Liquid Electrons - Periodic Table of Videos
HTML-код
- Опубликовано: 1 май 2014
- Solvated electrons - sodium in ammonia.
Featuring Dr Rob Stockman from the University of Nottingham.
Hello Internet podcast: www.hellointernet.fm
And on RUclips (although a few weeks behind): bit.ly/HelloInternetYT
More chemistry at www.periodicvideos.com/
Follow us on Facebook at / periodicvideos
And on Twitter at / periodicvideos
From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: bit.ly/NottChem
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: www.bradyharan.com/
A run-down of Brady's channels: bit.ly/bradychannels 
Наука
Wow, this is a really good proof that Metallic sheen is caused by free electrons, then. Ammonia is a clear, colourless liquid, but a saturation of electrons causes it to appear metallic
Beautiful
what happens if you stick a wire in it? do the electrons moving around produce an electrical current?
why was this video so negative?
You should really start putting the chemical reaction equations on the videos, even if for a brief moment, it really helps understand what it going on
The reason it is shiny (if I'm not mistaken) is that just like in a metal you have "free" electrons that move around unhindered, for the most part. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, the oscillating electric field causes the "free" electrons to absorb the energy and oscillate at the same frequency. They then produce an identical electromagnetic wave in the opposite direction, which is why the solution (like a metal) appears shiny and opaque (metallic in other words). At least that's what I think is happening.
Reading the comments here, you need to do a video on what metals are pronto. Different electron gas models would be a welcome bonus I guess.
so can you extract the electrons and have a jar of electrons?
Holy unnormalized audio, batman.
It would be great if you tried to apply an electric or magnetic field to it, they are electrons after all, it's very probable that something interesting will happen.
That dynamic range in this video... quiet *DEAFENING* quiet *DEAFENING*.....
Or if you have bad audio devices: audible /silence/ audible /silence/
My first thought was "That must have a gigantic static electric charge" :)
The sodium likes to lose an electron. Are you sure? I'm positive.
Brady, tell the professors, that the chemistry fans want more videos more often :)
Wow that reaction looked so beautiful,like a work of art. I wonder if you stuck a wire into the solvated electrons onto a grounded electric motor or lightbulb would it work? I just had a think for 30 seconds,No it wont! lol
That last part.. the reaction going on is beautiful :3
So to what molarity do the electrons have to reach to achieve that interesting state in the solution?
And most interestingly, what is the conductivity of that shiny solution?
One of the most intriguing and interesting video I've seen in a while. I was totally unaware of this reaction. That is really interesting! Thanks Brady, as always!
The solvated electrons are used to for Birch Reductions for aromatic compounds. So to anyone asking what it's used for now you know
This is how chemistry should be taught. Sticks to your head goddamit unlike mugging the "student friendly" NCERT book.
Does the electron solution have a net negative charge that could be used in electrostatic experiments?
i love youtube and content providers this is going to change the world as we know it
Absolutely awesome video! More chemical reactions like this please! I appreciate the explanations of what was happening at the root level.
I really enjoy these videos! :)
I honestly share the same passion for chemistry. Keep the videos coming!
Literally just had a lecture on this today!
Good review
Do the free electron solutions conduct electricity?
Hey I know when you reduce pressure you can make water boil at room temperature I've never seen anyone do the reverse and make water freeze at room temperature is this possible?
Very nice video well captured loved it
This was great footage
A remarkable experiment, I'm not sure if I've even seen anything like this before, electrons in solution. The second colour change I did not expect! The intricate chemistry.
Such a beautiful reaction!
Metals are atoms buried in seas of electrons. This may explain why a solution of electrons looks metallic.
Awesome video!
Random bottle of methanol in the fume hood ftw.
Would the electrons in the tube react to a positive charge?
I'm SO going to nottingham!
So the electrons in here are just in the same state as they are in any metal: Just floating around, not being part of any atom.
What is the density of electrons in solution?
Are there any reactions that produce higher concentrations of solvated electrons?
Could you get a chunk of metal if you froze that stuff?
It would probably be a very light metal.
What happens if you poured the metallic stuff out?
Is the opacity of the metallic mass the electrons or the ammonia? Are the electrons really as dense as a liquid?
cool video,..any applications to solvated electron solutions? can it exist at room temp?
So could this be some kind of super Battery cell? Is the result concentration of electrons stable across a range of temperatures?
Brady, you have delivered me some truly amazing videos. I've loved just about everything of yours I've seen, which is most of it. But dude, your audio levels are often way too low, especially in this vid. Amazing reaction though, and good to see some new "Periodic Videos" again. Keep up the fantastic work! (But please, do it louder!)
what is the reactionterm of this reaction?
(sry for my grammar, im from germany)
Element 117 has been confirmed! Your move, Brady
Nice! That was a reaction i really wanted to see =)
Wow, very cool reaction
i love this!
Is it metallic colored because the electrons are similar to how they are in a metal (ie free-flowing)?
Let me get this straight, pure electrons look silvery/bronze; reflect light in a metallic sheen?
why didnt they brig the electrons in to fresh air to see what happens please make a video of that
That looked rather interesting. :)
Now I wonder, how does it behave frozen?
So, is it that a lot of electrons make the metals look shinny and give then their conductivity?
What is conductivity of this solution?
aaaaaaahhhhhh that's amazing!
What would happen if you put a magnet close to the tube?
I'd love to see a ketone or an aldehyde being reduced by it. Maybe the look changes from metallic to blue and then colorless.
Please correct me if I'm wrong,
What he's doing is inducing metallic properties to a molecule that would otherwise not be metallic? I know the reason metals are shiny is because of their "sea of electrons" where the metals allow their electrons to move freely from one atom to the next. Is that what's happening here?
What happens if you eat pure electrons?
Does it conduct electricity?
quick definition: solvated: some ion or molecule that is the solvent (dissolved) within a solute(the thing that does the dissolving), where the solvent is encased (trapped) in the solute.
alright so fact checking via comment system lets do this.
1) pure electrons are possible
A) We have not created a large enough sample to be visible (that I know of)
B) the magnets need to keep them stable would obstruct view
C) they would be moving, fast.
2)"Why is a solvated electron solution less dense?" Electrons all have negative charges so they are pushing/being pushed by other electrons.
3) "What happens with a wire stuck in?" erm... as far as i can find a small voltage is made (2.5 Volts, double a AA battery's voltage)
My questions:
1) why is there a two different densities to be separated out?
2) what is electron deficient?
3) could that electron deficiency be used some how?
Solvated electrons? How does that work?
If this can conduct electricity....that would be cool. Does anyone know a use for "solvated electrons" or is it just a curiosity.
So Electrons are soluble all by themselves? And in high concentrations too? Wow, that's unexpected!
Why do they not just go away? As the whole thing heats up again, is there a measurable increase in beta-radiation, or are the electrons too slow for that even when heated back up?
And how does the whole thing behave if you put it into a circuit? Could this be used to light a light bulb?
If an alkyne were added, would it be reduced to a trans-alkene?
Hey guys, since it works with ammonia, then will it work with other light amines?
Im thinking that you should try it with methylamine, since it has a much higher boiling point. If that works, you could get solvated electrons at only about -5C!!! (Which would be awesome)
Even cooler (irony i guess) if it could work with ethylamine. You should test that with some of the other amines, and see if you could get the solated electron at SRC, cause i think ethylamine has a boiling point of around SRC!
Can the liquid electrons be used in any way or was it just a cool demonstration?
fascinating . with that many available electrons, would I be correct in thinking the contents of the test tube are to be considered very hazardous to exposed skin or being inhaled?
You are. Even without the added Sodium, liquid NH3 is very agressive and starts vaporizing when warmed, thus the cooling with liquid nitrogen. If you inhale the gaseous NH3, it forms an ammonia solution with the water in your lungs.
i expected them to take out the shiny looking thing
so the colour of copper may be due to the easily flowing electrons ?
The bronze metallic appearance is caused by what? Are the electrons changing energy states and releasing photons. Or are we actually seeing the nano structure of the ammonia atoms arranged to solvate the electrons. The color and sheen being the result of how the photons interact with the nano structure, like the color of butterfly wings or the iridescent sheen of an oil slick.
what do you get if you add a bit of C10H15NO? Good Times!
So what are the implications of this?
In my canal i have clips of strontium and ytterbium metals in liquid ammonia.
Is there ever a moment in chemistry where you can get truly free electrons?
So, this may be a silly question, but what would pure electrons look like? Is it even possible to have a solution of pure electrons?
I am the first commentor and I wanted to tell u I like all ur experiments
First thing I noticed was the reaction mixture was black, not royal blue like it should be. I would be willing to bet he didn't use anhydrous ammonia, or it was humid that day and some how the reaction vessel was unsealed for a prolonged period of time. Any amount of water will ruin the reaction, and anhydrous ammonia will suck water from the air. You could use it to make a desiccator bag if you wanted. The quenching procedure is simply done to stop the failed reaction, isopropyl ethanol consumes the electrons so they cant react to anything. It might be interesting to the guy filming it, but if he had to repeat the experiment at 2 in the morning to meet a deadline he probably wouldn't think it was that cool. I could feel this chemists pain when the camera man was excited about the quenching.
So that means that electrons colour is bronze metallic? It never even occurred to me what colour electrons are O_o. *MINDBLOWN* It never occurred to me the electrons even HAVE a colour, which is silly now that I think about it because colour is not something to be "had" really...
So what colour are protons and neutrons? Can we find out?
what does the ammonia smell like.
I'm still not sure what type of science I should pursue in collage physics or chemistry
what was the clear bit at the bottom i didnt quite understand
That was isopropanol.
Needs magnets.
I wish they'd explained what "solvated" means a little better.
6:31
can you take out the gold liquid and save it for something?
You can, but not for long. Although ammonia and other amines don't react nearly as quickly as water, they still do react to form sodium amide. Perhaps tertiary amines wouldn't react though.
Cool
Can you burn it? Dry it?
Huh. So, sodium complexes with six ammonia molecules and makes a salt called an "electride" because the anion is an electron. And I guess it's soluble in ammonia. Looks pretty darn cool.
What would happen if the ammonia evaporated?
Liquid Electrons? Dry them and pack into batteries!
Solvated Electron Terminator is coming to get John Connor. Skynet lives!
Looks cool but what practical purpose in industry or everyday life do solvated electrons have?
Is it a chemical?
Why was I never allowed to experiment in High School chemistry instead of repeating reactions on a small scale and being docked for points because it didn't come out perfect or I didn't write the report correctly for experiments that have been done everywhere. This graduate student or professor is like - I need to find the molar balance by squirting a bunch of isopropyl hap hazardly into the mixture.
You might try deuterate isopropanol when you try this experiment....
Just a suggestion...
A fun story: A person in the city I study stole a lot of science things. Including a box of sodium blocks. Finally his parents and his brother managed to convince him to give the pieces of equipment back. He gave everything except the box of sodium blocks back. His mother found the box and decided to get rid of them. She trew the pieces of sodium in the toilet and flushed. When she was in the garden, the sodium reacted with the water in the pipes and the whole front of the house got blown off. Moral of the story: don't throw sodium in the toilet.
What I'm very curious is that what happens when you touch those free electrons... LOL you could trick someone to drink this and they'll be drinking electricity :P
I think the experimental technique shown here could be improved. A RBF with at least a stirrer, cold finger and thermometer should have been used.
1:46 I'd say it's more of a deep purple