Do You Know Why Guns Blow Up?
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 21 окт 2024
- Have you ever wondered what exactly happens when a gun blows up? In this video I am going to review the aftermath of an accident involving a Browning Bar, and explore the science of gun failures, and how these can give us informations useful for evaluating the safety of a particular design.
The gun is not mine by the way, I only had it for the investigation.
Cool video but you really don't make it clear what actually happened to the Browning. What kind of a reloading error would likely produce such a result?
You're right, I should have been more clear. We cannot be totally sure about it, but the most likely thing to have happened is the use of a wrong powder. The rifle had cycled regularly 3 rounds before this happened so no squib loads are involved. The other cartridges worked fine, with no overpressure signs, but the cartridge of the accident was different. It was a different one, and it is not excluded that it was some sort of a sabotage done by somebody else in the same hunting team...
@@Backyard.Ballistics not ex military ammunition
@@joey243win no, nothing to do with that. In my experience military ammunition, unless it had been sabotaged, is safe. It could cause some hangfires, but i've never seen anything too serious
@@Backyard.Ballistics Sabotage? Good Lord! Well, I didn't realise there was that much difference between powders. Thank you.
@@deceptivepanther smokeless powders have a huge range of burning rates, that's why very precise load data is published and must be followed
The old black powder is much more forgiving
Great video. "I swear I reloaded that properly..." I think I've said that a couple of times...
You and Ian both make incredibly informative videos. Even better, they have none of the bombastic, over the top 'booyah!!!' aesthetic of far too many gun channels.
Just extremely high quality content presented in a straightforward way.
Wish you both great success and fulfillment.
So basically someone filled the case up with pistol powder stuffed a bullet and regreted their life choices when they woke up in the hospital? Also the answer is 272 FPS but you have to take into account the mass of the propellant as well :P(Assuming it was 10 grains of black powder the velocity would be closer to 220 FPS)
Right answer and brilliant comment ;)
@@Backyard.Ballistics could it be a low powder charge?
Wow instant fan of the page. the firearms world oa overflowing with mall ninjas. It' refreshing to see someone who looks at it from an engineers point of view
Well he is a forensic expert witness
NERRRRRRRD
This is defiantly one of the best firearm channels on RUclips, probably because you aren't desperate to prove how manly and cool you are every 5 seconds, and you actually know what you are talking about.
Dang! That one blew like a stick of dynamite! Hope they were ok😦
The shooter is ok, not even a scratch, but he lost a little bit of hearing capacity. The designer of the rifle would be proud of his work: they spend a lot of effort making sure that in case the gun blows up it does the least possible damage to the shooter. A failure like this with no consequences for the shooter is actually a good advertisement for the rifle itself😉
@@Backyard.Ballistics the reply is has more likes than the comment.
@@Backyard.Ballistics was he not wearing ear protection?
@@Ojthemighty no, he was hunting, and here unfortunately hearing protection is very rarely used by hunters, even though electronic ear defenders are widely available
@@Backyard.Ballistics i dont get people. Surly your hearing and eyesight should be precious to you and you would take reasonable steps to protect them
Huh, I always thought it wasn't the two bullets impacting but rather the extreme compression of air between the two as the first gets closer that causes the bulge.
It wouldn't take an extreme amount of deformation to relive the president
Hey man, I really enjoy your videos! Interesting, and informative.
How did you get to the "which must have exceeded at least 6000 bars" conclusion at 3:56? Also you say "I calculated..." at 4:29. What kind of equations do you use to estimate the failure pressures for these cases? I thought that forensic expert students usually do not get introduced to elastic limit, overstrain, or burst formulas.
How the hell do I always find these amazing videos of yours from years ago? I thought I have seen all of your videos.
Thank you for all the effort and research you do into these topics!
"Why did my rusty ass bolt fail?"
My guess is that use of an incorrect powder is what caused it. It may be that the round that caused the failure was not different in its charge or pressure than the preceding ones that apparently functioned normally. Even if they had produced some stretching and cracking of the bolt lugs and chamber bulging that would have produced noticeably harder bolt functioning and extraction in a bolt action rifle, the gas operated action of the BAR could have overcome that a few times before it weakened to the point of sudden catastrophic failure. It is very easy to mistake powders for one another when they are identified by numbers and resemble one another visually. For example, if you meant to load a .30-06 with a load of IMR 4831 but picked up IMR 4198 instead, the pressure would be far higher. Might not cause the gun to blow up, but it would be risky. It's unlikely that a powder charge for a .30-06 hunting load could be double charged, but some loads leave a good bit of air space in the case. If someone tried to drop another charge and failed to notice the overflowing powder or did not understand it, compressing a bullet on top of that case full of powder would cause dangerously high pressure. Something that I have experienced is powder "bridging" and clogging the nozzle of a powder measure. When this happens, one round will receive an undercharge and the next one will get the powder that stuck in the tube along with the next charge, which could be dangerous. It is good practice to always look down the mouth of the case after charging it to see if the powder level appears to be right. I have developed a practice of weighing the case, zeroing the electronic scale, charging, and re-weighing to see the actual weight of the powder charge. I'll admit I don't always do it, but it helps me to be more consistent with my technique so I get less variation in powder charge, aiding accuracy as well as safety. As to pistol powders, though they are very fast burning and high energy, many are bulky with a low volumetric density. Thus they may not produce as high a pressure in a full case as a too-fast but much slower burning rifle powder that is higher in bulk density. Many years ago when I was a teenager I read a story in a Gun Digest annual on the development of the Ruger Model 77 which I am referring to from nearly 50 year old memory. It said that they took a new M77 in 7mm Remington Magnum, dipped a primed case in Unique powder to fill it to the case mouth, seated a 175 grain bullet on top of that, loaded the rifle which was mounted in a rest in their proof testing room, and fired it remotely from outside. The gun remained intact, but the bolt had to be hammered open with a wooden mallet. The brass case head had filled the bolt face as though molten, extruding into the ejector and firing pin holes and around the extractor. When they got it all out, they measured everything very carefully and found all dimensions remained within factory specifications and the gun was operational. They scrapped it after that. I believe there is a similar story involving the Weatherby Mark V in the book "Weatherby" by Grits Grisham.
Thank you for your very detailed comment, and for sharing your experience with me and with the other viewers. Regarding the accident we were able to find the cases of the 3 precedent shots, and they didn't show any signs of overpressure, including a perfectly normal primer cup. Also, they were factory loads. As you guessed, the reason of the accident was the use of a wrong powder in the cartridge that caused the accident, which for whatever reason ended up mixed in the remington factory ammo the hunter was using. There is a high chance that somebody did that on purpose
the e isn't silent in catastrophe! fantastic content brother and amazing work doing it in a second language!!
Another really insightful video, great job!
Great information and demonstration. Thanks
The 2 bullets were moving at about 82.8m/s
Dang, didn't realize someone else already answered it.
I'm so glad to have found your channel! I hope you will get a lot more subs. You really deserve it for your well thought out content! Ciao!
Welcome aboard!
What can blow up a gun?
1: Wrong powder used in reloading causing over pressure.
2: Too much of the correct powder used in reloading or sometimes at the factory causing over pressure
3: Too little powder used in reloading or sometimes at the factory causing a squib load blocking the bore and the next round hits it causing over pressure.
4: A failure of the brass, either bad case or reloaded too many times causes pressure to leak into parts of the gun where it does not belong.
5: Mechanical failure of the parts like a fracture in the bolt face or barrel chamber.
6: Explosive used in place of powder as a booby trap for the enemy (used in war or combat zones)
Very good analyses!
Man I thank you for the information. And I hope you keep making your awsome videos like this one. But damaged guns are depressing. Keep making these awsome videos.
so...
gun mass 0.46Kg
projectile mass 2×180gr=23.3g
gun velocity 4.2ms
that gives us recoil energy (1/2mass times velocity squared) of 4 joules
then we can calculate the energy of the projectile by using this formula:
recoil energy equals projectile energy times (projectile weight divided by the gun weight)
we adjust the formula so we take the recoil energy 4j and we divide it by by projectile weight divided by gun weight 4j÷(23.3g÷460g)=78.9 joules of muzzle energy.
now we readjust the muzzle energy formula to get the velocity like this: velocity squared is equal to muzzle energy divided by half the mass v×v=78.9÷0.01165=6769, now we take the square root of that and get the answer that the projectile velocity is 82.2m/s
Blowed the whole receiver half, sheered the lugs off the bolt... That's nuts
So... Don't buy reloads? I'm good with that. I have a Henry big boy All Weather in .357 Mag/.38 SPL... Just bought it brand new in 2018. Thank you for the information. I'll just but high quality ammo from the gunshops and avoid reloads, plain n simple, no need to see someone else or myself get injured hunting or plinking with the son's. Walk well. Blue Skeleton
You're welcome! I would just suggest to avoid reloads made by unqualified people, they are the main cause of accidents...
Even commercial ammo can be dangerous, saw in a surplus page a guy that was shooting Italian produce 30-06 and he had a case head failure which split his M1 Garand rifle stock in half along at the comb of the stock as well and the bolt was locked in place at about half way. Poor reloading practices are very very dangerous or not documenting your loads and end up getting mixed loads.
Interesting and original video, thank you! I take it since no barrel obstruction was detected in the poor Browning, that this was an over pressure likely due to an incorrect powder. Very good instructional lesson with the test barrel obstruction demonstration. Several years ago I had a Remington R51 blow up in my hand due to an out of battery detonation. The postmortem revealed the case/breech was about 1-2mm out of battery as the case split down the feed ramp and destroyed and blew the magazine out the bottom. Fortunately, I (as always) was wearing eyes, ears, and shooting gloves. Only casualty besides the gun was a numb pinkie finger which was under the magazine when she let go. Many years of shooting and 10s of thousands of rounds and this was my only "incident". It really drive a respect for the amount of energy released when any cartridge, pistol or rifle, is fired!
Wow that's an interesting gun... Do you still have it? Were you able to salvage something?
@@Backyard.Ballistics I only have pictures. I returned the gun to Remington and got my money back.
@@buckhammer2 fair enough 😉
Thank you for sharing your story by the way
About 67,8m/s?
Sometimes I see the same results with two causes: squib loads (cartridge with primer and without powder, bullet jammed in the first 2 or 3 centimeters and a 2nd shot fired over it) or loaded with pistol powders...
Answer to the riddle. The velocity of the two bullets was 83 m/s (with 2 significant digits).
Thorough as you always are. Only difference I noticed... I usually laugh at your witty remarks at the end of the video. This time the thumbnail hit me right at the beginning though!
Could you do a video just about inspecting a barrel and show different examples of wear and damage? There are lots of videos inspecting barrels and calling them good or just barely mentioning the grooves are okay but there are very little negative examples besides sotar stuff. I'd be especially interested in handgun barrels.
What Is the best policy to avoid a wrong load like this besides using a scale to weigh every cartridge?
And this folks, is why you follow your load data to the grain and only keep one bottle of the correct smokeless powder in your reload station per run, and also weigh your cases before and after powder addition. Either the guy double loaded his powder charge or he used pistol powder (pistol powder is made of very tiny grains to increase surface area/burn rate, where rifle powder is made of much larger and slower burning grains to decrease burn rate and chamber pressure to accelerate the bullet more gradually than a pistol would). You could load a rifle with only a 75% charge of pistol powder and still get massive overpressure. The fact that that gun blew up the way it did, which is proof tested anywhere between 120% to 150% over it's working pressure, says a lot.
Really enjoying your videos and can’t wait to see more of them. I don’t know if this relates to you channel but I wonder if you can do a video where you explain why tilting bolts (fal, SVT 40) tend to lose accuracy as compared to rotating bolts
Ah man, seeing that browning in bits hurts as i want one lol
Do you think the chamber was pitted? So when the casing pressurized the brass expanded into the chamber pitting and the shell failed to extract resulting in that particular failure?
I don't think so. When the breech is opened while there is still high pressure in the chamber the friction between the case body and the bore is strong enough to keep it stuck in the chamber, while the pressure acting on the case head causes it to separate.
This is the same reason why delayed blowback guns require special expedients to avoid the brass sticking to the chamber.
Also was wondering about 15% macheads ground 20% ground barbeque charcoal 65% powdered coffee creamer. If your feelling ambitious sir .
Wow..amazing
How about doing a video explaining different propellant burn rates, powder shape , black powder, nitro cellulose.....etc
That's a good idea actually... I will include it in the next poll. The next video is gonna be about smokeless powder in a muzzleloader (safely)
Don’t forget about cordite.
@@fredb9957 got it ;)
Steel tube vs gun barrel. One of these thing may or may not be mild steel. The other one is typically chrome molly or other special tempered steel/stainless steel.
the tube was mild steel, the barrels are tipically made with a steel containing about 0.4% carbon, and low alloyed with Nickel, Chrome (about 0.7 to 1 % each) and Molybdenum (about 0.2%, serves to prevent temper embrittlement). In Europe a common one is 39NiCrMo3, which is similar to AISI 9840, or 42CrMo4, similar to AISI 4140.
Qualitatively, however, the bulging effects are very similar (of course happening at different stress levels)
Backyard Ballistics
The different stress levels was what I was getting at. Mild steel is known for its ability to bend almost fully back on itself before cracking. Whereas hardened metals tend to crack well before the same point. The 11 herbs and spices they use in different grades of steel are their for a reason, sometimes increasing ductility sometimes not.
Kentucky ballistics almost died when his .50 big died and sent pieces of the gun into his chest threw his lung, and a piece into his neck severing his artery. The o ly reason he loved is his dad was there helping him film and he stuck his thumb in the whole in his neck saving him from bleeding to death before he got to the hospital he came super close to dying. Large caliber gun blowing up is no joke.
good video . Learned something and subscribed
I like your ballistics laboratory! I hope you weren't hurt in the barrel obtruction test
Wow this dude knows his stuff!!
You never really explained what "usually' happens. "Wrong powder" for that charge amount? Pistol powder in a rifle? In pistols, all of the blowups I know about personally involved a "fast" powder, and often a small charge. They call this detonation,..but I don't think they know for sure what it is...except that it does happen in pistols with low charges. In a rifle, does detonation happen? I am skeptical that a slower burning rifle powder in an overcharge condition will do much more than wear out your rifle fairly quickly.. It is very hard to get enough of the "correct" powder in a rifle case to cause it to blow up...But there are a lot of folks out there using pistol powders in rifles to save money.
What happened in that case was the use of a fast burning powder without adapting the amount, and in my experience that's the only way of obtaining such a high overpressure.
When doing reduced loads on purpose, both in magnum revolver calibers and rifles, the accident reason that is by far the most common is a double dose of the fast propellant, and this type of accident happens quite often because small doses of powder in long cases can look like the case has not been loaded yet.
Often exotic phenomena like the proposed secondary explosion effect are used as an excuse to hide neglicence.
Finally, on the real existance of the SEE no scientific consesus exists at the moment, and if it exists it is so rare that no ballistic testing that I know of was able to make it happen at will. I would say that at least 98% of reported SEE accidents are in fact reloading mistakes.
Hope I answered your question, and sorry for the late reply
What would happen if a loose bullet had moved forward several mm in the cartridge, leaving an air-gap between the charge & projectile ?
What happened to hands were holding this gun ?
I can't calculate the muzzle velocity of the bullets without knowing the mass of the propellant used.
I guess I'm late to the party, but I will answer the question. This, unless I am mistake, merely a conservation of linear momentum problem. The linear momentum of the testing chamber is 0.46*4.2=1.932. Given that the bullets were 180 grain = 0.0116638kg each, that makes a total of 0.0349914kg of mass. Meaning that we get a velocity of ~55m/s.
What does to soot from the candle allow you to see, and what exactly are you looking for when you do it?
I used the soot just to reduce the glare of the bare metal, so that I could see the inside of the chamber without any distracting reflection. With that I was able to spot a little bit of bulging
Backyard Ballistics that’s rather neat. Thanks!
Another great video!
Hello from Sweden 🇸🇪
Thanks
Is the bolt head so rusty because it was recovered days (or an even longer period) later from the scene?
yes exactly, it was recovered a few days after the accident
@@Backyard.Ballistics Thanks. Interesting case.
@@Backyard.Ballistics Did you consult the manufacturer (Browning) to get their opinion about this spectacular failure? The same gun/action comes in .300 WSM, which has a much higher (~1.62 times higher) bolt thrust than the .30-06 during a lubricated proof firing. It means that the bolt should not have given in below some 7030 bar chamber pressure in this caliber (and this number already assumes a case head separation).
I see that there is no ring in the barrel, hence barrel obstruction can be excluded.
The permanent enlargement of the barrel around the chamber can give you a good idea about the maximum pressure that occured, if the manufacturer is willing to share the yield strength of the barrel with you.
"Im 95% of a real boy now"
Still very interested in use smokeless powder safely in black powder .I was always told it was extremely dangerous. Thanks
I'm filming it today😎
"Look mom, no more hands."
Ya that’s crazy I got a muzzleloader new did 3 shots of 50 grain then loaded 100 n it blows up in my face. Thang God I’m still here at 100% making me rethink this want for muzzleloader
I have a rifle like this, its a remington 740, made in 1955.
i no what will cause them to blow and thats a filthy gun .it may look clean on the out side but these types of autos have to be taken apart and cleaned as often as you shoot it.
It was a BAR?!
Damn. 😭
not the ww1/ww2 one , it's a semi auto with the same name
@@andreaberetta9656 still...
@@andreaberetta9656 it's still a damn shame. I always hate to see an old gun blow up. BARs are great rifles. I hope to get a semi auto version of the military one someday because I love military Firearms, and like to use them during deer season someday to get a feel for what it was like to lug them around.
@@hosedragger-204 someone makes a semi auto version and a modernized one
So 99% of failures is from reloaded ammo???? Or 99% of failures are from bore obstruction with factory ammo
Pressure, pressure, pressure
Probably someone put pistol powder instead of slow burning rifle powder.
This reminds me of the movie-"Gangs of Wasseypur" and the series-"Mirzapur". There, the Kattas(homespun local guns) tend to explode in people's hands
So what blew up the Browning?
A reloading mistake, considering the enormous pressure a wrong powder was probably used.
Well that was a decently Powerful blast, what kind of powder do you think was used?
Wrong powder. I’ve seen two shotguns destroyed by bad reloads.
Epic thumbnail
84m/s
was i right?
Barrel obstructions weak chambers bad ammo a combination of a few of those
I've got a home made pistol that shoots 22s I want to shoot it but I feel like it's going to blow up in my hand lol
The shaking of the hands is making me nervous
He has tremors, I think.
Gun did not blow up. As SpaceX says, gun encountered a "rapid and unscheduled disassembly." XD
I'm pretty sure that won't happen again!
But, what if a rabbit plugs the barrel with a carrot?
That thumbnail!!! :D
when a bullets hits a bullet in the barrel we call it a squib here in the USA
Thanks for the info. I heard that but wasn't sure of the exaxt meaning 😉
The "squib" is the under-powered load that left the bullet stuck in the bore.
@@OldSlidePicker under power is not the only thing that can cause a projectile to lodge in the barrel . A true squib is a collision inside the barrel between 2 projectiles or a projectile and some other bore obstruction.
I disagree on the terminology. A squib is an underpowered load. The obstruction and collision are the aftermath of a squib that did not clear the muzzle. If you search the term "Firearms glossary squib" you will find a lot of entries with definitions like this: squib load, also known as squib round, pop and no kick, or just squib: A firearms malfunction in which a fired projectile does not have enough force behind it to exit the barrel, and thus becomes stuck. Squib loads make the firearm unsafe to shoot, unless the projectile can be removed. (That one is from the Wikipedia firearms glossary, which is just the first one that came up.) I'm not trying to make a squabble over squibs, but it's good to stick to standard terminology to avoid confusion.
@@OldSlidePicker a bent barrel, lead fouling , firing out of battery, defects in copper jacket and other conditions van cause a projectile to get stuck
solved in seconds... its a two piece receiver .. so it bound to come apart after X number of rounds.. next time, but a quality rifle and you'll never have this problem.
Dammmn son !!!...
sorry, to lazy for calculations...
But v_0=v_gun * m_gun/m_bullets.
The friction losses of the gun against the table would be a small corection to raise v_0
I have a step brother that blew up a shotgun while dove hunting. Of course it wasn't his fault even though he has been reloading his own shells for decades and had not cleaned his gun for 3 or 4 years. It was that trash bennelli shotgun 🙄
I've heard stories like that at least one thousand times😂
Nice IED
Double pour reload.
Well it would have been pretty obvious to the reloader, as two regular loads wouldn't fit in the case, and powder from the second load would spill out... I think it is more likely that the wrong powder was used, like a pistol or shotgun powder. But i guess we'll never know...
My guess is somebody slipped him a doctored round. In 06 cal a heavy charge of pistol powder would do that .
You could probably get a triple charge of pistol powder in it and that would be plenty enough...
Thinking back, a over charge of 10 grains of the proper powder could have a similar effect. Smokeless powder can be that way.
And yes it could have been a factory
Loaded round.
Not unheard of.
Federal used to be famous for messing up shotgun shells years ago.
Now I don't know.
I haven't heard of any bad stuff lately.
Maybe they fixed their problems.
I like it when my guns explode, it's an easy disassembly! •sarcasm•
The answer is pie
Shake a bit more mate, jesus.
You're not hitting a target anytime soon
go to your room