The Future of Life in the Solar System
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- Опубликовано: 9 сен 2024
- In five billion years, the Sun’s going to evolve into a red giant. That’s bad news for Earth, but exciting for some of the worlds a little farther out.
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Take a Tour of Jupiter and Saturn: • Take a Tour of Jupiter...
Europa: • Europa
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Oh man, that would suck... Imagine being part of a civilization on one of those moons. Your species has just developed to our current level of knowledge and you find out that the sun is actually close to wiping everything out.
Mathias Hey. It's not that bad when the Sun gets closer the habital zone will expand to pluto melting the ice making it habitable for life.
Choas To Mayhem Exactly. I mean when our sun gets too hot and it's getting cozy over there, I assume we might go there. If Europa gets too hot, we'll move even further out. If there happens to be native life, well.... historically.... uhhmm... _>
Thulyblu Hah! I imagine we would be living in different solar systems by that time! Though, I expect some people would stay behind in our solar system to witness the destruction of themselves and the system, the home where human life began (Or so I think so cause I do not). To be honest if there were 3 moons habitable one could inherit terrestrial life that could compete with ours over dominance over Pluto when the sun destroys the moons and Jupiter. By that time I hope we get along with each other and have saved all the historical documents of our home world. Most likely our species would well be advanced enough to not start a war before then... :/
Choas To Mayhem 5 billion years from now, humans as we know it won't exist at all. Evolution would have taken its course several times over before that point.
***** "we" don't go anywhere. Humanity, and likely any life in the solar system as a whole, will be long dead. Supernovas do tend to kill living beings pretty fast.
R.I.P. Earth.
Just getting it in early.
***** RIP in peace, Earth.
Hah.
LawffleCopter Can you explain why your wrote "in peace" after RIP
Ricardo vivas It's a joke.
OmegaEGGY But can you tell me were it got started
I bet someone said this about our planet 5 billion years ago.
Does anyone else have a RUclips addiction?
***** Dude, everyone does.
***** everyone does, and its legal!
cortster12 way to generalize an entire group of people; speak for yourself
***** I cancelled cable years ago
That's bec- holy TITS! RUclips really is the new BOOB tube.
i'm surprised scispace hasnt commented on the whole EMdrive boondoggle yet
There is so much out there we haven't come close to understanding... I have hope for that drive. It would be the first device to connect with unknown properties.
Ryukachoo What is there to say, other than everything about the drive is controversial, and testing is ongoing? No accepted conclusion has yet arrived.
puncheex2 absolutely nothing, i just want to see hank visibly distressed making strange faces
Ryukachoo Maybe once the test results are reproduced by a third party, then I'll pay attention. Until then, I'm predicting it's likely a fluke, much like the faster than c neutrinos from a few years back.
well, actually, its been reproduced by three other labs, one at a university in china. but they all had roughly identical test rigs so there may be something up with the rig
So which of the three all-ocean moons of Jupiter will have Kevin Costner?
Penny Lane Whatever its name is right now, by then it will be renamed BoxOfficeFlop
Penny Lane Reckon by then those moons will have thawed out like ice-creams & ended up dispersed into Jupiter's atmosphere!
Casually having an existential crisis whilst thinking about the end of humanity.
The sun dieing has *absolutely* nothing to do with the end of humanity... I don't know if you meant it that way, but I hate how some people link the two together... 5 billions years is a long time people!
a secret
Agreed. We'll either already be gone long before then or spread out across the whole galaxy. Even assuming faster-then-light travel is entirely impossible, a hundred million years is more then enough time for a our descendants to spread from one end of the galaxy to the other, let alone a few billion.
a secret Yeah, if humanity is still around at that time it would either have the technology to ''repair'' the sun or it would be so spread around the galaxy that it wouldn't even matter.
Brolom A Dyson sphere is always a cool idea too! Lets scrap the sun altogether and just use it for direct energy haha! :)
TheFalrinn Agreed. With the EM-Drive, if possible; it is said in it's earliest stages we'd be able to get to andromeda within 92 years by using it.
If you look at how far we have come in one thousand years, (heck this past one hundred years) could you imagine where we will be in 5 billion years? This is, of course; based on the assumption we survive that long.
I'd imagine us being something like The Q out of Star Trek at that point haha. It's too unimaginable! :)
And please, I'm not looking for pessimists. This is speculation on *possible* technological progress. Notice the *possible* please. I know and admit anything can happen. :)
It's cool imagining us in 5 billion years observing life develop (if it does) on these moons within our own original solar system. :D
a secret Nothing pessimist saying we will be extinct. Even if we don't just kill ourselves, our species will continue to evolve, it's also likely that we will be mixing human parts and machines parts. Our DNA will change naturally AND under human will. i'm pretty sure that in 20 000 years, homo sapiens will be a species from the past.
a secret
The vid is right about being devoured in 5 billion yrs, but I thought our oceans (and freshwater) were going to boil off in 1 billion?
Still, we could make TONS of progress. We've already sent probes, and planned manned missions (Mars One, in a couple years) to Mars. In a few thousand, we could have a colony, let alone a billion. So, we can buy ourselves some more time. :)
We'd still have to do some terraforming, and get Mars's magnetic field going again, but we're talking about thousands and millions of years from now!
Then, we'd have some time to figure out how to get further out, without using a murderous gas giant. We could hitch a ride on a KBO (Kuiper Belt Object) like pluto! The only problem would be Pluto's irregular orbit. If the expanding Sun doesn't change the solar system's center of mass too much, we'll probably have to use a different KBO. Then we'll have tens or hundreds of millions of years (depending on when it's done, how fast the sun expands, how fast it becomes a black hole) to figure out warp drives, or at least high-speed travel, and get to Alpha Centauri.
While we're in the Kuiper Belt-Oort Cloud area, we might even find a red dwarf (I think I phrased that wrong) which means that if we can handle the radiation, we could go to a KBO before the sun expands as far as it would need to. We could even go straight there from Earth!
Sorry if this comment is confusing. It's my little jumble of thoughts/ideas.
By that time we will definitely have warp drives and we will probably be in a completely different star system, or maybe even another galaxy
Isn't the Sun expected to increase in luminosity with about 7% in 250 million years, which will in effect render the surface inhabitable? That is quite a lot sooner then 5 billion years.
John Smith That just made my day.
John Smith he just came back from hell so the sun is kinda cold for him.
John Smith Nah, see, just stay on the night side and you should be fine. North Korea pulled of a sun landing.
katulobotomia she said the death of earth, not the life. Life on earth will die out before the earth will be devoured.
SteevyTable Will the next god emperor be called Kim Jong Sun who has arrived and landed by plane ?
This just makes other intelligent life somewhere in the universe almost impossible to rule out
Love the science you guys do here! Big inspiration on me and hopefully others. keep it up!!
"Look at all the progress we've made since!" ... yeah, it's been great up to the last 200,000 years or so.
I say, Titan and Europa sound like nice pit-stops to get were humanity will really needs to get and that's an earth-like exo-planet.
Wait, why are we not sending loads of various bacterial life to hospitable moons? Couldn't we send some life to a planet, see which (if any) species live, and then let them evolve, and check on them later?
Clay Eickemeyer Eventually, maybe. For the time being, we want to be very, very careful not to let bacteria hitch a ride to other worlds, so that if we find life we know where it originated.
Because we want to know if life already exists on these moons and we don't want to risk contaminating them with life from Earth. We want to know just how rare life is and if none, one, some or all of these moons harbor life, we'll have an answer.
Clay Eickemeyer I've had the same thought, and cOmAtOrAn has the answer. Still the thought of sending out life rafts with things like bacteria and water bears to escape some terrible fate befalling Earth just to ensure some sort of life survives is kind of neat.
departed402 Even better would be sending sleeper ships with fertilized embryos to habitable planets in other star systems and having the sleepers awake and raise the first few generations, and so on and so forth, while we use asteroid flybys to gradually "tow" the Earth out farther and farther. That would give us billions of years on Earth and pretty much 'til the end of the universe elsewhere.
Clay Eickemeyer that don't sound like a good idea... you may create SARS 2.0 like that
Very interesting! Well done Caitlin :)
Petition to get NASA to save funds to bring freeze dried people to titan-
Maybe 400 million years since life was on land, but didn't it take billions for life to start living it up on the first place? I would be surprised if life was able to form in such a short time.
More like 40-50 years
I'm a Christian, Deal with it World's best troll mayhaps
Just Another not a troll just someone who proved you wrong
I'm a Christian, Deal with it 40-50 years for what?
PajamaMan Life actually formed just a few hundred million years after the end of Late Heavy Bombardment, which would've repeatedly sterilized the planet.
Awesome idea for episode - so provocative and inspirational!
Havent you watched 2010: The Year We Make Contact!?
We are not allowed to enter Europa! :O
Still awaiting the events in 2010 (the movie) to take place and turn Jupiter into a 2nd sun and speed up this melting process.
When the habitable zone moves around Jupiter, the gas giants would expand from the extra heating as well
Over these billions of years, will that be enough time for Jupiter to cool and start emitting less hard radiation? Or rather... will it's magnetic fields (which I think are the root cause of the deadly deadly rads) have diminished by then?
It'd be fun to move to Europa, but not if Jupiter is still trying to sterilize it's surface on a regular basis.
That would probably be so beautiful. Jupiter and Saturn would be so big in the sky if you were living on those moons.
wow, I really would love to hang out or talk with these guys, they so flipping cool. COOLEST CHANNEL ON RUclips !!! DFTBA, GO SCISHOW :D
Me:sun is now a red giant
Earth :uh oh
I like to imagine that a few billion years ago an ancient civilisation had their own version of SciShow. Where the hostess informed the viewers that the habitual zone of the sun would soon reach this small planet called Earth. And it might be capable of producing life.
in school we only ever learned what would happen to the earth when the sun became a red giant, it's really cool to know what would happen to other planets too!
And now I imagine scientist on Europa arguing about whether the increase in temperature is caused by the growing of the sun.
Imagine how amazing it would be for the future residents of other bodies in the solar system, having just reached the capacity to observe the various planets, realizing that something about the earth seems to implicate that life had already existed sometime far in the past. Maybe they'll send a probe out and see the ruins of our civilization, maybe we'll be able to teach them some things about science, long after we're gone.
All we need are some Blue Lanterns and we're pretty much good for the rest of eternity.
You've forgotten; the only reason that oceans exist on Titan's surface is because it is so cold; at higher temperatures the methane oceans would evaporate off into space because Titan is too small to hold onto its atmosphere at close-to-Earth temperatures. The same goes for Europa; the atmospheric pressure on its surface is close to zero, and the melting of its icy surface would result in the internal oceans boiling away as well.
Hmm this seems a little fishy. As Titan warms up shouldn't the hydrocarbon oceans decrease due to the heat. Which is why there aren't any lakes at the equator because its too "hot" while the poles are cold enough to support the hydrocarbon lakes. Titan would then have to be colder in order for more lakes, even oceans to appear.
"I dont know what I'm supposed to do with my hands!"
I almost feel jealous. Imagine if all life on Earth dies, with no outside ventures to other systems, so we are all gone forever. We feel a lot of pride, and there's a lot of history to our little world. And imagine if intelligent life evolved on another planet or moon in our system, and it's just... They have no idea what it is that they're missing. All the things that have happened on just our little world. All the things we've done, all our history, and all the things we know (and will know in the future). It's almost sad. It's like your favorite book or TV show has this massive history to it, but it was destroyed in an accident and the writers never recreated it. Something potentially glorious, something you might've loved, is forever lost. It makes me feel a little sad. But I guess I'm biased as a Homo Sapien earthling.
It's very cool that human beings can calculate and understand the vastness of time without really being able to wrap our brains around it.
Cool video, here's my question wouldn't the low gravity of the moons just allow the atmosphere and oceans to be stripped about by the solar wind?
I'm so exited about what's going to happen to the moons, specially Europa, when the Sun turns into a Red Giant; even if I'm not alive to see it :-)
Beside the whole depressing part, I just think the idea of living on another planet or moon is amazing. We could be called the United Moons of Jupiter.
More videos like this please!
The look on peoples faces when I tell them that no matter what this all ends. Makes you feel small and insignificant. I know we are supposed to be better than that but in the end does it really matter
So much for the methane dudes when it warms enough to melt water ice!
I would expect that any human equivalent organisms on Earth (if there would be anything) would be developed enough, and have enough time to, gently nudge the Earth outward using a collection of Kuiper belt objects.
Don't forget the Milky way s Collision with the Andromeda Galaxy
Good thing I'll be long since dead by then. I REALLY wouldn't wanna watch the Earth die.
Um, wouldn't the water that melts from the ice caps evaporate into space, turning Europa, Ganymede and Callisto into little, dry husks of their former selves?
We've had a good run guys.
If Homo sapiens (or whatever we evolve into) last long enough it is very interesting to think about the possibility of migrating outwards in the solar system as Earth becomes uninhabitable.
We need to remember to come check on the kids, in a few billion years.
So, does this open up the possibility that Europa could become a small water-world? If the surface ice thaws, maybe a basic atmosphere can form and that'll make checking the moon for life a lot easier.
SciShow Space what about a new ice age? can we survive that?
We will still have seniority though. I say when new life evolves, we all go bully the new kids.
I'm just frankly surprised we don't have the means to redirect mars's orbit a few thousand miles closer to earth, or at least try to move small meteors to try to hit it to a closer orbit.
Imagine what a cruel joke it would be if an advanced intelligence developed on one of the outer planets just far enough just fast enough to realize that they only have 10 years left before the sun scorches their planet and all signs of life are eradicated.
Look out in 5,000,000,000 years.
I wonder what a methane based life form would be like? could it have cell structure like our own and just have a different way of getting energy or... I don't know enough biology to guess
i wonder if Europa will end up like that planet in Interstellar that had the huge tidal waves
OMG SUPER SMILEY LADY!!!
Cool video, it even gave me some ideas for my Doctor Who fan series lol
Hasn't anyone thought about life without water and extraterrestrials not needing water to live
Isn't the gravity of those moons to weak to hold liquid water and an atmosphere on the surface? As soon as it gets warmer the ice would just evaporate and only the rocky core would be left.
My jaw dropped when I saw how large the sun would grow, compared to how it currently is.
But it wont gain any more mass, will it? So does that mean all the mass that would make up that huge Red Giant is currently all heavily compressed inside the Sun right now?
Thats a poor argument, exactly because life got out of the ocean only 400 million years ago any life that could develop will only ever reach the one celled organism state. Good video though except that last joke.
maybe in other conditions (on other planets & moons) life can develop faster then it had done on Earth
I wonder if the possible lifeforms could evolve into civilizations capable of stellar travel. Earth humans may not even be legend or a life lesson by then.
i'm curious about the habitable zone in the earlier solar system. was venus within the habitabl zone long ago, has earth always been within it?
+jordan fink
Not that the sun was smaller earlier so that the habitable zone would be closer to the sun.
I think Venus was always in the "too hot" zone.
Wait... What about Enceladus?? You forgot Enceladus!
Wouldn't the lack of atmospheric pressure on Europa ruin the prospects of liquid water on the surface?
Alex Jamez Why would it?
Hank why do,you look like my science teacher
As part of the normal life as a main sequence star, the sun will heat up long before it becomes a red dwarf. In only about 500 million years, the sun will have heated up enough to boil away all of the Earth's oceans. Don't just take my word for it: look it up.
5 billion years is enough for finding those habitable planet instead of transferring with a non-habitable and impossible to live planet or moons
So in 5 billion years if we managed to survive for so long we just have to figure out how to get the earth in an orbit around Jupiter when the sun turns into a red giant. I guess it's doable if we have that much time. I am counting on you future mega grandchildren.
But will we be able to farm on Europa by the time Earth is uninhabitable? Or maybe Mars?
Is it getting hot in here or is it just me?
Oona Räisänen ? SUOMI MAINITTU TORILLA TAVATAAN!
You seem very happy about the world ending lol
I kinda wish I could be there to see Earth slowly get eaten up by the thing that started it all. Be pretty thought-provoking to say the least...
We will well move there
2:45 200K is the perfect temperature for liquid methane? the boiling point of methane is at ~112K so all the methane is long gone when the temperature on titan has reached 200K...
morrow The atmospheric pressure of Titan is higher than 1 atm, though. At those higher pressures, methane would stay a liquid even at higher temperatures, which is probably how they calculated the ~200K ideal temperature.
Won't these ice moons totally melt away and lose all structure?
the left hangs lower than the right today
i have to buy up all the land in space then my family will become extremely rich in 7 billion years
Would life really have a chance in Jupiter's radiation belts? I've heard conflicting stories about how much radiation Jupiter puts out into it's moons.
By then our planet would have exploded and we would have sent one lone survivor to a planet called Krypton, where he will exhibit super-Kryptonian powers and be like a god to them. wait... its the other way around. my bad
hmmm this has always been a point of interest to me.
if during our solar systems' orbit of the black hole in the "middle" of our milky way galaxy we don't come across an inhospitable zone of maybe asteroids, dust, perhaps a mass large enough to effect the suns gravitational pull, our inhabitable zone will be effect long before the sun starts to envelope us.
The earth and the planets orbit around the sun is slowing down and we are spiralling in towards the sun. We will move closer to the sun and become more like venus way before the sun enlarges and forces where we are at to become inhabitable.
I'm a little skeptical about this, actually. I mean, sure, the moons would be in the habitable zone. But remember: they are moons. They orbit a planet.
I can't even imagine how the climates of the moons would swing when they get into the habitable zone. Hell, the climate of Mercury, for instance, is super extreme already with night and day. On the sun-side of Jupiter, it might be alright, though it could be too hot depending on how big the orbits are. On the Dark-side of Jupiter, I would imagine that things would be inhospitably cold, as they wouldn't get sunlight then. However long these cycles/years (What would be there term for a moon "year"?) would just add to the mix.
Life may be possible on the moons in this future, but it seems like it would be impossible for that life to get very far. Asteroids in the asteroid belt, if they would be in the hospitable zone, seem much more likely candidates as they don't have a planet in the middle to block sunlight.
We need to devise a plan were we can push Earth's orbit further from the sun and always keep it in the Sun's 'Habitable Zone'.
Problem solved.
You're welcome Earthlings.
Technically, life can happen anywhere in the universe, yet they will not be similar to Earth's life.
A little bit dark but also good?
so whatever new planets or moons we go to, are those gonna become "earth" or does the term earthling die with this place?
Cough future Jupiter moon space war cough
so wait.. if theres no life there.. how will conditions for life create life?
could you imagine a rogue planet with high tectonic activity and a water/ice shell? the hydrothermal vents could allow for life to flourish and we'd never find the planet, nevermind the actual life.... aaah well
I wonder if that could happengto Earth one day
it'd get swallowed by the sun first i think
But without Europa's shell of ice protecting it from the vacuum of space, wont live not survive? Will the water above be enough to keep it protected?
Sonic Singularity
Yes, but solar radiation would split the water particles on the moons leaving behind hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen will escape into space, but the oxygen due to its higher mass will stay behind in considerable quantities at least on the larger moons like Titan.
true! I didnt even think of that
Funny she's so happy about this
Are those moons still there in 5 billion years? Also, Jupiter causes a lot of friction in Europa, heating it up... which means there is energy dissipation. This energy has to come from somewhere. From the kinetic energy (speed) of the moon maybe? Is the moon not slowly moving toward or away from Jupiter? Like our moon is moving away?
How long will the Sun be in it's Red Giant form?
How have you not done a video on the Emdrive yet?
Weird how we can agree on Climate change with other planets/moons, yet make our home an exception.
Long before we get to this barrier, there are others. One of them is the slow, inevitable absorption of gaseous CO2 by newly minted rocks. That is what is primarily responsible for the decrease in CO2 percentage of air since Cambrian times. Naturally, it also depends on the amount of rock available and where it goes after absorbing CO2. Ultimately, all the CO2 will be absorbed, and that means the death of plant life, not boding well for fauna either, leaving only anaerobic life to carry on.
We have shown that man can at least raise the available CO2 in the short term by freeing some of the mineralized carbon. In a few million years human engineering will probably be able to counter the threat, and according to one estimate there is about 500 million years to go on this particular clock.
Im sure the planets will of moved by then and the moons most likely will of been flung in to space.
So Europa, Ganymed and Titan do contain much water. Maybe even liquid water. But all of the moons are smaller than mars. So is not it more likely that they evolve like mars and dry out?
Mars dried out due its low gravitational forces. Europa, Ganymed and Titan should not have more gravitiy on their surfaces.
Therefore I am not that excited about the fact that these moon are going to be heated up in a couple of billion years