What can my homemade quantum computer do?
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- Опубликовано: 25 авг 2024
- This video was supported by Screen Australia and Google through the Skip Ahead initiative.
Part 1 is here: • I made a (useless) qua...
f you want to do this experiment at home, you can! It's very simple.
All you'll need is:
- a weak red laser pointer (the type in cat toys are generally safe)
- polarizing film or polarizing filter. If you have polaroid glasses or certain camera ND filters you may already have this. Otherwise it's available on amazon
- half waveplate (the plastic thing) is this one: www.edmundopti... (λ/2 Retarder Film (WP280))
- You don't need calcite, but if you want to play with it, you can find it on etsy usually. Look for a sample that's exceptionally clear
Am I getting this right? Quantum computing allows for all possible inputs to be entered as a single input, it then isolates all the inputs and performs the algorithm on each isolated input, then the output is mixed back into a single output of all possible answers. The "magic" is the algorithm is ran on each isolated input at the same time instead of in serial like a normal PC would do in a loop. So the more qubits you can support the more input/output states can be handled at the same time.
Yup, that’s exactly right! The tricky thing is getting something useful out of that big final state. Usually you can’t- but annoyingly all the information really has been calculated. There’s only a handful of special cases known when you can get some useful info out of the final state
Yes, the quantum computer works on the different basis states in parallel but keep in mind that the number of basis states in a superposition scales _exponentially_ with the number of qubits. This means that for n qubits, you can get a superposition of 2^n states which get treated separately by part of the algorithm until they are recombined. For example, for 10 qubits, you can get a superposition of 1024 states.
So them being capable of working on states in parallel is like half of the speedup. Just working on things in parallel is something that a GPU can do already, but not exponentially so.
So like quantum multithreading?
@@LookingGlassUniverseAm I correct that the class of Constraint System Problems like a sudoku puzzle, map coloring, and wave propagation tiling could be solved in a single step given a big enough set of qubits to represent the state?
@@thememermonkeyIn a complex plane, or multidimensional if you like.
This is what I love about physics. It's like "You can demonstrate fundamental truths about the universe just using a handful of items. You probably have this one in the back of a drawer somewhere, you might have this one under the sink, and this one costs THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS."
the universe loves shoving things about itself in our faces until the topic shifts to one of its insecurities
The universe is a sim imo. Does the physics of a video game matter to you? It's been programmed into the sim, things are likely exaggerated like they are in games.
precision repeatability that adequately isolates environmental variables (including installation and a maintenance plan, sturdy enough to survive years of undergrads) costs thousands of dollars. Demonstrating an effect, especially an allegory of an effect or at least the concept of the effect, can be incredibly inexpensive. Its the actual analytical hardware that gets pricey. Partly because of the small market, partly because of the captive market (gives Thor Labs the stink eye), but yeah, a lot of cool stuff can be done with effectively trash. Hell, there is even a trash laser (the nitrogen TEA laser I believe)!
Part 1 (where I make the quantum computer): ruclips.net/video/muoIG732fQA/видео.html
If you want to do this experiment at home, you can! It's very simple.
All you'll need is:
- a weak red laser pointer (the type in cat toys are generally safe)
- polarizing film or polarizing filter. If you have polaroid glasses or certain camera ND filters you may already have this. Otherwise it's available on amazon
- half waveplate (the plastic thing) is this one: www.edmundoptics.co.uk/f/polymer-retarder-film/14827/ (λ/2 Retarder Film (WP280))
- You don't need calcite, but if you want to play with it, you can find it on etsy usually. Look for a sample that's exceptionally clear
At @11:20 you say one lambda and full wave plate. But that should be half lambda as here in the description, right? One lambda wouldn’t change the light, right?
Ms. Mithuna, if you do not use superposition as you explained, then it is a quantum computer without its advantage over traditional computers, but yes, it is a quantum computer. And the computation you showed is indeed computation, but it is seeing in the opposite direction of what most people are used to, even with the use of "calculators".
Thanks for showing, for some in an apparently inadvertent way, that any action is computation, and that any computer is an "informatic searcher".
Very clear calcite may be sold under the varietal name "iceland spar"
Really, really enjoyed this video. I've seen this problem explained before, but usually it's done so fast that after a while I retain nothing. But with your slow pace + real life demo (and not just animation) I have the feeling it got engraved in my mind this time (and the HW answer is balanced).
However, what I really want to know is why light slows down ?? 😉😅
As a quantum computing (experimentalist) Ph.D. student, it’s nice to hear that you second guess everything as well 🙃 my least favorite part of studying is how I’ll end up spending 2 hours second guessing everything on a topic I previously thought I mastered only to realize I was right from the beginning. Your video about light slowing down and the evident struggle of self-teaching has to be the most reassuring thing ever - so thank you for that. Us physicists live for the a-ha moments though, I suppose 🙂 loved the video and your art style, keep up the great work!
life of a scientist. Everytime you get the smallest insecurity you have to investigate :D But this is ultimately what makes us better.
Well, imagine the swindler has put another black box in the first, unbeknownst to you, 90° out of phase, from it's prior use. Best that you find an alternate field of study before it's too late!
as an overly educated evolutionary biologist still traumatized by the academic experience of emails and their responses 😂, let’s try to please find less generic phrases such as “keep up the good work” in response to truly unique and ingenious efforts. Love you all 🎉.
@NinjamagicsFind an advisor/mentor that is a good person that offers you freedom to explore and learn while also offering true mentorship and feedback. You have to decide the field and choose with discernment and after many days of nerding out on the subject field and literatures. After immersing in the literature , contact your chosen prospective interest advisors. Their response or lack there of will be extremely informative as to where you are at in your educational journey , where you fit, and whether or not they are a fit for you. Dive deep and have fun friend.
@Ninjamagics What is your dream? I was doing [AI] neural networks and expert systems in the late 1970s [!!!] in FORTRAN, because I was automating complex data analysis and automating decision trees. I didn't know it was "AI" ... I found I could get more jobs by applying my AI work, than I could by continuing to do spectroscopic analysis. ;-)
Instantly subbed when you showed the parts where you were confused and working it out. We don't always see this part of the process, and it's so important for reminding us that it's okay to make mistakes. It was even better being able to see you reach a genuine moment of insight at 22:54. And this presentation was crystal clear--I learned a ton! A general note: please increase the volume; the ads were way louder than the video
Some time ago I took a course on quantum computing, but I never expected to see such a nice illustration with simple materials. What's even more funny is that I'm also learning about optical mineralogy, where these principles are relevant as well. An unknown mineral could behave pretty much like the secret box and the way of finding out is rather similar.
29:56 I THINK I'M JUST STARTING TO GRASP WHAT "CHOOSING ONE" OR "COLLAPSING" MEANS!!! Thank you, thank you, thank you. I don't fully understand quantum computing yet, but this was really helpful to even start. This was so abstract before this video, I can't believe you made a didactic tool so powerful.
It's crazy... This was rather scattered and yet gave me much better insight than most other explanations 🤣🤷♂️
I watched the first video, and now here i am. Usually, i skip a lot when watching RUclips, but your explanation beat my adhd
Very cool! Makes me want to get back to making quantum circuits.
If you add a *polarizing beam splitter to the end of the circuit and 2 photoresistors to each mode (H or V) connected to an arduino, you can interface your circuit with your computer.
I did that to build a QRNG a few years back that I used to generate mazes, was the most useful circuit I could make with a single beam splitter lol
Christ alive, I’ve been wondering how quantum computers work since I was a kid and learned about them in the 00’s. This explanation/experiment has cleared up so much for me. And thank you for making me feel smart by answering the question in my head of “would it be possible to measure if it’s a 0 or -0 by splitting the beam and checking the interference”.
The fact it’s explained with pipe cleaners and polarized filters makes me upset that we never did this at home 😅
I took a cours in quantom computing and your videos just blew my mind. Everything became crystal clear ! I’ve sent the link to many of my professers and they loved it to. Instant sub, thanks for taking time to make these brillant videos.
Well that was an hour of useful information (watched both videos in one sitting). I’ve been searching for someone to explain in a human manner how quantum computing works at the 1/0 state of digital computers. No one has until these videos. I can see why they are more powerful than digital, and why it’s so difficult to compute with them. To me they are similar to an analog computer which was thought to be more powerful than digital but it was just harder to get to work properly. Cudos to you! And thank you!🙏
But this quantum computer lacks its advantage over "traditional computers"...
analog is not comparable to quantum at all.
Analog is very much classical in its workings. There are no superposition calculations going on in analog systems.
The potential of analog systems is speed. Using the physical properties of electricity to do the actual calculations - is very fast.
The downside is flexibility. An analog circuit is only able to do a very specific calculation. It is not programmable in the same sense as a digital curcuit.
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This means that analog systems have great potential to speed up our digital computers, as a computation accelerator deployable in certain situations. Very much like a graphics card in its specific usecases.
If the whole system is suppose to be analog, you will have very low flexibility after deployment. Kind of contrary to what makes computers extremely widely useful.
Its not like I know a mathematical proof, but something tells me intuitively that building a turing complete system in complete analog is basically impossible. You will always depend on some digital circuits for programmability.
@@jonaswox wow you just wrote a whole book to prove my point.
You said “the potential of analog systems is speed” that’s the exact same potential of quantum computers.
You said “analog circuits is only able to do a very specific calculation” that is the exact same as saying quantum computer can perform one single algorithm.
You said analog is not programmable in the same sense as a digital circuit. So are quantum computers based of what the videos show.
So clearly both quantum and analog are comparable. And just so that there’s no confusion, in my statement I said they are similar, I’m very much aware of the fact that quantum checks the particle position to perform its task, and analog uses frequencies to perform its tasks.
FYI, we already have analog processors to perform matrix multiplication for AI purposes. They are much faster than digital processors and use less power. We also have light processors for the same purposes as the analog processors. Both analog and light are much better suited for AI, but right now they’re just too expensive. This is what we’re going to need to solve the complex problems artificial intelligence is trying to solve. Quantum computing is probably going to smoke light and analog, but it’ll use more power to do so.
@@ElvisRandomVideos You are obviously not educated in the subject. No offense :) Im not proving your point at all :D Yes it seems like you have discovered the potential of embedded systems ;) I once was in a course on embedded systems, ... 20 years ago
Dedicated circuits for specific calculations is not a new idea at all. And you always pay with flexibility when gaining speed.
I love the symmetry in this experiment. (3 possible ways to split those functions into pairs and for each pairing there is a measurement to discern which pair the function belongs to, but we still need 2 measurements to get the 2 bits needed to identify the function.)
Yeah! Welcome to information theory :) With a classical computer, you would never be able to get beyond that. There would be different ways to measure, potentially, but it's fundamentally impossible to get more information out of it than you put in, and with a classical computer, the information you put in can only have one bit. With quantum computing, it has to turn classical at the far end (the final measurement step), so there's still a fundamental limit (with one superposition input and one measurement, you still can't tell exactly which function it is), but there are now measurement forms that involve TWO inputs.
This was honestly extreamly helpful in understanding the role of quantum computing. Thanks for uploading this!
Thankyou. This and your previous video are the only ones in the umpteen zillion I've watched that actually show me what a qubit is and and how they are used to represent a problem. I mean a conventional computer uses the analogy of low voltage and high voltage to implement Boolean algebra. With a quantum computer, you must come up with a problem that can be realized as an analogy in one of the quantum mediums (e.g. photon qubits for your experiment) in such a way that the superposition encodes information consistent with |0> and |1>. Also, now I understand that the power is not just that qubit can attain a range of values, but that you set up the problem such that you INPUT a superposition in the first place.
Your videos are so good, have to binge watch them all now
Fantastic video. I've heard these concepts before, but a simple and elegant demonstration like this is really valuable. Great job.
Very happy to see this channel continue to grow and spread quantum awareness!
26:05 Yes, beam splitter. 🙂 Was waiting too long for the term "beam splitter".
having the jozsa as your phd supervisor must be so cool! literally one of the founders of quantum algorithms, hella jealous
Great narrative and explanation. I love that you showed your confusion and perseverance through doubting yourself - a key part of the learning process in my experience!
I love seeing your learning process in working with this! It helps me learn along with you!
I think using a continuously shining light, and computing by changing aspects of the light is super clever!
And... If I understand correctly, the final experiment was balanced.
I'm so excited I found this channel, I love science but don't get to scratch that itch in my line of work. This feels like I'm right there doing the experiment, thank you
It blows my mind that ANY human can come up with a q-alhorithm .....like, it's crazy. Grover's, shor, quantum courier, etc etc. it almost feels like you have to know the answer before the algorithm 🤷
Machine learning is a super cool way to explore the space of q-states. Maybe folks will use it to explore possible q-alhorithms 🤷
I like you showing the messiness of the scientific process. Well done....more should show this!
Love your explanation of duetsch-josza so far (the electron goes AGAINST the E-field though....minor pickyness. Use a positron) 👍👍👍😍😍 great supplement to Mike and ike
So true! They feel like magic when everything perfectly cancels in just the right way at the end!
Eh, it accelerates rather than "going", so its displacement will be 180° out of phase with the negative of the EM wave.
Sorry, but what perfectly canceled in the just the right way??@@LookingGlassUniverse
I have been wanting a video like this for years lol. thank you so much!
Finally a video that explains theiugh demonstration hiw quantum comouters work and what they do. Most videos repeat the same concepts about superposition, but don't explain exactly how the tech itself is set up to work.
Wave plates have axes of their own. They shift one component in that coordinate system relative to the other component in that coordinate system. Quarter wave plates shift by 90 degrees and half wave plates by 180 degrees. If the incoming polarization has equal x and y components, then quarter wave plates convert linear polarization into circular polarization and vice versa. Half wave plates allow us to rotate an incoming polarization by any amount.
Fun video! Advice- cast a shadow on the laser paper so it can be seen better. It's a bit washed out and hard to see.
Sorry about that!!
I think the background is a metafor for what it feels like to watch this as a ley person.
I understood more of it than any other video about quantum computation though, so that’s good.
And... not a question, but how this experiment is presented (figuring out which part can work as which operation, getting confused sometimes, etc.) really makes it seems like you and the audience are doing science together... which I don't see a lot :)
I loved everything about this video. Thank you so much for putting all this effort into the experiment and explaining what's going on
Thank you so much for your video, and for the delightful drawings that accompany it!
Reversibility does not sound boring! I want to hear more about that
If a system gives a constant output for any input, then you cannot guess what the input was given the output. Guessing the input means that you want to reverse the process(in your head)to know the initial state. Any process described by the Schrödinger equation is a reversible process so any quantum system has to be reversible.
Feynman's Lectures on Computation describes the connections between reversible computing and quantum computing nicely.
This gives context for the thermodynamics in computing, and a brief mention of quantum computing too: ruclips.net/video/XY-mbr-aAZE/видео.html
This explanation was super awesome! Thank you so much :D
Thank you very much for this clear explanation, I finally understand thanks to you what we mean by "quantum computer", how we can make "calculations" with light. It’s magical! Bravo for your work!!!!
300k strong, congratulations!
Thank you!!
I love how exited you are!
The quality of teaching here is extraordinary
I'm surprised that you had a quantum computing phd all this time and we didn't know about it. That's a huge asset for you!
this is both easy and hard to understand at the same time... I love it
Congrats for getting it to fully work. I think a view visuals could help making this easier to grasp - from looking at your setup I can't really see which filter is ofiented in which way. What does 45° even referemce too? Is the table surceface 0°?
This is a really good illustration of observation in Quantum mechanics.
We can only "test" for one of the states at a time, be it the |1>, the |0>, the |+> or the |->. What we get is defined by how we choose this basis of measurement, and none of these might actually be the states of the particle - the state of the particle just gives it some likelyhood to interact similarly, or oppositely of the state we chose to measure.
I think this experiment would be augmented nicely if the light we get at the end was to be measured by a simple photodiode and voltmeter system, so we could see exactly when the strength of the light is halved and when we get a, say, 30-60 distribution.
Also, as a random thought: we got two measurements in the end.
Would that be "cheating" when the riddle states that we can only "use" the quantum computer _once?_
[I’m writing many comments. This is 1] I really like this video. I’ll preface by saying that I’ve taken a graduate level course in quantum computing and am very familiar with quantum mechanics. As a complete introduction for someone knowing nothing, I think you jumped into polarization of light and wave-plates a bit quickly by just taking the model for granted. I imagine people with no background there will struggle to follow.
But at the same time you take things slowly and clearly. The visual aids are great.
You manage to make it very hands on and yet functional. Of course, in making a serious quantum computer a big issue is to create and preserve entanglement which you don’t really need for a 1qbit version. But that’s exactly the cheat that makes this simple enough.
The notation with 1 and 0 and + and - is really confusing. It would have been helpful to rewrite the functions when introducing the quantum version of the black box. For example 0: flipped/1: not flipped. When writing with the markers on your white board different color could be used too.
(using the white board as the optical bench and for notes is genius btw!)
|+> is just the superposition of the usual 0,1 basis with a plus: |0> *+* |1> (and a global factor of 1/sqrt(2) that's not necessary to get the idea across)
|-> is the same but combined with a minus (on the 1s side): |0> *-* |1> (and same factor of 1/sqrt(2) )
So the names for |+> and |-> are self explanatory
@@Tomyb15 huh? zero plus minus doesnt equal plus.
@@authenticallysuperficial9874 my mistake. I meant to write |1> there.
@@Tomyb15 I know, but for the purposes of this explanation video they are not ideal.
Technically waveplate has fast/slow axis. So, in order to make the experiment more convincing, instead of conveniently constructing F3 & F4 mystery function with simply an “empty” box, you can actually aligning the waveplate fast axis exactly to |+>, and you will get -|+>. Still, it is absolutely a great video! Appreciate it a lot.
Editing suggestion: you seem to have a small but usable library of graphic assets to play with. For times when you need to insert a voice-over from the editing room, create a reusable graphic assets from those smaller assets you currently have to quickly drop in and avoid the black screen. Example: the Mad Hatter standing in the center of the frame with his bow spinning on the tree and field background. Or Alice with thoughts bubble and in the thought bubble is a 3 dots who's opacity is fading in and out in a wave. HAPPY EDITTING!
I think the physical representations of your functions might be flipped around. Shouldn’t the function that does nothing (0 -> 0 and 1 -> 1) actually be nothing (the empty box scenario)? Overall, shouldn’t your results be this: if the polarization doesn’t change from input to output then it’s a balanced function, and if it changes by 90 degrees then it’s a constant function?
She messed up spin 1/2 qubit with photon qubit, she thought light polarization flipped means 0 -> 1, which is not true.
Flipping the EM wave only introduces a Pi phase shift into original quantum state, you need a photonic Pauli-X gate to rotate the polarization by 90 degree, which can be easily achieved by two properly aligned mirrors, or a properly aligned 1/2 lambda waveplate. She claims herself a PhD student without realizing her wrong explanation cannot even convince herself.
As far as I understand, the output of 1 is represented by negating the state (08:57). So the do nothing function is |0⟩ -> |0⟩ and |1⟩ -> -|1⟩.
You just earned yourself a follow.
Fascinating stuff.
I like how you explain, it makes me think and thus learn instead of a superficial way which I then forget when the lesson is over.
Glad to see I understand how quantum computers work. I wasn't sure before I watched this video!
I always complain when people say "factor a prime number" instead of "factor a composite number" ... but it's actually a real, hard problem that should better be called "proving a number is prime", which is very useful. If there are only 2 factors, the number itself and 1.
NGL, I saw that it took you 40 minutes to do the verification and it made me think of what Joel Spolsky said about PhD computer science people in the industry: basically if they aren't sure they get wrapped around the axle about being sure rather than just kicking out "something". Which is great in the scientific field, not so much commercially. That said, as a not PhD computer science human in the industry who tries to balance both, I appreciate your approach and love that you took the time. I wish I had the time, which is why I am thinking about doing my PhD.
I don't think it is necessarily good for the scientific field. People take a lot of time thinking about something rather than just trying something. If you have more action you can actually test whether your idea/ way of thinking was correct or incorrect. Then you can change what you have learned during the process if it was incorrect. You may even stumble across something interesting during the process. There's a balance to be had even in the scientific field, what's the point in thinking about stuff and wasting time when you can just test it? Ofc if depends on resources, but from a data scientist perspective I find some academic pondering debilitating for some projects.
@@liambailey5630 Unfortunately, at the Ph.D. level or at the level where you extend the boundaries of science, the goal is to prove or disprove something, and fully document your process and thoughts, so that your peers can understand, reproduce, extend, or prove it wrong. Outside of that level, at the engineering or application level, the goal to "fail quickly" is indeed much more productive. In some fields, that's good, while in others... for example medicine, I'd prefer that drug companies, etc. use the complete and transparent scientific method with peer review... rather than the "fail quickly" method that doesn't always explore completely and deeply.
@@hanksimon1023 Just because you provide quick action does not mean that the methodology is not documented or that its unethical. You can test ideas quickly without pondering for months. Some drugs were discovered by accident not by thinking. Obviously, testing on subjects rather than testing ideas in a lab is different. I agree that there needs to be a balance though.
@@hanksimon1023 Science is experimental, and failing (i.e. proving something is incorrect) should be considered a good thing.
@@liambailey5630 Thalidomide was tested inadequately. And, the Pfizer CEO refused to release early data on the COVID vaccine, saying that the data were company proprietary... This is a not so subtle way of saying that his profits [and confirmation bias] were more important than peer review.
that is not the first time i kinda understood quantum computers but i think this time i am going to remember, nobody ever did anything that detailed and yet informal way enough for me to stay that long watching
Super cool to see animations; glad to see sponsors funding some of this work! The passion and perspiration is irreplaceable tho...
PS: Nobody said there would be homework! 😮 I think the top secret box is a balanced function because only the first cuts out
Hi. I'm not AT ALL 'Super Math Guy' so excuse the 'input', PLEASE; but, "PS: Nobody said there would be homework! 😮" cracked me UP!! (I'll have to take /n times to rewatch this - and others.) Appreciate you folks! 👍 [Barry Setterfield and Halton Arp and WG Tiff and - by reference - JW Selentic, Bernand Haisch, Hal Puthoff, Timothy Boyer, Luis de la Pena (with out 'the math') are my 'stimulus'.
9:58 Correct, in the opposite direction first, but it remains in the same polarization. Just phase-shifted by 180°.
0:02 You are the only youtuber who says, "You don't have to watch my previous video " 😂😂
Even if you could calculate anything related to prime numbers - that’s such a specific task, such that it would be impossible to really get the benefits from it.
As a data scientist, I prefer using older computers (~ 5 years old) over newer / faster ones, because it helps me to understand how my programs will perform on most people’s devices. And I save money.
Quantum computers can be very expensive I hear. I think it’ll definitely benefit cryptography, like you said. It’s cool that you can make one, and understand the pros and cons.
Mk ultra background lol. One of the longest running quantum computer programs.
I was so happy to hear you were confused, because I was feeling very stupid.
We don't get the answer to the final question?! How cruel!
I love these past few videos (and your past ones for that matter) because they made me understand what quantum computing is and what it isn't, as well as how it generally works. Amazing work!
You really are blessed with that teacher mentality.
You have the ability to simplify things thats easy to understand for a novice like me !
Brilliant Miss. I love your use of shadows.
I think there was some flipping of the definitions of f1, f2, f3 and f4 during the video. For the original definitions at the beginning of the video I think these should be the correct implementations
|0> = horizontal polarization
|1> = vertical polarization
|+> = up and right = +horizontal +vertical at 45 degrees
|-> = down and right = +horizontal -vertical at 45 degrees
F1 - Do Nothing
laser -> 0 delay -> output = no change
F2 - Always Swap
laser -> half waveplate aligned horizontally -> half waveplate aligned vertically -> output = -horizontal -vertical (pi delay = lambda/2 delay)
Note: This wasn't the implementation shown in the video because I don't think it was shown correctly in the video due to the f2 definition changing but correct me if I'm wrong
F3 - Swap if |1> (vertical polarization)
laser -> half waveplate aligned vertically -> output = horizontal -vertical (pi delay to vertical polarization)
F4 - Swap if |0> (horizontal polarization)
laser -> half waveplate aligned horizontally -> output = -horizontal + vertical (pi delay to horizontal polarization)
Then to solve the problem
laser -> 45 degrees polarizer (up right) -> now in the |+> state -> f1/f2/f3/f4 -> 45 degrees polarizer (up right) -> light = f1/f2, no light = f3/f4
The way I see it is that quantum computers are just gonna end up not being a whole machine by itself, but they're just gonna attach to the PCI like a GPU or raid card or something like that
Quantum computing used for LLM training is why it's going to change the world.
11:27 Quarter wave plate? This brings up memories from way back when I used a circular polarizer on ma Praktica VLC2 SLR, that had a semi-transparent mirror and noticed the very specific blue/brown color tint when using a polarizer on it, as the semi-transparent mirror used polarization to reflect light to the viewfinder and the metering sensor for the exposure. The memories this brings back. This technology feels (and is) "ancient". 🙂 I apologize for spamming, but I am drunk. ;-)
Correction: it takes seconds for a classical computer to factor any 30-digit (decimal) integer. 100-digit in only mildly difficult. It's standard to use 616-digit (2048-bit) integers for practical purposes, like authenticating a website.
Okay, now i wanna replicate this and digitize it.
Since you were able to affect the output, it is not constant, meaning balanced. The answer is balanced.
Thanks for this very interesting videos! Few notes regarding the optics: I'm not sure what wave plates you were using, was it half wave plate? If so, it simply rotates the linear polarization and you can replace it solution of chiral material, sugar in water for example. The concentration or the optical path will determine the rotation.
Full wave plate only does nothing for a specific color it was designed for. Not sure you've matched the laser color and the full wave plate.
Polarizer used for photography like the one I think u use in front of the laser, are usually directional since they are made of two layers: linear Polarizer and quarter wave plate after it. I'm not sure what Polarizer you've used and what direction was in use.
Thanks again for the great, interesting videos! 😊❤
[Comment 2] When it feels crazy to build a quantum computer, remember that the majority of the difficulty is to produce and maintain entanglement and coherence. You can ignore that completely for a 1qbit system. But ya, the world runs on quantum mechanics so you don’t have to do it in a special cave or anything.
Very well done. Next week, add reversible gates 😂
The part I found really hard to follow throughout the video is how you're encoding the result. It would have been good to have a table of how you encode the input bit and the output bit before you built the computer. Or alternatively show the working computer before you show how you built it. This is a major part of understanding and you barely gloss over it at the start. So while you were building the functions it wasn't clear in my head what each function did in terms of encoding; you wrote it in terms of 1 and 0, not in terms of the final encoding, and both things are necessary to understand.
I’m going to take a shot in the dark at your challenge and say that it’s both, balanced and constant 😅
I'm lost at 22:15. You say that F3 takes 0 to 0 and 1 to 0. So if you put nothing in the box, 0 will go to 0 (i.e. no change) and 1 will go to 0 (that seems like a change). What am I missing?
As soon as you said “I thought it would be fun to show you a quantum computation in action” I knew immediately that this is the right place for me and I hit subscribe 🥽😀🐝❤️
0:37 seconds in I’m brought subbed and liked, LOVE IT!!!
It's great to see the girl doing physics with pots and pans and even her fun art. Very effective and fun, girls!
What's happened at minute 21:54? When you wrote on that polymer.. what a diabolical material is that?? lol I mean it appears as if the ink passes through the polymer and writes directly onto the board, but as soon as you remove the polymer the writing disappears from the board and one can understand that it is on the polymer instead.
So strange... but anyway you did a super great job with this video. Keep sharing knowledge! :)
Lol it looked weird but I think it was just the shadow of the polymer being cast on itself from the left. It looked as if it was bent up more than it actually was
So, quantum computing doesn't really reduce the amount of information we need to know to arrive at an answer, but rather reduces the information needed to be measured. Entangling the measurement units shifts a certain amount of the information demand from the measurement itself to already knowing how the measurement units relate to each other. That explains why quantum computing is superior for certain computing problems but not others. To use a classic statistical analogy: imagine there is a black ink blotch of unknown shape on a white sheet of paper, and you are allow to measure this shape via Monte Carlo sampling - that is, you can point to any spot on the paper sheet and demand to know whether it's black or white at that spot, and you can do this over and over again. If you are allowed to do this for thousands of times, you can pretty much figure out the shape whatever it is, BUT ONLY IF each observation is independent to each other. If you "entangle" your observations by certain rules, you can figure out certain types of shapes with much fewer observations, but only for certain types of shapes.
the simplest explanation is light polarization.
The change in f tables (f1 was originally the identity?) was hard to follow but I guess that finally we just have rotations of multiples of 90 degrees... f1=+ 90, f2= - 90, f3=0, f4= - 180, and so we can distinguish between { f1, f2 } and { f3, f4} by preparing | 0 > +| 1 >. Is that about right? Very enjoyable series!
Love your videos, glad you're back..
The "flipping the light upside down" is just shifting the phase of the light by 180 degrees... right? If this is the case, you can tell that the light is the "negative" of the initial light by combining the "negative" and the initial light together (they will cancel). Overall, maybe the computation can be seen by making a reference light (same as initial) and see how the output light interferes with the reference
Interferometer time! :D
When will everyone on Earth own a Quantum PC in their houses?
It would be cool to set up the experiment with an lcd screen (older one that has linearly polarized light) with a blank image as a light source and a human eye (Haidinger's brush) as a detector to make a Human-*quantum computer :D It's likely that the waveplates will spil the fun but maybe some hint of the haidinger's brush will still be visible.
note: slowly wiggling head from side to side helps me to to see the haidinger's brush.
Well, if you do not use superposition as you explained, then it is a quantum computer without its advantage over traditional computers, but yes, it is a quantum computer. And the computation you showed is indeed computation, but it is seeing in the opposite direction of what most people are used to, even with the use of "calculators".
Thanks for showing, for some in an apparently inadvertent way, that any action is computation, and that any computer is an "informatic searcher".
"Unobservable changes" , I got to remember to use that one
That was absolutely fantastic. And very very understandable best ever !
Crazy how much stuff starts to make make sense the more u learn about electricity ) like the charge of atoms and electrons being the reason for its bias
Omg, thank you for including your confusion, as it drives me mental when I can't grasp something, so it was a releif to know that im not the only one😔🤔🤪😊
PS. I see no ring on that finger, and I could listen to you for the rest of my life😉
Great video! I believe it is balanced
waiting for the next vid with 2 qubit version.
I would like to make a suggestion for you to make a world-wide fully-free and open source under GPL-3 licence terms 8192 by 8192 array of Q-Bits Processor "aka Quantum Computer" by buying a flat 50 cm by 50 cm by 10 mm thick Borosilicate glass plate (i.e. buy proper clear Pyrex glass at about $100 USD per plate -- MUST be Borosilicate for temperature stability reasons!) and use a common Pulsed Green Laser (515 nm to 532 nm) to etch 67,108,864 of two-microns in diameter by four microns deep "Quantum Wells" which will be filled with Xenon Gas molecules which will be "read" and "written" with a blue laser (400 nm or less).
In order to etch the microwells and seal the Xenon gas into each microwell, you make your own vacuum chamber out of a very large thick-walled inside-and-out-fully-glazed ceramic box which any local pottery expert can make for less than $500 USD that has a full silicone rubber gasket and enough tightened bolts to ensure a proper seal that can hold a proper HARD vacuum.
The pottery expert can run a proper stainless steel air-evacuation valve (i.e. buy a high-end stainless steel scuba diving tank regulator as the evacuation valve!) and some fully sealed solid copper wiring through the topside of the ceramic box vacuum chamber for powering the laser etcher system. The glazing MUST be thick enough so no off-gassing from the ceramic walls will take place to contaminate the Xenon Gas infusion of the microwells! That means the ENTIRE vacuum chamber box inside and out must be fully glazed and fired in a proper pottery kiln!
The small form-factor 50 watts or more green diode laser is mounted on a small form factor computer controlled gimbal or rotating mirror system so that each microwell can be etched into the borosilicate plate in an accurate manner.
In order to seal the Xenon Gas into each separate microwell, you will need to put the glass plate into the HARD vacuum chamber with all normal Earth atmosphere taken out and THEN you inject a pure Xenon atmosphere into the vacuum chamber to force Xenon into each microwell and then SEAL each microwell using an 8-microns in diameter bead of borosilicate glass that is "melted" on-top of each microwell using a pulsed green laser. The glass microbead can be moved individually by electrostatic forces (i.e. a magnetic tweezer) to the proper microwall for sealing using something similar to a magnetic tweezer made from the magnetic heads and arms from old spinning hard drives.
The microwells MUST be spaced apart by at least 8 microns from each other so that each individual microwell can be adequately covered by the melted borosilicate glass bead covering and NOT intrude onto another etched microwell. The KEY ISSUE is to make sure your ceramic box has a proper surrounding silicone gasket and enough bolts in it that the vacuum seal will be TIGHT and the glazing is thick enough so no off-gassing from the ceramic walls will take place!
Once you have sealed all the Xenon Gas filled microwells, take the plate out of the vacuum chamber and clean it with an 99% isopropyl alcohol bath, dry it off and then put the glass plate into whatever box you want and use a variable power blue laser to "Set" a microwell state and "Read" a microwell state. (i.e. a diode blue laser from a desktop computer installed BluRay data disc reader/writer should work!)
The resonant value of Xenon will define the specific power-level and frequency you need in order to separately "read" or "set" each microwell to and from a specific temperature state (or spin or phase!). You can re-use the rotating mirror assemblies from old black and white or colour laser printers as the read/write mechanism. These assemblies let you use "time and speed of mirror rotation" to address an individual microwell via a spinning mirror that reflects the pulsed blue laser to each designated microwell via monitoring the time of laser pulsing as the mirror spins. Use any old laptop or microcontroller to calculate and time the laser pulse to ensure they hit the spinning mirror at the right time and right angle in order to address the correct microwell within the 8192 by 8192 array of microwells via simple reflection-angle calculations.
Use the BOTTOM undisturbed part of the glass plate (i.e. read-n-write through the bottom of the glass plate and not through the topside glass sealing beads!) to send the laser pulses into the microwells. If the bottom of the glass plate is too thick to read/write via the blue laser, make the glass plate thinner or use a higher power laser pulse! The error correction can be done by using a combination of the AVERAGE, MEAN, PEAK AND MINIMUM state value of FOUR or MORE microwells to get a properly Q-bit value which can be a specific range of gas well temperatures in Kelvin or a specific range of reflected, refracted or diffracted light frequencies, wavelengths and/or amplitudes.
The Xenon Microwells will create a MASSIVE Multi-Mega-Q-Bit Quantum Computer that can do all sorts of quantum annealing tasks that can break encryption or be used as an artificial "brain" for real-world vision recognition tasks or for analog signal processing tasks! Microwell-trapped Xenon Gas is the EASIEST WAY to make a DIY/Home-Brew quantum computer.
Message me at my channel (which has my email address) if you want to know more!
V
[comment 3] I have an important question.
Are you really doing quantum mechanics here?
Let me explain.
Clearly the world runs on quantum mechanics, I’m not disputing that. But.
Consider electromagnetism. The classical theory. Just an electromagnetic field.
Alright. How do you represent polarization there. Well, you have a polarization vector.
My concern is that that classical polarization vector is enough to model a qbit. Kind of.
Like, you can prepare the light in a sum of horizontally and vertically polarized light. You also have a field strength, but you could normalize that.
If you imagine that classical beam going through a wave plate we can have a classical model of how one of the components of the light is “slowed down”. And then we could measure it using a beam splitter. But a beam splitter also works classically right. What I mean is that there is a perfectly fine solution of maxwells equations that describe a beam splitter.
Wouldn’t that be enough to solve the black box problem? If we give the right input. I might have to think it through carefully.
I think it’s also true that this can be thought of as a quantum computer. I’m not disputing that.
But a 1qbit system is kind of an edge case.
What are your thoughts on this subtlety?
So, unless I’m mistaken, what you’re doing in this experiment can be understood without quantum mechanics.
That might make you think it’s not a quantum computer.
But you can also understand it using quantum mechanics. And that’s fundamentally a better description of our world anyway.
In that description, this should probably qualify as a quantum computer.
If you spend any time thinking about this I’d love to know what your conclusion is or if you found it illuminating. Thanks!
Great video as always!!!
This accidental niceness of 1qbit systems, probably contributes to making the difficulty spike big in going from 1qbit to more, beyond the fact that you also need to maintain coherent entanglement. Quantum computing gets hard quickly.
I learned alot! Chemistry student here from arizona. Happy holidays❤
Just like computers back then, a good good start for a quantum computer.
I enjoyed watching the video and the explanation, and i really like how you don't have to cool your circuit to absolute zero to create an isolation chamber or use ions or some other exotic means ... lol The theory makes a lot more sense when done as an experiment. Have u thought about combining different colored laser light and filtering R or G :) It would be great to see you scale this up somehow ..what do you think. SPINQ make a quantum computer if u did want to buy one. Perhaps you should sell yours to them i think yours is way better :)😁
Grate chanal: I'm sure most here know that but just for general info. a wave plate or lambda plade rotates the polarisation; a lambda 1/4 plate rotates the polarisation a 90° as a lambda 2/4 plade rotates it 180° and so on.
I use them when working on advanced interferometry and holography.
I don't know if someone said this but if you have polarized glasses you can see the reverse