Why did the Caliphate of Cordoba Collapse?
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- Опубликовано: 5 окт 2024
- The Rise and Collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba
By 756, the remaining Umayyad leader, Abd al-Rahman I, outright refused to acknowledge the authority of the Abbasid Caliphate. Instead, he managed to depose the Abbasid rulers in the area and proclaimed the capital of Umayyad Iberia, Córdoba, to be an independent emirate, known as the Emirate of Córdoba. Much to Rahman’s pleasure, he was able to do so without much pushback, and he and his descendants became the rulers of this new Emirate for many decades to come. While these emirs technically only ruled over Córdoba itself, many of them actually extended their authority throughout more of the peninsula.
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A History of Spain (Palgrave Essential Histories)
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#History #Documentary #Spain
Really nice of you to talk about history without picking a side
Thank you so much for watching!
@Matricx700 exactly
Santiago!
I agree it is easy to take the christian side here since they eventually won. However this isn't taught properly in portuguese schools
@@RodolfoGaming They lost at the beginning and won in the end because the lack of Muslim unification.
If you think Game of Thrones was fun, you´re gonna love Spain after the Caliphate dissolved and everything split into small Taifa kingdoms who fought each other as much as the Christians who were even allies sometimes
The difference is Christians helped each other, we didn't
@@semregob3363 Bit later they again rivaled themselves
@@semregob3363 thats a joke right because helping each other has a different meaning with politics
@@semregob3363 The same thing happened with italians after they managed to break free from HRE's authority.
The Umayyads were bastards. That's why they lost Spain.
"Do not be so deceived by hopes and wishes that you neglect to strive”
-Imam Al Qurtubi (Andalusia Scholar)
Good wisdom!
@@Knowledgia Yes please let us know how you make these maps
"Scholar" lol
@@alvaroponce709 I'm sorry but what is with the lol!?
@@ahmadnurzam7402 prob never heard of that word before in his life. poor guy
Huge mistake at the beginning: muslims never conquered the entire peninsula. One region in the north, the equivalent today to the provinces of Asturias and I think a bit of Cantabria resisted the invasion.
In fact, muslims advanced to the north by the east, going into France.
was looking for this comment so I didnt have to comment myself :)
To be completely precise the muslims used to conquer almost everything in Iberia at some point because Gijon, which is in the Gulf of Biscaye, also had a muslim governor for some years prior to a great revolt in the North after Covadonga.
The reason why Muslims lost Iberia was because of the Great Berber Revolt, many Berbers were oppressed and received lesser pay, received dry and cold lands, when the Berbers revolted they abandoned their garrisons and went even back to Morocco, Algeria, this created a vacuum which the Christians filled with ease
Exactly Yo but what do you expect from a politically correct channel that wants to avoid offending muslim pride at all cost? On other channels they basically saying that al andalus became an industrial center and was a heaven for everyone
@@alejandrosotomartin9720 what everyone misses is that Don Julian , with pretender visigothic noble: witiza, wanted to overthrow the Roderic regime so went to Ceuta (Septa at the time) and went to ask the ummyyaadds for help.
After guadalete, (which could had been avoided if the visigoths just alesian style the berber camp) the only resistane was in the walled cities by militias (not soldiers, MILITIA) and they resisted successfully, but the jewish communities (who suffered a lot under visigothic rule) opened the gates of the cities they were and like this it was a very fast conquest.
That explain why jews were so well treated most of the time during muslim HISPANIA
The real nature of muslim Spain is so different of what most people claim
Asturias was too underdeveloped to have been conquered, mostly mountainous regions
The last time i came this early the Visigothic Kingdom had its capital in Bordeaux.
That was before Theodoric allied Romans against Attila, but he was killed
too early
Nah i heard it was Burdigala
lol
At the time of the Muslim invasion of south France, Bordeaux was an independent land, ruled by Odo duke of Aquitaine .
He have won the big battle of Toulouse , killing the Muslim leader.
The lost for Muslims was so hard, that they made a peace time, and Odo marrying with a Berber princess.
An he is at the source of the battle of Tours, by calling Charles Martel , who was a political enemy , against Muslim invasion of his lands.
Corboda- This is preposterous, I am getting invaded from all sides, even my fellow Muslims!
E. Roman Empire- First time?
It literally how every empire fall
Everyone wants to own a piece of the Rock.
The religion of peace.
@@patriciapalmer1377 If you want these people to reflect a whole religion which is basically the equivalent to Confederate States representing America
@@patriciapalmer1377 lindus
Why did the Caliphate of Cordoba Collapse?
Short answer: *Internal unrest and internal power struggles between the Muslims and a touch of the Reconquista gave them the rest!*
Aha! The Caliphate of Córdoba collapsed because the Caliphate of Córdoba collapsed! (Also, those accents actually mean something)
Yeah. The local peasants didn't exactly take kindly to seeing their young girls enslaved for the nearest harem and expected to pay a jizya tax to boot.
You would date the "Reconquista" back to the first decades of the 11th century? How do you figure that?
@MB you don't know what what you're talking about. A fellah is a fellah (peasant) and if you were not muslim you were even less. Most people were extremly poor and illiterate and lived in the countryside. People living in cities with access to hamams were a small minority. There was nothing democratic about this society. That doesn't mean that up north things were better but yes, back then if you were not Muslim you had to pay. My ancestors in the Middle East have suffered quite a few things for being Christians. The history of minorities in the Middle East is the history of losers as Amin Ma'aloof said. It's not something inherant to this civilization: belonging to a minority anywhere in this world is a possible danger. Let's not be innocent and believe that racism is a western invention. You want racism, you'll find it anywhere.
@MB not true, we paid for protection and were better off converting. It's a gradual and very slow genocide of minirities. Don't whitewash your history. Muslims were better than the Spanish or English in the Americas but they were no angels. Anyway, have a good day brother and I am glad that you hate racism and consider all humanity as worth of respect.
Meanwhile,
10 yr old caliph : *study science & algebra
Castille, Leon, Aragon, Navarre : "pst, hey boy, wanna learn some reconquista?"
Aah thats why morocco is known for science and math...
Anyway arabs re far better than turks
@@Vladklx what Morocco has to do with the subject ?
@@user-tg1ij6xp8w i mean they r the ones who conquered Spain
@@Vladklx lol Morocco that time didnt exist it was just a part of the barbary coast
@@user-tg1ij6xp8w so u r saying people who conquered spain was barabary pirates too!😄
Rahman III: "I'll have to give myself a prrromotion!" Takes the title of Caliphate and wears it like a war hero badge.
Obama handing himself a medal
@First Last chill, my guy can't take a joke
In fact was a war hero. When he starts to rule the emirate was reduced to cordoba city itself. the peninsula was ruled by the muwalladum families: the yilliqui (galicians) of the lower march, the Banu Qasi (sons of Casio, a roman noble) in upper march, Ibn Hafsun in andalusia, the republic of pechina in the sharq al.andalus and the mozarabs of Tulaytula (Christians of Toledo) in the middle march. He reconquered all this regions and force the northern christian kingdoms to go backs north of the Duero river. Also creates a protectorste over north african morrocan kingdoms, as siyilmassa and to the muslim pirats of fraxinetum, amalfi, corsica and sardinia (they control cities in the coast, not all the islands)
But he is great, he convert a state surrounded by enemies, and was controlling only Cordoba , into a great state, with budget of 5 billion. And he did that when he was 21 years old, an age of college student today
I'm french, i love watching your videos bc i learn new word and knowledge. Thank you for the english subtiles, that's wholesome.
First time i see an English loving French 😂
@@benimazigh5631 i just like the langague because we have to learn it at school and that's an important language for the rest of my life. And i like england's history but you still are our enemy in our french's patriotic heart 🦅. Vive l'empereur.
Bonjour
@@user-ry6ey8gq3t Likes your attitude 😏👍
@@user-ry6ey8gq3t Toi tu m'as l'air d'être du genre à utiliser l'histoire juste comme un moyen pour te sentir supérieur et pallier le fait que tu n'as rien accompli de significatif dans ta vie.
De plus Républiques >>> Monarchies.
"Cordova" is made with rich Corinthian leather. - Ricardo Montelban
Ah, Kirk, my old friend...
@@nickpapagiorgio9872 Khan, Khan, Khan!
@@McadMcad ?
@@rayhankhan8992 Star Trek
@@McadMcad
THIS IS CETI ALPHA V!
seriously bro this is astonishing and flabbergasting information. im inspired by you and I even make my historical videos because of your work, thank you and keep up the great work 😁
fact : the Jews lived a golden age of culture under the Muslim rule in Iberia
" Thus, when Muslims crossed the straits of Gibraltar from North Africa in 711 CE and invaded the Iberian Peninsula, Jews welcomed them as liberators from Christian Persecution"
ـــــــــ
Zion Zohar, Sephardic & Mizrahi Jewry, New York, 2005, p. 8-9.
Politics aside, its a shame nowdays many muslims are more close minded and actually anti semite than their medieval ancestors, which is saying a lot. And I am not only talking about anti jewish calls for expulsions in some muslim majority countries, but also total "anti every other religion´s" rights and freedoms """moderate""" islamist beheavior, as in Saudi Arabia, or limited freedoms at the very least as in Iran , Pakistan and Mauritania, and all of that even in the middle of the 21st century. I ironically got called an ignorant by self proclaimed "peaceful" muslims for saying that oppressing the rights and freedoms of others when nobody is being hurt while asking people to respect your own as muslims just because some people 1400 years ago told you to do so, is both not peaceful and hipocritical.
@@alexcorvuscazador5596 Muslims weren't anti semite 10 centuries ago. When Ottoman empire accepted refugees in 1494 they accepted Jewish refugees too. Salonica was know as "The Jerusalem of Balkans" because of the jewish population in the city during ottoman times. Even in the 19. century there wasn't a single clash between muslims and Jews. However after the Balfour Decleration and the Formation of Israel things have changed. Could you still avoid being anti-semite after being beaten for 70 years ? I think none could. Racism wasn't even a thing among muslims until 20. century (for example there wasn't a Turkish word for the n word untill 2010's because they didn't need to) but now we are getting anti semite. Actually not anti semite but anti-zionist however not everybody knows the difference between them.
@@medetbilalsarac4856 I literally said SOME MUSLIMS NOWDAYS and I also said POLITICS ASIDE, I am actually against the exile politics of Zionisim as much as I am against the same islamist based anti jewish exile ones,or any exile policy for that matter regardless of who it comes from and regardless against who it is applied to. I dont even know why I care to clarify anymore. Thanks for the historical data though.
@@alexcorvuscazador5596 Yeah I see and appreciate you dont want to get into politics. But there must be a reason behind this situation. I just wanted to point out that reason. You also mentioned the "radical islamists" thing. I would like to ask who are those? A few examples can be Taliban and ISIS. When we search their roots we see that ISIS is formed in the war torn Iraq and Taliban is founded by the Cia funded mujahadeen. There wasn't such extremists in Andalusia or Ottoman Empire. However unfortunately there are now and they are the consequences of past. I am a moderate Muslim Elhamdulillah. I appreciate your efford to being kind but I just want you to know those exteremists are a product of past two centuries. You should blame those who created them as well as them. At least I blame both.
@@medetbilalsarac4856 I am talking about terrorists like Isis, but also about other radical muslims who support non secular islamic regimes like Iran and Saudia Arabia which oppress and even have the death penalty for homosexuality, aposthasy, adultery and public worship of religions other than islam as if this were Medieval times, just because some guys 1400 years ago with a very different concept of "tolerance" told them to do so, radicals who for some reason label themselves as "peaceful" just because they are not terrorists, as if terrorisim was the only way to be a radical in any religion, even among muslims themselves Shias, Shiites and Sufi muslims also get oppresed. Its really impressive the double think abilities of some religious people to ask for their rights and freedoms to be respected as long as they dont hurt anyone,while not doing the same for others and calling the muslims who are against forced morals as "traitors", I even got called ignorant and rationed with dislikes once for saying that the support of forced islamic law through the penalization of critics of religion, gays, apostats and women who do not want to follow a specific dress code, among other examples, was not peaceful and hipocritical mainly because, like I said, they want their own freedoms and rights to be respected as muslims/religious people in general while not giving the same to others. As much as non religious "liberal" people should not force their morals on others when nobody is being hurt, neither should the religious people do it. Otherwise you get regimes like Iran and China who want to force either their religious or atheist "morals" on everyone. Those are the types of radicals I am talking about, islamists, not muslims as a whole of course. And yes some medieval muslims were more open minded in terms of religious tolerance, but even in the best cases total equal rights was not a thing and they still practiced some of the horrible acts I have mentioned, they were SOMETIMES as good as medieval people could be. If you want to help me I can give you the thread where I got rationed for saying innocents should not be stoned to death for their only "crime" being having hurt someones religious feelings, which somehow gets equalized to the level of a literal crime by these "moderate" animals. Ultra conservative and ultra liberal people have more in common than what they would ever like to admit.
My history community. I didn’t know what the difference was between the Muslim forms of government. Here is what I found.
In the simplest form of answer, an Emirate is ruled by an Emir, a Sultanate by a Sultan and a Caliphate by a Caliph. Now for what those words mean and how they deviate from each other.
A Caliphate is the Islamic Nation State, the first one being Medina under the Prophet (PBUH), following this the early Umayyad Empire is probably the closest to a Caliphate there has been since. The concept of Caliphate is kind of impossible to have these days because a Caliph is a religious and political leader that is chosen by the Umma (Islamic Community), arguably since the death of Muhammad (PBUH) there hasn’t ever been a Caliph given the early split between Sunnis and Shias. If you wanted to go down either line, both lines of succession end pretty much around 100 years after Muhammad’s death when the son of Ali, Hussein was assasinated by a rival faction of Islam. Groups like Daesh claim that they are a Caliphate but without a wide acceptance of the people that is not the case, they just use that narrative to attempt to garner political and religious favour in the Umma.
An Emirate is a principality or territory ruled by an Emir. An Emir is the hereditary ruler from a line of successtion of an Islamic monarchy, so the Emirate is specifically ruled by an Islamic royal family, who percieve their rule as being the will of Allah. It can also refer to a province ruled by an Emir, as is the case in the United Arab Emirates that are Seven Emirates that work Federally. Bahrain and Qatar also count as Emirates.
A Sultanate is similar to an Emir, and exists in an Islamic context but is not explicity percieved as being a God given power, but instead the Sultan is just in the position of power. There are also regional variations between Sultan and Emir with Emirs in the modern age being restricted to the Arabian Peninsula (although there have been Emirates across Asia, Europe and Africa) where as a Sultan is a title that is rarely used today but exists in several different Islamic contexts, not just an Arabian one.
Nice one, but You forget the Rasyidun Caliphates did unite all the muslim world after Muhammad. Abu Bakr, Ummar, Ustman, and Ali were the last caliphs who lead the United Umma before it was politically splited. It's not just Sunni and Shia rivarly, there are more factions after the Rasyidun Caliphates.
the sultan also is the patron of the caliph
@@simonpantermuller6997
Exactly like the ghaznavid sultan mahmud ceremoniosly recognised the caliph in baghdad as his overlord same with seljuks and other turkic dynasties.
In fact, mamluks even brought over the caliph to their capital after the sack of baghdad.
Caliph is a very powerful position cause if they recognise your rule it strengthens your legitimacy in your kingdom.
Bit like the pope except not considered an intemediary between the worshipper and god
After Muhammad pbuh, it was the rasyiddun caliphate then the umayyad caliphate.
But what about the Ottomans? Didnt the ottoman sultans claimed and proclaimed to be caliphs of islam? What was their source of legitimacy?
That Córdoba pronunciation it's simply wonderful. Reminds you a bit of Dovahkiin from The Elder Scrolls V.
@information worlds Innocence is life's greatest illusion.
@Gaal Clearly.
Video recomendation:
Rise of the French Colonial Empire
Why did the French Colonial Empire collapse
I'd love to see more about the French conquest of Vietnam rather than focusing on Africa. :)
Ah the evil colonial empires who justified (settler) colonialism with racial supremacy ideology. Everything changed when the fire nation attacked
Nazi Germany/Vietnam and Algeria
That’s it in a simplified way (way too simplified
@@infernows I don’t think it fully collapsed seeing the influence the supremacist French still have in Africa (including Algeria), Caribbean etc where the French language, currency and military presence is still a reality. Of course there are other countries challenging that influence now like China and Turkey but that influence and dominance is still there.
@@oneing4206 keep seething.
I read the walking drum by Louis Lamour. It was based off Cordoba in its glory days and also other cities like Paris . Man was it a good book. I had to research to see if his historical context was correct. That book is a masterpiece in historical context and a great read
Same ive read it about 4 times now recently just started it again, kerbouchard is in cordoba rn, just met aziza again
The Quality of your videos and narrative is superlative. Love your channel :)
Early enough to see the battle of Tours
Bruh just look sens a city of france in 725 before tours.
@Dark Fire
" Aceifas "
And other delights forced christians first to create a no mans land between cordillera cantábrica & Duero first and to proceed further south to oust them back to Africa since coexistence was imposible.
He’s gonna label them as Arabs again even tho genetic evidence says they’re not
@@John-pk9rw According the sources arabs are directly responsibles of conquests and berbers of north africa were a true support for them.
The Balearic Islands were not Visigoth. They were controlled by the Vandals until they were reconquered by the Eastern Roman Empire. When the Romans lost control of the western Mediterranean, the Balearic Islands became independent, and later (for an extremely short time) signed an alliance with Charlemagne amnd became part of his kingdom. Then Charlemagne died, his kingdom collapsed, and the Muslims invaded the Balearic Islands.
You're 100% correct. Also had some of the most deadly slinger units in the Ancient war baleric slingers were bad ass
@@mini_chimp_in_a_suit It's my homeland, and I'm interested in history XD. Our slingers were the elite of the elite.
Sanchuello was nicknamed as that because he was son of Al-Manzur and a navarrese Princess, daugther of king Sancho of Navarra, and looked like his grandfather including the blue eyes. Sanchuello means "little Sancho", and he could raised to be claimant of ALL iberian thrones, by his mother side.
There was a lot of marriages between Muslim leaders and Spanish princess.
A classic thing in the low middle age, where a foreign conqueror create a link with the local population by marriage.
And the reverse was true.
This is why many Europeans kings and queens have the caliph Othman as far ancestor.
@@jean-louispech4921
Wait what???
European kings & queens related to caliph Othman ....
You mean 3rd Rashidun Caliph Uthman or Ottoman Turkish dynasty......
Two different things my guy
@@EM-tx3ly
Yes uthman the arab caliph married with daughters of Muhammed.... but from another woman.
@@jean-louispech4921
Well first time I have heard that though
What are your sources and could you give me an example of an European Royal descending from Othman ibn Affan if possible
@@EM-tx3ly
this is from genealogy of nobles in Europe .
It is simple :
the first caliph in Spain was a descendant of Uthman , an Omayyad.
Along the generation s :
caliphs and Arab elites takes some christian Spanish woman as wife, while some kings and nobles take some Arab women from the Omayyad family as wife.
At the end you have the caliph Uthman among the ancestries of Spanish kings, queens, and nobles.
And because in Europe you have a large network of wedding from Spain to Armenia for the nobles , from Italy to Norway, you have the Arab lineage spreading across all the christian Europe.
Then this is why the Queen Elizabeth II has the caliph Uthman as ancestry, for example, from my genealogical source.
Just a tiny correction.
The pictures are from the alHambra palace, but that building is in Granada, not Cordoba, and was built over a 100 years after the collapse of the Caliphate or Cordoba
Yes I believe Grenada was the last of the Muslim kingdoms.
@@AAmed1980 Fell around 1400
I am from north Africa from Tripoli and I think that the history of al andalus is so interesting because it is the history of the moors of north Africa (Arab and berber)
Mash'allah love Trablus ☝🤩 but seriously, empire was more Arab than Berber, other wise language would have been Tamazight. That makes no sense. This is just hypocrisy, when i see Amazigh claiming it was an Amazigh empire. Why wasn't the language "Tamazight". The Amazigh population were at that time people of second class. Its the same with the Roman empire. First language was Latin. That's what it make it mostly Roman.
@@benimazigh5631 not all time second class citizens the first caliph abdoalrhman the first his mother was amazigh from Tripoli and because of the support of berber and yamani Arab he managed control alandalus
@@benimazigh5631 the first caliphs were Good with the amazigh but the last were not that lead to revelation against the caliph who kick the berber out from administration
@Mikel Garmendia First language was mostly *Arabic and first class religion Islam*. Other languages where also spoken, but they weren't the official language of the empire.
@@Abdoabdo-ix7ds I know Amazigh took some higher positions, but Arabs were more dominant in this higher positions.
Córdoba is pronounced with the accent on the first syllable.
This. It's wise to research the pronunciation of the word you're saying 100 times in your script.
@@a2falcone Totally agree.
I was very happy to find your comment, so that I could avoid being my usually snarky self! 😉🙏🏼💥
Like an underline on which part to stress, but more sophisticated orthographically
Yep. Every Native-English speaker pronounces it wrong. Most people stand corrected once you tell them the correct way. But one person had the cheek to tell my son that Córdoba is just pronounced differently in English. Em, no. It's not. Haha. 😂
Can you establish a relation between the down fall of the Caliphate and their interactions with the Portuguese new kingdom?
I learnt my side of the history. I would like to knowt the Caliphate side of it. 👍
Because nobody expects the Spanish Reconquista
😂 true, they thought: *Oh Iberians will be eazy like the already Islamized nations*
Reconquista starts rolling: *By Allah, where are this knights coming from ??😣*
@@benimazigh5631 The Jewish used to live under the Cordoba Arabs you clown
@@ashaadana9295 Only if they have paid the head tax (Jizya). The Jews were considered like the Christians, also as *Dhimmis* (Protection orders)! Protective orders from the Muslims themselves 😂👍 Pretty tolerant what?
@@benimazigh5631 are you muslim ??
@Rex Caesar The legend say, this Sharia law got exported by 3 Spanish knights to the Italian peninsula. Even after the reconquista, in spain there were some organisations who acted after this rule. Till the 90s such organizations have been found in Spain and Sicily, there is even a documentary about it.
No one:
Spain after Reconquista:
Nobody Expects the Spanish Inquisition
Why do you like so much that stupid joke?
@@adamnesico idk is meme, so... maybe im among the others out there, but thx for the comment i appreciated
@@princemhw It is so dumb, specially when at that time every major power had their inquisition and spain wasn't event first and was one of the less bloodier compared to the massive witch hunts the germans or english did...
@@adamnesico "Stop that! It's silly!"
In the map, the muslims never conquered the Peninsula fully - Astúrias was always free
All the North was free. They were beaten every time. No Taliban in North Spain
So whats your points?
@@meilong2338 no it wasnt the north was conquered by muslims but later they revolted and pushed out the ummayads when they were busy with internal conflicts and abbasid incursions.
The north west was free but the Basque region and northern Catalan (barcelona) was under muslim control but they were loyal to abbasid caliph in baghdad
They allied with charlemagne against abdulrahman.
@@meilong2338 taliban? Tf u talking about
@@BALLARDTWIN the Taliban never conquered Galicia , Asturias and Santander. In Galicia they were like 30 years in some parts, in Asturias they didn’t enter
Amazing video! Please more about Al-Andaluz!
How do you make all these maps and animations? Isn't that extremly difficult?
He’s not the right person for this
@@John-pk9rw What do you mean?
@@arcanios806 He's pro Spanish inquisition
@@semregob3363 Could you explain this? You mean the Kings and Generals Team is pro Spanish Inquisition and that's why they should not do videos about it?
@@semregob3363 wait what
Long live Spain 🇪🇦🇪🇦
Long live IstanBol
@@alialsenusi2375 Long live Jerusalem
@@Austin11-1 Lol as a turkish our new generetion full atheist and very anti arab and persian 😅😅
@@Austin11-1 пиривиет из стамбол 🇹🇷🇮🇱💖🇷🇺
Arriba España!
جادك الغيث إذا الغيث هما .. يا زمان الوصل بالأندلسي
قد مضينا ننثر الخير وما .. نامت الأعين عند الغلس
إننا مجد وعز إننا .. عائدون أمتي لا تيأسي
Look up the pronunciation of Córdoba, because having heard it pronounced differently all my life kinda bothered me. Other that great vid
its still quite shocking that the Muslims ruled Hispania for so long, yet there's barely any native Muslims in Spain or Portugal nowadays
Well... the Spanish, Catalans and Portuguese basically killed, exiled or forced convert the muslims and jews in Iberia, so yeah... i guess now you know the reason...
Same reason there is so few Christians in the middle east
@Nig ger well, thats offensive...
@@robertblume2951 There are a very noticable number of christians in the lands where they used to preside previously. Anatolia, Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, everywhere. The numbers have shrunken due to isis and other terror group but they are not gone completely.
@@WILLIAN_1424 Yeah, but its weird that they never did anything like this to morocco, which they controlled for a similiar amount of time
This is a small detail that to be fair you probably didn’t know about. But there was no mention of the benedin family or banu Edin the descendants of the umayyads who fled to southern Italy to try to gain power but failed. It wasn’t needed in the video as its just a small detail but maybe it would be nice to do a video about it.
Gives me goosebumps every time he mentioned in the wrong way Córdoba 😖😝😝😝
Fascinating story, thank you.
Take a drink whenever he says Cordoba :)
I think he tried to pronounce Qurtuba(The Arabic and original name of the city )
There is an Islamic scholar named Imam Al-Qurtubi meaning he was from that region in the middle ages.
Molook Attawaaif,
(The kings of the sects), is exactly what is happening now in Muslim countries.
“EXACTLY”
They do not learn from history unfortunately; because of the complete control over education and the media in those countries by there enemy’s, but as the Arab wisdom says “Dawam Al-hal, men Al-Muhal”
(the continuity of the situation is impossible)
The Ummah played Dunya's games, the Ummah won Dunya's prizes, this comes with Al-Wahan.
They do no learn because of totalitarian nature of Islam. No critical and objective introspection in fundamentalism. Very easy to rile people up for conquest, not much for anything else.
Well done with the history lesson.
Great lecture here.
The decline part starts at 6:25.
Knowledgia is my new favourite history channel ❤️❤️
Which was the previous one?
Your videos are mind blowing I liked them very much because it helps me to acquire more knowledge your channel will become the best history channel in future keep it up .please make a video on Skanderbeg please I am your former supporter I subscribed you during your 8k please make a video on Skanderbeg
Thank you! Skanderbeg is coming in a few months!
@@Knowledgia Thanks for this
As a Muslim, I find this very interesting :)
Hello there :)
@@Knowledgia Hello Knowledgia :)
@@Knowledgia { Christian viewer here } So is the main action in this video done on soil of modern day Spain Or United Arab Emirates ? I'm confused 🗺🧐🤷
@@Friendship1nmillion Bruh, seriously
@@Friendship1nmillion ...spain...
They never took Asturias, fix your graph.
they had it for 10 years
@@Skikdii They said they had it for 10 years, but they didn't.
@@RW.Dragon they did
@@Skikdii Nah, I'm guessing you haven't read about it but anyways, in medieval times controlling land was way harder than it looked like. They just said they had Asturias while being unable to actually cross the mountains, the terrain would've been a nightmare to actually occupy, which is why the Asturian Kingdom ended up emerging from it and spearheading the Reconquista.
Not the basque country either
Almanzor one of the greatest military commander in history who led 57 major campaigns against the Christian kingdoms, won all the battles and was never defeated in any of them.. It was him who indirectly caused the fall of the Caliphate in Andalusia
Because he didn't reconqure lost lands and just raided?
@@revivalist355 More ike he created a division that exploded after his death, importing inmigrant warriors that despised the andalusis.
Not indirectly, quite directly actually. In Spain we remember and study Almanzor since he was one of the most talented military commanders of our history, on pair with some of the best generals in golden century.
However despite him being a militar genius, he was horrible at taking administrative decisions and dealing with social discontent. His brutal raids in Christian lands worked in favour of religious intolerance across the whole Iberian peninsula, making many Christians in Andalusian lands to flee and support Christian kingdoms, in same way, bringing Berbers who weren't used to the hispano Roman and then Andalusian ways, caused discontent and created issues in administrations, with lots of conflicts in villages.
He also committed a huge mistake mixing rival tribes into his army units, because as long as they lacked a strong leader as he was, they would fight and cause civil war. Which is exactly what happened.
And ultimately, he was so powerful that he took too much power and functions from administrative and Muslim religious institutions, meaning that after his dead, the duties were claimed by many and led to a massive lack of power, drastic Fall of tax collection and all the Caliphate collapsing
It's weird all Muslims say is that all their gnarls where undefeated but yet they still lost weird.
@@ninjaa6952 he didn't lost any battle ,u can check....why r u jealous 🤩
Al monsur. He locked the true leader in a palace. He made his sons era to his position. The other leaders got rid of his kids but it started a crisis of succession again which was very common and the reason in 250 years only 4 guys really ran all of Muslim Spain. The cities like zaraguza didn't like send the money to cordoba and were always looking to be as independent as they could.
This was the time it all fell apart.
Al monsor and his sons not only terrorized the Christian states but was also the Muslim cities to. He had an army of North Africans to serve these needs and before he died he made sure his son took over. When the son died the army he commanded had nothing to do so they sacked Cordoba and other cities with some help from the Christian for a couple years before they went back to Africa.
forever thankful to GOD and REYES CATOLICOS for RECONQUISTA and recapturing and RETURNING CHRISTIAN LANDS BACK to their RIGHFUL OWNERS
Islam is the truth boy
Christians lived there at that time by the way
It was just ruled by muslims.
Yes but who was there before Christians?
You need to give it back to them.
@@no.f.thegoat Wich truth, that god is Sauron?
Then I guess you are an orc.
@@am-mm2sl the Christians were the first.
The muslims never conquered the whole of the peninsula
Yeah i know, many people (educated) realized it. Thx for commenting about it!
Love your channel, but what the hell is a pe-nin-shoe-la? LOL 😂
"Oh my warriors, whither would you flee? Behind you is the sea, before you, the enemy. You have left now only the hope of your courage and your constancy." Tariq ibn ziyad
Sounds a lot like the legend of Cortés burning the boats upon landing in Veracruz so his company could not turn back.
@@ilovemuslimfood666 yes I don't know if cortés was inspired by tariq but it's well know that the first thing he did after reaching libiria is burning the ships
Event horizon _ point of no return.
Alea acta est!
@@ayouberriouch6876 yes bcz they wanted to go back seeing the Numbers of the enemy he said we will leave tommorrow .Then at night he had the ships burned nd blamed it on enemy spies .So it was do or die situation
Spanish Muslim that Tariq... not north African (if you didnt know that).
This is a lie . The Basque lands were never under Muslim control . The Basque Land and other regions of the north were Christian refugees .
If he says "emirate of corrrrdoba' again i might top myself
Somewhat simplistic; even for a short video.
Simple answer: they did not belong there. They had founded their emirate on foreign ground which was not theirs. The Spaniards wanted their land back.
It wasnt the Spaniards that led to the fall of the emirate it was the muslim factions that wanted to rule
@@yaziri7 But the outcome was right.
Going by that logic when are the European imports finally handing over New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the US to the native and indigenous populations 🙄
@@ytv31 This is a very good question. Being a European, one of them who stayed at home, I have no good reply. Morally you are right.
Viva la Reconquista
I'm late, it is now Spain..
And before that?
Great work Knowledgia! Could you have a look at the ancient Middle Eastern empires, i.e Assyrian, Chaldean and Persian empires?
Ending with sad. The big country break into small principalities rule by princes and lord. They not friendly each other. And some of them the asking help from northern Castilian Arragon.
Why is it sad? It became Spain. They proceed line of conquers everybody before them started. Now we have beautifull latina women.(and many other things ofcorse) Something dies - something rises
Important lesson: Kingdom divided will not stand! Nothing worse than internal treachery!
You neglected to mention that the Muslims did not conquer ALL of Iberia. The Visigoths held out under Pelayo in the Asturias, with Pelayo defeating the Muslims at the Battle of Covadonga.
That is probably just myth.
@@adamnesico Why is Spain Christian today?
@Apple Spain isn’t christian today.
@@adamnesico, if it's just myth, it's a myth rooted in history. If Pelayo is a 'myth' where did the Reconquista start?
Tho, I do agree with this statement.
when the islamic world talked about Spain(andalusia), its sound very mythical
Yes.. like a lost Paradise
They came .. they occupy... and they left... and the Iberian peninsula Hispania.. went back to whom belongs.. Spanish and Portuguese.
@@enricomanno8434 it wasn't about the land or who conquered and reconquered the land but it was about saving the humanity from the eternal hellfire, Christians they lost the right path they lost the truth and Islam is like the ship of Noah (pbuh) the ship that comes to the humanity to save it from the deep of the fire ...
@@mezzomorto7185 That is your idea not my.
@@mezzomorto7185 you only know to justify your colonialism with dogmas?
Then you have no real thing to aport, imperialists.
@@adamnesico first, the shock of civilisations is inevitable in every era.. then talking about justifying personally I don't feel myself justifying but im more preaching, I'm preaching the message of the truth the truth that most of the people don't want to follow and even don't want to hear ..
Great job, i love these why did countries collapse videos
Azul
good work overall as usual. although i find it hard to understand what do you mean by including the immigration of Imaziɣen to the Peninsula as one reason for the collapse of Cordoba, the bulk of the invading forces at the start were Berbers/imaziɣen anyway, so what do you mean exactly?
They would destabilise the region because that is what migration does. Also they performed massacres and raids. Even Cordoba itself was besieged by them on 2 occasions.
Yes but they were under the Arab rule of the Umayyad Caliph of *Al-Walid bin Abdul Malik*, wich was an Arab and including also the language of the empire was Arabic. But yes you are right, the first troop of Tariq Ibn Ziyad, was mostly made of the Imazighen, including Tariq Ibn Ziyad himself.
@Syphax Tafsutbruh stop blaming the Umayyads ,the visigoths were happy ,just admit it barbar you destroy all what you touch
@@mahdimehdi445 He is delusional.
@@mahdimehdi445 the Visigoths were definitely not happy lol
Thank God it did
Moral of the story: never name your 10 year old son as your successor.
The caliphate was in fact an Arab colony, an occupied land, an invaded country, just as the Nazis did with Poland and the Soviet Union, under the pretext of subjugating and exterminating the local population also by interpreting genocide, rape and any kind of violence, especially against women and priests. As a historian I can ascertain that it was not a civil war as civil war as today commonly means a war within a country and does not refer to an occupying power, furthermore the first civil war was the American one, dating back to centuries later. In fact it was an occupation that lasted several centuries, during which all kinds of abuse towards civilians were perpetrated by the occupiers, definitely a sad and shameful page of the Arab-Muslim civilization. The most important thing to underline is that the Caliphate was the first true colony in the world as it is historically understood today. From this experience of colonization the Spanish and Portuguese learned and replicated by colonizing the territories in the Americas, without however carrying out voluntary genocides against the local population. Unfortunately, diseases such as smallpox were the cause of a heavy decimation for the Amerindian population.
Fun facts: Spain was never conquered by Arabs and the majority of the muslim population in Spain was not Arab.
there is no genocide
So you're saying the muslims of the caliphate created the 1st colony ever? And other people's copied them? That's wicked man. Looks like y'all gotta hand out some reparations dude. Some of those petrodollars to atone for all your crime's.
@@John-pk9rw yes, you're right, the Arabs never invaded Iberia, Cordoba was a grocery store in a little village own by a Spanish family, Halambra was a night club, Nasrid emir Mohammed ben Al-Ahmar was an android Indian story teller, of India an there left India to Iberia and the Santa Inquisition never existed. And the Earth is flat.
@@user-tg1ij6xp8w the History reported a genocide in entire Iberian cities. Just one example: A coruña. Such a shame.
It is not very difficult to conquer a defenceless country which was Spain at the time of the Muslim invasion. But when the Spaniards got organized even the hill towers were unable to prevent them from reconquering the country
After many centuries?!!🤣🤣🤣
Spanish with an English ruler 🤣
It's like a caliphate doesn't magically makes a good government. Take that Islamists
Hoes mad
Cordoba was brutal towards the local Hispanic and German communities. That was the reason of their downfall.
Define: "Hispanic" in the 10th century
@@adamtyson3962 anyone who lived as native in the land of Hispania , those people had cultural ties with the Roman empire, not with their northern neighbors.
@الظلام علي speak clearly.
German? You mean goths? I have never heard someone refering to the goths as German to be honest
@الظلام علي Yeah that's what you get for invading us
Awesome as always
HAPPY RECONQUISTA
And know cathloiscme churches are empty or are giving lgbtq weddings
i love how u talk without siding and saying truth that will make ur channel grow :)
You are a fool
I like cheesecake
@@TIGERMAN85 same
Huh?
@@TIGERMAN85 brother go to Nino's home yt channel . it is history channel . We are not making cheese cakes
I've never heard any native speaker pronounce "Peninsular" the way this guy did. Weird AF. lol
So weird, the narrator adds a "T" and "ch" to the pronunciation.
He also pronounced do like Jew.
Same, was so surprised to hear it. Can't figure out what that could be from
It's more like a colony because they imported a lot of Berbers from North Africa. A successful invasion can only happen when foreigners blend with locals like happened in Delhi Sultans.
“Imported a lot of Imazighen” you do realize the majority of the muslim population were already Imazighen and they they’re the ones who conquered it in the first place right?
@@John-pk9rw They were imported a large amount for the sake of importing for political purpose how Europeans had done in India, and Sri Lanka. It's not gonna work as there would be a clash with locals.
@@baddeliyanagedondilanga7830 Nope
@@baddeliyanagedondilanga7830 not really.They look like Indians but consider themselves as Turks.They consider native Hindus as Kafirs and tried to start Jehad against us.The Partition of India was the result of that.
Study about Hindu genocide in Nuakhali,Mopla rebellion, Kashmiri Hindu genocide and Punjab Hindu,Sikh genocide.
Yes. Mughals did a better job in assimilation. Marrying with local Rajput royalty
Bro you say "peninsula" weird af.
It's an "s" sound, it's not "peninchula"
Thank you for the video 🙏
Nicely explained.
We Greeks still do not calling it gibraltar
But Herculean Pillars.
nobody cares...
You Greeks are kinda arrogant like that
It still gets called the pillars of Hercules and its depicted in the flag of the region of Andalucía.
You completely skipped over one of the most important battles of the time period at the beginning which was the battle of tours.
Not related with the caliphate.
@@adamnesico not related? He literally talked about invasion of spain and skipped over the most important battle. Maybe you should actually research the time period.
@@michaelbollinger8060 Battle of tours wasnt part neither of the invasion of Iberia, not of the fall of the Cordoba caliphate.
@@adamnesico wasnt? It was literally apart of umayyad invasion of iberia. Open up a history book. Or google it. The information is literally there. If you think its not connected.
@@adamnesico then all hope is lost for your common sense.
"LOL" ~Tariq Ibn Ziyad
Córdoba has the accent on the first o, meaning the first syllable is stressed, not the second. I'm amazed how you took the time making this fancy video without considering how to pronounce the very subject.
the umayyad caliphate never subjugated leon like you show earlier in the video. You never even make mention about how after the toppling of the caliphate in the west you just un colored the graphic where leon is at. Very misleading
Al-Andalus was a beacon of knowledge and prosperity at its peak. Even the Christian kingdoms that came after it couldn't emulate the scientific proggress achieved by Al Andalus.
However, just like any other great kingdom with prosperity often comes corruption, greed, weakness, and depravity. The fall of Al-Andalus, just like the narrator said, wasn't entirely because of the Christian reconquista...it was more of the weakness of the Muslims themselves.
Like seriously the state of Taifas were so pathetic and disgusting the Muslims fought each other, forgotten their united identity as one ummah. Recounts of the Muslim rulers' depravity during that time is also sickening.
They acted just like medieval European kings who squabbled over insignificant stuff and in the end brought out their own destruction, and Al Andalus annihilation, with it.
United Ummah? It was never united.
If they wanted unity and not being doing fiesta and siesta all the day maybe Hispania was not the best place on Earth to invade.
"Even the Christian kingdoms that came after it couldn't emulate the scientific progress achieved by Al Andalus" Umm are you sure? Christian Spain became one of the largest empires in the world after Reqconquista and concquist'd the entire Caribbean save a few French and Dutch colonies, all of SA (except modern day Brazil) and what is now most of the Continental United States and even parts of modern day Canada.
@@dannydonnelly8198 Yeah that comment was pure bullshit. Just 80 years before the end of the Recoquista and due to the discovery of America and the enourmous inheritance of Charles 1 the Huspanic Monarchy became a global superpower and they were building the largest Palace-Monastery in Europe ( Escorial) and the largest to be finished cathedral of Europe and thus of the World ( The unfinished of Valladolid). Among many many other artistical and scientifical achievements. Saying that Al Andalus has its space in the history of Spain is legitimate but telling that it was unparaleled when the same year Columbus arrived to the American continent and the first Grammatica in Spanish was published is just pure nonsense.
@@dannydonnelly8198 Americans still have not pay the 5 million US dollars fee for the selling of Florida in 1821.
CORDOBA "CALIPHATE" was 800 YEARS OPPRESSION of SPANIARDS and PORTUGAL
Caliphate lasted only 1 century.
@@adamnesico 711-1030 Umayyad 1030-1492 small states against each other’s
What Spaniards visgoths were German lol
Alhambra appears continously even though it was built a couple of centuries after the caliphate's collapse. It is even pictured with the palace of Carlos V, built in the 16th century. Good video, though!
I read "Collapse of Corona" and immediately clicked.
Lol 🤣
So what exactly is a “Peninchula”?
Al-andalus as we arabs call it was a land Of knowledge and science hundreds of years of a great muslim civilization was teared by political conflicts between rulers. how sad!
Poor choices and internal strife are the deaths of many a great empires. The only difference is how many safeguards there are between death and bad decisions.
Read 'the myth of the andalusian paradise' by Dario Morera. Read about the Martyrs of Cordoba. People were enslaved, churches destroyed, christians persecuted. Even the Amazigh revolted against the Arabs, because they were discriminated.
It’s Spain not al andalus
@@leonardodavinci1140 you are explaining reconquesta
@@adamjefry8490 huh? What’s Spain?
Respect for arabs from Italy 🇮🇹
Your ancestors fougth them to save the empire
@@baldroinnsson783 oh shut up... Romans enslaved half of Europe... U act like the Roman empire was peaceful and loving
@@baldroinnsson783 Rome and Byzantines were so big that they collapsed under their own weight. Arabs and Byzantines fought at Egypt and Levant, but they were allies more than you can imagine.
Not italian for sure arab
For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.
but many prophets did not say god have a son
Love your videos! Your my favorite RUclipsr/RUclipsrs. I recommend doing the Russian Civil War
The panel is so creative
The Reconqista aka the decolonisation of Spain and Portugal.
The problem with that interpretation is that most Andalusi Muslims were primarily of Iberian descent. Even the Christian populations in Andalusi states were Arabised. So it is anachronistic to speak of the Reconquista as the liberation of Spanish and Portuguese land. It is more accurate to speak of the Reconquista as the expansion of the Portuguese, Castilian and Aragonese kingdoms into Andalusi lands.
@@ishmamahmed9306 your only saying that because it's Europeans retaking their lands, I bet you'd say the same thing about the Balkan peoples in regards to the Ottoman Empire as well, and the Slavs with the Mongols.
@@ryeguy7941 , whataboutery by assuming that I am an apologist for the Ottoman Empire or the Golden Horde does not address any of the points I made...............
@@ishmamahmed9306 you're trying to justify Muslim colonialism.
@@ryeguy7941 , whataboutery doesn't address any of the comments I made................
forever thankful to GOD and REYES CATOLICOS for recapturing and RETURNING CHRISTIAN LANDS BACK to their RIGHFUL OWNERS
Would love to see Granada , the city of zawi ibn Ziri !
The word Zirid has nothing to do with the word "Al Jazaaer" just to remind you. Tunisians confused you with the word "Dzirin" wich has nothing to do with the word "Zirid".
@@benimazigh5631 finally found someone with knowledge, the idea of name algeria being related to the zirids is just a made-up thing by the algerians so they can claim the zirids even though they ruled ifriqiyya which is tunisia and all of their capitals are in tunisia too
@@hamzahammami22 Thx, well its logic 🤷♂️ If they would have called their country after Zirid, it would have pronounced "Ziridya" ore "Ziridania" ore something like that and their population "Ziridyans"! I know "Dzirin" and "Zirid" are very similar, that's why the whole confusion, but in the end they are not the same, because in there is still a d missing.
@@benimazigh5631 الزيريين هم من اسس مدينة دزاير اسسها بولوغين بن زيري وعطاها اسم دزاير بن مزغنة ومزالكم لليوم تقولونا دزيريا ودزاير ودزييريين
@@hamzahammami22 اول عاصمة للزيرين اشر في وسط الجزاير عندما انتقل الفاطميين خلاولهم اراضي تونس لي كانو حلفاء الزريين هههه الفاطميين كلهم من كتامة شرق الجزاير اسقو ذولتكم الاغالبة بالحرب واستولو على بلادك
I love the name Cordoba for some reason
ibn its actualy read ibnu with "I" read like in "In" and "U" like in "Russia" doesnt matter tho great content, and knowledge. and the meaning of ibn is Son.
Like Thariq Ibn Ziyad meaning. Thariq son Of ziyad, and arabs people famous because they can tell you the name of their far ancestor because of ibn. for example "Thariq ibn Ziyad ibn Khalid ibn Umar" and until they forget or didnt know, so in this case umar is great grand father of ziyad.
Nice but when will french
Revolution come??!
Hopefully this year. We have more than 30 subjects we are working on right now. We'll try to include the French Revolution sooner.
Thank you
There is so much video content on the French Revolution already. I appreciate these lesser known focus videos.
@@MasterMalrubius you have a point
Wow this 7 minute video taught me more about this than my world history class did over a week.
I was basically taught "the Muslims invaded spain and the French didn't like that" and that's about it lmao
LOL, that's the most simplistic summary of what happened
Fatimids were not based in Tunis but in Mahdia, another city of Tunisia. And for the love of god, his name is Rahman, not Romon
Nice work
maybe some insight into the political structure and internal relations of power, economy and degree of central control over the economy and trade would help to understand why it couldn´t resist the challenges depicted on the video