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@@phenomenalphysics3548 Entropy is a measure of the Macro state, entropy zero means, no change in your macro. If you run a process and change any macro state (P, V or T) then entropy zero means that your finished state (P, V and T) = yout initial state. Note that for this to happen you need to waste some external entropy. in other words, within the (P,V,T) space. Every point is a state. Then a process is a curve from (Po, Vo, To) to (Pf,Vf,Tf), if your process is reversible, then your trayectory goes from a starting point to the same starting point. In general, any state variable can be computed by diferences in the state space. ðU = U(Pf, Vf, Tf) - U(Po,Vo,To) ðH = H(Pf, Vf, Tf) - H(Po,Vo,To) ðS = S(Pf, Vf, Tf) - S(Po,Vo,To) ðT = Tf - To ðP = Pf - Po ðV = Vf - Vo And every single of them will be zero if a process is reversible (and you're computing ending points)!
So which one is true finally , 1. entropy of universe as a whole can only increase. Or 2. According to other video of yours - Information is Entropy means it will not decrease but can be converted to knowledge ( information ).
J Attitude Using the simpler example of flipping a coin, there are 2 possible microstates for each coin flip: heads or tails. Both are equally likely to occur. If you flip the coin multiple times, it does not change the likelihood that each time you flip it you will get heads or tails, so each microstate is always equally likely. For two coin flips the four microstates are HH, TT, HT, and TH, each with a 25% chance of occurring. The macrostates in this case are the different proportions of heads and tails depending on how many times you flip the coin. Other than the trivial macrostate of only one coin flip, the macrostates of multiple coin flips will not have equal probabilities. With 2 coin flips there is a 25% chance of getting heads twice in a row, a 25% chance of getting tails twice in a row, and a 50% chance of getting heads once and tails once (25% for HT + 25% for TH).
@@MegaFonebone Thank you. And is that a normal distribution or a power law distribution? For in a power law distribution that what looks like it is not as likely to occur in a normal distribution is more likely to occur in reality.
Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky You've gone past humans in this one... Beyond fools cloaked as scientist... I recommend you to consult one of the great philosopher of 21st century... MorgueOfficial on RUclips 👍
Great video. But I wouldn't put my money on predictions about the distant future in 10 billion years. Still so many open questions that will definitely change our perspectives more than once.
Thanks for the compliment. I introduced the characters in that scene in my video, "Thermodynamics and the End of the Universe." If you have not yet already seen it, it is available at the following link. ruclips.net/video/GOrWy_yNBvY/видео.html
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@@taivas7216 Thanks. Please send me an email. My email address is available in the "about" tab on my RUclips home page (if you view it on a PC, not a phone). I will email you the subtitle file. You will then be able to edit it and then email the file back to me, and I will then upload it to my channel. Thanks.
i dont know why doesnt the world appreciate your videos ... they are so clear and totally understandable!!! u deserve a lot lot more subscribers than pewdiepie has right now !!!
Absolutely correct. It is a pity that entropy as measure of disorder continues to be taught at all levels. Even prominent physicists continue to write books propagating this false interpretation, unchecked and confusing future generations of scientists and engineers
It's a "first-pass" analogy specifically designed to give laypeople an intuitive feel for the concept. There's nothing wrong with that. Not everyone can or wants to learn the most precise version. Any actual scientist or engineer will quickly move past it by learning the technical definition.
Right? It's like teaching a 3 year old that it's one or more of an infinite number of genders. It's not gonna be normal when it grows up but it will think it's normal just like people think their definition of entropy is normal. Just cuz it looks disorganized to you doesn't mean there's anything wrong with it.
@@dhayaadharsh6850In information theory this is the case. In information theory, entropy quantifies the amount of information needed to describe the state of the system. Since more microstates mean higher probability for a macrostate, entropy can also be interpreted as a measure of uncertainty or lack of information about the specific microstate of the system. High entropy means many possible microstates and a high degree of uncertainty. Entropy increases logarithmically with the number of micro states if you follow Boltzmann's formula. When we consider the system’s evolution over time, we can think of the sum of microstates as representing all the potential immediate ‘futures’ of our system-each one a path to a new macrostate as time incrementally advances. The higher the entropy, the greater the number of paths available at any moment (dt), which is the system’s tendency to explore more probable states as time progresses.
My favorite thing about your videos is that they cover some fairly advanced topics; yet with such well designed topic partitions, that you can *almost* just pick a video at random and know that you're going to understand the majority of it. Granted, there have been a countable few that went completely over my head the first watch through - but compared to the number of videos that just seem to pour information into your brain, I can deal with a few beard scratchers here and there. :)
thank you this makes more sense than everything i've read and watched, all others speak of disorder and chaos which seemed to be contradictory to the deterministic nature of the universe and therefore contracting the laws of physics
Definition of entropy 1 thermodynamics : a measure of the unavailable energy in a closed thermodynamic system that is also usually considered to be a measure of the system's disorder, that is a property of the system's state, and that varies directly with any reversible change in heat in the system and inversely with the temperature of the system broadly : the degree of disorder or uncertainty in a system 2a : the degradation of the matter and energy in the universe to an ultimate state of inert uniformity Entropy is the general trend of the universe toward death and disorder. - James R. Newman b : a process of degradation or running down or a trend to disorder The deterioration of copy editing and proof-reading, incidentally, is a token of the cultural entropy that has overtaken us in the postwar years. - John Simon 3 : CHAOS, DISORGANIZATION, RANDOMNESS 4 statistical mechanics : a factor or quantity that is a function of the physical state of a mechanical system and is equal to the logarithm of the probability for the occurrence of the particular molecular arrangement in that state 5 communication theory : a measure of the efficiency of a system (such as a code or a language) in transmitting information, being equal to the logarithm of the number of different messages that can be sent by selection from the same set of symbols and thus indicating the degree of initial uncertainty that can be resolved by any one message. Source link: www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/entropy
Really cool video. That ending killed me, with the aliens etc. A really nice way to soften the blow of existential dread of the statement, "One of the unfortunate consequences of this law is that it means that all life in the universe will eventually end." Thank you!
It's our of my field, I should not say and cannot say anything. All i can say is that engineers love science, we cannot resist it, a d it is always good for us to learn more.
+The Earth Is Cubed it is very normal to have the feeling of knowing so little. Even the great theoretical physicist Richard Feynman said "there are many thing I know nothing about, but i don't feel frightened"
Entropy is also a royal pain for every junior year chemist and physicist. Even after more study in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, we still do not get it.
this is one of the most underrated youtube channels i have come across. honestly the quality of this content is just so great. definitely adding to my patreon as well!
Terrific explanation. The second law is all about arrangements and probabilities of large numbers, whether we are considering energy, matter, or information.
IMHO entropy can be seen as a measure of amount of information you need to know about a system, in order to describe it. If less information is needed to describe it, the system is more ordered. Although the two forms (yours/mine) are equivalent I guess. I'm not sure, if you take into account the fact that if all particles were indistinguishable, it est, all particles are spheres or cylinders , the number of possibilities is less than this case of distinguishable particles. Although you has said that no matter the microstate but the macrostate in order to speak about the entropy of the system. To end I need to say that the example of the glass is a little spooky and tricky cause I'm not sure the more suitable, what about if the piece was a crystal with a regular lattice. What about if you launch many times the shatter glass pieces, how many times it reach the initial pristine condition, a regular lattice for instance. In the sake of turn graspable entropy concept, who will be of enormous fertility, we need to make a effort to clarify further. Here there are a interesting recent article: Second law, entropy production, and reversibility in thermodynamics of information. arxiv.org/pdf/1712.06858.pdf Thanks for the video. For sure I need to see this video many times, but will be a pleasure.
This clarifies my misunderstanding from"Entropy: Why the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics is a fundamental law of physics" Thank you for the video! Great as always
very interesting. Biological processes proceed from high entropy (the raw materials of life, food, oxygen etc) to low entropy living cells. The cell is lower entropy because there are only a few ways you can put the cell together and it works ie is living but you can arrange the food in lots of ways as there is no constraint that it has to be living. The way the living can move from high to low entropy is by expending energy
That is true but the total entropy of the universe(biological system +surroundings) increases. The energy expenditure to the surroundings as heat will increase the overall entropy of universe
This video really sums up a concept that I was really considered on. pretty much every video I watched describes entropy as something different so I didn't know what to believe. I was leaning towards your concept and it's right.
I've been searching for videos on this and the concept just gets more confusing with each video I watch. Your explanation makes everything become clear all of a sudden. Thank you so much!
Why did you say the probabilty of each individual combination in the large area is equal to the probabilty of each individual combination in the smaller area. It seems like there is a 1/24 chance for each in the smaller area and a 1/(a number much bigger than 24) chance for the larger area. I get that each combination within the larger area is equally likely, and each combination within the smaller area is equally likely, but the smaller and larger probabilities shouldnt be equal to eachother...
@@EugeneKhutoryansky If we know, as you state in the video, that the objects are confined to a smaller area within the 10x10 matrix, then it seems that should affect the probabilities. Or maybe it depends on what probabilities we are considering, the probablity of arriving at a particular configuration, or the probabilty of guessing a particular configuration with some knowledge about the outcome. Like, if I roll a 6 sided die without showing you, but tell you that it is an uneven number, the probability of arriving at a 1, 3 or 5 is still 1/6, but your probability of guessing correctly with the knowledge I gave you is 1/3. Probabilities are tricky!
Great video, as always, but as a chemist I couldn't help considering the breaking of the mirror as a "reaction" which increased the entropy of the room. Before the breaking, the microstates are restricted to different positions of the intact mirror through the room. After the breaking, there are now much more microstates associated with multiple distributions of the pieces. Wouldn't be more adequate to have begun for example with a pile of bricks which is hit by the ball? The organized pile would then be just a microstate equivalent to the dispersed array of the same bricks.
This is your best video on Entropy so far!! ;) The delineation between micro and macro states is exactly the same as the emergence of properties like temperature, pressure, and entropy. This video is worth an entire semester of thermodynamics class... already subscribed but I am going to Patreon right now! Thank you so much for the effort you and Kira put into these videos. P.S. I agree with Seduction Science, the cat is GREAT! If he has a Patreon account, let me know :)
Thanks for the compliment, and thanks for the donations on Patreon. I really appreciate the support. By the way, my favorite video on Thermodynamics is the first one that I made titled "Thermodynamics and the End of the Universe." I had wanted to talk about micro-state vs macro-state in that video, but I was not able to because that video already had so much information in it. Therefore, macro vs micro states had to have its own video devoted to it. And thanks again for the support on Patreon. It means a lot to me.
Thank you. This has bothered me since high school physics, especially because everyone has been screwing me with poor explanations using "disorder". For the first time I understand. Tears of joy. Thank you.
If we were to assume complete determinism, would that mean that entropy of the universe doesn't _really_ change, since the probability of every state occurring at any given moment would be equal to 1 (and probabilities of other, seemingly possible states would be really equal to 0)?
krzyszwojciech Not really. If you assume the current interpretation of quantum mechanics to be somewhat accurate, determinism has its limits. Even if we conclude after the fact that something was completely deterministic, that doesn't mean it could have been predicted with 100% certainty. The 100% and 0% you are talking about is only applicable to what actually happened in the past. An increase of Entropy is not defined as the change in the odds. It is the increase in the number of possible microstates that forms the macrostate. So even in complete determinism, where we know what microstates the system will evolve to, if the number increases so does entropy.
I think I get your point. So entropy by definition assumes taking into account all logically possible states rather than the actual ones? *_If you assume_*_ the current interpretation of quantum mechanics to be somewhat accurate, _*_determinism has its limits_*_._ That wouldn't answer my question ;) As for the QM and nature - I don't know. There are completely deterministic and coherent interpretations of the theory as far as I've heard - the uncertainty coming from limits in our ability to investigate rather than from the nature of reality itself. And QM might not even be the final theory.
krzyszwojciech The checker board in the video explains it pretty well. Given a long enough period of time, the pieces will occupy every possible combination on the board. The progression of different positions can be completely deterministic or the progression can be completely unknown... that part doesn't matter. We say the entropy of that system is not changing. The pieces move around randomly or deterministically within their allowed states. Does this make sense? If there is something I am missing in your question, please try and give me an example/scenario and hopefully I can still answer. I agree with you on the quantum mechanics and I tend to support determinism myself.
Surely, this follows from your excellent exposition in this video. It is >not< true that the entropy of the universe (or any closed system) can >never< decrease. The second 'Law' is simply a statement of the statistical truth that such a decrease is very, very improbable. The water in my glass could, by accident, arrange itself in such a way that half of it was hot, and the other half ice. No Law of physics would have been broken. But the chances of that happening are, to say the least, small.
If it is so improbable that you have to wait several orders of magnitude longer than the age of the Universe for it to happen, then this is pretty much the same thing as saying that it will never happen. I cover this topic in detail in my video at ruclips.net/video/vE82PDJB8ow/видео.html
+Robin Betts "It is >not< true that the entropy of the universe (or any closed system) can >never< decrease." Do you have an example of it decreasing in a closed system? "The second 'Law' is simply a statement of the statistical truth that such a decrease is very, very improbable." No, it is impossible. When people lock in to the statistical explanation of entropy, they often confuse a particular possible microstate as being a higher or lower entropy than another possible microstate. This is incorrect. An increase in entropy is related to an increase in the *number* of possible microstates. Once the number of possible microstates has increased, it will never decrease for a closed system. "The water in my glass could, by accident, arrange itself in such a way that half of it was hot, and the other half ice." This is exactly what I mean... if you are considering your glass a closed system, the particular arrangement of molecules is just a particular microstate. By talking about some other arrangement of the water molecules, you are only talking about another microstate... NOT a change in the number of microstates. The problem with your scenario is that the microstate you are talking about is not possible; a glass of water could never evolve into that microstate because it is energetically disallowed.
Thank you every much! I was always confused by the definitions in my language and this is the best explanation and definition that I have found in English and German. Great work!
Its truly the best animation software! I hope Hollywood will soon adapt this style of making mind-blowing movies with such simple yet beautiful animations
You can use Cinema4D too, its easy for this type of animation, you can find inumerous tutorials about in RUclips. In fact, i've guessed that is the software used in this video.
I am skeptical of this explanation. Suppose you swept up the glass into a pile. Would that not mean then you have have decreased the entropy of the glass?
To talk about "all the glass in one piece" being just as likely as it being shattered, begs the question. What is it for the glass to be in one piece? It is a construct of consciousness -- literally, psychologically or both. Consciousness is a missing part of this jigsaw. (panpsychism)
You need to put energy into that, and by doing so you oxidize some chemicals in your body, which woud increase your entropy, and the entropy of the universe
The entropy will still increase. Sure you decreased the entropy of the glass, but now the system also consists of the broom and you (because it is influencing the glass). To sweep you burn chemicals in your body. The gases released due to this (which you later exhale) have higher amount of entropy than the amount you managed to decrease for the glass. This is the beauty of thermodynamics :)
What a beautiful physics channel. Animations & explanations are precise & copacetic, both your music & your narrator sound beautiful. Unlike some, I appreciate the slow pace. Thank you so much Eugene. I look forward to more of your videos. Subscribed.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics is a statistical law rather than a physical one. It's a law in the same sense as "you will not win the lottery every day for the rest of your life" is a law. It's technically possible for entropy to decrease in a closed system, just so unfathomably unlikely that it might as well be impossible.
Yes and no. I address this issue in detail in my video "Entropy: Why the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics is a fundamental law of physics" at ruclips.net/video/vE82PDJB8ow/видео.html
This video is wrong as it relates to disorder. This is because you leave out a key element, information. The glass is in a more ordered state and a low entropy state because it takes less information to describe the glass that's not broken. When you break the glass, you have a more disordered state and a higher state of entropy because it takes more information for me to describe the broken glass. If I open a deck of cards, it's in a low entropy state and ordered because I can describe the deck of cards by using just the suit and order of the cards. Once I shuffle the cards, they're disordered and it takes more information to describe the shuffled deck of cards.
It is not "wrong" because information does not have this relationship to disorder or to entropy. For example, suppose you vaporize the glass, and turn it into a gas whose molecules are evenly spread throughout the room. From a macroscopic point of view, this state can be described with very little information, yet this is the state of highest entropy.
Of course it does. Have you read any work from people like Hooft, Susskind or Maldacena? Entropy has a close relationship to information. In fact some will say entropy=information. If you were to vaporize the gas and the molecules are spread out across the room, it would be in a state of disorder and it would take more information to describe the molecules. The vaporized glass would also contain more information than the whole piece of glass because there's more ways to arrange the molecules. Look at your example of the objects on the checker board. If you place the objects in the middle of the board in a straight diagonal or horizontal line, it takes less information to describe it. If you place the objects on the corners of the board, it takes less information to describe it. These are low entropy states that are more ordered than if the objects were randomly placed on the board.
The problem is that the word 'disorder' has a much broader usage than just information theory. In the usage that most people attribute to the word, it is a subjective measure of 'messiness'. The typical example given is that of a 'messy room' which does nothing to describe entropy. Saying that it takes more information to describe the glass vapor molecules is functionally equivalent to saying the number of microstates has increased. Both of these are _descriptions_ of entropy rather than definitions of it. Entropy cannot be defined at the microstate level, it is a macrostate variable.
This is just wrong. Entropy isn't just a macroscopic variable. Have you ever heard of the entropy of entanglement? If you don't understand entropy of entanglement, I suggest you read this paper. Measuring entanglement entropy in a quantum many-body system www.nature.com/nature/journal/v528/n7580/full/nature15750.html A messy room does give an excellent illustration of entropy. A messy room would be one of higher entropy and it contains more information because it's more ways to order a messy room than a room that's already ordered and immaculate. Again, this is just an illustration of entropy and it's very useful to use with people who are just starting to learn about entropy. Like I said, this video is WRONG. Each configuration is equally likely to occur at any given moment but there's probabilities associated with which events are most likely to occur based on order and disorder which is associated with information. Just look at the deck of cards. It takes less information to describe a deck of cards in order. I just need to say A-K in 4 different suits of cards to describe an ordered deck. That's a small amount of information compared to the information needed to describe a shuffled deck of cards where information is needed to describe the position of each card.
jjay "Have you ever heard of the entropy of entanglement?" Yes. It is a description of the _quality_ of an entangled state; it is a way of using information entropy but it is not a definition of entropy. "A messy room does give an excellent illustration of entropy. A messy room would be one of higher entropy and it contains more information because it's more ways to order a messy room than a room that's already ordered and immaculate." The problem with using 'messy' to describe entropy is that it is a completely subjective term. Suppose you walked into a room and it looked completely messy to you but the person who's room it is explained that that was the _exact_ state they wanted the room in? Then what you are calling messiness (and high entropy) is actually the 0 entropy state. How can you reconcile that with your description of entropy? A measure of entropy should not be dependent on the state of the observer. "Just look at the deck of cards. It takes less information to describe a deck of cards in order. I just need to say A-K in 4 different suits of cards to describe an ordered deck. That's a small amount of information compared to the information needed to describe a shuffled deck of cards where information is needed to describe the position of each card." The problem with using information theory to describe entropy is that it requires a context. When you ask the order of a deck of cards, you are asking a specific question. Depending on the content of that question, you may or may not need less information to describe the deck. If we are only concerned about the color of the cards, for instance, it takes even less information to describe a deck that is all black cards first then all red cards, we don't even need the suit information. So, in that case, a group of completely randomized black cards on top of a group of completely randomized red cards has LOWER 'informational entropy' than your 'more organized' deck. The REAL way to increase entropy of a deck of cards is to _add more cards to the deck_. These things do not describe entropy in a clear, understandable way. ANY specific combination of 52 cards is only a specific microstate. It is EXACTLY as likely for a specific state to come out of a random shuffle as it is for the cards to come out in suit/rank order. This is why you cannot examine the microstate to see what entropy is, it is a macrostate variable that is emergent from the statistics of the system. It is really no different than examining temperature... you cannot describe temperature by talking about the specific energy level of one particle. You have to talk about the average _randomized_ energy and only in relation to the randomized energy of another body. You cannot tell the temperature of something by examining the speed/direction of one of its particles.
Your video is actually awesome .whenever i need feel on any topic i search you.Nobody can clear me ENTROPY,Now it's crystal clear to me after watching this.
Anyone who wants to learn more, read this book: www.amazon.com/Thermodynamics-Introduction-Thermostatistics-Herbert-Callen/dp/0471862568 In my opinion this is the best book on thermodynamics you can get
This video is an excellent example of the use of probability and helps my understand of Quantum field theory based on the concept of a photon traveling from point a to point b and calculating the probability of its path. Therefore, the video helps explain Quantum field theory and the reason for the development of the feynman equation. Yes, I know we are discussing entropy, but I see a correlation.
you deserve salutes...you are amazing..you really cleared all my concepts..when nobody even can .i am very thankfull to you..may god bless you with lots of happiness love wealth..thanks a lot
But broken glass does have more entropy because there's millions of ways and arrangements for the glass to break, but there's only one way for the glass to be put back together in one piece.
I find this discussion particularly interesting. In a sense, the universe doesn't "see" or "care about" macro states*. But as humans, the macro states define our everyday perceptions, while the micro states were the elusive things we initially didn't "see". * When you get down to it, in this way of thinking the universe doesn't "see" or "care about" very many types of things. The universe doesn't see phase changes or chemical reactions. It doesn't care when a particular atom finally fissions. And the reason it doesn't care is not because there are so many other atoms to look at, but rather because the universe doesn't see atoms either. Nor the neutrons within them. It sees the most fundamental things, and everything else is just a consequence of a handful of rules being followed zillions of times per second, all around us. We don't yet know all of the rules, but the better we understand those rules, the fewer there ultimately are. Most of the laws and formulas used in engineering, medicine and a host of other fields are essentially shorthand for macro states in complex systems that we've defined as important to our experience. But of course those laws and formulas are important. Counting individual quarks is extremely tedious.
Very nice video, getting rid of a misconception i had and at the same time being able to visualise the real idea is truly impactful for learning. Thanks for these videos!
I was thought of entropy in term of information. An intact vase takes much less bit of information to describe than a shattered one. Hence the shattered one has a higher entropy.
I think the concept of 'increasing disorder' being associated with increasing entropy is a reasonable device for making entropy understandable to people who don't have a strong grasp of maths.
Bless you, your visuals with the explanations are amazing and really help us visual learners who struggle to understand concepts from a lecture with 300+ people
My use of entropy is correct. A universe spreading smaller in volume into itself eventually reaches a size where entropy decreases and energy is transferred from gravity into a faster spin and a single greater inertia.
The increase in the entropy of the universe is just another way of saying that it is getting increasingly unique. That is to say, it takes more and more information to specifically describe it. This also assumes that the universe will expand forever. It also assumes that there does not exist an equal amount of contraction perfectly counterbalancing expansion. I hold to the philosophy (and truth) that all things have an opposite. Whenever the universe is expanding in one location (if such a thing exists) then there is an equal amount of contraction in another location. From nearly every location in the universe it will locally appear to be expanding and the entropy will always appear to be increasing. When the universe is measured as a whole, the entropy will always be constant. In essence, we will always measure an essentially flat space.
For me, however, this raises the philosophical question of what "happening" is supposed to mean, because in a future heat death in which all energy differences are supposed to be balanced, where are the possibilities that something can happen at all?
When you view in real close it doesn't look like disorder but when you realize the true scope of the area entropy is taking place in there will always be disorder. Even if you could eliminate known unknowns uncertainty still exists.
Much respect to your passion in what you do. Beautiful Videos shedding light on many beautiful concepts and ideas. I hope you stay in the best possible states.
Beautiful music in the background and a very brilliant description of our physical universe. It has helped me to start preparing for the inevitable. Thank you for this video. The Universe is a mystery beyond conception.
one thing that most of speakers about entropy omit to mention is that restricting matter into a combination "macrostate" with lower entropy can only be the fruit of intelligence. hence, the perception of order in such macrostate is correct and only legitimate.
so when we say "the entropy of the universe overall increases", it means because space is expanding, it means there are more and more possible configurations particles can make, therefore greater entropy
No, the fact that the entropy of the Universe is always increasing is independent of the fact that space is expanding. There are many other ways that entropy can increase, such as the fact that energy becomes more evenly spread out.
It's important to note that entropy in that sense and the second law of td only applies to closed systems. If i build an internal combustion engine from raw materials I have definitely decreased the entropy of whatever macro state frame of reference you would like to use but I'm only able to do that because I applied controlled energy from an external system (my 30 trillion emergently intelligent cells). People of don't realize this important fact and it prompts them to think "if entropy is the case how come complex life was possible at all?" Although technically my engine only "works" because of entropy (the combustion energy only moves the car because its going to destribution itself into the macro state that has the most microstates - in this case the wheels spinning and the car being in motion)
Thank you very much, congratulations for your video. Im from argentina and sometimes some words in english are incomprehensible for me. The traduction and the subtitles integrated into the video solve everything. Good work!!
The explanation is good on one level. But what is missing is an explanation of how moving from a lower entropy state to a higher entropy state is exothermic with regard to free energy.
this is along the lines of what Frank Lambert argued for years - that entropy should be thought of as energy dispersal, not disorder. But in the real world, more energy dispersal and more disorder are virtually synonymous, no? Using your example, shattered glass is more disordered than the original glass sheet. The proper comparison isn't the specific arrangement of the particles before vs after, it's the specific arrangement before vs the combined set of possible arrangements after the glass is shattered. There are far fewer number of ways that a bedroom can be arranged as to be considered "orderly" than the number of ways things can be scattered about as to be labeled "messy". People intuitively understand this. In keeping with this, it's much easier to break things than make things. I'm not seeing any real daylight between energy dispersal and disorder, but hopefully you can convince me otherwise if I am indeed wrong.
This is a brilliant video! This video has the concept of entropy _almost, but not quite right!_ Still... It is _so close_ to the correct concept of entropy, that I recommend it wherever and whenever I can! Good work, Eugene!
I have a video devoted exclusively to Maxwell's Demon and the connection between entropy and information at the following link. ruclips.net/video/8Uilw9t-syQ/видео.html
If level of entropy is set by the possible micro-states on a given macro-state: How can entropy increase inside that given macro-state? If the increase of entropy is set because the macro-state grows, so it grows the amount of possible micro-states, if you have a closed system (so the macro-state is not growing) so it shouldn't grow entropy either. I think I'm missing something... -_-
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why is entropy zero in reversible processes?
@@phenomenalphysics3548 Entropy is a measure of the Macro state, entropy zero means, no change in your macro.
If you run a process and change any macro state (P, V or T) then entropy zero means that your finished state (P, V and T) = yout initial state.
Note that for this to happen you need to waste some external entropy.
in other words, within the (P,V,T) space. Every point is a state.
Then a process is a curve from (Po, Vo, To) to (Pf,Vf,Tf), if your process is reversible, then your trayectory goes from a starting point to the same starting point.
In general, any state variable can be computed by diferences in the state space.
ðU = U(Pf, Vf, Tf) - U(Po,Vo,To)
ðH = H(Pf, Vf, Tf) - H(Po,Vo,To)
ðS = S(Pf, Vf, Tf) - S(Po,Vo,To)
ðT = Tf - To
ðP = Pf - Po
ðV = Vf - Vo
And every single of them will be zero if a process is reversible (and you're computing ending points)!
So which one is true finally ,
1. entropy of universe as a whole can only increase.
Or
2. According to other video of yours - Information is Entropy means it will not decrease but can be converted to knowledge ( information ).
Conclusion: "All micro states are equally likely but not all macro states are equally likely".
Thanks for the outstanding video.
How do you know that all microstates are equally likely, but not all macrostates are equally likely?
What are the confinement that makes that true?
J Attitude Using the simpler example of flipping a coin, there are 2 possible microstates for each coin flip: heads or tails. Both are equally likely to occur. If you flip the coin multiple times, it does not change the likelihood that each time you flip it you will get heads or tails, so each microstate is always equally likely. For two coin flips the four microstates are HH, TT, HT, and TH, each with a 25% chance of occurring. The macrostates in this case are the different proportions of heads and tails depending on how many times you flip the coin. Other than the trivial macrostate of only one coin flip, the macrostates of multiple coin flips will not have equal probabilities. With 2 coin flips there is a 25% chance of getting heads twice in a row, a 25% chance of getting tails twice in a row, and a 50% chance of getting heads once and tails once (25% for HT + 25% for TH).
@@MegaFonebone Thank you. And is that a normal distribution or a power law distribution?
For in a power law distribution that what looks like it is not as likely to occur in a normal distribution is more likely to occur in reality.
Macro - Micro
Dice - Face
Coin - Face
8 slice wheel - Slice
Thank you @ MegaFonebone
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Interesting.
I love your work. In my opinion as physicist the best work.
Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky
You've gone past humans in this one... Beyond fools cloaked as scientist...
I recommend you to consult one of the great philosopher of 21st century...
MorgueOfficial on RUclips 👍
ooohh excellent
Great video. But I wouldn't put my money on predictions about the distant future in 10 billion years. Still so many open questions that will definitely change our perspectives more than once.
9:50 cineastic masterpiece, I shed a tear over this beautiful scene
Thanks for the compliment. I introduced the characters in that scene in my video, "Thermodynamics and the End of the Universe." If you have not yet already seen it, it is available at the following link.
ruclips.net/video/GOrWy_yNBvY/видео.html
Truly one of the best scenes in science
Shaggy was there too
The dragon was clutch lmao
Your videos are excellent. I didn't know you had a Patreon. Definitely going to support you.
Thanks for the compliment about my videos, and thanks for the donations on Patreon. I really appretiate the support.
Thank you. This is one of the greatest misconceptions in physics
I agree. That is why I wanted to help clear this up.
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Thanks.
Hello Eugene, I'm would like to submit a translation for Spanish(Latin America) since I 've spotted the current one has some errors.
@@taivas7216 Thanks. Please send me an email. My email address is available in the "about" tab on my RUclips home page (if you view it on a PC, not a phone). I will email you the subtitle file. You will then be able to edit it and then email the file back to me, and I will then upload it to my channel. Thanks.
i dont know why doesnt the world appreciate your videos ... they are so clear and totally understandable!!! u deserve a lot lot more subscribers than pewdiepie has right now !!!
i just seriously want to meet u and say thank you for such great effort and amazing videos!!
Thanks for the compliment.
Maybe because of the background music
who is pewdiepie?
@@ashleysaviour4693
Yeah, rightly said.
Plz remove the background nuisance from your videos
Realizing reality with no bias has never been better put than in this video as far as I've seen. Good job!
Thanks for the compliment about my video.
Thank you! Entropy is usually so badly explained, people end up thinking it’s magic. Great simple (and correct) explanation! Excellent job!
Thanks. Glad you liked my explanation.
I need a "Caution: High Entropy" sign for my door.
Why, do you have an unusually large living space?
@@Will-be-free Good one
It doesn’t spring into one place
Absolutely correct. It is a pity that entropy as measure of disorder continues to be taught at all levels. Even prominent physicists continue to write books propagating this false interpretation, unchecked and confusing future generations of scientists and engineers
could you tell me if this way of looking is correct
can we say if the amount of information needed to define a state is proportional to entropy
It's a "first-pass" analogy specifically designed to give laypeople an intuitive feel for the concept. There's nothing wrong with that. Not everyone can or wants to learn the most precise version. Any actual scientist or engineer will quickly move past it by learning the technical definition.
Right? It's like teaching a 3 year old that it's one or more of an infinite number of genders. It's not gonna be normal when it grows up but it will think it's normal just like people think their definition of entropy is normal. Just cuz it looks disorganized to you doesn't mean there's anything wrong with it.
@@dhayaadharsh6850In information theory this is the case. In information theory, entropy quantifies the amount of information needed to describe the state of the system. Since more microstates mean higher probability for a macrostate, entropy can also be interpreted as a measure of uncertainty or lack of information about the specific microstate of the system. High entropy means many possible microstates and a high degree of uncertainty. Entropy increases logarithmically with the number of micro states if you follow Boltzmann's formula. When we consider the system’s evolution over time, we can think of the sum of microstates as representing all the potential immediate ‘futures’ of our system-each one a path to a new macrostate as time incrementally advances. The higher the entropy, the greater the number of paths available at any moment (dt), which is the system’s tendency to explore more probable states as time progresses.
@@joelcurtis562defending the orthodoxy.
I always get excited when i see notification of a new video from this channel
That's great to hear. I am glad that you like my videos.
Watched these vids 20 times.. I think i'm starting to really get this. I love these "Aha" moments. :D
Best. Video. Treating. Entropy.
This should be shown in schools
Thanks for the compliment.
Entropy is so difficult to understand, I have been struggling for years - until - I came across the genius Eugene of this channel/ MANY THANKS!!!!!
Thanks for the compliments. I am glad my videos have been helpful.
My favorite thing about your videos is that they cover some fairly advanced topics; yet with such well designed topic partitions, that you can *almost* just pick a video at random and know that you're going to understand the majority of it. Granted, there have been a countable few that went completely over my head the first watch through - but compared to the number of videos that just seem to pour information into your brain, I can deal with a few beard scratchers here and there. :)
thank you this makes more sense than everything i've read and watched, all others speak of disorder and chaos which seemed to be contradictory to the deterministic nature of the universe and therefore contracting the laws of physics
could you tell me if this way of looking is correct
can we say if the amount of information needed to define a state is proportional to entropy
I can’t thank you enough for finally making me understand what others tried to explain to me for such a long time.
Glad my video was helpful. Thanks.
Thank you!! I've hated that entropy is disorder concept for years!
Definition of entropy
1 thermodynamics : a measure of the unavailable energy in a closed thermodynamic system that is also usually considered to be a measure of the system's disorder, that is a property of the system's state, and that varies directly with any reversible change in heat in the system and inversely with the temperature of the system
broadly : the degree of disorder or uncertainty in a system
2a : the degradation of the matter and energy in the universe to an ultimate state of inert uniformity
Entropy is the general trend of the universe toward death and disorder.
- James R. Newman
b : a process of degradation or running down or a trend to disorder
The deterioration of copy editing and proof-reading, incidentally, is a token of the cultural entropy that has overtaken us in the postwar years.
- John Simon
3 : CHAOS, DISORGANIZATION, RANDOMNESS
4 statistical mechanics : a factor or quantity that is a function of the physical state of a mechanical system and is equal to the logarithm of the probability for the occurrence of the particular molecular arrangement in that state
5 communication theory : a measure of the efficiency of a system (such as a code or a language) in transmitting information, being equal to the logarithm of the number of different messages that can be sent by selection from the same set of symbols and thus indicating the degree of initial uncertainty that can be resolved by any one message.
Source link:
www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/entropy
This Computer Is About to Change The World
ruclips.net/video/AZP9CU-RPpw/видео.html
THANK you GREATLY for addressing this TERRIBLE myth!
I personally feel that entropy is the opposite of what it is defined as; that when energy is spread evenly in a given space, that it is now in order.
Really cool video. That ending killed me, with the aliens etc. A really nice way to soften the blow of existential dread of the statement, "One of the unfortunate consequences of this law is that it means that all life in the universe will eventually end." Thank you!
Thanks. I am glad you liked my video.
Those friendly creatures appear in other videos on this channel!
@@mikesercanto9149 I did discover that after watching this video, haha. Excellent mascots
4 years in mechanical engineering but the concept of entropy is still the pain in the neck
It's our of my field, I should not say and cannot say anything.
All i can say is that engineers love science, we cannot resist it, a d it is always good for us to learn more.
+The Earth Is Cubed it is very normal to have the feeling of knowing so little. Even the great theoretical physicist Richard Feynman said "there are many thing I know nothing about, but i don't feel frightened"
Physics major = Path to Engineering major
entropy is a concept that has to accept only.
Entropy is also a royal pain for every junior year chemist and physicist. Even after more study in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, we still do not get it.
10:07 This looks like the end of an anime episode
this is one of the most underrated youtube channels i have come across. honestly the quality of this content is just so great. definitely adding to my patreon as well!
Terrific explanation. The second law is all about arrangements and probabilities of large numbers, whether we are considering energy, matter, or information.
I am glad you liked my explanation. Thanks.
IMHO entropy can be seen as a measure of amount of information you need to know about a system, in order to describe it. If less information is needed to describe it, the system is more ordered. Although the two forms (yours/mine) are equivalent I guess.
I'm not sure, if you take into account the fact that if all particles were indistinguishable, it est, all particles are spheres or cylinders , the number of possibilities is less than this case of distinguishable particles. Although you has said that no matter the microstate but the macrostate in order to speak about the entropy of the system.
To end I need to say that the example of the glass is a little spooky and tricky cause I'm not sure the more suitable, what about if the piece was a crystal with a regular lattice. What about if you launch many times the shatter glass pieces, how many times it reach the initial pristine condition, a regular lattice for instance. In the sake of turn graspable entropy concept, who will be of enormous fertility, we need to make a effort to clarify further.
Here there are a interesting recent article: Second law, entropy production, and reversibility in thermodynamics of information. arxiv.org/pdf/1712.06858.pdf
Thanks for the video. For sure I need to see this video many times, but will be a pleasure.
This clarifies my misunderstanding from"Entropy: Why the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics is a fundamental law of physics"
Thank you for the video! Great as always
Glad you liked my video, and that it helped clear up a misunderstanding. Thanks.
newtons laws dont hold up anymore they suck
Thanks. I am a PhD student, but always confuse what entropy physical means. Through this video, I think my understanding grows up!
Glad to hear that my video was helpful. Thanks.
Phenomenal video... Ingenious
Absolutely clarified my doubts👍👍
You are very very underrated for the work you do..
Thanks for the content 🙏🙏
YESSS such a good one i've had this on my mind for some time
Thanks.
very interesting. Biological processes proceed from high entropy (the raw materials of life, food, oxygen etc) to low entropy living cells. The cell is lower entropy because there are only a few ways you can put the cell together and it works ie is living but you can arrange the food in lots of ways as there is no constraint that it has to be living. The way the living can move from high to low entropy is by expending energy
That is true but the total entropy of the universe(biological system +surroundings) increases. The energy expenditure to the surroundings as heat will increase the overall entropy of universe
This video really sums up a concept that I was really considered on. pretty much every video I watched describes entropy as something different so I didn't know what to believe. I was leaning towards your concept and it's right.
I've been searching for videos on this and the concept just gets more confusing with each video I watch. Your explanation makes everything become clear all of a sudden. Thank you so much!
Glad my explanation was helpful. thanks.
Thank you for keeping the music volume low. I wonder if there is a graphical quality upgrade planned?
None needed. It's functional and hilarious.
It's awesome the way it is
Why did you say the probabilty of each individual combination in the large area is equal to the probabilty of each individual combination in the smaller area. It seems like there is a 1/24 chance for each in the smaller area and a 1/(a number much bigger than 24) chance for the larger area. I get that each combination within the larger area is equally likely, and each combination within the smaller area is equally likely, but the smaller and larger probabilities shouldnt be equal to eachother...
That is assuming that the objects can be anywhere in the original 10 by 10 grid.
@@EugeneKhutoryansky If we know, as you state in the video, that the objects are confined to a smaller area within the 10x10 matrix, then it seems that should affect the probabilities.
Or maybe it depends on what probabilities we are considering, the probablity of arriving at a particular configuration, or the probabilty of guessing a particular configuration with some knowledge about the outcome.
Like, if I roll a 6 sided die without showing you, but tell you that it is an uneven number, the probability of arriving at a 1, 3 or 5 is still 1/6, but your probability of guessing correctly with the knowledge I gave you is 1/3.
Probabilities are tricky!
This channel deserves 5M + subscribers. Far better explanations than other players.
Thanks for the compliment.
This is how i explain to my mom why i did not do my room
Love your videos so much
Thanks for the compliment. I am glad that you like my videos.
Great video, as always, but as a chemist I couldn't help considering the breaking of the mirror as a "reaction" which increased the entropy of the room. Before the breaking, the microstates are restricted to different positions of the intact mirror through the room. After the breaking, there are now much more microstates associated with multiple distributions of the pieces. Wouldn't be more adequate to have begun for example with a pile of bricks which is hit by the ball? The organized pile would then be just a microstate equivalent to the dispersed array of the same bricks.
yeah i think the analogy works better with bricks. the molecular forces in a mirror mean that not all states are equally likely
This is your best video on Entropy so far!! ;) The delineation between micro and macro states is exactly the same as the emergence of properties like temperature, pressure, and entropy. This video is worth an entire semester of thermodynamics class... already subscribed but I am going to Patreon right now! Thank you so much for the effort you and Kira put into these videos.
P.S. I agree with Seduction Science, the cat is GREAT! If he has a Patreon account, let me know :)
Thanks for the compliment, and thanks for the donations on Patreon. I really appreciate the support. By the way, my favorite video on Thermodynamics is the first one that I made titled "Thermodynamics and the End of the Universe." I had wanted to talk about micro-state vs macro-state in that video, but I was not able to because that video already had so much information in it. Therefore, macro vs micro states had to have its own video devoted to it. And thanks again for the support on Patreon. It means a lot to me.
Thank you. This has bothered me since high school physics, especially because everyone has been screwing me with poor explanations using "disorder". For the first time I understand. Tears of joy. Thank you.
Is entropy increasing being necessary tied to the expansion of the actual space of the universe?
Technically, it is the expansion of available microstates of the universe. Volume is one way that is accomplished.
If we were to assume complete determinism, would that mean that entropy of the universe doesn't _really_ change, since the probability of every state occurring at any given moment would be equal to 1 (and probabilities of other, seemingly possible states would be really equal to 0)?
krzyszwojciech
Not really. If you assume the current interpretation of quantum mechanics to be somewhat accurate, determinism has its limits. Even if we conclude after the fact that something was completely deterministic, that doesn't mean it could have been predicted with 100% certainty. The 100% and 0% you are talking about is only applicable to what actually happened in the past.
An increase of Entropy is not defined as the change in the odds. It is the increase in the number of possible microstates that forms the macrostate. So even in complete determinism, where we know what microstates the system will evolve to, if the number increases so does entropy.
I think I get your point. So entropy by definition assumes taking into account all logically possible states rather than the actual ones?
*_If you assume_*_ the current interpretation of quantum mechanics to be somewhat accurate, _*_determinism has its limits_*_._
That wouldn't answer my question ;)
As for the QM and nature - I don't know. There are completely deterministic and coherent interpretations of the theory as far as I've heard - the uncertainty coming from limits in our ability to investigate rather than from the nature of reality itself. And QM might not even be the final theory.
krzyszwojciech
The checker board in the video explains it pretty well. Given a long enough period of time, the pieces will occupy every possible combination on the board. The progression of different positions can be completely deterministic or the progression can be completely unknown... that part doesn't matter. We say the entropy of that system is not changing. The pieces move around randomly or deterministically within their allowed states.
Does this make sense? If there is something I am missing in your question, please try and give me an example/scenario and hopefully I can still answer.
I agree with you on the quantum mechanics and I tend to support determinism myself.
Surely, this follows from your excellent exposition in this video.
It is >not< true that the entropy of the universe (or any closed system) can >never< decrease.
The second 'Law' is simply a statement of the statistical truth that such a decrease is very, very improbable.
The water in my glass could, by accident, arrange itself in such a way that half of it was hot, and the other half ice. No Law of physics would have been broken. But the chances of that happening are, to say the least, small.
If it is so improbable that you have to wait several orders of magnitude longer than the age of the Universe for it to happen, then this is pretty much the same thing as saying that it will never happen. I cover this topic in detail in my video at ruclips.net/video/vE82PDJB8ow/видео.html
+Robin Betts
"It is >not< true that the entropy of the universe (or any closed system) can >never< decrease."
Do you have an example of it decreasing in a closed system?
"The second 'Law' is simply a statement of the statistical truth that such a decrease is very, very improbable."
No, it is impossible. When people lock in to the statistical explanation of entropy, they often confuse a particular possible microstate as being a higher or lower entropy than another possible microstate. This is incorrect. An increase in entropy is related to an increase in the *number* of possible microstates. Once the number of possible microstates has increased, it will never decrease for a closed system.
"The water in my glass could, by accident, arrange itself in such a way that half of it was hot, and the other half ice."
This is exactly what I mean... if you are considering your glass a closed system, the particular arrangement of molecules is just a particular microstate. By talking about some other arrangement of the water molecules, you are only talking about another microstate... NOT a change in the number of microstates. The problem with your scenario is that the microstate you are talking about is not possible; a glass of water could never evolve into that microstate because it is energetically disallowed.
I dare you to explain to them two.
Teng Yuan
???? Explain what to what two?
Were you on drugs? read your post from 4 months ago. i dare you!
Thank you every much! I was always confused by the definitions in my language and this is the best explanation and definition that I have found in English and German. Great work!
Thanks for the compliment and I am glad my video was helpful.
Sophistry. Disorder is intuitive. We experience disorder in our own lives, knowing full well that the mess is not the way we want it to be.
What's the software used for the animation ?
I make my 3D animations with "Poser."
Its truly the best animation software! I hope Hollywood will soon adapt this style of making mind-blowing movies with such simple yet beautiful animations
You can use Cinema4D too, its easy for this type of animation, you can find inumerous tutorials about in RUclips. In fact, i've guessed that is the software used in this video.
I am skeptical of this explanation. Suppose you swept up the glass into a pile. Would that not mean then you have have decreased the entropy of the glass?
I think you would, and I see no problem in that.
To talk about "all the glass in one piece" being just as likely as it being shattered, begs the question. What is it for the glass to be in one piece? It is a construct of consciousness -- literally, psychologically or both. Consciousness is a missing part of this jigsaw. (panpsychism)
Abk Sema4Media gtfo
You need to put energy into that, and by doing so you oxidize some chemicals in your body, which woud increase your entropy, and the entropy of the universe
The entropy will still increase. Sure you decreased the entropy of the glass, but now the system also consists of the broom and you (because it is influencing the glass). To sweep you burn chemicals in your body. The gases released due to this (which you later exhale) have higher amount of entropy than the amount you managed to decrease for the glass. This is the beauty of thermodynamics :)
What a beautiful physics channel.
Animations & explanations are precise & copacetic, both your music & your narrator sound beautiful. Unlike some, I appreciate the slow pace.
Thank you so much Eugene. I look forward to more of your videos.
Subscribed.
Thanks. More videos are on their way and I am glad to have you as a subscriber.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics is a statistical law rather than a physical one. It's a law in the same sense as "you will not win the lottery every day for the rest of your life" is a law. It's technically possible for entropy to decrease in a closed system, just so unfathomably unlikely that it might as well be impossible.
Yes and no. I address this issue in detail in my video "Entropy: Why the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics is a fundamental law of physics" at ruclips.net/video/vE82PDJB8ow/видео.html
What about Poincare reoccurence
DUMB !
MartinMartin Martin no u
This video is wrong as it relates to disorder. This is because you leave out a key element, information. The glass is in a more ordered state and a low entropy state because it takes less information to describe the glass that's not broken. When you break the glass, you have a more disordered state and a higher state of entropy because it takes more information for me to describe the broken glass. If I open a deck of cards, it's in a low entropy state and ordered because I can describe the deck of cards by using just the suit and order of the cards. Once I shuffle the cards, they're disordered and it takes more information to describe the shuffled deck of cards.
It is not "wrong" because information does not have this relationship to disorder or to entropy. For example, suppose you vaporize the glass, and turn it into a gas whose molecules are evenly spread throughout the room. From a macroscopic point of view, this state can be described with very little information, yet this is the state of highest entropy.
Of course it does. Have you read any work from people like Hooft, Susskind or Maldacena? Entropy has a close relationship to information. In fact some will say entropy=information. If you were to vaporize the gas and the molecules are spread out across the room, it would be in a state of disorder and it would take more information to describe the molecules. The vaporized glass would also contain more information than the whole piece of glass because there's more ways to arrange the molecules. Look at your example of the objects on the checker board. If you place the objects in the middle of the board in a straight diagonal or horizontal line, it takes less information to describe it. If you place the objects on the corners of the board, it takes less information to describe it. These are low entropy states that are more ordered than if the objects were randomly placed on the board.
The problem is that the word 'disorder' has a much broader usage than just information theory. In the usage that most people attribute to the word, it is a subjective measure of 'messiness'. The typical example given is that of a 'messy room' which does nothing to describe entropy.
Saying that it takes more information to describe the glass vapor molecules is functionally equivalent to saying the number of microstates has increased. Both of these are _descriptions_ of entropy rather than definitions of it. Entropy cannot be defined at the microstate level, it is a macrostate variable.
This is just wrong. Entropy isn't just a macroscopic variable. Have you ever heard of the entropy of entanglement? If you don't understand entropy of entanglement, I suggest you read this paper.
Measuring entanglement entropy in a quantum many-body system
www.nature.com/nature/journal/v528/n7580/full/nature15750.html
A messy room does give an excellent illustration of entropy. A messy room would be one of higher entropy and it contains more information because it's more ways to order a messy room than a room that's already ordered and immaculate. Again, this is just an illustration of entropy and it's very useful to use with people who are just starting to learn about entropy.
Like I said, this video is WRONG. Each configuration is equally likely to occur at any given moment but there's probabilities associated with which events are most likely to occur based on order and disorder which is associated with information.
Just look at the deck of cards. It takes less information to describe a deck of cards in order. I just need to say A-K in 4 different suits of cards to describe an ordered deck. That's a small amount of information compared to the information needed to describe a shuffled deck of cards where information is needed to describe the position of each card.
jjay "Have you ever heard of the entropy of entanglement?"
Yes. It is a description of the _quality_ of an entangled state; it is a way of using information entropy but it is not a definition of entropy.
"A messy room does give an excellent illustration of entropy. A messy room would be one of higher entropy and it contains more information because it's more ways to order a messy room than a room that's already ordered and immaculate."
The problem with using 'messy' to describe entropy is that it is a completely subjective term. Suppose you walked into a room and it looked completely messy to you but the person who's room it is explained that that was the _exact_ state they wanted the room in? Then what you are calling messiness (and high entropy) is actually the 0 entropy state. How can you reconcile that with your description of entropy? A measure of entropy should not be dependent on the state of the observer.
"Just look at the deck of cards. It takes less information to describe a deck of cards in order. I just need to say A-K in 4 different suits of cards to describe an ordered deck. That's a small amount of information compared to the information needed to describe a shuffled deck of cards where information is needed to describe the position of each card."
The problem with using information theory to describe entropy is that it requires a context. When you ask the order of a deck of cards, you are asking a specific question. Depending on the content of that question, you may or may not need less information to describe the deck. If we are only concerned about the color of the cards, for instance, it takes even less information to describe a deck that is all black cards first then all red cards, we don't even need the suit information. So, in that case, a group of completely randomized black cards on top of a group of completely randomized red cards has LOWER 'informational entropy' than your 'more organized' deck. The REAL way to increase entropy of a deck of cards is to _add more cards to the deck_.
These things do not describe entropy in a clear, understandable way. ANY specific combination of 52 cards is only a specific microstate. It is EXACTLY as likely for a specific state to come out of a random shuffle as it is for the cards to come out in suit/rank order. This is why you cannot examine the microstate to see what entropy is, it is a macrostate variable that is emergent from the statistics of the system. It is really no different than examining temperature... you cannot describe temperature by talking about the specific energy level of one particle. You have to talk about the average _randomized_ energy and only in relation to the randomized energy of another body. You cannot tell the temperature of something by examining the speed/direction of one of its particles.
Your video is actually awesome .whenever i need feel on any topic i search you.Nobody can clear me ENTROPY,Now it's crystal clear to me after watching this.
Thanks. I am glad my videos are helpful.
Anyone who wants to learn more, read this book:
www.amazon.com/Thermodynamics-Introduction-Thermostatistics-Herbert-Callen/dp/0471862568
In my opinion this is the best book on thermodynamics you can get
Just watched TENET. So it's time to understand entropy
One of the best explanations of entropy in RUclips videos.
Thanks for the compliment.
This video is an excellent example of the use of probability and helps my understand of Quantum field theory based on the concept of a photon traveling from point a to point b and calculating the probability of its path. Therefore, the video helps explain Quantum field theory and the reason for the development of the feynman equation. Yes, I know we are discussing entropy, but I see a correlation.
So it's like "finding a needle in a haystack" where the haystack is all possible combinations, and entropy is the size of this haystack.
Yes, that is one way to look at it.
you deserve salutes...you are amazing..you really cleared all my concepts..when nobody even can .i am very thankfull to you..may god bless you with lots of happiness love
wealth..thanks a lot
Thank you very much.
But broken glass does have more entropy because there's millions of ways and arrangements for the glass to break, but there's only one way for the glass to be put back together in one piece.
I find this discussion particularly interesting. In a sense, the universe doesn't "see" or "care about" macro states*. But as humans, the macro states define our everyday perceptions, while the micro states were the elusive things we initially didn't "see".
* When you get down to it, in this way of thinking the universe doesn't "see" or "care about" very many types of things. The universe doesn't see phase changes or chemical reactions. It doesn't care when a particular atom finally fissions. And the reason it doesn't care is not because there are so many other atoms to look at, but rather because the universe doesn't see atoms either. Nor the neutrons within them. It sees the most fundamental things, and everything else is just a consequence of a handful of rules being followed zillions of times per second, all around us. We don't yet know all of the rules, but the better we understand those rules, the fewer there ultimately are. Most of the laws and formulas used in engineering, medicine and a host of other fields are essentially shorthand for macro states in complex systems that we've defined as important to our experience. But of course those laws and formulas are important. Counting individual quarks is extremely tedious.
Very nice video, getting rid of a misconception i had and at the same time being able to visualise the real idea is truly impactful for learning. Thanks for these videos!
Thanks.
This is definitely the best explanation I've ever seen on entropy re micro and macro states. Excellent work!
Thanks for the compliment.
Just writing this comment because you said it would help people find this channel more easily in youtube search.
Every comment is appreciated. Thanks.
Thank you Eugene. God bless with these videos.
Thanks!
Consistently high quality videos. You're amazing.
Thanks for the compliment.
Wow! Such a clear, precise, utterly elegant way of explaining physics... admirable!
Come on, lads, support this talented people!
Thanks for the compliment and for your support.
where's the cat, he's a nice mascot
The cat was too busy taking a nap to appear in this video.
Lmao dude
Too many micro-states of cats have them taking a nap I guess.
***** I see what you did there. :)
I was thought of entropy in term of information. An intact vase takes much less bit of information to describe than a shattered one. Hence the shattered one has a higher entropy.
I think the concept of 'increasing disorder' being associated with increasing entropy is a reasonable device for making entropy understandable to people who don't have a strong grasp of maths.
Bless you, your visuals with the explanations are amazing and really help us visual learners who struggle to understand concepts from a lecture with 300+ people
My use of entropy is correct. A universe spreading smaller in volume into itself eventually reaches a size where entropy decreases and energy is transferred from gravity into a faster spin and a single greater inertia.
The increase in the entropy of the universe is just another way of saying that it is getting increasingly unique. That is to say, it takes more and more information to specifically describe it. This also assumes that the universe will expand forever. It also assumes that there does not exist an equal amount of contraction perfectly counterbalancing expansion. I hold to the philosophy (and truth) that all things have an opposite. Whenever the universe is expanding in one location (if such a thing exists) then there is an equal amount of contraction in another location. From nearly every location in the universe it will locally appear to be expanding and the entropy will always appear to be increasing. When the universe is measured as a whole, the entropy will always be constant. In essence, we will always measure an essentially flat space.
nephi ratto the equation stays balanced
How do you know that all things have an opposite?
For me, however, this raises the philosophical question of what "happening" is supposed to mean, because in a future heat death in which all energy differences are supposed to be balanced, where are the possibilities that something can happen at all?
When you view in real close it doesn't look like disorder but when you realize the true scope of the area entropy is taking place in there will always be disorder. Even if you could eliminate known unknowns uncertainty still exists.
Much respect to your passion in what you do. Beautiful Videos shedding light on many beautiful concepts and ideas.
I hope you stay in the best possible states.
Thanks!!!
Best explanation ive ever heard after arguing with everyone the disorder is merely an opinion
Thanks. I am glad you liked my explanation.
SOMEON'S BEEN HITTING THE GLASS TOO HARD! TOO MANY 'SCIENTISTS' ARE GUILTY
Excellent and accessible discussion of entropy; rigorous, yet not mathematical.
Thanks. I am glad you liked my explanation.
Your videos are just great, with the concepts. Thank you very very much.
Thanks. I am glad you like my videos.
Beautiful music in the background and a very brilliant description of our physical universe. It has helped me to start preparing for the inevitable. Thank you for this video. The Universe is a mystery beyond conception.
Excellent exposition of a difficult concept. Thank you for clarifying many questions and misconceptions.
Thanks for the compliment.
First time entropy concept makes sense to me. I wonder how such a simple concept has been explained in so complicated and wrong ways!
9:08 is so far my favorite animation! Superb job piecing together the universe like that.
Thanks. I originally made that animation for my video "Infinite Universe?" at ruclips.net/video/IFdfrtzo4SY/видео.html
one thing that most of speakers about entropy omit to mention is that restricting matter into a combination "macrostate" with lower entropy can only be the fruit of intelligence. hence, the perception of order in such macrostate is correct and only legitimate.
so when we say "the entropy of the universe overall increases", it means because space is expanding, it means there are more and more possible configurations particles can make, therefore greater entropy
No, the fact that the entropy of the Universe is always increasing is independent of the fact that space is expanding. There are many other ways that entropy can increase, such as the fact that energy becomes more evenly spread out.
@@EugeneKhutoryansky oh, thank you for clearing that up!
It's important to note that entropy in that sense and the second law of td only applies to closed systems.
If i build an internal combustion engine from raw materials I have definitely decreased the entropy of whatever macro state frame of reference you would like to use but I'm only able to do that because I applied controlled energy from an external system (my 30 trillion emergently intelligent cells).
People of don't realize this important fact and it prompts them to think "if entropy is the case how come complex life was possible at all?"
Although technically my engine only "works" because of entropy (the combustion energy only moves the car because its going to destribution itself into the macro state that has the most microstates - in this case the wheels spinning and the car being in motion)
Thank you very much, congratulations for your video. Im from argentina and sometimes some words in english are incomprehensible for me. The traduction and the subtitles integrated into the video solve everything. Good work!!
Thanks.
The explanation is good on one level. But what is missing is an explanation of how moving from a lower entropy state to a higher entropy state is exothermic with regard to free energy.
I never really understood entropy until I saw this video. Great work!
Thanks. I am glad my video was helpful.
This was a fabulous video, the animations and the explanations were very clear and I finally understand Entropy clearly. Thanks alot!
Thanks for the compliment about my video. Glad it was helpful.
This video is a contribution to science and the rest of us. Thank you soooo much for clearing the entropy concept!!!
Thanks.
this is along the lines of what Frank Lambert argued for years - that entropy should be thought of as energy dispersal, not disorder. But in the real world, more energy dispersal and more disorder are virtually synonymous, no? Using your example, shattered glass is more disordered than the original glass sheet. The proper comparison isn't the specific arrangement of the particles before vs after, it's the specific arrangement before vs the combined set of possible arrangements after the glass is shattered.
There are far fewer number of ways that a bedroom can be arranged as to be considered "orderly" than the number of ways things can be scattered about as to be labeled "messy". People intuitively understand this. In keeping with this, it's much easier to break things than make things. I'm not seeing any real daylight between energy dispersal and disorder, but hopefully you can convince me otherwise if I am indeed wrong.
That first minute of video alone made me insta-like! I love that revelation (even though I already knew it).
Thanks for clearing the concept 😊
This is a brilliant video!
This video has the concept of entropy _almost, but not quite right!_
Still...
It is _so close_ to the correct concept of entropy, that I recommend it wherever and whenever I can!
Good work, Eugene!
I have a video devoted exclusively to Maxwell's Demon and the connection between entropy and information at the following link.
ruclips.net/video/8Uilw9t-syQ/видео.html
@@EugeneKhutoryansky
Ah! Thanks!
I shall watch it, and then I come back!
I wanted video about the entropy and I'm super grateful that you made one. I will have to check those linked videos as well.
Thanks. Though, this is actually my third video where I discuss entropy. The other two videos are the ones mentioned at the end of this video.
I guess I wasn't a subscriber back then. But anyway I have to catch up.
If level of entropy is set by the possible micro-states on a given macro-state: How can entropy increase inside that given macro-state?
If the increase of entropy is set because the macro-state grows, so it grows the amount of possible micro-states, if you have a closed system (so the macro-state is not growing) so it shouldn't grow entropy either.
I think I'm missing something... -_-