WUM-1, Romak-991, SAR-1, WASR-10/63 & More (Revisiting Romanian 7.62x39 AKs)

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  • Опубликовано: 20 дек 2024

Комментарии • 125

  • @Dawgust420
    @Dawgust420 3 года назад +23

    With the amount of views and information your content provides it baffles me you only have 50k subs. Thanks for doing the work, the us ak community is better for it. Thanks misha

    • @thedumbguncollector5546
      @thedumbguncollector5546 3 года назад +1

      I would bet the average subscriber to this channel is a much more experienced and knowledgeable gun owner. You don’t come here for the short shorts and dirty jokes. I’m sad to hear he is changing but tired is tired.

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +3

      @@thedumbguncollector5546 You know? i never said how things iwll be changing.....could mean new stuff and events; not less hehe.

    • @thedumbguncollector5546
      @thedumbguncollector5546 3 года назад

      @@misha5670 ok, but no short shorts

  • @peterreily1490
    @peterreily1490 3 года назад +7

    I mean this only in the most positive way... these videos help me get to sleep. With my insomnia and NEVER being able to sleep... this is how I fall asleep. Finally got a solid 6 hours sleep last night and woke up to these videos. Holy crap was that awesome. Super weird dreams, but sleep is sleep.
    Your videos help me sleep and walk up firing on full mags in the morning. Much appreciated!

    • @texaspatriot9159
      @texaspatriot9159 8 месяцев назад

      Yeah same here, helps ease the anxiety.
      USOG Channel helps out too I recommend you check him out.

  • @troyhutchinsii4543
    @troyhutchinsii4543 3 года назад +7

    No one offers more in-depth content on AKs period!

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +2

      Should have named the channel 'AKs & Cats"

  • @Chiller01
    @Chiller01 3 года назад +7

    Good luck with changes in the channel. Looking forward to whatever comes after your vacation.

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +3

      Got one more video coming very soon before i get some R&R too.

  • @Jojo69869
    @Jojo69869 3 года назад +2

    Misha, in recent I've been kind of fed up with guns because of prices of everything. But watching your video, especially historical or cool topics like military AKs really make the hobby more fun. Or adding original parts and doing conversions. So much fun can be had with things you already probably have.

  • @toki89666
    @toki89666 3 года назад +11

    Where have I been? Jay stepped away? I completely missed that somehow. I'm sure you do not want to reexplain that here but if you or someone could direct me to a video where this is explained that would be appreciated.

    • @ngilbert100
      @ngilbert100 3 года назад +5

      he just got busy with a new job

  • @afkafk129
    @afkafk129 3 года назад +22

    Misha is like the dad I wish I had.

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +18

      How about uncle? I'm not 'That' old yet to be in dad territory...and i just realised I am the exact same age now that my grandfather was when I was born...*sigh* lol.

    • @ghostmourn
      @ghostmourn 3 года назад +2

      Misha lol I'm in the same boat. It's a generation thing

    • @Jojo69869
      @Jojo69869 3 года назад +5

      Back off! He's my dad already...probably

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +4

      you gave me a sincere laugh with this comment heeh, thanks, I needed one today.

  • @bighoss1121
    @bighoss1121 3 года назад +1

    I got turned onto this channel from 9 hole review and holy hell I have been binging it. Great work

  • @IGD-974
    @IGD-974 3 года назад +1

    Great video as always my friend. Romys might not win any beauty contest but out of all the rifles I own or have ever owned my 1968 GP WASR 10/63 UF is my all time favorite. I'm sure you're pretty fond of yours too.

  • @appalachiangunrunner5613
    @appalachiangunrunner5613 3 года назад +8

    I blame misha for the size of my Romanian collection lol.

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +2

      Would you say I am responsible for your dong collection?

  • @robertshekels131
    @robertshekels131 3 года назад +1

    As my collection of Combloc small arms expands, the attention to detail and emphasis on the technical/historical aspects of Warsaw Pact hardware that this channel shares is the
    benchmark I personally aspire to.

  • @jb123.9
    @jb123.9 3 года назад +1

    Don’t change too much brother. Love your content!

  • @Bob-bf3cg
    @Bob-bf3cg 3 года назад +2

    My Century Paratrooper has a shorter gas system than my RH10. Also noteworthy that the RH10 has different scope mount placement and a RPK style windage adjustable rear sight. Kinda strange how these coexist but I like the weirdness

    • @thirteen12
      @thirteen12 3 года назад +1

      Does your RH10 have a shorter gas system than a WASR?

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +1

      Yeah, the RPK rear sight was something M+M specified for their M10 back at the beginning. There are at least 3 lengths of gas system: standard AKM, shorter, and shortest. The difference in the last two is actually quite small. Then of course the Mini and Micro Dracos have tiny gas systems but those are commercial only.

    • @Bob-bf3cg
      @Bob-bf3cg 3 года назад

      @@thirteen12 I’d have to measure, it has the “rifle length” combo block whereas the Paratrooper has a draco gas system.

  • @pajamastacking
    @pajamastacking 3 года назад +2

    I've seen your video on MAK-90's and it's full of great info. If you could make a video about how to convert it to a normal looking AK would be super helpful. You've talked about the recievers being strait or slanted, and the steel being 1.6mm vs the normal 1mm. Im trying to replace the thumbhole stock on my MAK but I keep reading that because of the 1.6mm steel it is difficult or may require further sanding down the stock in order to fit. Your expertise around this would be greatly appreciated, examples of online retailers that curtail to the MAK90, or tips on the best method of fitting a normal AKM stock into the MAK reciever, info surrounding this is few and far. Thanks!

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +2

      unfortunately, per youtube policies, I can't really show gunsmithing on here.

  • @thedumbguncollector5546
    @thedumbguncollector5546 3 года назад +2

    Amazing content as always. You are a gentleman and a scholar.

  • @arizonatrailsadventures8682
    @arizonatrailsadventures8682 3 года назад +2

    Wow I asked about the Romak 99.1 like 1 hour ago! Thanks for the info dump! Good luck in your future channel changes

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +3

      Hey, i try and be responsive lol.

  • @angelgutter8249
    @angelgutter8249 3 года назад

    My first 545 was a sar2 converted to a aims 74. I would not have known what it was if not for you. Thank you sir for all you do!

  • @karabiner98-k_98
    @karabiner98-k_98 3 года назад +1

    Just picked up a Romanian M44 to add to my romy collection. Love collecting Romys idk why.

  • @crabbyturtle1594
    @crabbyturtle1594 3 года назад +3

    I have the Romak 991 in the single stack variance. Since I only have one magazine, should I open up the magwell to accept double stack magazine?

    • @jeremyweaver7689
      @jeremyweaver7689 3 года назад +2

      Yes you should be a normal person

    • @chadivanbober4026
      @chadivanbober4026 3 года назад

      Either that or hawk it to some poor sap in a ban state at a premium and buy a new wasr

    • @IGD-974
      @IGD-974 3 года назад

      Personally, I'd leave it intact. It's kind of a unique piece of firearms history in its own right. So many people change them that one day it may in fact be worth more unaltered. Also keep in mind that you will more than likely need a double stack bolt/carrier and a headspace adjustment for the new bolt as well.

  • @zman5387
    @zman5387 3 года назад

    I do enjoy your channel. One of the better gun channels out there.

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад

      Enjoyment is what its all about, cheers.

  • @silentstryker1590
    @silentstryker1590 Год назад

    I had a WUM1 it was the first rifle i ever bought. It was a great piece and accurate as hell. I wish i hadnt sold that rifle.

  • @joquin4618
    @joquin4618 3 года назад +1

    Kinda sad that this will be your last video on Romanian AKs….. thanks to you and Rob Ski from AKOU, the wasr10 was and is my first and only AKM….. it’s all I can afford and I love it!
    Take care sir!!

    • @thirteen12
      @thirteen12 3 года назад

      Yup, at first I was going to modify the hell out of my WASR, (ultimak, kns, trigger, safety, hook, muzzle, furniture, etc.) but after seeing Misha appreciate it for what it is I settled for a $7 Romanian sling and I'm perfectly happy, it's so complete.

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +1

      @@thirteen12 Just take the money you would have put into all those things, put into ammo, and enjoy at the range. I am not against modding guns if that's really useful to the owner, but in my experience, a lot of the time the mods turn out to be of limited benefit or even disliked.

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +1

      I don't think i said it would be my last Romie AK video. I think i said it would be the last one of the old style...or something like that. I've slept since recording this one lol. Actually, i say in this video that I will be reviewing the wASR10v2 in a future video. I really want either an AES2 or Draco in 5.45mm in the worst way.

    • @joquin4618
      @joquin4618 3 года назад

      @@misha5670 well, now I can sleep better at night 😉

  • @alexfubu1911
    @alexfubu1911 3 года назад

    Decided To pick up a wasr-10 v2 recently can’t wait to change the poly to wood

  • @claudio9932
    @claudio9932 3 года назад +1

    I am new to AKs so my question may be stupid but…do all versions of Romies share the same firing mechanism? trigger, piston, bolt etc?
    Thank you for your videos and information, I am learning a lot !

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +1

      Bolt and FCG? yes. Most have the same length of piston, however some like the Draco have a shortened one to work with the compact gas system.

    • @claudio9932
      @claudio9932 3 года назад

      @@misha5670 thank you! I just got my wasr 10 v2. Unfortunately the gas tube and gas block are not aligned properly. It should not prevent the rifle to cycle but looks weird.

  • @romeosgenericchannel3971
    @romeosgenericchannel3971 3 года назад

    Love my converted Romak991! Thanks for sharing Misha , You da man!

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад

      I would kind of like to get an SAR-3 and convert it. That's one variant I've never owned personally. I've had the 'Champion 2007' pistol, which was the Draco in 5.56 and several WASR3s in the store but *shrug*.

  • @ghostmourn
    @ghostmourn 3 года назад

    Oh cool I was really happy to see you made this video. Someone local to me has a 'ratmil wum-1' and I've been really curious about it.

  • @small45s16
    @small45s16 Год назад

    Hello mishaco just wondering if on the Wasr 10/63 is a 1965 marked one rare?

  • @davehardesty3649
    @davehardesty3649 7 месяцев назад

    Forgive me if this is a dumb question, what is a ratmil and is the cur2 any good? Ty

  • @thepatriotsrage661
    @thepatriotsrage661 Год назад

    Any idea what the thread pitch on the WUM-1 is?

  • @thirteen12
    @thirteen12 3 года назад

    Looking forward to what you're up to next. Also, are WASR gas tubes / bolts interchangeable with RH10, or is the length different?

  • @claytonlewis8799
    @claytonlewis8799 3 года назад

    Do you have any videos on the SAR3?

  • @tacofriday2165
    @tacofriday2165 3 года назад

    So do I understand correctly that the "Paratrooper" PM90 is a KIND of WASR 10/63 ?
    ..like there were different styles of 10/63's and the "Paratrooper PM90" was one of those styles?

    • @josephthomas8318
      @josephthomas8318 3 года назад +2

      No, the only types of 10/63 are fixed stock, and underfolder.
      PM. Md. 90 is the Cugir designation for a 16in rifle equipped with a wire folding stock and dong handguard and is one of the most popular ways to dress up a Romanian AKM.
      There is also an PM. Md. 90 carbine with is essentially a draco with a side folding stock. I've never heard these variants described as "paratrooper"

    • @tacofriday2165
      @tacofriday2165 3 года назад

      @@josephthomas8318 Thanks Joseph, for the info/clarification. 👍

  • @taegukgi07
    @taegukgi07 2 года назад

    The pistol-like handguard is a pure Romanian invention for a better stability!

  • @Txbountyman72
    @Txbountyman72 3 года назад

    another great video have you seen the romanian California pump ak and have you come across the navy arms Black powder sks

  • @rshacklefird6182
    @rshacklefird6182 3 года назад

    Hey misha I recently picked up my first 74 , a Bulgarian circle 10 all matching numbers and original barrel on a nodak receiver by TGI, my question is can I still call it a slr105 or does is have to be a Bulgarian receiver? It looks like your rifle , like Basically twins , if you could help me out with a answer I would really appreciate it , thanks for the knowledge !

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад

      "SLR105" is a specific designation for a specific semi-auto civilian rifle imported from Bulgaria. You may call your rifle anything you like but 'SLR105" wouldn't at all be correct. Yours is really an 'AK74' just semi instead of full auto.

    • @rshacklefird6182
      @rshacklefird6182 3 года назад

      @@misha5670 what is your opinion on them if you have handled one with a spud receiver ? I traded a Anderson ar15 and m92 zpap pistol for it and 1200 rounds pf 7n6 , come to find out how collectable 74s are now I had now clue . thank you for clearing that up kind sir I'm just glad its all matching numbers with low round count . now I'm just thinking if it's as reliable as a slr105 , it seems like a very solid build by TGI but like I said first 74, guess its just gitter cant wait to get it to the range

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад

      @@rshacklefird6182 DCI/NDS has been making very good US receivers for 2 decades. They don't get into all the exactly perfect replica stuff, with all the fancy original looking markings; nothing like that, but their receivers are in-spec and properly heat treated. A lot of us have had them for years (decades) and they hold up well. That is of course assuming TGI did the rivets properly and they insured solid headspace...things like that.

    • @rshacklefird6182
      @rshacklefird6182 3 года назад

      @@misha5670 everything is very solid that is something I looked the rivets are beautifully flush more so than the m92 pistol I have, I'm so much more excited to shoot this rifle now feels good to know some people have had these receivers for decades also makes me want to go to the range asap lol, thanks so much for the answer and the content your channel is what made me fall in love with the ak47s and 74s, have a great month misha! Cheers from texas

  • @taylorferguson2531
    @taylorferguson2531 3 года назад +1

    I love my Romak 991, I have two one brand new in box and one is my daughters shooter. She loves Misha!

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +1

      Yep, Romies just have a unique charm to them. Some of us get it and others just don't. Is your daughtor a young'n, teen, or grown lady?

    • @taylorferguson2531
      @taylorferguson2531 3 года назад

      @@misha5670 she is 9 Misha! You have commented back before on my comments. You told me to request on Patreon and you would do a video on on romak 991. She wanted a beryl today but decided to convert the with dimple receiver side folder try to make a perfect clone of a military rifle! We watch all your videos together.

    • @taylorferguson2531
      @taylorferguson2531 3 года назад

      How would u make a accurate as possible military clone from a 991… happy ten years Misha!

  • @1973vegas
    @1973vegas 3 года назад

    There are several characteristics about the Romanian variants that sets them apart. A few are: military grade parts on civilian guns, incredible barrels, made from Russian dye, variety of guns/calibers, universal parts, history, I could go on…

  • @Scott079
    @Scott079 3 года назад

    My only experience with the Romanian AKs has been less than satisfactory, I picked up what looked like a gently used Romak 2 ak74, brought it to the range put about 180 rounds through it and noticed that a bunch of the rounds had popped primers, bought a set of headspace gauges and come to find out it’s swallows The No go gauge, and I’ve had a lot of people tell me that these particular ones were known to come brand new in the box with bad headspace, and with the state of the market being what it is everyone is so freaking busy I can’t find a specialist to actually work on it

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад

      Shoot me an e-mail and I'll see what I can figure out for you: ozarkbeararms at gmail

  • @josephthomas8318
    @josephthomas8318 3 года назад

    You forgot to mention the best part about wasr 10/63.
    99% of wasr 10/63 have the cugir arsenal stamp on the trunnion. But a very small number of wasr have been found with the sadu and the ratmil arsenal stamps which is incredibly rare and considered sought after by collectors.

    • @FinalFront
      @FinalFront 2 года назад

      A lot of the 10/63's from the late 1980s don't have the Cugir mark on the trunnion, although they were still made there. Cugir just stopped marking stuff.

  • @synethesiaserpent3538
    @synethesiaserpent3538 3 года назад

    What do you know about Wasr 3's I've thought about emailing you, but this seems more an appropriate situation to ask. :) there seems to be NO information on these early 5.56 romanian Cugir Akms

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +1

      SAR-3 came first in 1999-2000. WASR-3 replaced it in 2003-2004. Century imported them for about a decade but in small numbers. Basically? its a WASR-2 but in 5.56 instead of 5.45. Also Century never bothered to deban them by adding a bayonet lug. As for threading, those that came from Romania with threaded muzzles had a very weird pitch. Something like 12mm or 13mmm.

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад

      @Brian Hess True, the SAR3 is a bit more unique, where as the WASR3 feels like a standard WASR10.

  • @dgtldawn
    @dgtldawn 3 года назад

    thank you so much misha

  • @zeme0556
    @zeme0556 3 года назад

    I have a Romak 1 that has bayonet lug, threaded muzzle, double stack ,military stock, don't know how this slipped In. Last digits on ser # is -97

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад

      Did you buy it new from the distributer/dealer?

    • @zeme0556
      @zeme0556 3 года назад

      No, from an individual

    • @zeme0556
      @zeme0556 3 года назад

      Thanks for the reply. Who ever did it did a great job, literally undistinguishable from original.
      It is one of my favorites, very simple, reminds me of the Russian AKM.

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад

      @@zeme0556 Yep, they are very easy to deban. No gunsmithing required to swap furniture, easy to thread the muzzle with hand tools, and as for the bayo lug? One can either weld one back on (like Century does) or just swap gas blocks. I debanned my SAR2 and PSL to give lugs, but only threaded my SAR1. I didn't see much reason to trouble with switching gas blocks since a bayo still clips on for things like pictures just fine.

  • @javig75
    @javig75 3 года назад +1

    Brother you should really consider writing a book.

  • @austinnichols5701
    @austinnichols5701 3 года назад

    Where my date is on my wasr gp 1063 reads 1957!!?? Not sure if that was original date, all numbers match, blueish finish. Bought in around 2006-2007

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +1

      Not only had PM63 production not started in 1957, but AKM production hadn't kicked off in Soviet Russia yet.

    • @austinnichols5701
      @austinnichols5701 3 года назад

      @@misha5670 do you have any idea why that would be there? I came up with same thing. They weren't being made there in 57. Its a really nice rifle, smooth shooter, had the pre- tapco trigger. No markings on trigger, theres trigger slap some
      times. Here's what it reads on side of trunion AS-1952-70 RO
      On the right side of reciever it reads. Made by CN romarm sa/cugir. Any info regarding this would be awesome. Thank you so much.

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +1

      @@austinnichols5701 No mystery at all...That -70? That's your year code. The 195x is just your serial.

    • @austinnichols5701
      @austinnichols5701 3 года назад

      @@misha5670 thank you very much sir. I appreciate it. I was thinking 70 might be year. Thank you again

  • @josephthomas8318
    @josephthomas8318 3 года назад

    The most impressive thing in this entire video is that RPK dong handguard. Those aren't exactly common

  • @cajuncatfish5417
    @cajuncatfish5417 3 года назад +3

    All of my AKs are Russian and Bulgarian. I should really get a Romanian just to have one in the collection.

    • @chadivanbober4026
      @chadivanbober4026 3 года назад +1

      Get a wasr, just inspect for canted stuff, I have 3 and have owned 5 over the years with only one having slight canting issues, my oldest a 2013 dated, gp-10 has around 10k rounds through it

    • @cajuncatfish5417
      @cajuncatfish5417 3 года назад +1

      @@chadivanbober4026 Yeah I'd probably end up getting a WASR 10. Still got other higher priority AKs to get, but it's definitely on the list. Although preferably I'd like to find a nice SAR-1 in good shape as my Romanian example of an AKM.

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад

      @@cajuncatfish5417 Can confirm, the SAR1 is among the better ones to get. I recommend a 2000-2002 model. The '99s were a bit more hit-miss since it was Century's first year working with them. The handguards on my GP-WASR10 in this video came off my 2nd SAR1 that I bought in 2003 (and was 2002 dated). They did a run of them with dark blued topcovers (oxide?) and really neat laminated wood with an oil finish.

    • @IGD-974
      @IGD-974 3 года назад

      @@cajuncatfish5417 the GP 10/63s are more collectible, especially the early ones like mishas 69 underfolder. They have more milled parts vs cast. myself and others believe the bolts and carriers are better/harder due to the overly hard tapco g2 hammer not peening the carrier like a lot of the later ones (either way first thing I do is put a Romanian trigger group back in there)

    • @cajuncatfish5417
      @cajuncatfish5417 3 года назад

      @@misha5670 Yeah I'm gonna hold out for a later SAR-1 I think. I almost had one a couple of years ago. I was buying some guns off a very elderly gentleman selling off most of his guns and he said he had an SAR-1 he'd sell me for $500. Unfortunately he didn't know where it was so I went to his house and spent a couple of hours digging through 40+ years worth of clutter and never found it. I did find two MAK90s and procured them, but I really wanted that SAR-1. Poor guy was basically chair-ridden. He had fought in Vietnam and Agent Orange was taking its toll on him. I'll never forget what he replied with when I said "thank you for your service." He just chuckled dryly and gave me a knowing look and said "yeah well I'm paying for it now."

  • @rhombifer566
    @rhombifer566 3 года назад

    So are u going off for good I sure hope not?

  • @lynch6642
    @lynch6642 3 года назад

    Love your videos

  • @shirky06
    @shirky06 3 года назад +1

    I think you need a draco in your collection

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад

      Got the WASR10/63KR. Its a rarer bird and a lot of fun too.

  • @sgt_malice4521
    @sgt_malice4521 3 года назад

    That ak with the dong, what sling is that?

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад

      All slings are Romanian.

  • @stoegerstewie8351
    @stoegerstewie8351 3 года назад +1

    Love WASR 10, get 2.

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +1

      They are great basic AKs. Good for projects or just to use as every-day shooters.

  • @franknash7878
    @franknash7878 3 года назад

    My limited experience. I found the Romanians have just a little more play with the bolt and bolt carrier.

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +5

      Yep, that's fair. Still within spec but they do tend to wiggle & jiggle a bit more.

    • @josephthomas8318
      @josephthomas8318 3 года назад

      I've had some pretty tight Romys. You want loose, you should pick up a misr s/a

    • @franknash7878
      @franknash7878 3 года назад

      @@josephthomas8318 ? Is that a typo. I only understand SA for finish guard stuff.

  • @ethan5.56
    @ethan5.56 Год назад

    Your dong would go great with my stock cause they both say DANA on them haha. Great video as always

  • @TexasHellcat1836
    @TexasHellcat1836 3 года назад

    Me at 3:07 AM getting ready to go to bed after a long night of talking to my girlfriend. Now I see Misha posted, who needs sleep?

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад

      Oh I 'need' it. Just I don't sleep well and have a lot i should get done today.

  • @BNatoAk
    @BNatoAk 2 года назад

    Man you should have 300,000 subs at least

  • @luked2767
    @luked2767 3 года назад

    What do you think of the Russian ammo ban? Have they banned components?

  • @rhombifer566
    @rhombifer566 3 года назад

    👍🏻👍🏻

  • @mikejudge942
    @mikejudge942 3 года назад +1

    Algorithm

  • @adidas-kalashnikov1756
    @adidas-kalashnikov1756 3 года назад

    Wassenaar Arrangement Semi-automatic Rifles

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад

      That's the rumor but its never been prooven and that agreement has nothing to do with a firearm like the WASR10 either.

  • @aknation4418
    @aknation4418 3 года назад

    Romanian aks are the worst in Iraq Iran war they had so many problems

    • @misha5670
      @misha5670 3 года назад +3

      Source?

    • @aknation4418
      @aknation4418 3 года назад

      @@misha5670 my dad was general in sadam time the Romanian AKs given to the Volunteer people units. Republican Guard use Russian aks