Reaction To 5 Things That Surprised Me in Poland
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- Опубликовано: 28 июл 2024
- Reaction To 5 Things That Surprised Me in Poland
This is my reaction to 5 Things That Surprised Me in Poland
In this video I react to culture shocks received by a foreigner in Poland regarding Polish culture and lifestyle
#poland #culture #reaction
Original Video - • These Are 5 (More) Thi...
I hate dubbing. Lektor is better. You can hear the original sound and translation. You don't even pay attention to the lector. I watch films in original sound if actors speak English but I don't speak other languages.
Lektor is like subtitles for those you cannot read. You have the advantage of hearing the original soundtrack and understanding the dialogs at the same time. I hope it will stay th way and will not be replaced with dubbing.
Some dubbings are good like rick but some are just sound better in original sadly its hard to make a good dubbing
Thats how i learned english thanks to hearing original voice and translated ❤
@@malgok9733 actually same but also through games i learned
@@DORA-ph7cv maybe it would be better to teach them to read then lol
lector is cheaper than dubbing and it is genius, good lector makes you feel like you understand dialogs of actors speaking language you don't know, dubbing kills immersion. watching American movies with Polish lector from childhood, I remember that westerns with Czech or German dubbing made me litteraly rofl.
For me lector kills immersion, dubbing is better, substitles way better. Lector is only good for documentary, becouse there are no emotions only facts :)
Z tego powodu, będąc w Niemczech nie mogłam oglądać filmów, bo oni wszystkie dubbingują. Tego się nie dało oglądać.
@@6vhgbbh595
Nie.
@@6vhgbbh595 Well, see what dubbing makes of the iconic "I'm batman!": ruclips.net/video/MsF_j_LqteA/видео.html
Dubbing is better for animated movies, lector is better for movies with actors.
On the subject of voiceover - I usually explain it this way: imagine that you are in a foreign country in a theater and at the entrance you are given a single earphone to your ear where during the performance you listen to the translation into your own language, but not dubbed but a single voice. After a short adaptation, you don't pay attention to the earpiece and the translator's voice and you get involved in the performance, continuing to hear the original dialogues, feeling their emotions, etc. and the voice in the earpiece only provides the translation. Now transfer this to television and the whole country, which needs only one translator. Watching, for example, "Terminator" you continue to hear the original Arnold saying "I will back !" while hearing the translation in Polish "Jeszcze tu wrócę !".
Although we have dubbing but in fairy tales and family films and the rest mostly to choose (streaming/DVD) either voiceover or the original with subtitles. Well, and the original is usually surround and the voiceover only stereo.
Lector reads a translated text, which has to be prepared before the recording by a very skillful translator. There are many of them.
Yeah. Audio captions. I prefer it over anything else.
@@Golombonot at all, actually. Audio captions still feel super wierd in polish(at least for those, who dont have to use them, cuz of health problems). Voiceovers are really immersive, if youre used to them and its your native language. Dubbing cuts off the feeling of realism in movies with not natural lips movement and such, also loosing actors' voices. For subtitles you need a good sight and to keep focusing on reading them, loosing some of the visual part of the movie, also making it a bad choice as a chill activity, as you can not do anything else, than reading the subs. Also some of the lectors are just masters of their art, they act with their voices with such subtlety, that it makes it disappear-making you understand actors and also feel all the emotions, just as they played it, hearing their real voices-not the lectors voice at all.
Lektor is awesome idea. I can hear the emotions from the original dialogue with lektor translating to Polish.
Though it become relatively less common. Mostly used in documentaries and second tier movies.
The story with voice-overs is this: in the 1950s, Polish television did not have money for dubbing. Cinemas added subtitles at the bottom of the screen, but on a TV screen the letters were too small for many people. So it was decided to use a lektor who simply translated the dialogues. At the beginning the lektors tried to convey emotions with their voices. But it didn't work at all. So they started reading dispassionately - it was much better because the original voices could be heard in the background, so the emotions were conveyed by the actors and the lektor stopped being noticed after some time. Poles have become so accustomed to lektors that even modern films on streaming platforms have their versions with lektor
3:32 Yes, there are advertisements for medicines, but only those for which a doctor's prescription is not required, e.g. for headaches, colds, etc. Medicines that can only be purchased if prescribed by a doctor cannot be advertised.
14:57 it's true with names 😁 there are names that are passed down from generation to generation. Hence the tradition of celebrating name days. I have two names: Wioletta Anna (Violet Ann in English). Wioletta is quite a rare name. We never use middle names in everyday life. Polish law prohibits giving children names that may be harmful to the child. This rarely happens, but the office may refuse to give the child a name chosen by the parents if it is, for example, ridiculing the child.
The coldest winter was -41*C in 1940, the hottest summer was +40,2*C in 1921.
And generally -30 to +30 is what you should expect. Though last winters were quite hot.
Summers tend to be very hot 30-35 degrees. Winters arent that cold these days.
Wczoraj bylo -38C i nie mialem problemu aby isc po lakocie do sklepu nawet mialem frajde bo bylo malo ludzi na ulicach.Alberta,CA
There are 2 differences between "Lektor" and "dubbing"..
1. Lektor is not acting. He is reading the text.
2. You can hear original actors in the background.
Lector (pol. lektor). Yes it is the thing in Poland and we even know lectors by name (like Krystyna Czubówna, Tomasz Knapik, Maciej Gudowski et cetera). But we have the dubbing but usually in animated movies for kids and family movies.
true
Polish lector is awful. There is only one thing worse than that and it`s dubbing.
5:36 problem with weather in spring and fall is that it is changing all the time durring the day. so we take more clothes then needed and add or remove layers when needed
I'm happy about three things, that there said in this video: 1. That dubbing in Poland is not accepted, I prefer a lector. 2. Thst the milk bars have been preserved. 3. That Polish law prohibits naming children, for example, "Batman".😁
In Bar Mleczny food is always very tasty. Always. I don't know why... very cheap and very tasty, magic. It is not common place to eat but still you can go to Bar Mleczny.
Competition in the form of Vietnamese bars, kebab stands, and other fast food places, finished off those of Milk Bars where the food was untasty. They went bust by around 2000.
About polish stand-up you should watch Piotrek Szumowski. He has few short shows in english but with polish spirit.
2:16 yeah but I always enjoyed the concept cuz u can still hear the og actors' voices n it's kinda nice - so there's no way a bad dubbing will ruin your experience
Summer in Poland is often 30-35 Celcius. 20-22 degrees is the most common temperature inside buildings. During winter we wear very warm clothes, often many layers. I live in thr UK now and it's cold for me most of the time. Houses here, in the UK, are badly insulated so heating is very expensive. I was very surprised that for many people here, 17 degrees inside their homes is not too cold.
Ale jaja jak bym miał taką niska temperaturę w domu =żona już by mnie zjadła, nie no nie - min. 20 stopni a dobrze 22 stopnie. W domu ja chodzę np. cały czas w koszulce z krótkim rękawie.
Where do you live that summers are 'often 35 celsius'? That's a heatwave!! I'd say oscillating around 28-31 C is the 'normal' hot weather and then you begin to get heatwave alerts and advice to stay inside if you're older or sick..
@@bluefox5331 July in Poznań is easily around 35 for most of the month with heatwave being around 40. I actually miss the good old pomeranian "bad summer" where I don't need to fear stroke walking outside.
@@bluefox5331 Poland can be surprising hot in the summer even if for short time. It is due to wind from Africa.
Same here, I have always had my room in Poland heated to 20-22 degress and sometimes even warmer in the winter. When I moved to the UK I found their houses very cold and it took me a long time to get used to it. Now, after many years in the UK, I am fine with temperatures of 18-19 degrees in the house, but I still need a warm room at night (in UK the heating is switched off at nights, even when it is -5 outside)
I like to watch your reactions. I am Polish and I moved to London eight years ago, I enjoy people and the country, unfortunately I got no skills to make similar content about UK.
I live in a relatively upscale neighborhood in Warsaw and our local bar mleczny is always packed! It's not only cheap and quick but it's essentially comfort food.. Everyone likes it, from the old to the youngest.
We have dubbing only for animated movies. Mostly. Sometimes movies with actors have dubbing but it is very rare.
O czym ty bredzisz większość największych filmów ma dubbing zarobki pokazuje ze dubbing przynosi większe zarobki
I've heard so much about these milk bars, but I've never seen even one in my life. I am 38 years old, Polish.
Now there are few if them in Warsaw. Few years ago one bar next to the University of Warsaw was closed. In 2004 you could meet there students, pensioneers, foreign tourists and homeless people - sometimes even sharing one table.
Kabaret Neonówka "Niebo" (Heaven), top of the toppest , the winner of 30-years ranking, you will laugh and cry.
ruclips.net/video/z_p5_bLLkFU/видео.html
Trzeba spróbować koniecznie tych dań: 1)schabowy, ziemniaki i młoda kapusta2) mielony, ziemniaki i buraczki czerwone. Polecam.
I think you may be interested in "Trzonolinowiec we Wrocławiu", it is quite a unique building, it began to rise from the top floor and grew downwards.
Most popular stand up is made by abelard Giza "numer trzy" or "trzymajcie kapelusze"
Most popular does not equal with the funniest.
Lektor is like subtitles - once you get used to it, you stop noticing it exists.
My friend, the best Polish comedy series is called "Alternatywy 4" from the late 80's. The intro is so funny that you won't make it through the rest of the episode lol
In Poland they can only advertise medicine that doesn't require a prescription (unlike in the US) because if the doctor doesn't have to prescribe it then people can make their choice like with any other product they buy.
I think the lector thing is very good because it gives you a free lesson of English language. You can hear and learn the diferent English accents from all over the world. So for myself it is very educating as well.
I like voiceover more than dubbing. Owing to that we know all the iconic quotes and actors' voices, such as Schwarzenegger's "I'll be back" or "Get to the choppa".
In Poland we got usiali between 38°C to -15 and somtimes one on two tree Years we got on few days -20 to -25°C
Btw watch this and others theis video's grom Polish food ruclips.net/video/eivvkKTJark/видео.htmlsi=MICZgdHLFu8vEUIW
I think Polish humor is a special one, just like British. I´m living in Germany for 10 years now, I´m working for a public administration (almost only Germans here) and my husband is German... I can now write a whole book about, how Germans don´t understand Polish sense of humor :-)
"Dzień Świra" is a GREAT polish film. It's a very dark comedy about living in the late 90s Poland
And it is available with English subtitles.
Good lectors are the best :) There are some polish legends but u also got normal dubbing with polish actors or celebrities. About weather i love all seasons in Poland, spring is best for me, summers a little bit too hot sometimes and winters are beautiful when there is snow.
Przychodzi mechanik do baru i słyszy od barmana:
Siadaj Pan mów co chcesz i ile mililitrów
Mechanik usiadł zastanowił się chwilę porządnie i mówi:
WD-40
A mechanic comes to a bar and hears from the bartender:
Sit down, tell me what you want and how many milliliters
The mechanic sat down, thought carefully for a moment and said:
WD-40
Explanation: WD-40 is a kind of lubricant, when pronounced it sounds like "wude". Wude is the inflection of vodka in the genitive case.
There is also a stereotype that Polish builders and mechanics like to drink a little alcohol while working, as the saying goes: To the glass and to the scaffolding
In Polish jokes we often use so-called "word games". This means that a certain word (pronounced or written) has a completely different meaning in a given situation, or one word contains another.
The English word for "word games" or "word jokes" is "puns".
Dobry lektor jest lepszy niż głupi dabing 😂
Dokładnie. Już wolę oglądać z napisami niż z dubbingiem. Psuje całą przyjemność z oglądania o.o
"Zimmo,k*wa brrr"😂😂😂 it is so Polish! We are overdressed beacuse we are always ready for snow or rain or strong wind. This is Poland baby,even in Summer you never know! :p For example: October 2023- one day 30*C next day... snow 😂
Można bez tego "k@a".
@@movemelody1 No ja akurat tez jestem team "bez k*wa" ale prawda jest taka ze w przypadku mrozu jest to stosunkowo popularne słowo.
Rodzinka pl.
Polecam serdecznie
Zalecam Ci ewentualne odwiedziny w drugiej części miesiąca maj. Jest, jak w raju, jeśli nie trafisz akurat pechowo pochmurnego czasu. Zazwyczaj jest ładnie.
Rafal Paczes is one off the best stend up comedian
Correct :) but there are no english subtitles :(
Paczes? Really? Is someone who constantly say kurwa and kurwa but nothing else funny to you? Paczes is so overrated and he never made me laugh.. cheap cabaret for undemanding people.
I hate dubbing in movies. When I am in Italy and I hear italian dubbing for example LOTR it sounds so funny and I can't focus on the movie. Orlando Bloom speaking italian or polish? Bizzare. 😂 Lector sounds much better beacuse you still can hear orginal voice. For example Legolas have Orlando Bloom voice. Lector and orginal voice in almost the same time it is magic of Polish TV. Lectors doing amazing job.
👍I hate dubbing.
in spring its about 17-25 celcious in summer up to idk like 35 at max in autumn it stays about 19 in winter it can be even below -6 thats it
We have 4 seasons in Poland. Unfortunately, most of the year is cold or very cold - 20 degrees Celsius. In summer it is warm, sometimes +32 degrees Celsius. True, Poles don't like the cold xD
Milk bars still exist, they used to be very cheap because they received subsidies from the state. Thanks to the milk bars, I didn't die of hunger during my studies xD Indeed, the Polish sense of humor is similar to the English one, we really enjoy Monty Python. Firstly, because we lived in the absurdity called communism, and secondly, we had censorship, so the jokes were based on associations, cultural references, wordplay, etc. And it's hard not to have a dark sense of humor when someone is constantly attacking your country ;)
I love our lectors, we even know their names and even they are speaking on our buses, metro etc. Instead of that, when I listen to them and listen original language..I think I can learn more :)
Weather in Poland? Of course depending on the region, and climate changed a little bit, but at winters it was even -40, mostly -30 at harsh winters. Currently we have winters around -20, today at center Poland we have -8. Summers are getting hotter each year, heights around +40. Mostly around +30.
I've lived in northern Scotland for few years, and I loved your weather, because I'm better at tolerating colder that hotter aura.
You can try to watch Piotrek Szumowski he is a Polish comedian grow up in UK he speaks English but jokes are a polish mentality
Dubbing,.... it's a nightmare lol
I went to Poland back in 2018 first time after twenty five years and when I heard dubbing on tv again I freaked 😮😮
I wished it was subtitles and I could off turn it off and half of the content is missed in translation.
When it comes to drugs commercials it's the same here in the United States.... There's literally a pill for everything 😂
Cheers good videos 👍
We have Polish dubbing but in most of older movies have lektor. We have a lot of medicine ads. In my region of Poland temperatures are between 35+ and -10 Celcius.
Tendencies toward communism are more likely in older generations but in Poland 90+% of people despise PRL (Polish Peoples Republic).
Last winter in Poland was 15 years ago.
2:00 a good example is how the Polish narrator covered the original of the famous scene in *"Barrack Boys"* where the worn-out *"up my f**k, live is great"* was brilliantly replaced by; *_"Ku*wa, jest w pytę!"_* , and see the rest for yourself;
( ruclips.net/video/1-xsh7P4MAc/видео.htmlsi=fYLbQUofQMhqQlAD )
Już tyle się dowiedziałeś na temat Polski. Musisz koniecznie przyjechać przed świętami do Krakowa albo Wrocławia albo do Zakopanego ale tam to pewnie będzie tłum ludzi ale widoki niezapomniane, pyszne jedzenie i picie... Szczególnie śliwowica
Im Love British sarcastic its like in Poland
Wheater in poland is easy to describe: summer is hot af, winter is cold af spring and atumn are muddy af
Wiedźmin plus głos Żebrowskiego = Jedyny dubbing, który zniosę i bez którego nie obejrzę Wieśka
About comunizm you only will hear old people who still remember those times sometimes say that "Za komuny było lepiej" > "During comunizm it was better". And architecture, it would be not worth it to just rebuild these buildings.
You always hug a birch tree :-) not others in my area. But if any other kind relaxes you, go for it!
My name is Agnieszka and it was very popular when I was born. There were 4 of us in one class. Today I hardly ever hear this name in a kindergarten.
In the 80. in primary school we also had 4 Agnieszkas in my class. Children from nearby villages went to this school. About 20 people in a class. But all Agnieszkas were from my village.
Mert when you are going to visit Poland? Did you planned ahead already?
About the stand-ups: check Piotrek Szumowski- he is Polish but he makes a lot of shows in English :).
Weather in Poland is like from +38*C to -15*C. 20 years ago was like -25*C
In Poland, temperatures in summer sometimes approach the magical limit of 40 degrees, and in winter they reach -20.
I remember winters with -28 here in Kraków.
I am Polish and i live in Scotland. I hate weather in Scotland specially when is raining and windy and all go to your face :D
Stand ups - Wiolka Walaszczyk, Rafał Pacześć, Łukasz Lotek Lodkowski.
2:25: Kids' shows and movies tend to be dubbed from what I remember. Cinemas use subtitles, Lektor is a TV thing. It's a neutral voice, with the original voices played at a lower volume.
5:30: Summers are usually in the 25-30 degree range and can hit 35 degrees on some days.
8:50: They were subsidized during the communist era and most went bankrupt during the transformation to free market. Some remained and are still subsidized, and there's been something of a resurgence in the 2010s.
thank You again. My best stand up performer is Lukasz Lotek Lodkowski
Yes, there are indeed two kind of movies. Ones with lektor and one with a dubbing. A dubbing does not have to be explained. Just a bunch of voice actors replacing the original voice of the actors rom the movie. The lektor works differently. Lektor speks in the background, so you can hear both the original actors e.g. in English, and the lektor in Polish, in parallel. Lektor's way of speaking is very calm, no emotions, and constant speed.
Jedzenie w barach mlecznych jest po prostu smaczne i proste. Do tego tanie
(ENG) Great episode. But I wonder: why am I so drawn to watch these types of films? Is the name Poland itself like flypaper? Or maybe I'm just interested in the episode mhh. Who knows...
(PL) Odcinek super. Lecz się zastanawiam: dlaczego mnie do tego typu filmów tak ciągnie do obejrzenia? Czy sama nazwa Polska jest jak lep na muchy? A może po prostu mnie odcinek interesuje mhh. Kto wie...
lulz, koleś ja myślałem że ty napisałeś "Polska jest jak ulotka." (flyer...) nie ma w angielskim takiego idiomu że "coś jest jak flypaper",.. ale spox. xD
@@KorowodCalyTen mój angielski jest kali jeść kali spać. dlatego wolałem po polsku jeszcze napisać
@@BartekPll "Tag '#Poland' acts on me like honey on bees." - coś takiego by anglik prędzej zrozumiał. :P
@@KorowodCalyTen aaaa
The story is simple You can hear voice of oryginal actor and u hear the traslation Best thing is a picture made by @robert I love when Arnold say:"I'll be back" With dubbing all movie will be without soul.
The winters are supposed to be snowy here, I wouldn't say VERY cold because I associate that with below -10C all winter... but because climate change and stuff the last winters were pretty crazy. Last year we had two weeks where I am where it was 10 C. Plants started waking up and growing in the middle of winter... The only snow we had in my area was right at the beginning, about a week or two, and it snowed up to my knees and stayed at around -10 C for that period of time... then all the rest of winter, rain, rain, rain and gloom. I would have had more walks if I knew.
For summer the first number that pops into my mind is 30 celcius. Little lower, lower when rainy, a liiittle higher.. if you go up to 23, 33, 35... that's considered extreme and you will be advised to be cautious while outside or even stay inside if you're one of the groups that are more sensitive to heat (elderly, people with certain conditions, small kids)
Like I was said before watch męskie granie you will be love it !
Lektor 👍
He is spot on on the cold tolerance thing
"Polish Legends" was an interesting form of advertising on YT and had nothing to do with television
When you read names like Michalina, Stanisława, Józefina you are almost sure that the girl is either below 7 years old ir above 80 years old. In my class there were 5 Annas out of 18 hirls, and in my sons' classess there isn't even one. Fashions change.
the weather... +35 -35. depends
The highest temperature this year was something around 40°C in July
Now u need to learn more about the Battle of Vienna, I recommend these two films: first is "The Battle of Vienna, 12 Sep, 1683 * Poland saves Europe from Islam * Polska ratuje Europę od Islamu" you can make one film with a reaction to both at the same time because it is actually one whole - the speech of the Polish priest gives additional meaning to this battle, so it cannot be missing and its in second one named "The Polish charge that saved Europe from Muslim c" hope u will do this :)
We have Cezary Pazura...we calling him Polish Jim Carrey 😀
7:20 When it comes to the younger generations they do have it, but it's more like the western view of how 'good' we had it.
Usually during the summer its like between 23/25 up to 36 *C Winters now aren`t that cold so it`s between +10 to -16*C
So about the weather
It is pretty haywire most of the time to the point it can snow on Monday rain on Tuesday and be extra sunny and hot on Wednesday, but most of the time it goes smth like that:
January - March - mostly cold
April - May - it gets generally warmer but you still might be surprised with unexpected snowfall
June - September - it’s either pretty warm or extremely hot (especially in July and August)
October- December - it gets progressively colder again
So yeah that’s how it loosely goes, and as to answer your question about the extremes:
Winters can get so cold that showing an inch of your skin may lead to being ill
I still remember when this winter came unexpectedly early and i had to fall asleep in socks, two pairs or trousers, two tshirts and a hoodie over that and all that under two pretty warm sheets. Keep calm and be Polish i guess.
As for the summers, yeah sometimes temperatures reach such levels that we get alerts to stay in our homes especially around noon.
And last but certainly not least, we poles are very weird and diverse creatures so i would be weary of asking us about the temperature
No matter if it’s way below or way above the 0 Celsius you could still see a person in a t shirt and shorts and a person with a hat, jacket, long pants and boots on the same street.
So yeah
Just trust your own judgment and expect the unexpected!
Cheers from Poland mate.
Re lectors reading the subtitles..it's used only on television (cinemas always have subtitles except for children's movies, which are dubbed) and I find it much easier on the ear than dubbing. You just stop noticing it after a while whereas dubbed movies sound false. Even now, when I watch movies in streaming, I prefer the original version with subtitles rather than dubbing.
Thanks to lektor, I learn some english back days.
3. Lektor exists bcs traditional tv is watched mainly by Old people, they usually don't speak any English. Young people watch streaming services in original language, usually English.
masz chorą wyobraźnię
If you want to know about that "darker humour" watch some movie from Daniel Midas. He is also a stand upper.
As far as I am aware, you are only allowed to advertise over-the-counter medicine, anything that needs to have a prescription from a doctor does not have advertisements which I think is associated with US. So you'll see ads for supplements, painkillers, more supplements, stuff that's supposed to boost your immunity or make you recover from illness faster... more supplements...
Bruh, my name is Kuba, and i can confirm 😂
4:36 I feel like it's true and not true at the same time xd I love cold weather, i hate summer and when i was in high school my roommates hated me for leaving window open during in the winter, and im not even comparable to some of my friends, who i've seen walking in shorts in the late November. On the other hand now im living in the city on the western side of Poland (which is the warmest part) and people dress like they were on the freaking north pole, when light coat is the warmest thing i even have in my wardrobe at this poin xD
you need to watch "SAMI SWOI" all 3 parts
6:00 winter ~ 0 to -10deg, summer 25-35deg
Regard cold. It was not really a thing in last years, but when there is cold in Poland it is a DEADLY COLD!
It is why Polish people are overly sensitive, because when winter hit it can go quite fast. For example few day ago a teenage girl freeze to death on the way to school. It is why Poles may see bit triggery, it is not because we can't deal with cold.
Pole simply need to be ready when bad things come from the East.
Watch Piotr Szumowski. He is a Polish Stand-uper performing Polish humor in English
Yes polish tv is great once you turn your tv off
After 8 pm you get adverts with drugs and beer, after 10pm viaga 😂.
2:25 this is not dubbing. there is one voice for all actors and original voices are in background
Watching Trailer Park Boys without lector should be considered war crime
in summer sometimes hit 37c here =dddd
Temperature in summer is hotter then Spain I live in UK and it's to hot for me last time I went to visit my mum it was 46 in winter yeah freezing cold
- 20 is not very cold, cold is under - 30 ( e.g. Suwałki)
The lektor is reading in polish over the original language of the movie and is faine , but problem starts when you understand both languages, nightmare you listen both languages and it get confused, yes in Poland they advertise medicine , but likely we don't have too many commercial brakes like USA.
It is not nighmare I like it :) Sometimes I think "I could transalte better" 😂
Ironic and sarcastic humor is throughout this region. It is similar in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Miodowe Lata. It's a Sitcom, based on American Honeymooners. I recommend.
Lektor - this is just dubbing only done by 1 person who gives voice for all the characters in the film. I really hate it , but surprisingly some people like it and even prefer it to subtitles or normal dubbing