READING PHYLOGENETIC TREES (ALL ABOUT SISTER TAXA, MONOPHYLETIC GROUPS, PARSIMONY)
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- Опубликовано: 4 июл 2024
- Learn how to read phylogenetic trees, identify sister groups, monophyletic groups, polyphyletic groups, paraphyletic groups, choose the most parsimonious tree, and understand the difference between homologous characters and analogous characters.
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I'm studying Bio at uni, but suck at phylogeny. This helped me out a ton, thanks!
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helped me more than any other videos I've watched
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thank you the sister taxa part for E was what I was stumped on. glad you covered it!
Glad it helped :) please subscribe!
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hello, thank you for this explanation. I have a question, how can we read the differences between the genome tree and those of 23s rRNA and 16s rRNA gene tree?
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Thanks!
correct me if im wrong but aren't the conclusions from the diagrams at 13:38 wrong?
In diagram 1 (on the left) organism B is characterised by Hair and an amniotic egg, this transfers fine over to diagram 2 (on the right). But when you look at organism D, diagram 1 characterises it with hair only, in diagram 2 there is no organism listed characterised by hair only - organism D also has an amniotic egg now. Surely then these trees would not be the same organisms? Same goes for organism C which in diagram 1 is not characterised by an amniotic egg.
In order to make diagram 2 reflect the same organisms the amniotic egg would need a further evolution event to reverse it such that C and D do not have an amniotic egg anymore. That would make it 6 evolution events for each so they would be equally parsimonious no? I can't think of any other way you can build this to represent the same organisms that isn't blatantly less parsimonious.
It looks like your thinking here is that the 2 trees are supposed to be examples of how to reflect the same traits in each taxon, but by drawing the phylogenies differently, is this so?
Well, that's not what's intended at all. What's being compared is 2 ways of interpreting the trait histories and determining which is most parsimonious, which means logical, likely, sensible.
What program are you using to draw your presentation? I NEED this for my class
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GOOD!
thank you it helped a lot
Hi, could I ask if lineages have different definitions it could be species lineage( a group of species evolving as a whole) or it could be many individual lineages of an organism for e.g making up a population of the species?
it helped so much
Are there 9 monophyletic groups here based on the SNIP test as well?
Is it safe to say that monophyletic groups are also synapomorphies?
Wow
13:30 What you said is right, but those are bad example characters and placement. Feathers before the amniotic egg? Lungs after hair? Fur completely different than hair?
This is what confuses me: you can group A & B together as a monophyletic group because they are both the lineages of the same common ancestor, but it's like when you "zoom out" and look at C & D and include the next-to-last common ancestor of A & B, then it's not a monophyletic group anymore?
I think you are missing an essential component of the term monophyletic;
8:46 is lineage a, b AND the immediate common ancestor of both. That is what monophyly is; a group containing a common ancestor and ALL its descendants (along 2 lineages in this case).
Compare to 11:16, as before lineages a, b and their immediate common ancestor are within the box. BUT, look what else is included; the previous ancestral node back from their immediate common ancestor is also boxed. NOW; that rear node is a common ancestor too, BUT, only ONE line of its descendants is within the group (the line leading to the common ancestor of a and b). The line leading from it to the common ancestor of c and d is OUTSIDE the boxed area. So, as not all ancestors of that rear common ancestor are included, it is NOT monophyletic.
So how many taxas are there?
Nice video and well explained. Although you didn't mention the term Clade ...
E is a monophyletic group!
no
Finally, a video that’s not from India. For the life of me I cannot find deeper biology videos that are verbally understandable thank you.
fucking science man but this is a good explanation tho and it helped me alot lol
Can I have your email please ......!!!
For the purpose of asking questions on other related topics....
I wish you would’ve covered the groups better (mono, para, poly) because they relate more to the character states (synapomorphies,symplesiomorphies) then just descendants of the common ancestors.
Evolution is a fairy tale.
Cramming for midterms and my teacher can't teach for shit
You say at 8:45 that A+B are monophyletic then at 11:15 you say A+B are paraphyletic.
I was looking for videos for my students to use to study and I was loving this one until I saw that. Now I can't use this :(
No, the 2 examples were different, pay attention!
Thank you so much. You help me a lot♥