I recently joined the downstream electricity space after 8 years in seismic geophysics. I've been reading a lot about substations, so it's great to get to see them broken down like this. Great video, thank you!
I have signed up for prof Danner’s courses on edX, very interesting and informative; contrary to usual college level circuit courses loaded with 1st order and 2nd order ODEs, this course is hugely practical with not only oscilloscope graphs bench experiments but also very detailed data sheet explanations on electrical elements used in practice 😅
Just tried his circuits and by golly, he moves fast. Just throws abunch of formulas at you with very little explanation. Like we know we can replace P=IV with I^2R - why?
@@ouroesa that's high-school physics. He teaches at a singapore uni, I guess his students there have had physics as a high school exam subject and learned it rigorously already. If you find it hard to follow in the beginning, try AP physics 1,2,3 to fill the gap.
@@ouroesa I like this question, it shows curiosity and and inquisitive mindset. The reason we can derive (aka replace) the I*V with I^2*R in the Power (P) equation is due to Ohm's Law: V = I*R. < Read that part slowly, it's telling you that current of a circuit (I) times the resistance of the circuit (R) will always be equal to the voltage of the circuit (V, also called E, for electromotive force, or EMF (which is just a fancy way of saying a measurable force which moves electrons) So if P = I * V, what if we just replace V with ( I*R ) >> P = I * I * R, Or another, simpler way to say it P = I^2*R I like to remember is with "Twinkle twinkle little start, Power equals I squared R" Can you show why you can also find Power with P = V^2 / R (or E^2 / R)? This one I remember as "Is there anytime more Powerful than 2 Eagles over a River?" Remember is as easy as pie (P = IE) ; )
My brother worked over 40 years for PECO ( now Exelon ). First thing the old guy he was with told him he had to learn is where are the best bars thru out Philly. He never packed a lunch and usually drank mean ate lunch at bars.
Regarding the disconnect switch on the hv side, in this case the CB will open the line first and then the disconnect switch would be opened manually or motorized? Instead of open the switch first which cause unnecessary arching
At the 8:30-8:34 mark on the circuit breaker you called the bushings that point out at an angle buss bars. Was this in fact a buss bar on this specific piece of equipment or was that a mistake? They look like bushings to me and just trying to clarify here in case there was a mistake made
There is a reason you cannot eliminate the switch by using just a breaker. In order to work on the transmission line, by applying grounds, there must be a visible open switch to attach the grounds. It is a safety rule. Utility do not like to use a switch to open a circuit because it stresses the switch jaws and sometimes goes very bad. This equipment is not cheap. Some breakers are oil breakers and the newer ones are SF6. The old oil breakers are large and heavy. Also oil breakers have a potential of an oil spill.
Aaron Danner @adanner, I seen on metal unity pole a coil of wire from the very top lighting wire and wondering what this does ? I can send a picture if needed. Thanks
@@Eric_Dan-6_MD_PhD Thank you. The 3 wire system, no ground/neutral from the substation. Then the only grounding would be DONE are each pole along the distribution system that had a transformer mounted to it? If so, then NO PARALLEL neutral/ground back to the substation? thank you
@@tedlahm5740 Dear colleague, the grounding will be "created/invented" by a 'Y' (or Zigzag) somewhere along the distribution. Body safety grounding connection should not be confused with a Neutral connection created by a phase combination where phases vectors of A+B+C=0 (AKA neutral). Loopback of earth fault is different from neutral fault or unbalanced 3 phases case identified by its 3 symmetrical vectorial components per phase I1+I2+I0=Iphase.
@@Eric_Dan-6_MD_PhD Sir: How does the Power Company Balance THEIR load when it is a 3 phase 3 Wire (no neutral) distribution system? I notice NUMEROUS 3 phase 3 transformer primary DELTA systems connected to the mentioned distribution system. (The Three L-2 terminals are connected together, so I know THEY are Delta primary.
@@tedlahm5740 Substation transformers typically are delta on the primary side and wye/star on the secondary side. These transformers significantly reduce the imbalance from the loads on the secondary side passing to the primary side. This is because the load on each secondary phase gets transferred to two of the primary phases. In other words, each primary phase carries about half the load of each of two different secondary phases.
A power "station" usually refers to the power plants where power is generated, which also step up the voltages for transmitting the power over longer distances (higher voltage reduces power loss). In order for us to get the 220V/120V that we use at home, the voltage needs to be stepped back down nearby at these power "substations."
@@jamesmhango2619 Substations always have a transformer and circuit breakers, switchyards typically dont have a transformer and are mainly just switches, bus, and transmission dead ends etc. Switchyards just move around the power and substations change the voltages.
It is rather simple. A station is the FIRST transformation (trafo) station after transmission. All the consecutive trafo stations (Distribution) are SUBstations.
Cursed local Ultility company when I was on weekend call they sent me to a building I never was in and just had the emergency generator up on the 8th floor replaced. Building had dual 13,200 volt service that tripped out and could not get the ATS switches to transfer back to normal power. For some reason the one elevator on emergency power was not working so I had to climb up from basement to 8 th floor several times. Could not find any books on ATS switches or generator. Here after a few hours called the Ultility company. They told me they were having problem with over voltage that late Saturday night. Think I had over 521 volts instead of usual 480 volts. ATS switch programmed not to transfer power to an over voltage source.
Not trying to be a critic, but I think you have something confused. The part you are calling "regulators" look more like OCBs (Oil Cooled Breaker) and might have a regulator on it. I'm no expert, but I work in the field - R&C designer - and the part you identify as a CB (Circuit Breaker) is actually a recloser switch but they do not have bus bar connected to the bushings, looks like cable to me. Good video though and like how you point things out so even the untrained eye can see it.
If you are going to attempt to correct people you should make sure you know what you are talking about, OCB-Oil Circuit Breaker and they are in fact voltage regulators.
@@turdferguson8612sorry to break it to you but they aren’t voltage regulators. Circuit breakers protect against overloads or short circuits. Voltage regulators are to change voltage when the demand changes. So during high load the voltage will drop, the regulator will change taps to boost the voltage and then when the demand goes down and voltage rises the regulator will adjust the tap to keep the voltage at the set level. A Voltage regulator is typically far from a substation, typically in rural locations.
@@stanley4006is voltage regulator also known as OLTC typically No! Voltage regulator is actually use for protection relay that is under voltage or over voltage protection, also Voltage Regulation: Maintains a constant output voltage level of a transformer, enhancing equipment performance and longevity and suitable for High Power Applications: While OLTC ( on load tap changer) is for adjustment of load demand when sudden voltage Change occur without interrupting power supply and can be done automatically or manually.
What is the difference between a reconnecter and a recloser? 🤔🤷♂️🤷♂️🤷♂️🤷♂️🤷♂️ not being critical, I just don’t know enough…I’m enough of an electrical nerd to want to know the difference…
I recently joined the downstream electricity space after 8 years in seismic geophysics. I've been reading a lot about substations, so it's great to get to see them broken down like this. Great video, thank you!
Both excellent and outstanding video, please keep them coming.
Cheers
Very nice 👍
I think watching disconnector switch arcs has a calming and soothing effect.
Great video. Very clear and well presented. Thank you
In railway relays we use silver contacts to prevent arcing.
I have signed up for prof Danner’s courses on edX, very interesting and informative; contrary to usual college level circuit courses loaded with 1st order and 2nd order ODEs, this course is hugely practical with not only oscilloscope graphs bench experiments but also very detailed data sheet explanations on electrical elements used in practice 😅
Just tried his circuits and by golly, he moves fast. Just throws abunch of formulas at you with very little explanation. Like we know we can replace P=IV with I^2R - why?
@@ouroesa that's high-school physics. He teaches at a singapore uni, I guess his students there have had physics as a high school exam subject and learned it rigorously already. If you find it hard to follow in the beginning, try AP physics 1,2,3 to fill the gap.
@@ouroesa I like this question, it shows curiosity and and inquisitive mindset.
The reason we can derive (aka replace) the I*V with I^2*R in the Power (P) equation is due to Ohm's Law: V = I*R. < Read that part slowly, it's telling you that current of a circuit (I) times the resistance of the circuit (R) will always be equal to the voltage of the circuit (V, also called E, for electromotive force, or EMF (which is just a fancy way of saying a measurable force which moves electrons)
So if P = I * V, what if we just replace V with ( I*R ) >> P = I * I * R,
Or another, simpler way to say it P = I^2*R
I like to remember is with "Twinkle twinkle little start, Power equals I squared R"
Can you show why you can also find Power with P = V^2 / R (or E^2 / R)?
This one I remember as "Is there anytime more Powerful than 2 Eagles over a River?"
Remember is as easy as pie (P = IE) ; )
Thank you for your videos, they are very easy to understand and informational!
Thanks a lot. Very well explained. Not strange coming from a professor.
Thank you so much.
Nice lesson Aaron Thanks. I am now subscribed👍
Great video. The company that I work for builds the polygonal poles for substations and other electrical transmission applications.
Oh that's really cool!
Thank you very much for this. Perfect.
Great and highly informative videos. Thank you Prof.
My brother worked over 40 years for PECO ( now Exelon ). First thing the old guy he was with told him he had to learn is where are the best bars thru out Philly. He never packed a lunch and usually drank mean ate lunch at bars.
Best explanation u can get…, thank U
So glad you found these useful.
Regarding the disconnect switch on the hv side, in this case the CB will open the line first and then the disconnect switch would be opened manually or motorized? Instead of open the switch first which cause unnecessary arching
At the 8:30-8:34 mark on the circuit breaker you called the bushings that point out at an angle buss bars. Was this in fact a buss bar on this specific piece of equipment or was that a mistake? They look like bushings to me and just trying to clarify here in case there was a mistake made
Worth watching, thanks for the video
Thank you for watching and learning. Please spread the word.
Perfect and well detailed explanation, thanks!
Hi Aaron, how much would be the estimated cost to build or construct a high voltage substation? Let's say in a 230kV line.
Thanks for detailed presentation
great videos very informative❤❤❤
Excellent. Perfect face for radio!
Thank you. Good explanation
Thanks , very informative video
Nice presentation and information. Question: Are "Ground Switches" considered "Fuse Switches"? Thanks.
Why the low voltage side uses recloser but not on the high voltage side? Fuse requires manual intervention if upstream has fault
Very good explanation
Thank you so much for this video. I have a question is recloser and reconnector the same?
yes
Great video shows, I am also working at grid substation.
What books you recommend to start studying for substation
Lightening arrestor. ordinarily open. New information to me. thank you
Yes, they are varistors that will close (and connect to ground) when the voltage across them gets very high from a lightning strike.
There is a reason you cannot eliminate the switch by using just a breaker. In order to work on the transmission line, by applying grounds, there must be a visible open switch to attach the grounds. It is a safety rule. Utility do not like to use a switch to open a circuit because it stresses the switch jaws and sometimes goes very bad. This equipment is not cheap. Some breakers are oil breakers and the newer ones are SF6. The old oil breakers are large and heavy. Also oil breakers have a potential of an oil spill.
I was about to add a similar comment this but glad that you got here first. Thank you!
Great video and very educational
nice video . thank you for it 👍👍
Super film!
thanks for presenting this information and your efforts, but you have a list or series of videos explaining substations.
Thank you so much. Hope you found these useful.
@@adanner you are welcome
Very informative
Aaron Danner @adanner, I seen on metal unity pole a coil of wire from the very top lighting wire and wondering what this does ? I can send a picture if needed. Thanks
Great explanation! Thanks.
Nice video :D
Awesome video!
Glad you enjoyed it
Perfect video.
Superb Video!
Excellent. Not enough likes in this video.
Fantastic!
when it's load shedding substation can also work or they use battries
Thanks sir
Tqvm❤
Is this unique to the US or North America? Our substations look different in 🇿🇦
Question: A substation using a 3 wire 3 phase system, is that a Delta system?
Not necessarily. Delta, Wye, and Zigzag are all 3 wire sys. if not using the ground/neutral.
@@Eric_Dan-6_MD_PhD Thank you. The 3 wire system, no ground/neutral from the substation.
Then the only grounding would be DONE are each pole along the distribution system
that had a transformer mounted to it? If so, then NO PARALLEL neutral/ground
back to the substation? thank you
@@tedlahm5740 Dear colleague, the grounding will be "created/invented" by a 'Y' (or Zigzag) somewhere along the distribution. Body safety grounding connection should not be confused with a Neutral connection created by a phase combination where phases vectors of A+B+C=0 (AKA neutral). Loopback of earth fault is different from neutral fault or unbalanced 3 phases case identified by its 3 symmetrical vectorial components per phase I1+I2+I0=Iphase.
@@Eric_Dan-6_MD_PhD Sir: How does the Power Company Balance THEIR load when
it is a 3 phase 3 Wire (no neutral) distribution system?
I notice NUMEROUS 3 phase 3 transformer primary DELTA systems connected
to the mentioned distribution system. (The Three L-2 terminals are connected
together, so I know THEY are Delta primary.
@@tedlahm5740 Substation transformers typically are delta on the primary side and wye/star on the secondary side. These transformers significantly reduce the imbalance from the loads on the secondary side passing to the primary side. This is because the load on each secondary phase gets transferred to two of the primary phases. In other words, each primary phase carries about half the load of each of two different secondary phases.
Thanks Sir...
You're most welcome. Hope you found these videos useful.
Fantastic.
Awesome
Thank you for your support.
Thank You
Thank you vey much
Show a big 400kV one! so cool
Thanks
HELLL YES BROTHER.
What is the difference between "station" and "substation"? Why sub?
A power "station" usually refers to the power plants where power is generated, which also step up the voltages for transmitting the power over longer distances (higher voltage reduces power loss). In order for us to get the 220V/120V that we use at home, the voltage needs to be stepped back down nearby at these power "substations."
@@matthopper1925 So what's the difference between a Switch yard and a substation considering the fact that you sound Anerican.?
@@jamesmhango2619 Substations always have a transformer and circuit breakers, switchyards typically dont have a transformer and are mainly just switches, bus, and transmission dead ends etc. Switchyards just move around the power and substations change the voltages.
It is rather simple. A station is the FIRST transformation (trafo) station after transmission. All the consecutive trafo stations (Distribution) are SUBstations.
Cursed local Ultility company when I was on weekend call they sent me to a building I never was in and just had the emergency generator up on the 8th floor replaced. Building had dual 13,200 volt service that tripped out and could not get the ATS switches to transfer back to normal power. For some reason the one elevator on emergency power was not working so I had to climb up from basement to 8 th floor several times. Could not find any books on ATS switches or generator. Here after a few hours called the Ultility company. They told me they were having problem with over voltage that late Saturday night. Think I had over 521 volts instead of usual 480 volts. ATS switch programmed not to transfer power to an over voltage source.
Just last night watched a vid of a guy with half a subststion in his living room doing a giant jacobs ladder, where theres a will😂
Hello Sir. Do you have an email i could contact you from. I have some questions regarding home solar wiring setup. I really look toward your reply.
A reconnector sounds a lot like a recloser.......
Not trying to be a critic, but I think you have something confused. The part you are calling "regulators" look more like OCBs (Oil Cooled Breaker) and might have a regulator on it. I'm no expert, but I work in the field - R&C designer - and the part you identify as a CB (Circuit Breaker) is actually a recloser switch but they do not have bus bar connected to the bushings, looks like cable to me. Good video though and like how you point things out so even the untrained eye can see it.
Thank you for the comments!
If you are going to attempt to correct people you should make sure you know what you are talking about, OCB-Oil Circuit Breaker and they are in fact voltage regulators.
@@adannercorrect the vid 😂
@@turdferguson8612sorry to break it to you but they aren’t voltage regulators. Circuit breakers protect against overloads or short circuits. Voltage regulators are to change voltage when the demand changes. So during high load the voltage will drop, the regulator will change taps to boost the voltage and then when the demand goes down and voltage rises the regulator will adjust the tap to keep the voltage at the set level.
A Voltage regulator is typically far from a substation, typically in rural locations.
@@stanley4006is voltage regulator also known as OLTC typically No!
Voltage regulator is actually use for protection relay that is under voltage or over voltage protection, also Voltage Regulation: Maintains a constant output voltage level of a transformer, enhancing equipment performance and longevity and suitable for High Power Applications: While OLTC ( on load tap changer) is for adjustment of load demand when sudden voltage Change occur without interrupting power supply and can be done automatically or manually.
What is the difference between a reconnecter and a recloser? 🤔🤷♂️🤷♂️🤷♂️🤷♂️🤷♂️ not being critical, I just don’t know enough…I’m enough of an electrical nerd to want to know the difference…
recloser is like an automatic resetting breaker
Imagine crash into one of these station😱😱😱.
Armando nieblapasswordpasswordpasswordpasswordpasswordpasswordpasswordpasswordpasswordpasswordpassword
Metcalf snipper attack.
Booshing? Is that French?
nerd alert
this sounds like a great video for the people going around destroying substations wtf is this an Op
Sir hope you are doing great
Kindly send me your email Id sir
i bet u want it eh
Great and highly informative videos. Thank you Prof.
Excellent video. Thank you.
Great and highly informative videos. Thank you Prof.