the 15th century!
Huh? You re-writing history, DeSantis?
Why didn't the Athenians just blend into the Spartans of Greece? Why didn't the Etruscans just allow Rome to join their pre-existing civilization? Islam didn't show up to make black Africa better, had the islamists and later Arabs been allowed to domas they wished, West Africa would be another Spain
That was the GREATEST 14mins 12seconds of RUclips that I've had in a while! Thanks for sharing!
Africa will rise again believe that
Excellent lecture, I love how he interweaves the history of different parts of the world, something I missed in my history lessons. It’s all connected, we are all connected.
Thanks for watching! Just recorded another lesson. Should be up next week.
I’m a history nerd myself and learned some stuff. Excellent work here!
Thank you for watching! I have a new video coming out tomorrow afternoon, I hope you find it interesting.
I love your analysis. Great focus on the importance of that trans-saharan/“silk road” nexus in rise/fall of empires.
Also fantastic analysis of the formation of the slave trade. This lesson you give here should be far more widely known
Agreed!
My man did it again! I find your works incredibly informative. Thanks!
I love how you are able to give information on how everything in human history is interwoven. You gave an understanding of how what happens in one part of the world affects another. Wonderful and understanding teaching, thanks.
Thank you so much! More content is coming up...
i concur. great teaching
Seconded!
Man I thought I knew some history but you just blew my mind. Thank you. Subscribed.
Thanks for watching!
An amazing lecture! Very truly, history is far from being a straight line of parallel but distinct swimming lanes. Rather, it's a web of interconnected and interdependent socio-economic and cultural ecosystems. With highly recursive patterns, as Giambattista Vico said.
Such a powerful tool for interpreting the disruptive events that are taking place around us in these strange but exciting days. Knowing history can also allow us to peer over the fog that blurs our immediate future...
Thank you so much for watching! I appreciate your comments!
Wow, It would take me a long time to come up with questions that you answered by this great lesson!
Thank you Darius for your time and knowledge. Wish I had more teachers like you. Learned more than the article before coming here. You gave full context as to what was going on around the world. Sad there is a decimal behind the 2 in number of views. Thanks again.
Thanks so much for watching, and for your comment! It's all good. I'd love more views, but I'm honored that the views in getting are largely from educational institutions. I really think this curriculum should bev freely available to everyone. The fact that they're using it and it's also out for the general public is really the position I want to be in. It means people are getting for free what other folks are paying thousands of dollars for.
Great video. But not mentioned is the impact of technology on cultures and their continuing advancements.. The Europeans had refined ancient war & exploration technologies and that gave them a competitive advantage. Africa's stagnation in the technological arena was a MAJOR contribution to its decline imo.
Yes, technology.. Nothing he mentioned could have happened without shipping and navigation technologies that sidestepped the sahara trade routes.
The ignorance is embarrassing. Before commenting get an education
@@grendahramjee9643 Yes, your ignorance is astounding and I wholeheartedly agree, you could benefit from an education. If you'd like I could recommend some great resources on 16th & 17th century war and naval technology. The Europeans quite literally outgunned the Africans, that's not up for debate.
@@Erica-ls7bp well I recommend you read it and educate yourself you need it. Probably never even heard of many wars won by Africans with spears and shields. But then again being non African you probably have never been educated by diluted history.
@@grendahramjee9643 The fact that Africa was colonized for 100 years...Africans may have won some battles but ultimately lost their wars to technology. Just as the Japanese lost to America due to atomic bombs, technology won. This isn't a disparaging comment, it's just a fact to learn and grow from. And yet instead of learning that lesson, African leaders continue to fail to make science and technology a priority. A mistake the Asians took to heart and look at their societies now,, more technological advanced than those that once subjugated them. That should infuriate you not arguing with me.
This was phenomenal. Thanks so much for sharing this valuable information.
Thank you so much for watching!
Had to watch again immediately after the first watch. This video and the information in it is golden. Thank you
Thank You for this video. My son and I are (re-reading) Dr Chinua Achibe: Things fall apart. Your video really helps with putting the books environment the context
I just finished the video . Thank you for your channel. You've answered so SO SOOOO many questions ..even b4 I asked them (some I didnt know J needed to ask). Lol
Pls be cautious to know things fall apart is not real Igbo history & culture, its genre is “historical fiction”.
Thanks
@memestar6404
Generally, we are already aware of this fact!
But, Thank you for your generosity in sharing this insight (indeed, there may be some who were confused by the genre?)
Terrific video! You did an exceptional job of describing the cause-and-effect relationships. We, humans, tend to look at history as singular events without considering the circumstances that led up to and contributed to future connected actions and responses to such actions.
I’m currently reading Trevor Noah’s book Born A Crime and wanted to review African history for better context. I’ve learned so much with your video! The Texas public education system left out a lot in world history, and it can be hard to find real history content on RUclips. I appreciate your dedication to putting the information out there on this open platform. Thank you! Immediately subscribed! I’m looking forward to learning more from your channel overall!
Absolutely nailed it! The synthesis of major world events and how they culminated within one another was seamlessly woven. Loved this analysis
Thanks for watching! More content coming soon.
An outstanding and well-paced survey. Have a subscription. Looking forward to learning more.
Thank you for watching!
I love that you explained why slavery was prevalent during conquest. There is no emotional tie to labels people did not self identify with. I am not sure if the collapse of the Saharan slave trade was avoidable bc it’s business. Leaders are always finding ways to be on top or “survive”.
Great video :)
I was looking for just this kind of video for my inquiries and I came out learning a lot more
There is an excellent video of Thomas Sowell who explain how Africa have so few access to the sea. Your video make an excellent job of describing the shift from land power to sea power, and Africa loose his advantage. In Europe easy sea access was a plague during Viking raids, but later become a net advantage. Good job.
Exellent video. No political agenda…just plain history. Very nice job
13:10 Thank you. Some people don't understand this part for some reason.
I agree. Just as I was never considered Hispanic until I came to the 🇺🇸... in my home country we don't call each other Hispanic. Lol
Also, Igbo, Hansa, Yorba etc ARE ACTUAL KINGDOMS. Each Tribe can distinguish themselves from each other (physically and through other attributes).
Spoils of war/ debt/ orphanage are spoils of war/debt/ orphanage. Prisoners of war still exist in 2024
History Teacher:Ok Class,What Led To Colonialism?
Me:Greed and Envy
Very nice video. You presented a lot of history but in a interesting way, thanks.
Thanks much! I should have a new video dropping next week on the Black Panther Party. I hope you find that one interesting as well.
1850 BC Pharaoh Senusret III attempted to build the equivalent of the Suez canal unfortunately he gave up on it which was a great pity would have made Egypt very difficult to attack. I was born in Europe the narrator is being rather understated about the level of violence that was in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire. With the Black death 1300 ending Feudalism and a new system coming in maybe we are going through the same thing now with Covid19 who knows.
This is one of the best videos on slavery I've ever seen
Thanks for watching! I hope you'll check out my latest upload that premiers tomorrow at 5pm (Pac.). ruclips.net/video/EJaKlBN1HZs/видео.html
@@AfricanElements oooh will do! I've been reading alot about Huey lately, interesting character
Cool! It's a follow-up to my previous video, so you should probably check that one out first. ruclips.net/video/RnCoYqoXFB8/видео.html
This is very great work of history which people who look like me are included in world history which never mention it in history class.
All kingdoms rise and fall. As in The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire, Britain (no longer GREAT Britain) and America itself is now "going through the change". Voluminous thanks to you for your information 👍🏿
I really enjoy listening to you I
.afrockan American and I've always loved researching history I general but especially African history it's the begenimg off humanity keep up the good work brother
I wonder how things would be different if West Africans started building ships for trade back then.
They didn’t feel a need to. Their lands resources were vast enough that everyone came to them
Thankyou so much for this informative and stimulating lecture. Has certainly given some window of light into Africa before European colonisation. Also the underlying principles you apply offers such a wide sweep of understanding to the rise and fall of cultures, empires and nation states.
Good presentation! Very interesting & makes sense! Thank you!
Thank you for this. It would be nice if I learned this at my high school 5 years ago.
You're very good. I'm writing a musical based off your video. It's clear, concise & accurate. Where are you based...? Julius
Thanks for watching! I'm based in San Diego.
Great vid👊🏻
Thanks for watching! There's a new video dropping next week (it's already out on Patreon).
The bigger picture of interconnected dependencies such as the effect of the fall of Rome or Constantinople on both Europe and Africa are taught far too little in history classes I think. The natural ebb and flow of empires and civilisations obviously happened the same in Africa as everywhere else and all of us here in the old world have been linked by trade and travel all throughout Asia, Africa and Europe since the neolithic. What made the last 500 years different was the perfect storm of rising empires combined with technological development at a pace that never occurred before. This made the world a lot smaller all of a sudden. The modern reading of our shared history quite often seems to suggest there was malice and a great plan involved, when in reality it was millions of big or small decisions by individuals as well as patterns way beyond the control of individuals or even nations.
Great video!! I was just think that like about how Eurocentric world history is often presented and showing how everything is interconnected is really interesting!
This was a really well presented lesson in African culture, and I learned a good bit. I am subscribing. You deserve a larger audience.
Thank you so much! Teaching full time is really hard to publish regularly, but that's my goal.
No such thing as "African" culture though.
@@sylviasworld9397 every culture that exists on the African continent is an African culture.
You put it in a way I can understand. Good video, bro
Thanks for watching!
I used to be a little unhealthily obsessed with European culture and its ‘preservation’ in my teen years, especially in regards to our African immigrant population, this is largely my own fault and I regret it immensely, but I feel my lack of knowledge of Africa played an enormous part in this. I am so happy to have found a good history channel that focuses on dispelling the exact kind of misinformation that turned me from a young history lover to a narrow minded nationalist. I wish you the best of luck in this channel and will be sure to recommend it!
Thank you so much!
Excellent lecture. Very insightful.
Todays topic was well versed , bless for sharing this content 🙏🏿😎
Keep up the good work !
Excellent video! Thank you for sharing your knowledge! Kind regards from Montevideo, Uruguay!
Wow! Thank you so much!
Great video highlighting the importance of trade routes and money. Always money. Take it away and any empire or land will fall into disarray and cut itself from inside out.
Thank you for doing this research, so insightful!
Thank you. This is an amazing explanation and I will share your videos with others. I hope you will explain the exploitation of Africa by Western countries and what you think it would take for Africa to come out of this situation. Why can't African countries demand equal treatment and pay for their resources? Billions of dollars are being depleted each year and colonization cannot continue. I do not understand why Africa cannot set up armies and establish policies that protect the continent and its people. Yes, we are all different and from different countries but I hear some say it is difficult to do business with African countries within their borders because it is difficult to get things traded within Africa from country to country. I believe Africa has everything it needs to be a great empire once again.
Thanks for watching and thanks for your comment. I definitely would like to do a video on that. The short answer on that is that colonization never really ended. If you look at Africa's resources (oil, diamonds, cobalt), they tend not to benefit African people.
Why didn’t the Europeans travel to other nations inside Europe and colonized those countries instead of Africa???
The whole point of colonization is that Europe was not resource rich. If they had the resources, there would have been no need for colonization at all. That's why China, for example, wasn't a colonial power. Everyone was trying to get _to_ China. They didn't need resources from elsewhere. Ironically that was also part of China's downfall. Since China didn't need to develop trade routes to get what they needed, they had no need to develop a Navy to protect those trade routes. That left them vulnerable.
I think that’s what the purpose of the Vikings were to some degree or another. They were once a major problem to European stability.
Honestly you can start the timeline where you please it just matter who is telling the story to choose what period they wanna focus on. But history can't be changed but it can be twisted to fit someone's person narrative.
Many thanks Professor. Certain things you mentioned were taught at some stage but so much has been glossed over or completely removed from our history books. it makes me question my country's education system even more than before. To this day, the country I was born in (South Africa), is suffering the after effects of colonialism. Some colonial countries have paid reparations or issued apologies to their respective colonies albeit very few, yet here we are, at the southern tip of Africa, living side by side with the descendants of those European thieves. Granted, they can not be blamed for the atrocities of way back when, but at least an apology would suffice. For all the suffering they have inflicted on my ancestors and many others, it would perhaps change the mindset of the poverty stricken, mentally abused masses. Nevertheless, thank you so much for information regarding this vast continent, Professor. 👍
This was so packed dense with history I had to stop it at each verse and meditate on the meaning of each sentence.
This was hugely helpful and insightful video! Huge appreciation!
Thank you so much for watching!
Beautiful video
I just have a hard time believing that we were as great and powerful as it's always stated. Reason being it wasn't some of Africa but all of Africa that was concured. That is a whole continent. How does a whole continent fall if the people are so intelligent and powerful?
It happens all the time. Great civilizations have risen and fallen throughout history. That has always been the case, and there's no reason to believe it won't continue to be the case. African civilizations are no exception.
@@AfricanElements I understand that but my thing is the whole country fell.
Correct. The entire continent fell. Rome ruled almost the entire continent of Europe, parts of northern Africa and parts of Asia. It fell into a dark ages for almost a thousand years. The Incas ruled the bulk of the entire continent of South America. It to fell. The fall of Great Empires is far from a new phenomenon in human history.
... The United States is also a powerful empire. It's only a matter of time before it too falls. I suspect that day is coming sooner rather than later.
@@AfricanElements I've always said that. It's going to fall from the inside out
Good job!
Thanks for watching!
Thanks a lot for this, Prof!
Brother this documentary was excellent
Man! Eye-opening video! Congrats! Amazing! Thanks!
This is a great video. Thank you for making it!
Thank you for watching!
Thank u so much
Thank you very much for your hard work sir! Greetings from Sweden:)
Thanks for watching!
Very well composed and some very interesting points here, thank you for your hard work.
Thanks for watching!
Thanks man I really learned a lot. I’m gonna check out more of your videos. I was gonna call my friend and ask him questions and you save him a lot of trouble
Thanks for watching!
Helpful stuff 👏🏻👏🏻
I don’t know what to say but just helpful. Would you like to recommend some books on African history to me?
Thanks for watching! I would check your local community college bookstore. If they have a Black Studies section, they likely have some good used to textbooks that you can buy on the cheap.
Thanks for the information! I hope you can work on the voice quality, otherwise everything is perfect! Thanks again mate!
for most of human existence, most of the humans were living in africa. for thousands of years it was like that. africa was the world of our entire species for most of our existence.
'What led to colonialism' have you asked
There is little need for a series of epithets to understand what led to colonialism. The legacies of colonialism are a practical manifestation of this.
The intoxication of oneself in terms of limitless self-deployment which perceives and conceives the other as prey. A necessary prey for self-edification. It is this human madness which determined the colonial enterprise, which in turn will lead to these imbalances which affect the harmony of the earth.
We must go back to the Discourse on Method. In this introduction to these pamphlets, he declared that through knowledge, men can become masters and possessors of nature.
The practical consequence will be the fact that certain men have become possessors and masters of other men, hence colonization.
Answer to the question of the day : In my opinion, I think that the West Africa’s Decline was inevitable. If the slavery wasn’t common in West Africa’s and that the Fall of Constantinople wasn’t happening or in an another case, during that Vasco de Gama and Christopher Columbia was circumnavigate around the Africa’s continent or than the West-African Kings have would better protect their kingdoms and who has been more implicated in the politic and leading of those one, nothing of that would happened.
Thank you, this video was dope. Please keep them coming. I like the way you narrate too. You remind me of Neil DeGrasse Tyson a little bit. I’m diggin your style fam. peace
Thanks for watching!
Great pieces of work.
Thank you so much for watching!
Mansa Musa bankrupted Mali after that pilgrimage. He would of been better off going to North Africa and hiring Arab shipwrights in exchange for some slaves and gold. Everyone knew of the wealth of inner Africa as they knew the cities in the Sahara/Sahel were just middle men. And no point to put West Africa on the map yet. He failed to bring back shipwrights to teach them to put ships at sea themselves. This would of also made it easier to spread Islam to the rest of West and Central Africa along the coast as spreading it through the interior they would encountered stronger people with denser populations, however they'd spread Islam faster with the weaker people along the coast.
Inner West African and coastal states such as Dahomey, Ashanti, Great Benin all failed to capture European vessels and reverse engineer them, practicing to steer them by themselves along the coast line, and then establish port cities further down the coast of West/Central Africa to trade for goods, and slaves. They could of establish themselves along the coast, later on making trips to by waterway to North Africa for maps, cartographers.
Selling too many people. Some needed to be sold for gun and maritime technology. But at some point use common sense. The people you are selling are being used to develop new land, which benefit the people you're selling it too, and you're at technological disadvantage already. They should of stopped selling slaves after the first 50-100 years when the servant population to do so.
Africa wasn't in decline until colonization up until colonization they were still thriving in West, Central, and North Africa. South African states were thriving too. They were colonized due to lack of population, lack of machine guns, and slightly due to the effects of the slave trade. Africa was pre-industrial in some parts, and here is what Africa lacked for industrialization:
1. population-500 million people minimum are needed to industrialized, and at the beginning of the 19 century Africa had just 119 million people. All spread out on the second largest continent, varying geographies, cultures, and the most ethnic groups on the planet, with only some dense pockets of populations all spread out, leaving large gaps of Africa with lots of hunter gather peoples/slightly pastoral.
2. No world religion to dominate. Europe had Christianity, large parts of Asia had the main eastern religions. Same geographies in Europe/Asia and world religions meant more cohesion. To combat Africa's low population, varied difficult to traverse geographies, multiple religions, cultures, ethnic groups, infighting, Africa too needed a world religion and it was supposed to be Islam. Islam swept North, parts of East, and West Africa. This were I said earlier Mansa Musa failed, As it would of difficult to spread Islam thought the more difficult and vast interior starting from the coast (which would of required maritime technology he failed to get), spreading Islam from the coast then the interior as trade increased would of then spread it to the various Bantu people of the interior, and as Islam expanded more Bantus would of adopted the religion. West Africa attempted to spread Islam to the rest of West Africa (Futa Jallon invasions of the late 19th century). But by then it was too late as the European invasions halted them. Had they had maritime technology, ended the slave trade in the first 50-100 years, Europe wouldn't of had the machine guns, to invade thus Islam would of swept the rest of the continent as the Bantus were ethnically similar.
If Islam had swept Africa in the late 19th, and 20th century (assuming all the above mentioned conditions were met from the previous paragraph to halt Europe industrializing) For the first time in Africa:
- All of Africa would have the same language, reading/writing script, and culture for the fist in it's history. This would improved infighting, trade, currency, technology, roads, maritime travel, illiteracy, construction, production, etc. Africa need an over arching social unification and Islam would of served that purpose.
In short the political short-sightedness of Africa people put them in position to be colonized though, had Europe showed up a 100 years later, the coaster and near coastal states of the inner West Africa would of had enough time to sort out their differences. Those states were formed due the growing indigenous populations along the coast, and the break down of the more organized states in the interior such as Ghana, Mali, Songay, Yoruba. These new comers with their new technologies, and state building idea merging with the coastal people who now had enough time to organize themselves led to the creations of the coastal states. Now we see the rise of inner West Africa. Most people lived further north in Africa, so Africans in the Sahara, and Sahel operated as middlemen. Trade came from the interior specifically inner west Africa (the source of the gold for Mali), and trade then got dispersed through the Mediterranean world, Red sea, Indian Ocean world trade system, the Saharan world trade system. This is why Empires like Egypt and Carthage in antiquity were wealthy. Carthage's gold came from inner West Africa. They even tried to sail to West Africa in 500 BCE to find the source of the gold trade. As we entered Middle earth, the power shifted to the Sahara/Sahel. With the drying up of the Sahara people moved in the Sahel and Southern Sahara urbanizing. With the arrival of a world religion, and camels, trade explodes.
Now during the Atlantic period the power shifted in Africa for the first time in history to the people who actually controlled the resources and were the source of Africa's wealth all along. Africa was not in decline. With their larger more dense populations, trading cities and routes, populous towns, and the arrival of the Saharan/Sahel people with the new technology and state building idea the coastal and near coastal people formed their own empires. They ended the trans Saharan world system because they could ship the good directly with Europe and cut the middle man out all together.
Europe is smaller, more ethnically the same, maritime technology absorbed from Rome as they were used in the military, and absorbed Rome's administration. They had 700 years to fight, push each other, and the coastal states were doing the same thing Europe had the change to work for the most part after 700 years which is established territory. Cousins fight cousins, pressuring each other and Europe exploited that. Another 100 years to figure out territory we'd have a different history, they would of been settled and more cohesive. These states were new.
Nice informative content very accessable. Subbed.
Thank you for the very insightful presentation!
Wow,really changed the way I think about colonization. It's a spirit,a force prompted by dominance and control. It's also business and a tool to rise to the top
I have seen this video a couple of times and I like everything bit of it.
Nice video, learned a lot from it.
Thank you for making this video!
Glad it was helpful!
Great job keep it coming.
He can’t spread this work himself. WE MUST HELP HIM DO IT. That’s our problem as black peoples across this whole world.
Hi Africa, is not only black people, Africa is also north african countries such as algeria, tunisia and libya that were colonized by european countries
@Ibo Robotnik yo bro go read some history
if u don‘t know amazighs u don‘t know shit
and by the way the subsaharean helped the romans to kill us and the second time they helped the spanian to kill us in maroco too
read some history bitch before u open ur fucking mouth
@Ibo Robotnik whos land is africa ?
@Ibo Robotnik arabs came to north africa as colonizers 1400
subsaharean tried to colonize north africa on 700
romans, carthage etc ..
yo bro if we will have a discussion about this, you better read some books before
@Ibo Robotnik u sound like white supremacist with some hegel philosophy vibes
Good Stuff! Thank you for this!
That was great ...very informative
Redesign the way people learn about African History by creating a panel within the Dept of Education.
Thank you for this video, it was very informative!
Thanks for your video. Would love to see some article so I can read more around this topic
The Arc of Civilization stretched roughly from about Rome through the fertile crescent and India and out to China. Everywhere else, including most of Europe, was outside in the stone age and vulnerable.
That's not true at all. Not only did East Africa develop iron tools well before the rise of Rome, but West Africa as well probably a thousand years before the rise of the Roman empire. The Nok culture, which existed in modern-day Nigeria independently made use of iron from at least around 500 BCE (probably earlier).
Well researched and informative perspective
Thank you for watching! Be sure to catch the live stream next Thursday on the African Roots of Black music.
👌🏾good points, well explained
Thank you so much bro
Love this video and your channel, your not bias and not trying to have an agenda.
Thank you so much for watching!
Keep on going bro thanks so much
learnt a lot from this thank you
Excellent summary!
Thank you so much! I'm going to be premiering a video later today along with a live Q&A. If you'd like to check it out, I'd love to see you there! ruclips.net/video/ttfVlniaEYk/видео.html
Prior to Middle Easterners And Europeans among other Non Africans many African Native groups had plenty of issues with each other and some friendships and alliances and partnerships and business deals and trade relations and frenemy moments
Very informative learned a couple new historical facts
Thanks for watching!
New subscribe. Great content.
Thanks for watching! Be sure to check out next week's 2K subscriber live stream special.
@@AfricanElements what times the livestream?
I'll be posting an announcement probably tomorrow, but most likely Thursday at 5:30 p.m.
Good video
Please, next time put some african music on the background to really feel the vibe as you explain things.
Good job