Stephen Krashen 博士：我們有何選擇？教科書還是故事書？Dr. Stephen Krashen: What Choices Have We? Textbook vs Storybook
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- Опубликовано: 2 дек 2015
- 測考/操練/強記/工作紙有何不妥？為可學英語應該用故事書？在中國內地和台灣用故事書學英語的成功故事能否在香港複製？
Why the traditional approach: worksheets, tests and memorisation is no longer relevant in language acquisition? Can success stories in primary students in Mainland China and Taiwan be replicated in HK?
Stephen Krashen 博士（美國）
美國南加州大學榮譽教授
Dr. Krashen 是世界著名的語言學家，亦是教育研究者和社會活動家。自1994年開始，他從語言學研究轉為教育學的研究。其最著名的研究，是建立首套全面的第二語言學習理論（Theory of second language acquisition）。他亦是「自然教學法」（Natural Approach） 的其中一位創立者，已發表超過350份有關雙語教育及閱讀的論文和書籍，並推動以「自主閱讀」（Free Voluntary Reading）來學習第二語言，讓學生自由選擇自己喜歡的讀物，不限制其閱讀的速度，目的是讓他們享受閱讀的樂趣，所以毋需考核成果。他認為這是學習母語及第二語言最有效的方法。他曾在加州積極捍衞雙語教學，並就此向傳媒發表逾一千篇文章，成為知名的社會活動家。
其著作多次獲獎，在2005年更成為國際閱讀協會「閱讀名人堂」（Reading Hall of Fame）的名人之一。工作之餘，Dr. Krashen 原來是跆拳道高手，是黑帶持有人。
Dr. Stephen Krashen (US)
Professor Emeritus
University of Southern California
Dr. Krashen is a world renowned linguist, educational researcher and activist. Since 1994, his research focus shifted from linguistics to the study of education. He is best known for the development of the first comprehensive theory of seconf language acquisition, and is also the co-inventor of the Natural Approach in language teaching. He has published more than 350 papers and books, mainly on bilingual education and reading. He also promotes free voluntary reading during second language acquisition, which means students are free to choose a book that they like and are allowed to read it at their own pace. The aim is to help them enjoy reading, so assessment is usually minimized or there is none at all. During a campaign to enact an anti-bilingual education law in California, Dr. Krashen became an activist and campaigned aggressively in variuos media, writing over 1,000 letters to the editor defending bilingual education.
Dr. Krashen has won a number of awards for his work. In 2005, he was inducted into the International Reading Association's Reading Hall of Fame. Outside work, he is a Kung Fu master, holding a black belt in Tae Kwon Do.
教育大同論壇 2014 教育有選擇
2014 EDiversity Conference: We Need Choices
EDiversity 教育大同
www.ediversity.org/
![Darren Waller - Who Knew (Her Perspective) [Official Video]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/GytDjB8u6bM/mqdefault.jpg)
As someone who's acquired native-level English skills from RUclips videos, books, subtitled anime, etc., I can attest to this man's teachings. Plus, he's funnier than the vast majority of stand-up comedians.
Can you understand Australian accent?
@@user-xk2zy3ng1o Most Australians I've heard aren't hard to understand at all. Some British accents are pretty difficult though.
What was your native language before learning English? And did you do any English text books or video tutorials?
@@andyf932 German. And yeah, I've had school classes but my English sucked until I immersed myself in the language in my free time. It's not like that didn't contribute at all but it was extremely inefficient.
@Mohsine elgharbaoui Never heard of him.
Not only is Stephen Krashen a great thinker, he's an entertaining public speaker!
He is more alive and fun than my 30-year-old friends.
Sometimes, people who take 'skill-building' classes get a lot of comprehensible input on the side. Gradually, they get to a point where they can consume more advanced content. They might then attribute their success to the classes they took. I think this is one of the main reasons why the 'skill-building' approach has not been abandoned completely. They do produce success stories every now and then. It's just that those who succeed have modified the approach and included more input into their learning.
The problem with teaching language in a classroom is that interest levels are varied greatly. No one is there by choice. The kids who are interested in the language will seek material in that language and learn as they read. Kids who aren't will simply never bother. I never bothered with English classes at school (and the teachers often had IELTS scores of 5-6, I got 7.5 by the time I graduated high school so that should give you an idea of how bad these classes were). I simply aced the tests and impressed everyone and walked away, but when at home I played games in English, watched videos, movies, dramas in English, read in English, and communicated with English speaking people online almost all day. It was all out of my personal interest. The other students simply fell behind because they weren't interested enough or saw it as a hassle. I don't think there's a way to apply this hypothesis into the classroom effectively. Even comics are seen as uninteresting by the majority of kids where I grew up. The equivalent word for 'nerd' was used a lot at me.
Where are you from and what's your first language?
That's exactly what I thought, but, it's not impossible to implement this theory
This start at 10:00
YOU ARE ABSolutely fantastic bro! thanks a million!
you are an angel :))
3:42 imho
RUclips suggested this to me because I've been studying Japanese and French and already discovered this guy but this is truly life changing because I'm dyslexic. All dyslexic people need to see this (or their teachers and parents do)!!
I did this is my classes between 2006 - 2010. Phenomenal results. I replicated for children without an English speaking environment the same things my teachers (I was from an English speaking environment and trilingual) did for me when I was a child. I followed all the hypotheses after studying them in my PGD.
In the beginning of my teaching career I told the school principal the only way I will teach there is if we completely discard skills building and only add them as icing.
FVR, SSR, Bb works for vocabulary, state, grammar, spelling, essay writing and it creates a huge reservoir to tip critical mass into speaking output. There will be some work required for phonological awareness but that is about 2 weeks'worth of work.
Hello! I'm learning about language acquisition and I would be immensely honored if you could have a conversation with me.
Having worked with Krashen on the Million Mandarin Movement, this video brings me great joy. Comprensible Input for everyone.
Wǒmen jiùshì yào fǎnfù zuò
As a native Chinese, I kept reading new English stories to my son. Seldom did we repeat reading the stories because my son always wanted to read something new. But it takes lots of drills to write the Chinese characters.
@@yongxianinternationalstudi5757 That's an issue I have with my kids. We are Singaporean Chinese and I speak some Mandarin. I would read to them in Mandarin, and they do speak it somewhat. The writing though is quite a remote reality for them. Most of our environment is in English so they don't see the relevance of writing. Gonna play it up with lots of fun and activities for the next lunar new year and see how it goes! Good luck to us all with the chinese characters!
@@faithtanesl5152 Dear friend, we improve our work by doing it in person and we learn from mistakes. My experience is that I read interesting books aloud to learners, and let them see the texts that I was reading. I used my finger to point out the words so they consciously knew how they look like. It is recognition by ears and eyes. Krashen proved that this approach helps learners improve reading and writing skills. So did I. It just takes time and we, as parents, must lead children to move forward. When my son reached the age of ten, he did not want my help anymore. He can do it by himself. Parents should cherish their time spent with children. They grow so quickly.
@@yongxianinternationalstudi5757 Thank you for your advice. I will help them to grow more aware of the use of Chinese writing. You are right. This time flies right by.
As a native Chinese, I just read English stories to my son and he acquired English as his first language. We lived in China, now in Germany. Today I asked my son what his first langauge is and he said English. English is the language that he uses frequently to think everyday. We only lived in Britain for one year.
I give kudos to you and your son. But he shouldn't ignore his mother tongue, because that defines his origin, culture, roots, and therefore his identity itself.
@@greengalaxy8873 Chinese is not ignored but improved on a daily basis too. We use three languages to live our life and they all grow simultaneously.
It would be interesting to know how you dealt with unknow vocabulary, for example. And with pronunciation, you must have know the language to be a model. There is always a guide needed. Not to mention that you LIVED in england...daily english input everywhere...Not the case for an ESL sudent.
@@silviagarcia2977 I watch videos with English-Chinese, or German-English subtitiles very often. Vocabulary, grammar and messages will be acquired simultaneously. Just persist.
Clear and simple: one of the greatest in Second Language Acquisition.
I've learned 5 languages by reading and listening in portable audio players and exchanging languages in meetings with foreign students for that very objective. I think that in this digital era, not taking advantage of Internet connection and instant conferences is a shame. It used to be the case that speaking with native speakers of a target language was a luxury only people with savings enough to pay a course in the country of the target language could afford, that issue now is gone.
Also, in the lack of abundant public libraries, people can get used books for free, one just needs to find a local giveaway website, or buy cheap books in flee markets and Universities and schools that renew their textbooks.
Dr. Krashen is amazing!
I was taught using the skill -building method in school. Seven years of concentrated study and I had excellent grammar and vocabulary skills. But when I went to Spain I could barely communicate. Needless to say, it was very very disappointing and felt I wasted so many years. A pity.
This man's comment on computer programming is so dauntingly accurate. It changes arbitrarily!
A true Chomskian....love this guy!
I felt the part about reading for pleasure vs what's retained from school harder than I thought I would. I was a voracious reader in 4th-9th grade. I can still remember details from those stories. The books they required me to read in highschool not only failed to capture my attention but completely killed my interest in novels. Reading needs to be compelling, and part of that means letting students choose the material
可以理解的输入 comprehensible input ＝ what the listeners or readers can understand
I just feel like crying when I heard about the unlimited comic books budget. Such an amazing atitude. As someone learning french and japanaese and having English as a second languange I can attest for everything that he says. Study hard, but try to have fun.
What an amazing talk! I just can't get enough of these Stephen Krashen lectures and interviews! He's become a huge influence on how I structure Spanish and English lessons for my students, as well as how I approach my own journey of learning Mandarin. It's no surprise that he's still so sharp and well-spoken at his age! 🙂
Dr. Krashen crushed it! Truly a giant of the linguistics universe! Thank you for all your works & contributions to the field of lang. development.
Common core is rubbish; comics for all! Reading for pleasure is a powerful language development tool & NOT a waste of time!
Now let's all go drink a nice cup of coffee while enjoying some foreign language pleasure reading to offset any dementia!
~8:00 | It's found that a lot of the benefit from coffee comes from beyond the caffeine (like the antioxidants & other nutrients). So decaf is fine
this man has changed my life. thank you so much.
My experiences with learning English is exactly like what he said.
And I have tried years to convey this to my cousins, my fellow classmates and anyone I could. At last, I have found a solid reference (scientific reference) for my argument, not just personal experiences.
I'm so grateful for all of the hard work people have put into researching this. I'm a graduate from a science university, so I'm so stoked when I found this video. Real, solid evidences by proper and official research. This is not something you would find in my mother tongue (Vietnamese).
cưới em đi !!!
Good video! Thanks to the author for his good work! I'd like to recommend Yuri Ivantsiv's practice book Polyglot's Notes: Practical Tips for Learning a Foreign Language. This book has many useful methods for learning a foreign language, how to develop your memory, how to memorize words, learn grammar, quickly learn to speak, read and write. All recommend this excellent book! Good luck to everyone in learning a foreign language!
Dr Krashen's idea, comprehensive input, is great.
Thank You!
Language acquisition is a real deal.I 've used this concept for the past two years
謝謝
Amazing...
Amazing Dr. Krashen thanks
In Mexico , where I used to live , 12 years ago they gave to the Public Library a "different use". It is currently use as a storage place, not a barn but almost. 0:46 . It is completely true poor children don't have access to libraries. And as you may already guess that place is still not only full of poverty but crime.
I love this. It's insightful!
just amazing
Love the no nonsense approach
That was the best I'd watched recently!
Dr Krashen , what an honor !!!
Not sure if Krashen is referring to children in the USA and the access to books.
All kids in the USA have access to books(free) through schools, public libraries, donation centers, etc. Some reasons why kids score poorly on vocabulary, grammar, etc, are family values(parents don't read), peer pressure not to be a book worm, easy access to electronic media(tv/smart phones/video games).
This man is just FANTASTIC !!
This is so interesting!
Superb Conference !!!
What he says about comic books in the 50s (starting @28:40) should sounds familiar...
Someone did something terrible, they went to the culprit´s home and found.....violent video games!!!xD
This video is so compelling to me!!
Resourceful person.
He nailed it in the last 10 min
Thank you Dr. Krashen, I am following the path:)
We studied the method of this man in university. Pretty good person
Good video! My brother studied languages at the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center in California. The pace of study was intense. Students had to master the language course in 36-64 weeks. Psychologically it was very difficult, but fortunately he was helped by Yuriy Ivantsiv's book "Polyglot Notes. Practical tips for learning foreign languages”. The book " Polyglot Notes" became a desk book for my brother, because it has answers to all the problems that any student of a foreign language has to face. Thanks to the author of the channel for this interesting video! Good luck to everyone who studies a foreign language and wants to realize their full potential!
Cette homme est très intelligent
Pas faux
This was amazing. So much to learn and apply. Thank you very much.
This is an engaging one hour video. Stephen Krashen is funny and informative and I appreciate the delivery of this speech. It’s awesome!
This is a fabulous talk. Very comprehensible and interesting. Thank you, Professor Krashen. And thank you for the upload.
Muito bom! Obrigado pela ajuda
I want to learn English, Think you for this video! I hope I can read and speck English fluent, I belive I will do that!
On the coffee idea, I wonder if a latte would be as good coffee without milk. There have been studies showing that the casein in the milk bind to polyphenols and thus render the polyphenols of less use by the body.
Prof Krashen, it's very difficult to enlighten parents who don't read that test prep is a method of diminishing results. To them, test prep is the only thing that makes sense because they have no model of how middle and upper middle class people succeed without effort. For the countries with high test scores but don't like to read, anxiety levels around the risk of failing is so high and it's counter productive.
Middle and upper middle class people don't need to worry about their options for the future. Whichever school and program, whatever it costs, no problem. Whether we get a job that returns the investment or not, no problem. Test prep countries, the people just don't think they have a choice to risk not being successful.
I am so amazed at what he said and so happy to see that what I figured out has been put out by someone else. I, first of all, have to say sorry for not knowing the name of the professor before. However, it is also due to that I don't know the name of the professor, nor to what his theory is, the proof of the similarity between the theories of each other of us means more. As a Ph.D. student in Natural science studying in France, a passionate polyglot from China, I thought of the teaching theory for foreign languages (as well as for other domains like science, or social science etc) with motivation constructing and input keeping skills. These theories were put out only with scientific designing theories as well as self-teaching experience (with multiple languages for tests). I am so happy that I have someone with a similar idea and so that may be in the future the true education, which is not educating and abandoning students at the same time, will be finally applied to the teaching system in all over the world!
Sigh.....didn't know Dr. Krashen came to HK.
EDIVERSITY: READ ALOUD - TEXTBOOK -V- STORYBOOK. LEARN for LEARNINGS SAKE ✔️👏👏👏. LITERACY IS STORY / STORYBOOK. T: “BRING ME A BOOK” ✔️✔️✔️
Practical language ability is pretty much limited to a point so it should really affect when people start learning. With enough consistent improvement beginners can catch up to others who started before them.
@44:55 | lol knows Chomsky now. (See newer youtube collab discussions)
16:40 reading
16:47 reading - free voluntary reading
I thought he was going to say you can delay dimensia by smoking chalk
Now I understand why I know Chinese transitional even though I didn’t learned it before..
His pronunciation is fine!
It's good!
@Franco He's from Illinois so that's not too surprising.
Wish I had access to the graphs mentioned/ studied- informational and effects of reading.
I'm fairly certain you can find citations on his website sdkrashen.com
I used an intelligent game called "Bridge Constructor" with a five-year-old Korean student. Now he can talk about symmetry, triangulation, tensile strength, and stress without focus in the most natural manner. Fill in the blanks, crosswords, grammar for grammar's sake per se. Endless waste of time that does absolutely nothing for language acquisition.
This is why we should take Shakespeare out of high school or leave it to the “honors” classes.
Decafe is an insult🤣🤣🤣 💯 💯
I wish I could replicate what I did in my incubator classroom one day as my PhD thesis for local context.
I don't quite understand what the results on around the 24-minute mark mean. What is meant by ‘months gained’?
Compared to the speed of a baby acquiring language.
21:33
good
The thing is: how to find comprehensible input resources? I mean, if you know, let's say 300 words in chinese, you don't know all characters. So how can you read a text if you can't even try to guess how each character (that you don't know) reads? Even if it's an easy text, if you find a character that you don't know, it's not comprehensible at all. Because you don't know the meaning and you don't know how it sounds like, so you can't read it. I've learned english by myself (sorry for any mistakes) but since english uses the same alphabet as my native language, when I was learning it even if I didn't know the meaning of a word, I could try to guess it, because I could read it. And even if I couldn't guess the meaning, overtime I would probably learn that word by seeing it many times in different contexts. Now how to use the same approach for languages that are so different from your native language or use a different alphabet just like Chinese? (there is no alphabet in Chinese)
Bitcoin is Simple u LinQt. Highly highly highly recommend
두달후엔 내가 이말을 알아들을수있겠지
I have a question, how blind people get comprehensible input? How they learn the language?
reading...
Ryan Williams I made a mistake what 8 really mean was blind people.
LOL. I kind of assumed you would say that. In any case, many languages have lot's of listening oriented material. and braile
eg en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Braille
9:50 Corporations don't understand the words "public domain". You were speaking a language they have no concept of.
Hi
A whole food-plant based diet will also have a huge benefit combating different forms of dementia. If fixes other things, too, and for me it was total serum cholesterol, high blood pressure, high resting heart rate, and weight. All ideal now 4+ years. I do realize that an omnivore diet also can be made to be just as good but with very limited meat, dairy, processed foods and oils. I figured it's worse eating small amounts of those so I just cut them out and it worked for me.
dam hes also a comedian, it seems i need to step it up quite abit
But what if what's interesting is not comprehensible and what's comprehensible is no longer interesting? And what if nothing is interesting to majority of students and citizens in their entire life?
Well... you're going to encounter boredom anyway I think, even with the most efficient method out there
More interesting than learning through skill building.
I spent a summer in Norway and learnt nothing. And ten years in Dubai and learned no Arabic too. I read all the time and my Norwegian reading is now good. But I cant understand films and everyday talking.
@@lorax121323 The trouble is that listening, per se, will not teach you a language. As I said in my comment, being surrounded by the spoken language is not all to it. I now feel that listening practice is not just listening. Neither is listening with sub titles the answer... this just still uses the wrong part of my brain. I now feel that I must listen to a conversation several times ..on a film.. try to make sense of it and then have the confirmation reward (or not) of the text afterwards.
@@benjaminholt6640 Thanks BJ. I think this guy is entertaining but I have my doubts..he is very glib about how we are all wrong, and he (a super-brain, multi-linguist), has got the answer.
@@benjaminholt6640 I looked at the site and felt that it wasn't talking any language I knew. Would you translate it into meaningful, non- jargon communication. I am always interested in any new ideas but so far I haven't even a clue what it really is... except 'read books that you like' . best regards
@@benjaminholt6640 I see. Like learn 25 words a day by heart, then make 10 sentences a day ?...This looks rather like the first ten chapters of .... "Teach Yourself Xyz".
@@benjaminholt6640 Indeed you are right. Benjamin. But I have started late myself and am intrigued by what I have learnt, not only about the language ..but about myself. I do in my heart wish there to be an easier way to re-boot my mind to learn to speak without effort. There may be an easy way ..or there may not be. Thank you for your replies! I have enjoyed reading them. You are an intelligent person!
I can tell Krashen’s jokes for him… hopefully he learned some new words during covid 🤣
Skip to 12:00 for content
3 cups cups is too much I wonder if it's the caffeine that does it and I can drink tea
That much of cafeine will make heart attack balance the situation which delays dementia.
3:55 ha I heard him pop that joke at another conference.
just give him the mic already
coffee, really!
So is he telling us not to self study with textbooks ????
At most use that as a supplement to a lot of listening
Basically, learn basics (alphabet, pronunciation etc) and then go straight into reading, listening, and watching stuff in the language that you are interested in
@@Playfulpat thanks
@愛Obi start with cartoons and books for babies in your target language , if you don't know any words yet
22:00 Audiolingual method the worst and most use of second language teaching in the world.
You can trust that bill cosby quote it's why he got away with dumb stuff for so long .
hahaha Oh Gosh. He's really funny
How can you read a book that you don´t understand
You need to study grammar too. If I teach a student that "I am" means yo soy He/she start to say I am Lina
I am here I am argentina I am in Buenos aires...
Drill practice...it's quite helpful.
the best teaching of language is like mum teaching speaking to her baby, shortly.
為什麼沒有中國人評論？
USSR ...18:22 Hahahaha
I appreciate so much what this man has done for language education. But that comb over is the saddest thing I have ever seen.
RIP Hong Kong
SPEED Up this video to get past the needless 'blabbering' at the beginning!
Studying linguistics is a total waste of time. It's an absurd field of study. Krashen shifted from linguistics to education. Noam Chomsky shifted from linguistics to politics. I advise all those pursuing linguistics to leave. It. It leads to absurdity
Weird thing to say. If you want to learn how to speak languages, learn how to speak languages. If you want to analyze languages and how people use them, then learn linguistics.
Chomksy didn't shift from one to the other. He was always involved in politics, and he never really stopped working in linguistics. He's well known in both fields internationally.
And isn't what Krashen does also part of linguistics? Education is a huge field, and intersects with many others. In this case, what does it intersect with, if not linguistics?