I suspect soon. The microchip would need to be exposed several times because there's a doping step for the n-type on the p-type substrate. Then the gates get metallized, then interconnections.... Microchips are next level complex.
@@Lord_common_sense As in shorts that have a part 1 and part 2. It's a pain to find part 2 sometimes if the creators makes a lot of content and it's not linked or something. Person is saying if you click do not recommend on those shorts split in two or more parts you stop seeing them in your feed
@@stanleypeters5383nowhere. They correctly titled the process at work. The interest was in the curiosity. It was a mystery. You didn't find any satisfaction from the result?
For those wondering what's happening: 1. Spin-coat photoresist (the spinning is to apply an even coat along the whole surface) 2. UV exposure cures photoresist through the mask/reticle (in this case the text) 3. Developer is used to remove the un-exposed portions of the photoresist 4. Metal is deposited onto the glass under vacuum, most likely via PVD (physical vapor deposition) 5. Remaining photoresist (and the metal sitting on it) is removed via an etchant to expose the text This is basically how we make computer chips, but by repeating this process (and others) hundreds of times. Of course, it's mostly automated these days, humans don't handle the wafers at all between the time they're unpackaged and ready for sort/die prep. But it still takes thousands of people to keep those machines running, install new ones, tear down old ones, etc. Not to mention contamination management, process engineering, etc.
After the centrifuge, he used ultraviolet source with an optic to polymerize the yellow coating with an image printed, then he washes away the coating that wasn't polymerized (affected by light), the coloured aluminum foil tank with a wiggle-wiggle thing is a vacuum chamber, there is a carbon holder there, where you put a material that you want to deatomize (vaporize any metal for example) and with high voltage those atoms flow to the glass and stick on it's surface. After that he washes away the yellow coat that was holding metal atoms and he gets a book atomically printed on a glass.
@DND-Mode it's all physics.. somehow I started loving physics.. I didn't technically finish school but kept studying by myself. I run a little lab where we experiment with cryogenics.. just love the lab equipment
@DND-Modeto me that means you had crap teachers. Also, I think modern physics lessons rely way too heavily on theory and not enough on experimentation, and that's coming from a career physicist with a PhD. It alienates a lot of people. I loved learning quantum mechanics but the math is so esoteric and conceptually wonky that it puts a lot of people off. IMO, every physics class should have its own separate hands on lab component
The concept is simple, but the process for modern microchips takes ultra-clean rooms and a machine the size of a city bus that costs hundreds of millions of dollars. The earliest chips were litho’d with visible light, but the size limits of that were soon reached (if you magnify something too much using visible light it starts to blur. Shorter wavelengths (ultraviolet) were used for better resolution and smaller feature size. Now, with feature sizes in the single digit nanometer scale (in fact IBM just unveiled a chip with 2nm features-the traces are only 5 atoms wide. Electron beams or x-rays are used to map features that small.
@timothy098-b4f actually those machines are just for high production, and with one off devices you don't need as large off equipment. You could also make an acrylic box with sealed gloves so you don't introduce contamination as a clean room which is unnecessary here.
I love seeing the equipment i work on reproduced in small scales. I used to do maintenance on plasma etch, and now i work on clean track coating/developing tools in a fab. Videos like these make explaining what i do easier
@@alexandrevaliquette3883 To follow a pre-established process, sure. But to be the person who created this process, yeah that takes a lot of brain power. Also, I'd disagree that doing this isn't difficult.
@@hollisticc I agree that there is a lot of smart people who created the machines, chemicals and process.. Some are very smart and some are 'average smart!" who got lucky! Collectively, Human are incredibly smart.. But individually, most are not innovative and only repeat what other show them. Most people barely can extrapolate from what they learned. Finally, 'difficult' is very relative... Theses are well known process, even if most people don't know any of them. It require a bit of R&D, but not years of expensive experimentation either. What is 'difficult' you might ask me? Be a pioneer in your art/field. Surviving 3 weeks in wood when you get lost and you don't have a lot of knowledge on the topic. Doing R&D for high tech, pharmaceutical, aeronautical, AI, etc. Maybe 'complicated' would be a better term to describe it? Like an offset 4 colour press operator have a complicated job for example. Yes, I would say so. Again, regardless; this is a very nice project and the video quality is quite good and entertaining.
@@ms.andrea172 My whole life is dedicated to optimisation, improvement and innovation. I've worked in pharmaceutical industry (R&D analytical chemistry laboratory). I improved analytical methods and things related to HPLC, GC, FTIR and other analytical instruments. Later in life I went back to school to study metallurgy/(minérallurgie). I did improvement to the gold recovery and cyanide destruction process. Overall, the mine I was working for got an increase of few hundred thousands $/month and less cyanide in environment. I also went to Haiti to help them with soil analysis, irrigation and small project such as solar dehydrator with very VERY limited resources. So... thank you for asking!
@@lostsock9852 The title gives the keyword to search, if someone's interest is sufficiently piqued. I think it's good to provoke curiosity this way. Nice change of pace from the 30-60 seconds of overstimulation that the algo meta encourages.
@@RachelColomb-y3n In biomedical research, we use this same process to create biocompatible 'microchips', harnessing microfluidics to create quite remarkable discoveries with real-world applications. neat example: a lab-on-a-chip that can provide mass testing for HIV (at the microscale and in under 10 minutes!) for cheap and easy usage in impoverished regions with little/no access to hospital-grade med tech.
More people should be saying this! Seems like a great idea, we'd save a lot of paper. The cost, labour intensity and environmental effect of photolithography would certainly have to be accounted for. I wonder if the image fades over time?
Look up “microfilm”, it’s how record keeping was done before the advent of computers. Cool fact: Microfilm was used in WWII to send books worth of info on carrier pigeons.
Actually scientists already thought about it and they already printed a bunch of stuff about humanity on microscopic surfaces for maximum storage capacity 😂
Semiconductor Manufacturing (Photolithography):In the electronics industry, lithography is essential in fabricating integrated circuits (ICs) and microchips. The process involves transferring circuit patterns onto silicon wafers using light. Different wavelengths of light are used to project the pattern of a circuit onto a photosensitive material called a photoresist. This process is critical for producing modern electronic devices such as processors, memory chips, and sensors.
Aa someone who absolutely understands nothing of what this is and what you explained Could you elaborate but ... in stupid so my dumb smooth brain can understand ? 😗
@@tyrian666 Photolithography is like using a projector to shine a tiny circuit pattern onto a material. Light makes the pattern stick, and the rest gets washed away. This process helps create the small parts inside chips for electronics like phones and computers.🫂
@@_POKEBALL oh thats so cool thanks for the explanation 🙏🏽💜 But how does a "picture" for lack of a better term of the circuit on the chip make the chip work ? Is the material thats put on the chip the conductive material or how does it work ? 😗
@@tyrian666 you can see the picture as a google map for example. if you want to go to a shop, you'll take a particular route. if you want to go to your house, it will be a different route. you can think of circuit like in the example, if you want to play a video, it will go to a particular route on the little printed image of the map, at light speed. there is a LOT of layers between this video and a computer, but let me know which one and i'll try my best. cheers.
It's essentially the only step in creating semiconductors. Photoresist, expose certain areas, do some chemistry on the exposed regions, repeat. What the particular chemistry is depends on the step, and the semiconductor, but the basics are pretty consistent. Etching, dopant deposition, etc, it's all photolithography which limits the location of the specific chemistry.
This process is called photolithography and here's a general list of the steps he followed: 1) Cleaning each slide and then setting them on a hot plate to bake off all moisture 2) Putting a layer of uv reactive resist onto the slide and spinning (spinning gets rid of any excess and creates an extremely thin and even layer) 3) Shining a uv light through a mask and using optics to reduce the size down (the uv light cures the resist on the slide in the pattern of the mask) 4) Washing uncured resist off of slide 5) Coating the slide using a process called physical vapor deposition (PVD) or sputtering (essentially just creating a cloud of metal atoms and blasting them at the slide. Due to the way this process works it creates an incredibly thin and even coat of metal, and can coat things that normally wouldn't be able to be plated, like glass since it's non conductive) 6) Cleaning off cured resist layer, (the metal that was deposited on top of the layer of resist comes off with the resist leaving behind a clean area.) This finally leaves us with an incredibly high precision version of whatever we put on that original template. Here we just used text but you can see how this could be used for other things like circuits, we can take something large but manufacturable by normal means and shrink it down to super fine resolution giving us a very small feature size. This process was how pretty much all computer chips were originally manufactured and we still use some form of this method to produce modern ones too (albeit a LOT more complex than this, but the same fundamentals!) I'm not sure if you wanted an explanation but here you go, hope this helped!
@@nighthawk6468 First step is most likely dehydration bake rather than weighing since weight of the slide does not effect the process. I believe he baked the slides after cleaning to completely dry out the surface. We did it that way
@@tahatanacar273 ah wait you're correct that's exactly what he's doing, I'll go ahead and edit the original comment to be a bit more accurate, thanks for letting me know!
1. Add photoresist. This is a chemical that softens when a laser shines on it. 2. Using a mask, shine a laser where you don't want the print. 3. Using a chemical, clean off the softened photoresist, this leaves only the print. 4. Add a metal surface for shiny appearance. This covers everything in metal, including the photoresist print. 5. Using a chemical, remove the photoresist print. Because there is metal on top of it, it also removes the metal. You now have metal only where the laser specified!
I don't think the laser was used here. In my opinion, the glass plate was first coated with a protein substance mixed with a chromium salt, then the reduced negative image of the text was projected onto it in ultraviolet light. Where the ultraviolet light was, the protein becomes insoluble in water, the rest is washed away with water. Now follows a vacuum deposition process of an aluminium layer over the entire surface, after which the insoluble protein, which was not washed away by water, is removed with a solvent. On the surface of the glass remains the positive of the image consisting exclusively of the aluminum layer.
I worked for Motorola bk in the early 2000’s and this is very similar in principle to chip layer etching. The area was completely cut off from daylight with only yellow light inside. So weird when ur tired on a nightshift 🧟♂️
This kind of thing never ceases to amaze me 🤔 Love to watch it . Then i find myself asking myself Who the hell made the machinery in the first place to do this 🤦🏼♂️🤷🏼♂️
That’s nuts, had no clue how they got the color to be consistent and now I see. That said it’s always amazing to see how much wasted material making stuff produces - not bashing your technique at all, in my profession we have an insane amount of waste and it’s sadly necessary unless someone figures out a less wasteful way - just always interesting to see what we lose in the process of production
Appreciate your awareness. I have been sensitive to waste production throughout my entire life ..... It has kt me from being active, involved in quite a bit of activity. Now I find myself looking in awe at life experiences I have exacted myself out of.....
Looks like a similar method to processing film into photographs. Clean the glass plate well, add some light sensitive compounds to glass, shine light with image you want (tablet in this video), watch as your developed photo appears.
I'm wondering how is the process going on. Correct me if i'm wrong. 1. Spin coat with photoresist 2. Expose to the UV 3. Remove the unreacted photoresist 4. Deposit with metal 5. Lift off the metal
For all I know this guy is doing Breaking Bad shit, I have no idea. What makes me ponder, is the setting. It appears to me that he is doing this in his garage, like some mad tech scientist.
There is one additional step between 1 and 2: set-up & align the light path and the mask (the text being projected). And a step before 1: clean the substrates. Setting up between 1 and 2 is the hardest part of this video. Step 0 the most important. The rest is easy.
Really nice work. I also used lithography at my last job, except I was using the polymer as a waveguide on a thin plastic foil to measure temperature or mechanical input and not to make a mask. Fortunately, we had an µPG 101.
@@Dalleee234 np. I wasn't calling you out or anything. I'm just generally ignorant on the differences between them and the similarity of their name. They're clearly two entirely different things, but share a common name. Then there's "Stereolithography", which is additive manufacturing by using resin that is cured by UV light. I guess they all have to do with layers on top of layers and they also all use light in some way too.
I don't think there is a good DIY version. But depending on the resolution you want to achieve, dry film photoresist might be a good option. Can be bought on eBay or Amazon for cheap.
You see those imperfections in the final product? That happens in real life silicon too. There’s this whole system of basically allowing some level of imperfections and then weeding out the bad devices through a very long list of electronic performance and functional testing. If you try to zero out the imperfections, you end up with chips that are too expensive for their purpose. Of course if you try to rely only on weeding out bad devices and letting too many imperfections get through, you end up wasting too many wafers and you end up making the chips too expensive too.
@@jimc3688 well, silicon wafers always imply clean rooms. But if you blind build the chips then test after, then testing doesn't need clean rooms. Testing also doesn't need $M equipment if your project is small enough. There's plenty of test equipment in the tens of thousands of dollars.It's mostly the fab's infrastructure that requires millions of dollars in upfront cost.
omg this is EXACTLY what i was doing for my dissertation in uni! well i was trying to make a microfluidics circuit (like you apply a voltage to an area next to where you have a droplet and theoretically it should move. didn’t work very well but i did boil a few droplets 😹). Your setup is waaaaay nicer than ours but the centrifuge thingy where you apply your photoresist - ours kept the glass slide in place using a vacuum instead of tape which was cool. until some photoresist got slurped into the hole and i had to disassemble the whole machine. my background was more mechanical engineering so i should have been comfortable with fixing equipment but i find it stressful - more of theory kind of girl 🙈 I could never keep the metal stuck to the glass. like when you dissolve your photo resist mask my whole design would lift off. so much swearing and frustration 😂 also your mask is amazing detailed! we dont have people in south Africa who can make those professionally (or not that we know of anyway) so the people before me were using stacks of photocopied transparencies which obviously was a fail. i have a graphic design/photography background (tried eng after art bombed haha) so i found a printing press that still had some old machines that would make lithography plates for say printing books or magazines. those transparencies were a huge improvement but i never thought to see how tiny i could go - defos wouldn’t have been able to get your level of detail
I really appreciate how the first time i watched this short i didnt know what the fuck was going on And then the second time i watched it its like you taught me a year of middle school physics
Basically, this is lift off technique. 1.Probably it's a negative photoresist (PR) was coated . 2. On top of bright field mask, UV light was illuminated. ( Area where the substrate exposed to UV will become stronger, and unexposed will become weaker) 3. Then dipped into a photoresist developer, to remove weak PR. Then should be dried. 4. Then some metal/non metal was coated using sputtering ( I guess). 5. later, dipped in acetone to remove the PR, which will lift off the material on top of it. "PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY" cooool❤🎉
Первый раз мне это видел попалось несколько месяцев назад и тогда я пересмотрел его раз 10. И вот сейчас, все пересматриваю и пересматриваю. Не знаю почему. Так рад за неё, как будто это моя дочь.
i saw “wow i can fly” in the text and immediately thought of donkey from shrek, i thought i was just tired but then i double take and sure enough it checks out
This is a sputtering chamber. He laminated it with a copper base or metal base film so it would conduct electricity to ground as he places it in a vaccume,in the sputtering chamber, where the specimen is subjected to thousands of volt creating a plasma arc the will accelerate particle in the vacuum to sediment on the surface of the film of the glass causing a fission eching o the surface of the glass and with the conductive film ,but before that he subjected the conductive film or blue light activated resin that actually transcribed the text on the film before he cooks it in the sputtering chamber. I am kind of guessing at this point😅
Bro's notes before exams are crazy
lamo underrated comment
@@maciejpieskasta493Yeah Bruh !!!!
yes, and they do go through all the trouble and effort and high tech technology when studying would be in fact a hundred times easier
I was like why tho? This. lmao
Shrek is valuable knowledge though
I was expecting a working microchip to come out of this.
I suspect soon. The microchip would need to be exposed several times because there's a doping step for the n-type on the p-type substrate. Then the gates get metallized, then interconnections.... Microchips are next level complex.
Its analog memory chip
@@XantheFIN clearly digital in base 60
That would be microlithography
Me too
It's pretty marvelous seeing the whole thing in one RUclips Short.
I can't remember the last time I saw a 2 parter. Just click do not recommend every time you see one, worked for me
What are you talking about @@ImBuanana
@@Lord_common_sense As in shorts that have a part 1 and part 2. It's a pain to find part 2 sometimes if the creators makes a lot of content and it's not linked or something. Person is saying if you click do not recommend on those shorts split in two or more parts you stop seeing them in your feed
No it's too fast . Some context would be nice
I don’t get it…what’s the value in this?
Its crazy how someone invented this whole process to achieve this. Actually blows my mind how much is required
The fact that it's dialogue from Shrek makes it even better
🎯👀💯
Where in the description does the video maker explain what's etched on the glass slide?
@@stanleypeters5383when he's showing off the final product. Notice the glass, kernel and the text in frame.
@@stanleypeters5383nowhere. They correctly titled the process at work. The interest was in the curiosity. It was a mystery. You didn't find any satisfaction from the result?
Somebody once told me
For those wondering what's happening:
1. Spin-coat photoresist (the spinning is to apply an even coat along the whole surface)
2. UV exposure cures photoresist through the mask/reticle (in this case the text)
3. Developer is used to remove the un-exposed portions of the photoresist
4. Metal is deposited onto the glass under vacuum, most likely via PVD (physical vapor deposition)
5. Remaining photoresist (and the metal sitting on it) is removed via an etchant to expose the text
This is basically how we make computer chips, but by repeating this process (and others) hundreds of times. Of course, it's mostly automated these days, humans don't handle the wafers at all between the time they're unpackaged and ready for sort/die prep. But it still takes thousands of people to keep those machines running, install new ones, tear down old ones, etc. Not to mention contamination management, process engineering, etc.
A protogen couldnt know this…?
Thanks for the explanation. All the best:-)
@@bencooler2003 Sure, but why does it matter?
6. Shrek script
🎉❤
Im completely amazed by how clear the text is for how small it is, incredible
@@smurph1994 we can make it even more smaller, like nano meter
processor of your phone or PC is built with this technique
Would this be a good way to store entire libraries for millions of years in a small space?
@@NeanaUndomiel saving it in data is better and that's what we do
@@NeanaUndomiel lithography sure is involved in how we do it! just in the form of various microprocessors. digital storage is absurdly dense
Spycraft from 55 years ago did it with a hundred of those pages rolled up on microfilm and made it smaller than an ink insert of a fountain pen.
I love that there's a healthy amount of 3d printed components to your setup too. :)
When you're allowed one flashcard for the test
Underrated comment
Need microscope to read😅
Bro rediscovered microfiche.
Ha! Front AND back
O hell yeah
Ah yes, my favorite youtube trend, PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY.
I blame asianometry for getting me into it
😅😅😅😂😂😂
Stop bein Photolithorithist I’m so offended
You could do it in your home, but it would be called, Ghetto- lithography
😂😂😂😂😂
Ah, cool. He's making a book for ants
CIA enter the chat.
😂😂😂😂
@@gamil867American Dad too
Nah, it’s for bees.
Or the Center for Children Who Can’t Read Good and Stuff
Фотолитография + вакуумное напыление! ☝️
Были у нас такие лабораторные работы в студенческие годы !🔥⚡💯
bro pulled out gadgets we’ve never seen before
Sure did huh?
After the centrifuge, he used ultraviolet source with an optic to polymerize the yellow coating with an image printed, then he washes away the coating that wasn't polymerized (affected by light), the coloured aluminum foil tank with a wiggle-wiggle thing is a vacuum chamber, there is a carbon holder there, where you put a material that you want to deatomize (vaporize any metal for example) and with high voltage those atoms flow to the glass and stick on it's surface. After that he washes away the yellow coat that was holding metal atoms and he gets a book atomically printed on a glass.
@DND-Mode it's all physics.. somehow I started loving physics.. I didn't technically finish school but kept studying by myself. I run a little lab where we experiment with cryogenics.. just love the lab equipment
@DND-Mode it's such an enjoyable journey! 🙌
@DND-Modeto me that means you had crap teachers.
Also, I think modern physics lessons rely way too heavily on theory and not enough on experimentation, and that's coming from a career physicist with a PhD.
It alienates a lot of people. I loved learning quantum mechanics but the math is so esoteric and conceptually wonky that it puts a lot of people off.
IMO, every physics class should have its own separate hands on lab component
I love the fact that it's such a simple process!
The concept is simple, but the process for modern microchips takes ultra-clean rooms and a machine the size of a city bus that costs hundreds of millions of dollars.
The earliest chips were litho’d with visible light, but the size limits of that were soon reached (if you magnify something too much using visible light it starts to blur. Shorter wavelengths (ultraviolet) were used for better resolution and smaller feature size.
Now, with feature sizes in the single digit nanometer scale (in fact IBM just unveiled a chip with 2nm features-the traces are only 5 atoms wide. Electron beams or x-rays are used to map features that small.
@timothy098-b4f it's not a microchip though
@Paxxiac the methodology is the same
@timothy098-b4f actually those machines are just for high production, and with one off devices you don't need as large off equipment. You could also make an acrylic box with sealed gloves so you don't introduce contamination as a clean room which is unnecessary here.
I'm pretty sure you're being sarcastic...? that or you've got a screwed up definition of simple. Either way you made me laugh. 😂
Science in school 🤡
Science in shorts🗿
facts, school is basically the temu version of learning😂
@@ykthelabel3012school is the very base level of learning. to understand the chemistry and physics that occurred in this short is a college class.
@@Quixan 😒 no shit dude it's just a joke not a life teaching moment
@@ykthelabel3012 if you're hating on school you were probably just bad at it. get good
Bruh, come to university, you will be amazed by the kind of machinaries we get to operate.
I love seeing the equipment i work on reproduced in small scales. I used to do maintenance on plasma etch, and now i work on clean track coating/developing tools in a fab. Videos like these make explaining what i do easier
The brainpower it takes to create this process is amazing to me.
I don't agree... It doesn't take much brainpower. Just few simple task, a little optimisation and few machines. It's cool, but not that difficult.
@@alexandrevaliquette3883 To follow a pre-established process, sure. But to be the person who created this process, yeah that takes a lot of brain power. Also, I'd disagree that doing this isn't difficult.
@alexandrevaliquette3883 I was referring to creating this process and what goes into it. Since it's so simple, what processes have you created?
@@hollisticc I agree that there is a lot of smart people who created the machines, chemicals and process.. Some are very smart and some are 'average smart!" who got lucky!
Collectively, Human are incredibly smart.. But individually, most are not innovative and only repeat what other show them. Most people barely can extrapolate from what they learned.
Finally, 'difficult' is very relative... Theses are well known process, even if most people don't know any of them. It require a bit of R&D, but not years of expensive experimentation either.
What is 'difficult' you might ask me?
Be a pioneer in your art/field. Surviving 3 weeks in wood when you get lost and you don't have a lot of knowledge on the topic. Doing R&D for high tech, pharmaceutical, aeronautical, AI, etc.
Maybe 'complicated' would be a better term to describe it? Like an offset 4 colour press operator have a complicated job for example. Yes, I would say so.
Again, regardless; this is a very nice project and the video quality is quite good and entertaining.
@@ms.andrea172 My whole life is dedicated to optimisation, improvement and innovation. I've worked in pharmaceutical industry (R&D analytical chemistry laboratory). I improved analytical methods and things related to HPLC, GC, FTIR and other analytical instruments. Later in life I went back to school to study metallurgy/(minérallurgie). I did improvement to the gold recovery and cyanide destruction process. Overall, the mine I was working for got an increase of few hundred thousands $/month and less cyanide in environment.
I also went to Haiti to help them with soil analysis, irrigation and small project such as solar dehydrator with very VERY limited resources.
So... thank you for asking!
Haha, got a laugh reading part of the text and realizing it is a scene from shrek😅
Yeah, mate. I noticed it, too😅
That's fun, I was gonna ask what book it was 😅
Isn't it Toy Story?
@@idon.t2156 it's the flying donkey
@@idon.t2156... no
As someone who is working in a semi-conductor industry. I know the process this person is using from start till end and it feels so satisfying.
As a 12-year-old tech nerd, I somewhat relate.
damn floyd leech been going to classes
and it means nothing to many others
I guess a few explanations would have helped
Do you eat the chips after you make it tho?
@@lostsock9852 The title gives the keyword to search, if someone's interest is sufficiently piqued.
I think it's good to provoke curiosity this way. Nice change of pace from the 30-60 seconds of overstimulation that the algo meta encourages.
It was genuinely painful seeing the amount of equipment you needed to accomplish this.
exactly what i felt
Imagine submitting your assignments like this 😅😂
You just need a 20x projector to make it legible. NBD.
Ngl, I did something similar, granted it was only 6 lines per line of college ruled paper, but the concept is there
I mean… if you were taught this and that teacher gave you a paper assignment, they kinda deserve it.
Then it's come under a save trees and environment act 😂😂😂
Only outcome out ever gonna get from your professor is " I am not about to attempt to read that." 😥😒😒😒
Awesome! Especially when you think about how far the limits of Photolithography are pushed in the industries
What is it used for?
@@RachelColomb-y3n Microchips!
Production of micro chips. You hold a product using that technique in your hand if you are watching on your phone.
@@RachelColomb-y3n In biomedical research, we use this same process to create biocompatible 'microchips', harnessing microfluidics to create quite remarkable discoveries with real-world applications.
neat example: a lab-on-a-chip that can provide mass testing for HIV (at the microscale and in under 10 minutes!) for cheap and easy usage in impoverished regions with little/no access to hospital-grade med tech.
Another way to preserve human history in such a compact manner
More people should be saying this! Seems like a great idea, we'd save a lot of paper. The cost, labour intensity and environmental effect of photolithography would certainly have to be accounted for. I wonder if the image fades over time?
the only problem is what it takes to read t when needed
Look up “microfilm”, it’s how record keeping was done before the advent of computers. Cool fact: Microfilm was used in WWII to send books worth of info on carrier pigeons.
Microfilms were once a thing. Old tech
Actually scientists already thought about it and they already printed a bunch of stuff about humanity on microscopic surfaces for maximum storage capacity 😂
That’s insane!!! It’s so small!!!😵💫😦🤩
The amount of messing around and experimenting needed to have figured this out must have been astounding
При том, что это технологии, которые применялись более века назад! 😮
And I thought I was nerdy 😅
Never mind the custom lab equipment construction worth a couple of thousand dollars.
RUclips feeding me science shorts is my new favorite
Semiconductor Manufacturing (Photolithography):In the electronics industry, lithography is essential in fabricating integrated circuits (ICs) and microchips. The process involves transferring circuit patterns onto silicon wafers using light. Different wavelengths of light are used to project the pattern of a circuit onto a photosensitive material called a photoresist. This process is critical for producing modern electronic devices such as processors, memory chips, and sensors.
Aa someone who absolutely understands nothing of what this is and what you explained
Could you elaborate but ... in stupid so my dumb smooth brain can understand ? 😗
Thank you wise gentleman 😮
@@tyrian666 Photolithography is like using a projector to shine a tiny circuit pattern onto a material. Light makes the pattern stick, and the rest gets washed away. This process helps create the small parts inside chips for electronics like phones and computers.🫂
@@_POKEBALL oh thats so cool thanks for the explanation 🙏🏽💜
But how does a "picture" for lack of a better term of the circuit on the chip make the chip work ?
Is the material thats put on the chip the conductive material or how does it work ? 😗
@@tyrian666 you can see the picture as a google map for example. if you want to go to a shop, you'll take a particular route. if you want to go to your house, it will be a different route.
you can think of circuit like in the example, if you want to play a video, it will go to a particular route on the little printed image of the map, at light speed.
there is a LOT of layers between this video and a computer, but let me know which one and i'll try my best. cheers.
Wow i love how beautiful science can be and what amazing (and scary as fuck) things come from it.
I don't quite understand what you're doing but I'm highly fascinated.
CPU's are created this way^^
basically you shine some light to cast the shadow who will permanently in there
and CPU is created this way
@@sadewo1516
Oh, like how you make shirts with screen printing! Very cool!
He make big thing small
@@Machine_State is it possible to make small things big? asking for a friend
9 лет работала на фотолитографии по созданию интегральных микросхем, спасибо вам за ваш труд😊
А где, если не секрет?
@@t1tan1kchannel Ярославль
Я так понимаю для ВПК…? Для коммерции дешевле за границей купить
@@philippphilipp4663 так у нас только калоши делают
@@philippphilipp4663 с какой целью интересуешься?
Amazing how people figure out how to make these kinds of inventions for people to use.
I think it took him lots of days but he showed us in one minute. Bravo 👏
This is essentially one of the steps when creating semiconductors. Very cool demonstration
It's essentially the only step in creating semiconductors. Photoresist, expose certain areas, do some chemistry on the exposed regions, repeat.
What the particular chemistry is depends on the step, and the semiconductor, but the basics are pretty consistent. Etching, dopant deposition, etc, it's all photolithography which limits the location of the specific chemistry.
Wrong. You are not creating a semiconductor with it. A semiconductor is a material. You are patterning a semiconductor with it.
“Now I’m a *flying*- talking donkey!”
I have a request.
The entire dialog for Shrek.
Wasn't that part of it?
@@undynesgaming9462I do believe the ENTIRE dialogue. Not a page of dialogue.
Honestly that and the Bee Movie would be the ultimate jokes
Some people operate on a whole different plane of knowledge. This blows my mind
I have no idea what you were doing in any of the steps but it looks very interesting and the result is astound. You have my thumbs up.
This process is called photolithography and here's a general list of the steps he followed:
1) Cleaning each slide and then setting them on a hot plate to bake off all moisture
2) Putting a layer of uv reactive resist onto the slide and spinning (spinning gets rid of any excess and creates an extremely thin and even layer)
3) Shining a uv light through a mask and using optics to reduce the size down (the uv light cures the resist on the slide in the pattern of the mask)
4) Washing uncured resist off of slide
5) Coating the slide using a process called physical vapor deposition (PVD) or sputtering (essentially just creating a cloud of metal atoms and blasting them at the slide. Due to the way this process works it creates an incredibly thin and even coat of metal, and can coat things that normally wouldn't be able to be plated, like glass since it's non conductive)
6) Cleaning off cured resist layer, (the metal that was deposited on top of the layer of resist comes off with the resist leaving behind a clean area.)
This finally leaves us with an incredibly high precision version of whatever we put on that original template. Here we just used text but you can see how this could be used for other things like circuits, we can take something large but manufacturable by normal means and shrink it down to super fine resolution giving us a very small feature size. This process was how pretty much all computer chips were originally manufactured and we still use some form of this method to produce modern ones too (albeit a LOT more complex than this, but the same fundamentals!) I'm not sure if you wanted an explanation but here you go, hope this helped!
@@nighthawk6468 First step is most likely dehydration bake rather than weighing since weight of the slide does not effect the process. I believe he baked the slides after cleaning to completely dry out the surface. We did it that way
@@tahatanacar273 ah wait you're correct that's exactly what he's doing, I'll go ahead and edit the original comment to be a bit more accurate, thanks for letting me know!
Gathering my “cheat sheet” gear for exam day!!
I don’t know what’s happening but it’s satisfying
1. Add photoresist. This is a chemical that softens when a laser shines on it. 2. Using a mask, shine a laser where you don't want the print. 3. Using a chemical, clean off the softened photoresist, this leaves only the print. 4. Add a metal surface for shiny appearance. This covers everything in metal, including the photoresist print. 5. Using a chemical, remove the photoresist print. Because there is metal on top of it, it also removes the metal. You now have metal only where the laser specified!
I don't think the laser was used here. In my opinion, the glass plate was first coated with a protein substance mixed with a chromium salt, then the reduced negative image of the text was projected onto it in ultraviolet light. Where the ultraviolet light was, the protein becomes insoluble in water, the rest is washed away with water. Now follows a vacuum deposition process of an aluminium layer over the entire surface, after which the insoluble protein, which was not washed away by water, is removed with a solvent. On the surface of the glass remains the positive of the image consisting exclusively of the aluminum layer.
Who else recognized the process having watched thethoughtemporium video?
Really cool to see this process again and understand what's happening.
Никогда прежде такого не видел! Спасибо что показали!
Same here!
This is also how they stencil out certain silicon chips for electronics.
I worked for Motorola bk in the early 2000’s and this is very similar in principle to chip layer etching. The area was completely cut off from daylight with only yellow light inside. So weird when ur tired on a nightshift 🧟♂️
@@gazjwil677 Can night shifts cause long-term health effects? I was recently offered a job, I refused.
This is amazing I was pretty confused most of the video puzzled what you were doing to a microscope slide
Thank you this explains it a lot better than the words could
I love the mini sputtering chamber.
What in the actual f...? That's fucking amazing, man!
Think that's amazing? Computer chips with details millions of times smaller are made the same way,...sort of
@@ScorpionXXXVII , that's amazing too, but I always wondered about the process and never expected to see it in a short.
This kind of thing never ceases to amaze me 🤔 Love to watch it . Then i find myself asking myself Who the hell made the machinery in the first place to do this 🤦🏼♂️🤷🏼♂️
@@UncleBaldy , seriously, these things really makes us wonder the level of feats we've achieved being humanity as a whole as well.
That’s nuts, had no clue how they got the color to be consistent and now I see. That said it’s always amazing to see how much wasted material making stuff produces - not bashing your technique at all, in my profession we have an insane amount of waste and it’s sadly necessary unless someone figures out a less wasteful way - just always interesting to see what we lose in the process of production
Appreciate your awareness.
I have been sensitive to waste production throughout my entire life .....
It has kt me from being active, involved in quite a bit of activity.
Now I find myself looking in awe at life experiences I have exacted myself out of.....
I always wanted to know how I could do this at home. Sweet! Thank you!
I didn’t know what was going on but I’m glad I stayed until the end.
Same
Looks like a similar method to processing film into photographs. Clean the glass plate well, add some light sensitive compounds to glass, shine light with image you want (tablet in this video), watch as your developed photo appears.
You placed these down and I immediately thought this was an episode of Dexter
Открыта технология изготовления микрофотографий 18века. Спасибо за видео.
Разве автор утверждает, что он первооткрыватель? Вроде, тут обычная демонстрация
I've never failed to understand something this much
I'm wondering how is the process going on.
Correct me if i'm wrong.
1. Spin coat with photoresist
2. Expose to the UV
3. Remove the unreacted photoresist
4. Deposit with metal
5. Lift off the metal
that would make a lot of sense, thank you!!!! tysm!
For all I know this guy is doing Breaking Bad shit, I have no idea. What makes me ponder, is the setting. It appears to me that he is doing this in his garage, like some mad tech scientist.
Yep that's basically it
There is one additional step between 1 and 2: set-up & align the light path and the mask (the text being projected). And a step before 1: clean the substrates.
Setting up between 1 and 2 is the hardest part of this video. Step 0 the most important. The rest is easy.
@@TheEvertw they're also heated up right? might as well add that in there if we want to be specific
Can't stop watching this 😍
Can't even imagine how much effort it took to prepare all these steps
These kind of things we expect from social media..
They're showing it step-by-step as if I can do it at home like making Christmas cookies.
Really nice work. I also used lithography at my last job, except I was using the polymer as a waveguide on a thin plastic foil to measure temperature or mechanical input and not to make a mask. Fortunately, we had an µPG 101.
I've seen people print lithographs with 3d printers, but I'm not sure why the term/word relates to this, being photolithography.
@@deucedeuce1572 yeah my bad. i mean photolithography
@@Dalleee234 np. I wasn't calling you out or anything. I'm just generally ignorant on the differences between them and the similarity of their name. They're clearly two entirely different things, but share a common name. Then there's "Stereolithography", which is additive manufacturing by using resin that is cured by UV light. I guess they all have to do with layers on top of layers and they also all use light in some way too.
Excellent job, crisp clean lines..
Единственная стоящая видюха за весь день...
Using that method could preserves writings for untold centuries
Love you videos
Thank you!
I expected the story of *Darth Plagueis The Wise,* but the script to *Schek* is also fun :D
"Schek" 💀💀💀
Schreck? Shreck? or Shrek?
MOSFET any% is getting crazy lately
the future sure is crazy.
lol. on any% it's matter of seconds
Bro's gonna beat TSMC
dang! that is freaking COOL!!!
is there any way to make home made diy photo resin? because typical photo resins loke SU8 are expensive
I don't think there is a good DIY version. But depending on the resolution you want to achieve, dry film photoresist might be a good option. Can be bought on eBay or Amazon for cheap.
They make liquid PCB photo resists too. Not just dry film.
Look up egg albumin photo print.
Having no context as to what's happening, I'm only amazed I watched this twice. Very compelling work. Thank you
humans have progressed so far,
too bad some of them want us to live like peasants in the dark ages...
You see those imperfections in the final product? That happens in real life silicon too. There’s this whole system of basically allowing some level of imperfections and then weeding out the bad devices through a very long list of electronic performance and functional testing. If you try to zero out the imperfections, you end up with chips that are too expensive for their purpose. Of course if you try to rely only on weeding out bad devices and letting too many imperfections get through, you end up wasting too many wafers and you end up making the chips too expensive too.
Testing also involves clean room (although not as stringent) and $M equipment, facilities, lots of man weeks of effort.
@@jimc3688 well, silicon wafers always imply clean rooms. But if you blind build the chips then test after, then testing doesn't need clean rooms. Testing also doesn't need $M equipment if your project is small enough. There's plenty of test equipment in the tens of thousands of dollars.It's mostly the fab's infrastructure that requires millions of dollars in upfront cost.
The classifications for Intel i5, i9, etc are also based on the number of functional bits of the wafers.
if this just visually looks and seems impressive, we often don't think about how incredible digital media really is.
omg this is EXACTLY what i was doing for my dissertation in uni! well i was trying to make a microfluidics circuit (like you apply a voltage to an area next to where you have a droplet and theoretically it should move. didn’t work very well but i did boil a few droplets 😹). Your setup is waaaaay nicer than ours but the centrifuge thingy where you apply your photoresist - ours kept the glass slide in place using a vacuum instead of tape which was cool. until some photoresist got slurped into the hole and i had to disassemble the whole machine. my background was more mechanical engineering so i should have been comfortable with fixing equipment but i find it stressful - more of theory kind of girl 🙈
I could never keep the metal stuck to the glass. like when you dissolve your photo resist mask my whole design would lift off. so much swearing and frustration 😂
also your mask is amazing detailed! we dont have people in south Africa who can make those professionally (or not that we know of anyway) so the people before me were using stacks of photocopied transparencies which obviously was a fail. i have a graphic design/photography background (tried eng after art bombed haha) so i found a printing press that still had some old machines that would make lithography plates for say printing books or magazines. those transparencies were a huge improvement but i never thought to see how tiny i could go - defos wouldn’t have been able to get your level of detail
I really appreciate how the first time i watched this short i didnt know what the fuck was going on
And then the second time i watched it its like you taught me a year of middle school physics
Basically, this is lift off technique. 1.Probably it's a negative photoresist (PR) was coated .
2. On top of bright field mask, UV light was illuminated. ( Area where the substrate exposed to UV will become stronger, and unexposed will become weaker)
3. Then dipped into a photoresist developer, to remove weak PR. Then should be dried.
4. Then some metal/non metal was coated using sputtering ( I guess).
5. later, dipped in acetone to remove the PR, which will lift off the material on top of it.
"PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY" cooool❤🎉
Absolutely correct! :)
Which university, if you don't mind me asking?
Sorry wrong comment. Never mind.
Lost nd Found.
That shit is impressive the work to only do it is amazing
I love how it's the script of Shrek that he put on that piece hilarious.
I saw the writing and thought it was a really intricate way of sneaking notes into class
All the engineering man has ever accomplished has come to this
Takes me back to reading old newspapers in my local library and in the archives at the local state school campus .
This is truly amazing
that tinkering sure can advanced. idk what im watching!
This is somewhat similar to making PCP boards. I just watched a video about that-very cool!
And that's how CPUs are made in factories , the silver layer is a layer of silicon and the note is etched in photo lithography
I do this at work!! So cool!
The fact that it’s the dialogue for Shrek makes it even better. Movie pirating on another level.
The lengths a person goes to the night before exam instead of just studying
My favourite content! "Someone does something"
This dude is on another level. Wow
Первый раз мне это видел попалось несколько месяцев назад и тогда я пересмотрел его раз 10. И вот сейчас, все пересматриваю и пересматриваю. Не знаю почему. Так рад за неё, как будто это моя дочь.
Damn…. That was insanely complicated but crazy cool
As for images and text, You can go even smaller using 1800s technology and collodion silver emulsions.
You can put 30 portraits on a 1mm image.
are you planning to make DIY backyard microchips?
One day before my exam -me -
making chets for my exam😂
Chip fabrication concepts are just amazing
A similar process exists for making PCB in electronics.
Thank you so much for all your work.
Thought the litho setup was pretty crazy to have
But bro's casually got an entire sputtering machine lol
imagine storing libraries like this in fireproof glass wrapped in a scratch protection film
Yes it's called an SSD
The fact it’s the secret krabby patty formula makes it even better
playing the early resident evil games got me thinking about how you had to use these machines to solve some of the most complex puzzles lol.... wow
i saw “wow i can fly” in the text and immediately thought of donkey from shrek, i thought i was just tired but then i double take and sure enough it checks out
This is a sputtering chamber. He laminated it with a copper base or metal base film so it would conduct electricity to ground as he places it in a vaccume,in the sputtering chamber, where the specimen is subjected to thousands of volt creating a plasma arc the will accelerate particle in the vacuum to sediment on the surface of the film of the glass causing a fission eching o the surface of the glass and with the conductive film ,but before that he subjected the conductive film or blue light activated resin that actually transcribed the text on the film before he cooks it in the sputtering chamber. I am kind of guessing at this point😅
Wow, incredible. 😮