Hydraulic Press Vs. Most Explosive Ball Bearing |1500 frames per second!
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 8 сен 2024
- Exploding PRE-FRAGMENTED Ball Bearing and HUGE regular ball bearing with a 150 ton Hydraulic Press. Used force is measured with 240 ton force sensor and explosion is filmed with Chronos 2.1 high speed camera 1500 frames per second in this viral experiment video!
Our second channel / @beyondthepress
Our fan shop www.printmotor...
/ officialhpc / hydraulicpresschannel
Do not try this at home!! or at any where else!!
Music Thor's Hammer-Ethan Meixell
While I'm impressed by how energetic those balls are when crushed, I'm almost more impressed by the seemingly indestructible light bars.
The camera that got knocked over is quite durable as well.
I was thinking exactly the same thing
true
Whoever makes them should buy this clip and use it in their ads for the light bars 🙂
⏸
That first frame of red at 2:53 is nuts
Actually that’s insane to look at
I’d like to know the science behind the lines/red color
Why you guys haven't done a Collab with HPC is a mystery.
y'all need the press, he needs the super mega camera.....
"here's your one chance, Clancy don't let me down!" (Reba lol)
You guys should do it
I'd also love to see the @The Slow Mo Guys use one of their million frames per second cameras on this.
If this gets a LOT of views I can rent the same camera. It's quite expensive so I have to pretty sure about the value that it brings :D
@@HydraulicPressChannel 😮👀
@@HydraulicPressChannel You should do a collaboration!
@@HydraulicPressChannel WE NEED THIS!
@@HydraulicPressChannel better get the insurance
That insanely loud bang, a blood curling scream, and 5 minutes of shit falling everywhere has got to be the best sound clip you've ever created.
I'm actually really pleased with how serious you're taking safety with these now, it's quite different from when you began! It's a great example and it's always better to have backup safety that you don't need for a larger safety margin
Remember the brass cylinder that h
Shatter a window with four panes in it?1
yea, this video was scary to watch, it got easier after I saw the protection. As the IRA once said: “we (the bearing balls) only have to be lucky once, you will have to be lucky always"
Safety third
I just love her reaction to seeing the setup!
A cringe, laughter when asked "what you think?", followed by an immediate evacuation of the area...
Priceless
Anni's screams of hybrid dread & delight are back.
Marvelous.
Anni's safety plan: Here, take this food. I have a plane to catch. I'll watch on a zoom call once I've landed in Melbourne!
Her laugh at his safety box was freaking great
It was so good to see Anni again!
And her face when she first notices the setup says it all 😂
6:55💯
You should partner with the slow-mo guys. I am sure they'd love to travel and film stuff like this at 200,000+ FPS.
Aw - looks like someone already commented this farther down. Still a great idea and more publicity for both channels!
You could have a week of random stuff lined up for months of content releases.
You need both the Slo-Mo guys and some custom made polycarbonate sheeting. Something really oversized, like a 20cm thick slab that you could build a custom frame for. Anything that hits it wouldn't penetrate, and wouldn't be heavy enough to move it either. The Safety Frame 15,000,000.
Was coming to mention a slo-mo guys colab.
Polycarbonate isn't that optically clear, once you get to 200mm i reckon it'd be quite murky.
Could you set up mirrors so it wouldn’t need to be near it?
Steel plate and ballistic glass would probably be cheaper. A regular layer of polycarbonate would probably keep the glass from cracking in most cases, but the glass would be excellent backup protection if anything did make it through.
@@Bob5mith oh I was thinking you could set up a fairly cheap mirror and hide behind something so you don’t even have to worry when the mirror gets destroyed. I’ve seen them do similar stuff with shooting a gun at a mirror and you can get crazy angles
I'm glad we have someone doing INDUSTRIAL BALL CRUSHING videos on RUclips, very educational.
man, i get super nervous just watching this video, but i do love the all bearing crushes , also a wild anni was spotted !
Guess how nervous I was filming this :D
@@HydraulicPressChannel Depends. More or less than when you crushed your first car spring?
@@HydraulicPressChannel I don't know? Were you nervous enough? How thick of a blast Shield do you have? I don't think I'd be in the same room with them at all.
@@HydraulicPressChannel nevermimd
Got to 4:12. It looks like you were adequately afraid.
4:00 Anni's concern after seeing the bearing ball in the chamber, followed by the laugh after seeing Lauri's "safety planning", followed by her announcing her own safety plan 🤣 Amazing!
Always enjoy when Anni is present for these videos. I like that you both do these together.
The spray of sparks @7:23 means the LEFT side failed first. As a result, all of the force was concentrated on the right ball-bearing in an instant. This caused it to detonate like an explosive. Amazing.
You know the feeling when someone has a loaded gun near you? Probably felt the same but the bullets go in literally every direction, Lauri has balls of steel
No, I don't get that feeling unless the other person with the loaded firearm is an idiot. Otherwise I actually feel SAFER knowing there is a competent firearm owner near me. Means if someone evil attempts something dumb, I am not alone in stopping their evil ways.
Not anymore. He crushed them all.
No.. people with loaded guns is pretty rare here...
@@AflacMan13 you must be fun at parties...
@@AflacMan13 American spotted!
While I definitely respect Anni’s decision to be less involved with the videos, she adds a lot to the videos, especially the interaction between you to. It was nice to see a cameo appearance from her.
women get bored easily
@@akjohnny5997 ????????? Yeah just some casual misogyny 😂
@@archangel4670 time to stop being casual. Its time to go pro
4:29 She knows exactly, what is going on and pulls the perfect face. Awesome!
I find it entertaining how the thumbnail looks like a thermal detonator 😂
What I think is happening in the first frame of the second bearing (at 3:00) is that the metal of the bearing in contact with the tools is starting to give under the pressure. I don't know if it's powdering, or melting, but it's very hot and moving at high speed. The red color of the bearing is, I think, a reflection of the light coming from this high-speed glowing metal mist.
Also, if you look closely, it would seem that the metal vapor/sparks is coming out all around the ball bearing, so the camera is looking through this glowing red mist, which adds to the ball bearing appearing red.
It’s amazing. What I think is happening is the bearing is actually red hot. In chemistry and physics, when you break strong bonds they are call exothermic…to release energy. These bond are so strong and are therefore releasing vasts amounts of energy in a short amount of time. Think about it this way. The energy/heat used to form these bonds and the ball is roughly the same amount of heat/energy required to break them. The press is forcing the atoms to break and they can’t just break one at a time but in a series of multiple sheets of atoms which heats up at an exponential rate. You can even see some of the atoms burn up and vaporize to nothingness as the sparks that fizzle out.
@@Maxumized I thought it unlikely that the bearing was actually getting red hot, not because of the chemistry, but because it doesn't continue to stay hot for some time afterwards. If it was actually getting that hot, I would expect some of the fragments to be glowing slightly as well.
yup this is correct
@@quinnobi42 well there are a lot of sparks. Also it could be possible the heat is being caused by the atoms compressing in their crystal structure. The molecular bonds are very strong and the sphere shape is an extraordinarily energy efficient. So a lot of energy can be added to the system as heat until a fracture happens. The heat is converted into kinetic energy and as it breaks apart the bonds in the fragments now have space to instantly re-expand. And if something expands rapidly, it will cool. Its almost like this were an air conditioner but instead of gas refrigerant, its a steel ball.
The lights going everywhere are kind of becoming a stasple of high pressure explosions. I love it, don't change it!
A crossover with you and the slow mo guys would be amazing! I think the red ball is just a reflection but they have some crazy cameras that got film it much slower and more clearly.
I never miss an episode, Lauri. Thx for keeping us up to date on the latest crushing experiments. Great to see Anni and you, both today… I miss seeing your walks through Tampere and your trips to the grocery in the depths of winter’s darkness. Be well for the rest of 2022. Better days are coming! From your friend in South Dakota. 😎
It's nice to see / hear Anni again! Thanks for the fun video!!😁
I’m not super sure why the whole ball is red or if I’m exactly right on this but in physics, f=ma, so the amount of mass that’s pushing down and up in the ball is so strong that energy begins to compress inside the steel, the Young’s modulus of the steel stresses and strains until it can’t anymore, and explodes out the sides where there is no force. The explosion is because all of the internal energy was released all at once, releasing as thermal energy, creating those sparks and red color. Extremely awesome to watch
Safty Plan: Leave
2:52 My guess on the 'red ball bearing' is that you've captured a heated shockwave. The red ball colour probably comes from filming through the front part of that same shockwave that came towards the camera. Just my guess. :)
Id like to see a collaboration with the slow-mo guys. They got some serious cameras!
Love what you guys do, keep up the wonderful content!
Exactly.
This. Watching these explode at 1mil frames per second would be insane.
"What is your safety plan?"
". . . I'm leaving . . ."
I like her plan.
I am curious of the temperature created when pressing. Can you aim an infrared temperature gun at the ball bearings ( or anything else you crush) to give us this information?
Thank you.
Good idea. I'd like to see that too.
They are reflective. So what will it measure? Everything but the balls temperature.
Reflection has no affect on infrared temperature reading. Aim at the front of a mirror and the back and you'll get same reading.
@@cbcabs Try the same with a metallic surface. Infrared will not penetrate the glass and therefore will not reach the silver surface.
To test if your steel ball heats up moments before its implosion, you should have an IR (infra red) thermometer on it.
Yes it will heat up. With many elements a dramatic increase in pressure causes combustion.
Awesome ballbusting! 😁 When you build the safety cage 5 miljon, may I suggest covering the inside of the thick polycarbonate slab with a thinner (2-4mm thick) polycarbonate sheat to take the brunt of the debris and save the thick one from getting too scratched up? Thick PC is not all that sheap after all! 😉 And thanks again for some delightful, not too senseless destruction in the press!!! Hyvää yötä teille kaikille ja kaikille hyvää yötä.
Poor choice of words
@@kafkaontheshore9102*Excellent choice of words
The word “ball busting” painfully hurts me.
I thing that red glow in the first frame at 2:53 is red plasma generated by the immense pressure concentrated in the tips of the ball. It is following the curvature because of the Coanda Effekt making the ball glow red.
I wonder if a thermal camera could be fast enough to see if/how much the bearings are heating up before exploding...
Hi Anni!
Yeah. At first I thought for sure that red colour was reflecting. It maybe that I see some hint of red inside the cuts on the large ball.
Thermal camera is a great idea
Say goodbye for that camera.
Isn't thermal camera blind to the things behind glass?
Not even close. The civilian ones have a limited frame rate and are strictly export controlled at least in the US (ITAR), but I'd image in all EU/NATO countries as well. They do this to make it harder for bad actors to build heat seeking weapons.
All of my life I collect ball bearings - they are EVERYWHERE - Walking along streets, shops, hiking in the wilderness, airports, the dog park, anywhere. This video was so wonderful lol looks like my farm memories. Keep up the shenanigans!
i think 3:30 is just a perfect frame capture of the beginning of its critical failure. the red just being reflection of the light produced
Nah it's called redshift, it's going away from us 😂
@@snikrepak Not what redshifting is.
Agree with everyone suggesting a collab with @theslowmoguys. Not just for crushing ball bearings either.There must be a bunch of HPC and BTP channel content that could be revisited at half a million frames per second or more. As for the red glow around the second ball bearing, my guess is it just failed a fraction of a second before that frame and the first fragments are both tiny, relatively numerous, and moving really bloody fast. That would create a blur with a few areas that look more solid because more fragments happen to be going that way. Again, @theslowmoguys could probably settle that one and it would be awesome to watch two of my favourite channels working on it together.
Still an interesting channel after all these years. Bravo!
I think what was happening- The first breakages were microfractures at the top and bottom of the ball, making a red hot dust cloud around it, and just as you said, a shockwave issued forth as the interior cracking happened in a very fast succession. It doesn't appear the surface of the ball was glowing hot, because if you notice there is a cloud of glowing dust that shows orange in front of thebackground as well.
Yep, I also think it is just the way that the metal is fracturing. Not sure about the heat. I know when you flex a wire repeatedly it gets hot and cracks but there isn't much movement of the metal itself to create friction. I think there is more friction from the explosion.
I think the hardened steel press tools cracked around the even harder ball first, which then(with the very shiny ball bearing surface) cause it to reflect the incandescent light from the red hot sparks.
One ball may have been more worn, different size, different thickness of hard layer, the tool may have reacted differently to each ball causing one to experience more force than the other. Tooling surface might not be perfectly parallel causing one ball to take more force. Lot of subtle variables at play.
Not only is the content super entertaining but your commentary is equally as fun.👍
Someone should make HPC a SUPER SAFETY BOX and donate it to these mad scientists! We must keep our scientists safe!
It was a wise move to stop at 40mm, seeing how that cut-down ball bearing turned into a frag grenade.
Nice to see Anni back for a visit.
Yup, and yup!
This was awesome! We really need Hydraulic Press Channel + The Slow Mo guys! Would be a really awesome collab I think.
Lauri I have an idea, you can essentially make a Tank in front of the press! Place a large thick plate of steel down, big enough for you and Annie to hide behind, it can even be sloped, and make a Periscopes out of mirrors and polycarbonate to look over the top, like the driver and machine gunner of a Sherman tank. You can still see, but you're behind armor!
The one just before 1:40 made me nearly jump out of my skin. I absolutely love this channel, and how much you two love destroying things
We humans just love blood and guts fire and destruction xD
@@Kado1609 SAME😆 XD
Anni's most unexpected heartfelt scream was equal to the unbridled mayhem of that last shot.
That one frame with the glowing ball looked amazing!
My guess on the frame at 3:01 is that the exposure is long enough to capture the ball both unexploded and exploded in the same frame. Most of the frame shows the ball intact, but the frame also shows a bit after the ball has exploded and now there are sparks everywhere. Imagine taking two photos, one before the ball has exploded and one after the ball has exploded, and overlaying the two photos on top of each other. That is what we are seeing.
Glad to see Anni is still doing good. Hope you guys are having a great day!
"What is your safety plan?"
"I'm leaving"
Priceless 🤣
Laser pointer thermometer to get the heat reading would be awesome!
It's pretty hard to get IR data out from the explosions like this since IR doesn't penetrate polycarbonate
@@HydraulicPressChannel What if Safety Box 10M had one installed into it? Perhaps adjustable for different heights?
@@HydraulicPressChannel I was interested in surface temperature of the heat generated under that kind of pressure. I love your channel! and @beyondThePress!
The explosive failure mode of these materials under extreme stress is very impressive.
I'm guessing the outer surface is able to radiate heat while the inner core is instead forced to condense the energy. Until material in the core actually endures thermal phase change - along with a sudden, violent change in volume. Like immersing a drop of lava into the middle of an iceball.
I wonder if kinetic weapons can cause these explosive effects when impacting solid targets.
Ever seen a railgun firing? They most certainly can!
That was very cool, I love the colours!
It'd be interesting if you could get a Perspex cylinder to go around the upper and lower tool steel on a test like this to see how deep the metal can penetrate.
I think that the frame you were saying was before the explosion actually captured the moment of explosion. The exposure for that frame started before the ball explosed so thats why we can see the ball clearly. The glow is created by the sparks from the ball exploding traveling fast and being blurred across the frame.
If the red sparks are shooting out to the sides, we can be sure they're shooting out in all directions and not just left/right sides. So my theory is that the first frame of the explosion shows a cone of sparks shooting down and outward from the contact point on top. And those red sparks are between the camera and the shiny surface of the (soon to disappear) bearing ball which is why the bearing looks red. It's the combination of the direct view of the sparks, _and_ their reflection off the bearing surface.
Thanks, you saved me a lot of typing!
The red cone effect to the left of the ball would be all the way around and we were looking through it at the front.
💚🐇🐴💚
There is some merit to your comment. Forces move in a straight line. When the downward force acts at 45 degrees there's no upward force from the lower half of the bearing to support the upper half, so unsupported material keeps moving in direction of force, there's shearing all round the bearing in a conical manner. The glow of light is many many hot atoms being ejected from the surface at 45 degrees to motion of hydraulic ram giving the appearance of laser light. The cone of light is visible from all round, but only as lines because that's where you see the greater concentration of particles.
I'm starting a petition to get Gavin and Dan of the slowmo guys in touch with the hydrologic press channel so we can get some exploding ball bearings at 1.75 million FPS. Who's with me?
Would be great to see some standard thing that shows the energy in the fragments, like a thin piece of wood, or even a piece of paper to show the size and distribution of shrapnel. Great vid as always!
Don't think they sell splatterburst targets over there, but it'd be cool to see one next to this
I respect your commitment to safety. Those explosions were quite menacing
Was not expecting to see a fireworks show when crushing the smaller ball bearings. That was nuts 😄👍 Thanks for all the work you do👍🙂
The “second sun” slo-mo frames are super cool to see, Never thought it would glow red and have a red ora around it!😃
That was nuts indeed
My understanding is that since the breakage indicates forces higher than the material's ultimate fracture strength, and since the ball is hardened and there is minimal deformation before fracture, all of the fracture force is being converted into heat and kinetic energy.
Also worth noting, that depending on the specific material used and the precise heat treatment process used, there can be a difference in hardness between the surface and the core of the balls, in which case it's the harder outer surface that transfers the majority of the pressure pressure applied (making a glowing surface likelier, the bigger the hardness difference gets, the more abrupt the transition between the hardness zones is and the thinner the hardest zone is), since the same ultimate compressive strength of the same material occurs at a minimum deformation before failure in the hardened state (hardening doesn't change the strength of the materials as much if any, as it does their resistance to deformation before their failure point), while the softer core would have to be deformed by a larger amount before reaching it's ultimate compressive strength and failing, in order to transfer the same applied force/pressure.
Always nice to see Anni pop in.
So what will the Safety Box 10M be made from?
Just more steel :D
@@HydraulicPressChannel I see. I was thinking a wood core inbetween the metal sheets, or some other material.
@@HydraulicPressChannel Not depleted uranium? :D
Your neighbours panicking and running to air raid shelters after all of the explosions.
Haha I love Anni's feedback on the safety measures :D
Explosive ball bearing: *“Obey me, mortals!”*
Gigachad light bars: *“I think I won't! 😎”*
The energy displacement is fun to watch. The red glow and sparks it produced coming from a molecular level, goes to show how these bearings store a massive amount of energy.
The energy released comes from the press
I believe the first frame of the red hue and the ball being red is being caused by what is happening at the atomic level. the fractures are propagating VERY FAST and with that there is a ton of friction happening due to the TREMENDOUS force being applied to the ball. The red hue is very small sparks already being thrown off from just some of the rubbing as the ball heats up VERY quickly, yes it is either legitimately red hot OR it is reflecting the red sparks in that frame. The ball then essentially falls apart but due to the HIGH forces put on it it shoots off a lot of material that is very heated which is why you see the sparks auto igniting but as the parts fly away they take heat away with them, wicking it from the main ball so it is no longer red hot shards with those that are left.
Nice video, keep it up, HPC.😉
"Okay that's really fast explosion, thats is 1500 FPS and it's like one frame and its gone!.... _Holy shit!"_
ahahha my words exactly 😂
Never get tired of ball bearing episodes.
Ball bearings and paper, always a big boom.
Add playing cards and you have the trifecta
I think it would be pretty cool if you guys had a FLIR heat camera to see how hot things get while being crushed
That would even work
5:56 seeing those little sparks are so cool Should try with the lights off
3:00 Wow that is incredible. It looks like you caught the very moment the press took the bear past it's limit. Mind blowing image.
It looks like the sparks were reflecting off the bearing, because horizontally across the bearing is dark.
I can't exactly tell, but just before the pressure was released it looked like it mushroomed out. I'm wondering if the indent from the smaller bearing had something to do with it. Maybe you'd have different results if you started with big bearings to smaller ones.
That was kool though!
The frames you asked about are not the bearing glowing red hot but rather a reflection of the glowing sparks. Those sparks are coming out in a mostly even symetrical pattern, hence why the entire bearing seems to glow.
So very cool and educational! Thank you for all of the great content!!
The amount of fun in your videos is huge
It's over 9000!
@@darecubtem493 cringe
The ball is made from a pyrophoric metal and is slightly elastic which absorbs energy in the form of deformation and heat as it is compressed. Once the stress limit of the material is exceeded shearing occurs which shatters the ball bearing creating thin slices of metal which ignite creating the sparks.
The red you're seeing is the sparks directly as well as reflected off of the surface of the ball bearing. You're looking at the front and the back of the sparks coming toward the camera simultaneously.
Can we get thermal imaging while pressing? That would be helpful with slow motion and doing calculations on different materials. Awesome Videos as ALWAYS! Keep it up!
4:30 The instant reaction to seeing the fragmentation grenade you made out of that ball.
I'm happy to see Anni back (forgive me if I misspelt her name) I've really missed the interactions between the both of you
The one bearing that looked red in the high speed was not from heat, it was caused by the spray of sparks shooting out from the top and bottom of the bearing, the spray was so fast and fine and the camera framerate so slow that it cast the ball in the red light coming off the hot particles. The spray of sparks coming off it is the steel at the top and bottom of the bearing that gives way first, the ball disintegrates starting at the top and bottom where the forces are highest which then causes fractures to spread throughout the rest of the bearing, causing it to break up.
Looked like you were crushing the death star. On that cut one.
Crushing these ball bearings makes me cringe like they're going to come through my phone screen.
My favorite part was when he said holy shit after the first one exploded. I spit my coffee.
Can we all appreciate the many many micro-universes this man has launched into existence? I believe we have found out how our existence began. A bored Finnish dude + Hydraulic press= the beginning of life.
the redness you see on the ball is not just reflections, but you looking through that (I guess) plasma around it. you can see through it on the side, but that same supersonic stuff is in between the camera and the ball too, not just the sides. you're looking through the fire, and the ball is reflecting it too.
"This is too dangerous"
Creates prefractured shrapnel grenade to be safer
"What is your safety plan about this"
"I'm leaving"
🤣🤣
When he said “frames per” at 1:13 he had an almost perfect American accent. It sounded like someone else said that😂
This gives a whole new meaning to the phrase "stop breaking my balls."
I don't think that the ball itself is glowing red, for a couple of reasons:
1) If the ball would glow red, then probably because of heat. However, I don't see where this heat should come from, since the whole ball must then be heating instantaneously to get such a homogeneous glow at the high speed camera. One would expect some sort of change across the surface, since you only add energy at two points of the ball.
2) Assumed the ball would get that hot, one would not expect such sharp edges at the remaining parts of the ball. They would form some sort of rounded edge. Not necessarily smooth, but not as sharp and rough.
3) In 2:53 you can clearly see the sparks that are emitted from the top and from the bottom of the ball making quite a beautiful pattern. That will be most decently little particles, probably some rough hills from the surface of the ball. Since the glow and the fly in a really straight line (even after the crossing), one can assume that these are parts of debris with a lot of energy. That is an indicator for that happens next: In the next frame we see a lot of sparks, so bright in fact that the ball itself is not visible any more.
My guess would be that the sparks at the beginning opened the gates for the crystal structure of the ball to burst entirely, so that the ball can shatter along the grain boundaries within the material. That process would happen with the speed of sound in this material, for metals this can be easily 3000 km/s and more. You could compare this event with the shattering of glass, but much more violent. That also would explain why breaking up the surface helps so much with crushing the parts: there are more defects on your surface, which leads to an easier breaking of the entire thing.
You can probably test that thesis if you repeat that crushing, but only add little cuts at the surface of the balls. If you have a polished ball with a nearly perfect smooth surface, it should resist the most force. If the surface is rough, however, the ball should burst at a considerable lower force.
You could also team up the slowmo guys to make some pretty amazing images of that burst. An intensity and/or red filter could be helpful, though.
I don´t know much about metallurgy or the physical properties of different material but I believe that the ball bearing at 3:02 is indeed red hot.
I suspect that because the pressure works like build up energy and there is so much friction and compression between the atoms or molecules when the ball bearing is about to explode.
In nutshell: Basically the press is building up energy inside the ball and friction+compression is doing the rest.
No muffins were harmed in the making of this video 🍪
How does this channel keep topping itself after all these years?
At 3:30 I think the ball is red because it's exposing the instant the ball is there and also exploded into the "second sun" at the same time. So the ball's not red, the explosion that happened in the last 100th of the exposed frame is.
That's one hell of a hobby you got there, mate! As for why the second ball glowed in the frame before destruction.. all those tonnes of force are pressing on the ball's structure. You're playing near a million Newtons pressure on a very rigid structure, and just before it de-structures the crystals heart up and start coming apart, emitting some light and I-R. It would be useful to know how warm the remaining particles of the balls are, after they broke.
So nice to hear suomalainen speaking ... mä on melkein suomalanen...or feel like it...🇨🇦🇫🇮
Put a metal ball into Hydraulic Press. The result: High-Grade Explosives.
I think it turned red because all the energy from the press was turned into heat since the ball couldn't deflect much.
*makes ball bearings into hand grenades via cuts creating chunks of shrapnel*
"I took safety precautions..."