Chat GPT for Astronomy, Microscopes on Mars, Use Cases for Starship | Q&A 217
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- Опубликовано: 2 июл 2024
- Why don't we send microscopes on space probes to search for life? How do black holes even form? Can Chat GPT or similar systems help Astronomy? How will we use Starship when it starts to fly?
00:00 Start
01:04 [Tatooine] How can black holes even exist?
04:43 [Coruscant] How to dock to a spinning space station?
08:12 [Hoth] Why not send microscopes on space probes?
11:18 [Naboo] Where's the green screen?
13:25 [Kamino] Why didn't Mars get a Moon like the Earth?
17:04 [Bespin] How hard is it to get interviews or talk with NASA?
21:32 [Mustafar] Can Chat GPT help Astronomy?
25:24 [Alderaan] Why don't we go under to the icy moons' subsurface oceans?
28:39 [Dagobah] What will drive public interest in space in the coming years?
31:43 [Yavin] How will we use Starship?
34:46 [Mandalore] How to travel faster than light?
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Наука
A special episode from the forest from time to time would be nice
Yeah, I definitely want to remember that a deer creeped up on Fraser while he was talking 😊🦌
we miss the forest!
MAKE YOUR OWN VIDEO THEN. !!! PAUL.. idiot
In a flower crown, no less. That'd be awesome
I couldn't say it better
17:11 Explains why this channel represents the full potential of the Internet. It allows interested people access to leading scientists and thinkers. If we could get 20 channels like this on all different subjects in one place, it would move humanity a step forward.
Alderaan, because I just love the mental picture of you calling up NASA like, "hey, it's Fraser, we going to Europa yet?" and some poor intern is like, "we told you yesterday, NO!"
I’m 74 and I enjoy so very much watching what’s happening in space exploration now. The first thing I do every morning is check my favorite RUclips channel that deal with the new developments in space. SpaceX lit my fuse. I’m retired and my children don’t know how exciting the space frontier is. Thank you for your contributions never miss a video of yours. I don’t know if SpaceX will launch in April and for sure don’t know if they will make it to space or the less than one orbit they have planed. I hope they don’t have a RUD on the pad. If they can light 33 engines and burn to MECO that would be fine with me. I hope they go further because they need data. I still watch every Falcon9 launch just doesn’t get old for me.
Bespin for the win this week. Your advice on going beyond the press releases could apply to so many different fields.
Bespin: Always good to see 'behind the scenes' and how UT works.
Thanks Fraser, question askers and Patrons!
Bespin for the best win. It's quite the process behind the scenes. We thank you for your labours!
Chat GPT helped me get the first job that I have now. I sat in the parking lot before the interview and on my phone I made chatgpt take on the role of an interviewer in the industry I was applying for and I just went through question after question getting myself prepared and saying "next question" to chatgpt and it got me in a confident mindset and I absolutely aced that interview and now I have a job!! I absolutely love chat gpt
That's amazing. What a great idea.
Hoth!
Thanks for all the info, Fraser! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Love how the ice moon drilling idea evolved, before you were talking about issues with the drilled surface freezing over, now that is overcome by leaving a wire behind with the "drill bit" being the wired bridge between the surface and the wireless communication of the submersibles, I wonder if the last video of yours I watched about this was years old or months old, because the evolution is new to me
This show inspires me every time, thank you so much!!!
Hi Fraser,
ESA is in the planning/proposal stages of a Gaia mission successor in the 2040s, called GaiaNIR (Near-Infrared), planned to be situated at the Sun-Earth L2 Point, just like all the other incredible space missions.
However, would it be better if GaiaNIR was situated at (or beyond) Saturn’s Orbit or Lagrange Points?
Two cases for this reasoning;
1. As with your interview with Prof. Michael Zemcov, going away from the dust, light & heat of the inner solar system would greatly benefit even the smallest visible telescope. This should also translate for telescopes in the infrared, which could help look though colder cosmic dust and do a better survey/census of even more dimmer objects like Red Dwarfs, Brown Dwarfs, Exoplanets, Centaurs, Planets beyond the Kuiper belt or maybe even Oort Cloud objects.
2. Gaia and its planned successor use parallax/parsec as their core method of measurement. Saturn’s orbit is on average ~10AU from the Sun, compared to Earth’s orbit of 1AU. This may not necessarily scale by a magnitude, but there should be a definite increase in extending the distance ladder to measure even farther objects by using Saturnal Parsecs (maybe translates down to nano or femto Earth arcseconds?), whilst also getting significantly better positions & proper motions of stellar objects in the near to mid-range.
Some Notes on Feasibility;
* 1 Saturnal year is ~30 Earth Years. As such it would take GaiaNIR at Saturn, atleast ~12 to 15 Years before it could release its first major data release (not accounting for the time taken to process the data & time taken to travel to the Saturn system to begin with). However, a constellation of 2, 3 or more identical satellites (similar to the LISA Gravitational Observatory), could increase the cadence of useful Data Releases.
** Highly Theoretical - Keeping one spacecraft at Earth L2 and sending another identical spacecraft outside the solar system could give an extended parallax of more than 50AU in about 15 Years. Better than even Saturn’s Orbit.
* The data rate from ~10AU distance can also be increased and made more efficient with the use of Laser Communications Relay or Deep Space Optical Communication (Like on Psyche Mission), to send Mega or Giga bits of data streams back to Earth. This technology should have easily matured by the mid to late 2030s, when the construction of GaiaNIR should begin for a launch in the mid-2040s.
* The power/battery required to keep the mission running for such long periods already exist. And the onboard data processeing can be improved and made more effcient over time to use less energy.
* Finally, the Cost-Benefit Analysis of a mission like this should be easily justifiable for a Budget in Billions, and the time or multi-decade resources required for it. I may be completely wrong about this point, but wanted to wish & hope anyways ;).
Would love an in-depth interview with David Hobbs of Lund Observatory, Sweden about GaiaNIR.
Have been following your show for more than 5 years, finally got the courage to ask a question. Thanks for all the work you and your team do.
Bespin is the winner. Great episode!
As for my favorite? That's really hard! But... I'd lean towards Bespin, myself. Fascinating and fantastic that they respond so well!
thank you very much for the hard work you and your team does!
Cheers for the video mate 😎 👌
Mandalore
The speed of light is such a weird limit, it's sometimes hard to wrap one's mind around it. Part of how I keep it straight is to remember that the "c" in Einstein's famous equation doesn't refer to light specifically, but rather to "causality." =D
Naboo. I also really miss the backgrounds. It made your channel very unique and was enjoyable to watch as a viewer.
I know the forest shots were difficult for you, but they were pretty great. Maybe squeak in a quarterly show out there in the wild? Just don't go back to the green screen'ish background, that was rough. Chilling on the patio with a nice cold beverage (I know you've given up on beer) talking to us about Space Bites or something.
Then again, this American might give in and move up to Canada when he retires in 2034 because reasons.
Planes flying over and wild life ain't no big deal (ads ambiance ;) ). Chain saws buzzing in the background might have to be worked into a "Canadian Chain Saw Debacle" skit maybe.
Great content as usual, thank you for being who you are.
Question:
We are in a faraday cage which is also a vacuum chamber to minimize interference from any outside EM fields or particles. In this vacuum chamber, I've set up a double slit experiment with a machine that shoots protons, one at a time, at the slits 0.1 meters away. The speed of the protons is 0.5c. One meter behind the slits is a screen that glows in the spot where a proton hits it. Five meters off to the side of the slits, I have an extremely sensitive EM detector that can tell which slit each proton passed through based on the measured strength of its EM field, which will be presumably be stronger if the proton passed through the closer slit, and presumably be weaker if it passed through the farther slit. Note that because the screen is much closer to the slits than the detector, by the time each proton's EM field from the time it was passing the slits and hitting the screen reaches the detector, they've already hit the screen. If I fire a thousand protons one at a time, but quickly, will I see an interference pattern in on the screen?
Variant: instead of measuring the proton's EM field, the detector measures its gravitational field. Same idea.
Variant 2: I use a camera close to the screen to take a picture of the glowing spots as soon as the photons from the glowing screen reach it, which is also before the protons' EM/gravitational fields have had time to reach the detector. I think this should make any retro-causality voodoo more complicated?
Specifically, I would like to know what the theory would predict in this scenario beyond "we could never build a detector sensitive enough in practice," and why this is or is not a loophole to the proposition that it is impossible in theory, and not just in practice, to reveal both the wave- and particle-like properties of a quantum object at the same time.
Coruscant is so interesting, rotating space stations are so interesting
@ 30:45 I felt the excitement from the guy in green on the right side 😁. Now I want to go catch a launch lol
Speaking of a space drill through the ice, what do you think about the possibility of a tunnel-boring machine in miniature? This device could be launched ahead of the probe to set up a tunnel wall that is made up of material that was drilled through. It could also be kept cleared and opened by the blocks of the tunnel being heated. If Starship does provide the means to heft up devices of sufficient weight, the possibilities abound for the functional capabilities of such an endeavor to be myriad.
Hoth. Thanks for the interesting info.
Kamino. PS. Great content Fraser. You sir, are a legend!
a Mars gravity space station is the most scientifically useful one,
better to find out if that level is "good enough" in a station rather than on Mars
Naboo. I too miss the CGI backgrounds😂🤣 And the star parties!
🎉
When planet atmospheres are blown away into space, what happens to the gases? Do they become invisible clouds, do they drift around in space? Do they break down completely in the vacuum of space from solar winds? Love the show. long time lurker, first question :)
Tatooine: I used to have that question too, but I realized the answer myself, which was the same as yours. Not 100% sure its correct, but I am happy with it. I vote for that one.
That’s so cool to know you are from BC!
Coruscant was a good question answered very concisely, well done! I've read too many science fiction books with space stations in them 😉 so I knew it. Still, great Q!
Hoth was a very logical question, though I knew the answer would be payload weight. 🙃
Kamino was really interesting to listen to!
Bespin is a great question and a really cool answer that makes me happy! I'm super glad that NASA and their researchers are so happy to give an interview! ❤😊 Bummer that the other papers' researchers don't get back to you as much. As for me not having heard the stuff you cover... Anton Petrov often scoops you. 😉 He does great coverage on new published papers!
Mustafar was just weird. I'm not sure I really like the idea. It creeps me out.
Alderaan? Oh, _~bleeping bleepety bleep~_ NO! We don't want to introduce anything from OUR planet that could poison, sicken, or kill whatever life might be there! Let's NOT do to potential life there what the white man did to the Native Americans: kill them off with smallpox. 🤬
Dagobah... first, with that name, I'd be unwilling to interact, as they'd likely be some kind of Quanon antivaxxer. I'd have avoided them. As for the answer... there's too much damned drama down here, and people with names like theirs are the kind creating it. _~shrug~_
Yavin: I definitely don't like the idea of Starship becoming a freaking monopoly, for sure. As for what to launch? PEOPLE and lots of PARTS for SPACE STATIONS, I could think of a BUNCH of things to launch!
Mandalore, well, LOL, that's a fun and funny idea and a hilarious answer! But I think you got it wrong. Light from a star 10 light years away doesn't get here instantaneously, so how would that "get there before you left?" That does it make much sense.
Regarding Mandalore and travelling faster than the speed of light, (I'm not a physicist but as far as I understand-or misunderstand?-it) I think that depends on who you ask.
If you go from Alpha Centauri to Earth at the speed of light, someone standing on Earth would say it took you 4 years. But for you it would take no time, you would arrive instantly. And, _in a way,_ you would arrive instantly for the person on Earth too, because the light showing you taking off would take 4 years to get here, and since you travel at the same speed as the light, you would arrive at the same time as the light showing you taking off. (I assume? I've never thought about that before 😲🤔)
If you went twice the speed of light, presumably, someone on Earth would say it took you 2 years (although, again, you would arrive two years before the light showing you taking off, I guess?), but if you plug "2 x the speed of light" into the equation, it says time would move backwards for you, so you would be 2 years younger when you arrived than when you set off. Which, at least from your perspective ought to count as "arriving before you left".
(Input and corrections very much appreciated!)
Oh, this is a good one :)
Hi Fraser. Love your work. It’s a constant companion. Thank you
QUESTION
Could a black dwarf become a planet around another star, and possibly harbour life?
The rotating space station doesn't have to have a "stationary" central core for docking. The docking space craft simply uses relatively small thrusters to match the spin of the station and then nudge forward in the usual manner.
As for the material for a really big station with say 250meters radius or more; we make it from iron nickel alloy obtained from an iron nickel asteroid. Judging by the number of iron nickel meteorites that we find on Earth, there are probably a few to be found out there. All we need to launch is the fabrication machinery and internal fixtures once we have the shell.
Kamino. Stabilizing the Earth's rotation is good, but tidal pools and flats seem like an essential step to transition to land.
Hey Fraser, here's a question for you. How would the rotational speed of a space station with artificial gravity be affected by the human presence within? Such as the day to day movement of people, or the operation of robotics. Would it need to be periodically sped up, similar to how the ISS needs to make station keeping burns?
On the notion of big space stations. There is a trick in how to make a pretty larger one with not too much mass. You do not need to make a big ring. That has it benefits. But you just need two weights connected to each other rotating around the same centre of gravity. They technically do not even need to be the same mass. And you can just use a long tether. So as long as the tether can keep the weight attached without breaking, you can get away with a lot.
Hoth! Thanks Fraser and UT-Team. And a question:
I know that dart was chosen to impact Didymos in that way, because it made it easier to measure change in its orbiting time around Dimorphos. ❓Can/Does an impact like that influence the combined trajectory of a 2-body-system, as long as the smaller body remains in orbit and doesn't reach escape velocity? Or does it just change the orbit of the smaller body and increase the "wobble" of the center body, without changing the mean center of the gravity sink? Thanks! 😊
Great 👍🏻
Hi Frasier ( kamino )great questions about mars this week hard to pick a favourite microscope to Mars yeah who doesn't want to do that. Maybe the answer is to send a microscope dedicated mission and the moon question. Wow, yeah fantastic question.
Fraser, with regards to the Mandalore question, there's a great video about Grabby Aliens by Rational Animations that explains why we don't see aliens and warp drives etc... Thank you for your efforts!
Hello Fraser, greeting from Brazil! Love your videos! Regarding your difficulties trying to contact to researchers from papers, maybe you should try a similar approach to the one one you use for NASA, and try to contact the outreach or press office at the researcher’s institution first!? Cheers
That's a fantastic suggestion. I'll try that from here on out.
Hi! Love the show. My question is this: Have you ever wondered if we are living inside a huge living thing (the universe), as cells and bacteria lives inside us?
Commenting bc I like you :)
Your talking about being a reporter for space news is good. I do not know if you have watched Ellie in Space. She also has a RUclips channel that covers other stuff not covered by the media. Between the two of you I get a lot of my news and understanding from your information you put out.
Alderaan has it for me this week
Hi Fraser
Re - Coruscant - You're right about being weightless while in the centre of the station, however, you were wrong about remaining weightless as you travel down one of the spokes. To illustrate, allow me to draw from Mission Impossible 3: Imagine a helicopter that is hovering, neither rising up nor falling down. This will be our stand-in for something weightless. Now imagine a VERY large windmill, with large blades. These blades will stand-in for the spokes of a rotating station. If the helicopter flies through the windmill and makes contact with those blades, it doesn't continue to hover (ie- weightless). It gets smacked around/ down/ up...
The spokes of a rotating station (as well as the blades of the windmill) have a constant rotational velocity (for this 'essay,' I'll use the term Rotational Velocity in preference to the more common term of Angular Velocity). You- as a free-floating, weightless object- do not. The farther you travel from the centre of that rotating station, the greater the effect of g-forces on you, due to rotational velocity. The spokes will impart a motive force upon you (ie- they're pushing you, much the same way that the ground [on earth] pushes against you, though with less 'force') making you stick to the sides of the walls (which side depends on the direction of the rotation), pushing you rimwards (away from the centre [hub] towards the edge [rim], all while being stuck to the side) ever so slightly. Far from being weightless, you actually start to experience gravity (albeit simulated) the minute you start travelling down one of the spokes. The only way you could possibly be weightless while inside those spokes, would be if you had the exact same rotational velocity as the spokes around you, while also being independent of the structures around you. But you'd need magical powers to be able to maintain a rotational velocity, independently of your surroundings. If you were able to remain weightless while inside the spokes, you'd also be weightless everywhere else on the rotating station.
I understand that people have a hard time visualising this. If someone reading this is also having a hard time making sense of this, never fear; there's a practical experiment you can run to verify this. You just need something that can rotate. Maybe a tyre or a barrel? Then you need to create spokes in that thing. Maybe wedge a bit of wood or a stick, running the diameter of the tire. Hells, maybe insert a second stick at a cross angle, running perpendicular to the first stick, even. Once you have all that, you just need your "astronaut." For this, you'll need a balloon filled with helium, a bit of string and some chewing gum. Tie the string to the filled balloon, and then keep adding incrementally more gum to the end of the string, until the helium balloon perfectly hovers in place. So you're using the chewing gum as ballast to weigh the balloon down. Once it neither rises nor falls and is effectively 'weightless,' we have our "astronaut." Now you can run the experiment:
Just place the "astronaut" somewhere inside the "rotating space station." Now rotate the tire and watch what happens.
A spoke will soon hit the "astronaut", causing him to stick to the spoke. As long as the rotational velocity remains constant (or is increasing), the "astronaut" will remain stuck to the spoke. Depending on the amount of friction between the astronaut and the spoke, the astronaut will also start to slide away from the centre, towards the rim.
If you ran the experiment (or understood the explanation), you'll recognise that, far from being weightless, experiencing increasingly more "gravity" while inside the spokes of a rotating station, is the safest way to go from being completely weightless at the centre, to being at maximal rotational velocity at the rim (ie- as the moment-arm increases, the g-forces felt will increase, up to a maximum at the terminus of the moment-arm). Otherwise, if you WERE weightless all the way through the spoke, by the time you reached the rim, you'd have to instantly go from zero-g forces to 1-g acting on you, which would be the equivalent of jumping or dropping from a height of 10 meters (9.8 meters, really) or about 30 feet.
Ps: Sorry for the length, but it's easy for people to get this stuff wrong, thanks to many decades of incorrect Hollywood presumptions. Even after all this, I'm not sure if I explained this concept clearly. If I DID mangle the explanation, I can only hope that people will make the effort to run the practical experiment, so that they can see the application of forces for themselves.
Current photo teck will allow for creating a high resolution backdrop that can then be used within the studio.
Pre-record forestry background in a long loop that won't be quickly obvious, then present in front of a green screen.
I think something like tree's in the back and a chainsaw sounds would be a happy medium!
Concerning the Naboo question, why not use a green screen + forest image instead of the bookshelf? It would be convenient AND nice-looking.
Record footage of the forest and use a blue screen. Temperate rainforest all year round!
Hi Fraser, love the show. I was wondering -- since a black hole's singularity is point-like, how do we perceive the "visual" of a black hole's event horizon? In my mind, I'm imagining the beautiful pictures we've taken of some of the giants, and while I can understand the disc of light visual, I guess my question would be what that means about the actual physical shape of the event horizon? If humans were hypothetically able to peer into the sky and spot a black hole, would we even perceive the event horizon (like artistic renditions of a black hole) or would we simply not see anything? Thanks for reading, love what you do!
About the traveling faster than the Speed of light, there are several quantum research teams are saying we may be able to appear to move a greater than the speed of light.this is related to some of the quirky findings related to quantum coupling. On the macro scale it does not change the limitation of light speed. However some of the things in quantum physics says "yes we can effectively reach a destination at what would be faster than light but from a quantum perspective.
As many of us know that , We are constantly listening and scanning space around us, If there were Advanced ET's we would have detected the signal by now, So far we have detected nothing therfore it makes sense that we dismiss all the assumption that there are some super advanced forign onjectd like the dysons sphere out there.
Great video once again, Thanks Fraser. 🤟🍻✌️🇨🇦
7:04 If the station is spinning, wouldn't you be able to just spin the craft? You spin the craft to match the station's spin. That way the dock appears to not be moving at all. The way it would work is you'd line up and as the craft gets closer to the station you start gently increasing the spin of the craft until it matches and lines up with the station. If done properly and at the correct time, by the time the craft's spin-up is complete it will have just gotten close enough for the docking clamps or whatever other procedure to complete, so it would all look like one very fluid and very practiced maneuver, but you'd probably want this kind of thing automated but still want pilots who are able to do it just in case.
It might use up a little more fuel, but more efficient than having moving and non-moving parts that could break down. Also, imagine someone getting an arm or leg snagged when going through from the central area to the rotating spokes! Sounds like a great plan to have people lose body parts.
Having the whole station spin and having crafts match the spin to dock seems like a much safer way to do it. Plus you don't have to worry about gears or bearings between the rotating and non-rotating parts wearing out and/or breaking down. Oh and the craft matching the spin of the station means that it also produces some gravity inside the craft on approach and when docked, which would make it easier to load and off-load people and supplies.
Tatooine- I think you missed one part of the answer. WHEN does the event horizon of a black hole grow? If it looks to the outside observer like matter never reaches it, and a subjective observer sees the universe speed up around them, it sounds like the actual accretion occurs far far in the future.
Alderaan Europa Clipper will be amazing regardless if it finds whales or not.
The water on Europa is so pure that one sip will extend your life for 800 years. Amazing stuff.
13:39 One thing I've never seen anyone consider is "What if Mercury in Thea or what's left of it?". Mercury has a very thin crust and a large core relative to its size, which has scientists wondering what happened to the missing material. They suspect that Mercury was struck by a glancing blow that scraped off a lot of the crust material, and then reformed with a much thinner crust and a core too large for its size.
Well, we think Earth was also stuck by a glancing blow by a Mars-sized object. We call that object Thea and the impact led to the formation of the moon. What happened to Thea after the impact? Did all the material get absorbed into the Earth and Moon? Could it be that the remnants of Thea have been under our noses the entire time? We just know her as Mercury now.
Hey Fraser. Between the SLS and the SpaceX starship, how much more of a load capacity example could we put in those compared to the old space shuttle. Such as the SLS can take two James Webb size telescopes up at once? Thanks, Jason Akers
Bespin, thanks Fraser.
Mustafar for me!
25:25 I can imagine the moment our lander/submarine cores into the ice and falls into the subsurface oceans, is eaten by space whales...
All the probe though was.. "Oh no, not again" 😂
While I'm watching this question about interest in space. I'm also watching a train going through Spartanburg, SC, on Virtual Railfan.
Bespin had a good question about NASA interviews.
I'm voting for Naboo. But the planet for that question should have been Endor :)
How far does time progress from when you first enter to when you die from the gravitational forces, because this seems like the most amazing way to go out
Hi Fraser. Here is my question: If a Giant Fraser would pick one sun of ours in each hand, and slowly approached them together, at what distance would we start seeing the effect of gravity between them? Guessing complicated physics.. Obrigado!
Hoth
It was a long standing doubt of mine
For the Mars sample return how big would the return rocket need to be?
re forest background:
How about a semi-fake background? Film your own patch of forest, as a background plate. Cut it around places where someone crosses the frame or where there are loud noises.
Then record yourself over a green screen.
Put in a clip fro the forest. Don't reuse background clips! They'll all be unique as if you had narrated while filming it.
After hearing that somebody asked how to dock with a rotating space station, I wanted to point out that you are in space with no atmosphere, pressure, or gravity. I would imagine that nothing is preventing the spaceship to gain a stable orbit and moving with the station before moving in to be clasped by docking arms, so you can let the station move the ship to the hatch. Everything is moving in orbit, so even if the rotating habitat has an inner ring that does not rotate, there will be arms from the station to help you dock. You won’t need to thread the needle, or the ship through the center hatch, because if you miss, you won't be flying in space again or anywhere else… Oh, before we have a rotating habitat all flight controls will be auto-piloted, I would guess.??
Why would we need a rotating habitat when we could have a 250-meter Protective Cude with a rotating cylinder that needs to rotate less than once a minute… We would have a 200-meter-wide and 200-meter-long Cylinder Habitat with Earth-grade gravity, I’m guessing 1G would be best for Earthlings… You do realize we would be over 650 feet… With a 300 feet high ceiling, we would have 30-story buildings that would have 9-foot ceilings and a foot for the utilities and soundproofing.
I may be totally wrong, and we may need a mile-wide cylinder to ha 30 stories and have the gravity not change too much but haven’t you heard of Hypergravity Vehicle Habitats… ‘Two story high big train cars on a Maglev track that makes a 150-meter ring.’ Think of the train in “Snowpiercer” going in circles on the Moon.??
Dr. Joseph Parker - Human Development in Low Gravity - 21st Annual Mars Society Convention; ruclips.net/video/HPck20Jpyio/видео.html
Hey Fraser, how many starlink satellites would we need to ensure total lunar coverage? What about martian coverage? Can we send a single starship full of satellites ahead of humans and deploy an entire usable network? On earth we need thousands, but the moon and Mars will have significantly fewer users.
Some really good questions this week in particular the black hole mass and Mars microscope.
QUESTION: so I’m fully onboard that we landed on the moon, however why is it going to take so many launches to get there again VS one launch using the Saturn V?
Coruscant: you could also have said to just watch 2001 and be done with it! haha
With additional proper Mars training, AGI should be very useful on Mars missions.
Honestly I think SpaceX alone reinvigorated the interest in space, not only because Elon is .... controversial ... But also because of his outsized goals and the sci Fi aspect of landing rockets. As you said though, interest is clearly waning again...
Again, from the reference frame of the astronauts, it's absolutely correct to call it microgravity or - rounded down - zero-g. Einstein's got your back when you do that!
Naboo for sure.
🌍⚡🌍
On Earth we have rocks where there are alternating bands of red and black iron, these layers come from the great oxidation event when life was emiting pulses of oxygen into the atmosphere, The black iron layers are when oxygen was low and the red iron layers are when the oxygen levels were higher. Does the fact that Mars has iron oxide on it's surface point to a similar oxidation event on Mars?
QUESTIONS FOR QUESTION SHOW: is there a link between increased solar activity(i.e. solar maximum) and earthquakes?
Hi Fraser, love your channel. My question is can we just explode a massive nuclear bomb on the surface of Europa to form a big gaping hole in the ice crust to then access the inner ocean?
Do planets have an ion and a dust tail like comets do?
Naboo. I enjoy hearing about how the sausage is made.
Naboo it sounds like a Star Wars planet
Also I tried to get Chat GPT to right a machine learning script in R to search for the best candidates for habitable expoplanets. It gave so many bogus references, packages, and lines of code I was in an endless error loop.
Hi Fraser,
Is the Oort Cloud something that is unique to our solar system, or do scientists think most/all solar systems have some kind of Oort Cloud surrounding them?
All stars that formed out of gas and *dust* will have an Oort Cloud. That is, not the most ancient stars that formed without water etc. available.
the new inflatable space structures should make a kilometer wide rotating station pretty feasible and relatively inexpensive
Question: Has anyone ever considered the minimum size necessary to be affected by black hole tidal forces? Is there a place outside the event horizon where gravity overcomes the strong nuclear force?
is it possible for the ecretion disc around a black hole be made of dark matter?
In one year from now, how much will the Universe have expanded? And what is it expanding life expectancy?
I want to live on a large space station. I have no desire for any kind of nausea. I guess I have always assumed they can't be built too large because they would break apart when they spin to give 1 g.
Helluva a lot easier to send the microscope to mars than it is to bring mars to the microscope.
Kamino , how unlikely is it in the universe/galaxy for a moon sized moon to form around an earth sized planet?
.. as in compared to a habitable earth sized moon around a jovial planet?
Since in shuttle case, it took less fuel to take main tank into orbit with shuittlef thn to dump itr early to deorbit, I wonder why NASA didn't put a hatch on the tank/; They would have had all that metric on orbit.
If black holes are collapsing space-time doesn't there make sense that there should be an expanding space-time event to the point where light cannot penetrate the expanding space-time. It would probably also appear to be black because we're just talking about the fabric of space pushing things away so fast that they can't actually hit it it wouldn't actually tear apart anything creating the radiant effect that black holes do when they report matter
You are describing a White Hole.
Is it possible that Phobos and Deimos are left over ejecta from the eruption of Olympus Mons?
"Martian Microscope" would make a cool band name