صدایی فراموش شده در موسیقی ایرانی «قره نی»persian clarinet in Dashti

کلارینت ایرانی در کنار ویلن و پیانو یکی از محبوب ترین سازها در دهه های نخستین قرن پیش بود .نوازندگان برجسته ای چون حسینعلی وزیری تبار و محمد شیر خدایی توانستند ردیف موسیقی ایرانی را به طور کامل با این ساز بنوازند و تکنوازی های درخشانی را در رادیو با این ساز ضبط کنند. لازم به توضیح است که این آثار با استقبال فراوانی در آن سال‌ها روبرو شد و بسیاری از این تکنواز ی ها برای سالها از برنامه گلها پخش میشد.متاسفانه کلارینت امروزه صدایی فراموش شده در موسیقی ایرانی ست که ریشه یابی این موضوع در این چند خط مقدور نیست و نیاز به تحقیق و نقد فراوان دارد. این ویدئو چند دقیقه بداهه نوازی در آواز دشتی ست با کلارینت سی بمل سیستم بوهم.
The history of Persian Music
Archaeological evidence shows that the development of music in Iran finds its origin in its first civilizations. Instruments, texts, and paintings testify from the emergence of musicians as far as the Elam civilization. Even if we have few pieces of information about the tradition of music under the great Persian Empire of the Achaemenids, we know that it was already a central part of the court's life. Greek historians have written that before fighting against the Assyrian army, Cyrus the Great sang a heroic hymn and it was a brass band that announced the attack. In Iranian mythology, the glorious king Jamshid is credited for the invention of music.
It's during the Sassanid era that Persian music finds its authentic roots, and many documents from this period testify of its importance. Musicians are depicted, for instance, in several Sassanian bas-reliefs, such as Taq-e Bostan, in Kermanshah. At that time, music was not a simple entertainment for the court but was seen as a way for men to communicate with God.
Many famous musicians lived by the Sassanian court, among which one of the founding fathers of Iranian music, Barbad. This highly respected poet and musician played for king Khoswro II and he is considered the inventor of the musical tradition, as we know it today.
Under the Qajar Dynasty, many famous musicians contributed to developing the art of Persian music. In the same time, as the Qajar kings were particularly attracted by Western countries, influences from the musical principles of the West started to enter the traditional music of Iran. Mirza Abdollah, a tar and setar player of the Qajar court, has played a major role in establishing Persian music by teaching it in conservatories and universities. He is viewed as one of the most significant musicians in Iran's history.
What is Iranian music?
Traditional Persian music is based on a series of modal scales and tunes. The repertoire, which has been fully developed in the 19th century, is called "Radif": it is based on seven modes called "Dastagh", with many sub-modes, and five derivated modes called "Avaz". These modes contain more than 200 short melodic motions, called "Gushe", which are succeeding to each other in a specific order.
This traditional and unique repertoire, the "Radif of Iranian music", has been listed by UNESCO, in 2009, as an element of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.