How Vegan Leather Is Made From Mangoes | World Wide Waste
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- Опубликовано: 3 окт 2024
- One Dutch company is making vegan leather from mangoes that would otherwise be thrown away. The cofounders hope it will reduce food waste while making the leather industry more environmentally friendly.
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How Vegan Leather Is Made From Mangoes | World Wide Waste
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Thanks so much!
Ça coûte chère si on fait avec fruits de mangues. 1kg mangues: 3€ plus
They should really brand it as "mango leather" rather than "vegan leather". Way more appeal.
I agree the word vegan is just gonna piss off people into not buying.
@Luner Link it reminds them of "vegan teacher"
I like the idea but I feel like people might confuse it with the food known as fruit leather (basically what Fruit by the Foot is)
@Nightstar Sparrow I love that!
Mango leather is already a thing. It's food
4:00: turns out there's not a lot of fiber in watermelons. Mainly water.
Favorite part
Lol
I could've told him that
I burst out laughing
Hm interesting.. i wonder why..
Pineapples have lots of fibers but proceeds to process "watermelons"
"Damn, homie, that belt looks NICE. What is it, crocodile? Snakeskin?"
"NAH, fam, mango fruit roll-ups"
Haha 😂
ngl this looks like an aperture science assembly line
Why the hell would anyone want to wear an animals flesh? Didn’t even know that was still a thing in this sad society.
@@AfraidMonsters why do we do ANYTHING expensive? Status.
@@AfraidMonsters Warmth? People have been utilizing this practice for tens of thousands of years. Still do because it is a part of life. Just like killing off an entire ecosystem when a crop is harvested so that we can EAT or wear clothing! Vegetarians and Vegans included. If left up to the crazies we'd be eating plastic fruit roll up.
It made me smile when he said "turns out that watermelons are mostly water" 😄
Bruh it says it in the name 😂
I think the fruit they were looking for are fibremelon, not watermelon.
GoodwillWright a luffa?
The way he speaks reminds me of Donald Trump 😂
3:56
They look like perfect mangos to me. I swear the world wastes soooooo much food and other stuff
Yeah,i worked in kitchens especially in elderlyhomes where literally 60 % of the food was thrown away and due to "sanitation" we couldn't give it to a homeless shelter or smth.
Ifk they probably had a worm or something
Idk*
the West really is wasteful.... when I saw all that mango I realised why I am paying 10x for mango here in Portugal than I would back hiome
@@moowam1yeah like smh
I'm mad confused with the people who're mad about them using chemicals, like how are you supposed to turn mango into leather mango without chemicals? With your grandma blood?
Sounds like something a vegan would do. Sacrifice grandma for the cows
In general, chemicals harm the workers, the environment, and everything and everyone nearby from constant exposure. Vegan options that also bring a lot of harm should be questioned. If you care about animal suffering, you should care about generations of people getting cancer and other illness from living near manufacturing, industry, agriculture, etc.
This isn't entirely true. In our culture we make a dried mango slice (আমসত্ব*) that very much looks like leather. Now the dried mango slice emphasized on drying the juicy part, I think these lethers come from a similar process, but they just emphasize the fibres.
* Just google image search the word in foreign language and you'll see.
@@aniksamiurrahman6365 mmm.. Interesting, can you type the romainized instead? This sounds pretty much already covered by western media or channel.
@@unknownmotherkoose8868 The latinized name ud be Amsatva. You can also search Mango Bar. But they return crap image. Better google image search the foreign name.
There is a company in Mexico called Desserto that makes vegan leather from cactus.
Probably works better than mangos.
@Thorin Oakenshield all cacti are very hard skinned and fibrous throughout. That’s what bonds together to make a material. It’s still a bunch of “additives” (probably plastic).
@Thorin Oakenshield i think mangos work better for eat and cactus for leather...
!! With all the chemic!!
why cacti? is there some industry where they're left as trash? I'm pretty sure that cacti are not a fast-growing resource that one should be deliberately harvesting for that...
Leather alternatives are super interesting to me, and I like having options. Elizabeth Cline makes a good point that as long as there’s a beef industry, we should make use of the leather.
After he's done chewing on the leather shoes, my dog will love these mango shoes for dessert.
Nah don’t actually feed it
😂
Omg I laughed so hard 🤣🤣🤣🤣.
Hilarious!!! Laughing so much 🤣
😂😂😂😂
In southern India, many mangoes are wasted, lots of production of mangoes lead to this situation.
Hence these kind of "fruitleather" innovative steps will help the farmers to grow as well..!
The fruit leather is going be helpful for countries with tropical climate. They make a lot of fruit and lots of fruit waste
it is more appropriate to call it fruit leather rather than vegan leather
The problem of india is not eating cow meat!
In Philippines we eat the skin of the sour mangos with soy sauce or vinegar
@@btudrus how is that a problem?
So basically its a resin glazed fruit rollup......
Plastic coated stuff that rots…. Better for the environment!
Lol yeah, they definitely got the idea from edible fruit leathers, but hey, if it reduces waste and actually works why not.
yea basically all those cheap pleather office chairs that look like they have the plague after a few years, its a really expensive way to make vinyl backing.
What they always say, "if you wouldn't eat it, don't put it on your body." I'll stick with beef flavored leather. Thanks tho!
@@churblefurbles the, "plague" look is what I go for. Tells me the chair is mine and for others it says, "stay away"!
But there’s something powerful about working within constraints to make smaller products instead of wanting to expand and grow - love this
Well said!
@@VictorNewman201 You are so nice to compliment the paper eater while she is out of sorts and not making any sense.
Have you been licking too many stamps?
@@johnnyjohnson2894 everyone else understands. i think it’s just you who’s confused. ✨
@@dollfacedotcult What's the matter with real leather? I make things that will out last my existence without needing special maintenance, utilizing animals that were humanely dispatched, their meat consumed and hides tanned using organic materials only, their bones filter my pool water.
She's not wrong though, as long as an animal is put up for slaughter, every part of the animal should be used for something in a respectful way. Do not waste it.
That would be correct except that's NOT how it works. Cattle is raised for meat is different from cows which are used for milk, which is then again different than the animals raised for leather. Animals killed for leather are just used for leather, nothing else. The "use whole animal" theory is a myth and a propaganda everyone believes in order to keep buying leather when they know better.
@@os2841 Where did you gather that there are cows raised just for leather alone? That would be some very expensive leather. I'd like to see your proof
@@os2841 That is certainly very interesting information, but I'd like to see some sources on it before I'll believe that there are animals raised just for the leather... The question becomes, why waste their meat? What about their meat would be too dangerous to eat?
Where did you get that bs from? No one raises cows just for leather. Or any animal for that matter. I think you're confusing leather with the fur industry.
@@taggerinc2652 Here Here! but even in the fur industry nothing is wasted.
Company as normal: Business is good.
Me working there: Hey half our stock is eaten.
@trippysoo I'd still try.
@@uxtalzon ;]
@@uxtalzon respectabl
@skintaejen they do not seem rotten at all, seem a lot early...
yum
as a mango enthusiast, all i gotta say is "gimme those mangos!" they still look quite tasty 😋
You ever see those videos of guys going to the trash can behind a whole foods or sprouts? They pull amazing fruits out the dumpster that were "rejected" lol. I actually did this at a natural grocers, and natural grocers only uses organic produce. There was a worker there who would just give me the fruits in the back and they were fine (I didn't have to jump in the dumpster lmao) good ole days... Unfortunately I moved far away eventually. Anyway you could probably ask some local store for a hook up like I did with the fruits they are throwing away
@@sanjayw9878 i have watched videos of those before! it's really such a waste for them to throw those fruits away, i feel that grocers could just donate them to a food shelter or give them out to the homeless
@@avengerwidow9 The issue is legal (or so they say) because I worked with food at a few jobs they all say the same thing, if you give old food out that's going to be thrown away and a person gets sick from it they can sue. Obviously laws could easily adapt if we chose to make a system for giving away old food, they could sign a release form or signature of any form to acknowledge they accept the risks of eating old food. There is a reason they don't want people getting free food though, we live in a capitalist society. I hope one day we can get there, maybe when animal agriculture lessens which will free up massive resources.. Stay well friend.
@@sanjayw9878 that's an understandable reason, if i were a big corporation, i wouldn't want to be responsible for making others sick... but i agree that capitalism really has taken over society so much that we can't even do charity without having to suffer financial or legal consequences. stay healthy as well and thank you for such an intriguing insight on this topic!
@@sanjayw9878 also I know in Denmark, if they wanted to donate stuff like fruit etc, they would need to pay 25% of its VAT of what they paid for it.
Honestly it really upsets me that supermarkets rather throw away their expiring food than give it for free to the people. Most of the food which expired dates is still good to consume, including vegs and fruits. Those should be assessed by the look, smell and touch rather than exact date in the package
I understand it's frustrating. I think as consumers we should just be more comfortable not always being able to buy whatever we want when we want it. That is the ultimate solution to reduce waste
Supermarkets don't want to get sued if the people gets sick because they gave (barely) expired food
@@ballinjesus8175 They should make laws to make it harder for them to be sued from giving outdated things out for free
@@yolanda6392 So.. free poisoning rights?
If for example YOU gave away an expiring food and the person who received it got food poisoning, how would you handle it?
the additives and resin make most of the “leather” the fruit can be almost anything that has decent amount of fibers
🤣🤣🤣 the same with coffee grain bowl. Always a lot of resin and glue. Just make a durable product problem solved.
yeah you could even make leather from wood fibers, what a waste of mangoes lmao
It's like goat milk soap.... 10oz milk instead of water and 40oz oils.... quality of soap is still dependant on the oils you use. The milk is just a reactive to prepare the lye.
Coconut husks would probably make good leather then huh🤣🤣
Agreed, and sorry but the the coating applied the top is a PU mix with colorant... otherwise it would not embross permanently like that
"turns out watermelon doesn't contain a lot of fibers" gotta love that Dutch humor! 😂
Lekker bezig mannen! Mooi product
"they're mostly water" bruh
@@ugabuga2586 Yeh, that was the funny part, not the fact that it didnt contain fibers... heh hehh.
that's was so funny LMAO
this is fine, absolutely fine. Even if it doesn't replace the animal leather industry, it's at least utilizing all the wasted food we horrifically toss away. I know it isn't what environmentalists want, but it's a small step in the right direction to begin getting more use out of waste products that would probably go to the landfill.
Mangoes decompose really quick anyways, so it wont really pollute the environment even if it was thrown out.
Why the hell wouldnt environmentalists not want this? o.O
Its still a horrific food waste, but its quite clearly a cool and prodtuive concept even if not having this niece be possible would be a better reality to live in
I think of people starving do you think I care? Let them all die hungry so I can breathe their air
Gotta love MOD lyrics
@@fast-yi9js why is it horrific if it’s useful..?
@@jjfdc3918 Yea, give me those mangos I'll grind em up and compost them into soil.
2:27 Resin coated. It could be any fiber plastic, which brings us back to the issue of plastic production. We move one problem to another because we cannot accept the idea that a material good can be biodegraded.
Resin and plastic aren't the same thing though.
@@MrUnkownUnknown Wow you are so interesting ! You may think it is done with tree resin, or amber. Read the notice. Resin is much worse than plastic on lots of aspects.
Thats not the same thing, but same shit, same problem.
Those mangos at the start looked in better condition than those from my local supermarket 🤔
Mine to
Lol
They probably are. One mango from a batch gets cut open for quality control purposes. The mango that gets cut can no longer be sold at market.
Yes!
Duh. They are test samples. If they weren't in great condition, the whole box would be thrown out.
idk, I usually avoid faux leather made of plastics as much as I can, but fruit based leather sounds super neat. a good way to counter mass waste and a really cool innovation on the creators' parts. as the production gets more efficient, I'm excited to see mango leather more widely used!! ^^
This still uses a lot of plastic, Am I really the only one who heard that they used resin for a coating.
You think they dump mangoes like that on a waste dump? They would go to food industrie or feed animals (zoos and so on).
Also its completly the same like plastic leather. They use the word coating to avoid using the name pu or plastic. False leather is fabric coated with a layer of Polyurethan (pu). Here the fabric is mango instead of cotton.
So we go from "compostable" to "chemically impossible to compost "
My thoughts exactly. Nice idea but they are clearly angling this for some sort of agenda. Granted normal leather making is pretty shit for everyone involved but outright ignoring the negative effects this early on ain't a good sign.
This is true but out of context. The consumer demand still wants a leather product. What this does is capture some of the leather market to replace/reduce the byproducts of the raw materials.
At least it is not releasing toxic chemicals like processed animal leather.
@@marquess2004 it’s called: greenwashing…
@@marquess2004 tanning leather isn't actually that bad. We've been tanning leather for centuries. It lasts forever and when it comes to the end of its life. Shred it and add it to the compost.
I will never buy faux fur or faux leather. Yuck
“Fruit leather” means something totally diff than this in America lol
Well, Kristin....I have to dry my phone now. Thanks for encouraging the water I was drinking to shoot through my nose! LMAO.
What's "fruit leather" in America?
@@justanerd414 i think its realy dry fruit , so dry it is thoug like leather.
Like a fruit roll up, but thicker and made with actual fruit.
I love fruit leathers yummy
They don’t talk about how a lot of quality control food waste ends up being sold as animal feed rather than just “trash”
Or processed goods, like canned food. It often using bad outer appearance fruit/vegetable as it was cheaper ( it have same taste/nutritional value, just look kinda bad)
Also they're fruits. Even if they're unused they're going to to decompose and the nutrients will go back into the earth.
@@EliteProductions3129 I dont think they learned about the circle of life wherever the people come from in the comment
We're not running out of carbon and that's mostly what the life cycle recycles. The problem with waste is that we put in a lot of energy that uses and electricity, gas and other materials to produce those fruits. It's not about wasting a single wild mango it's what's behind it
@@EliteProductions3129 fruits release co2 when they decompose. Fruits in landfill creates a giant buffet for bacteria which eats the fruits and release more gasses. It's a circle, plants inhale CO2 and stores it which is release when they die. By turning it into leather, we stop/delay the release process.
The woman they consulted with failed to mention that leather is largely *not* a byproduct industry (they often just use animal skins along with other parts that humans don't consume in things like pet foods), and the market for it creates a larger demand for more cows being killed for that purpose *specifically*. Also, plastic leather requires a MUCH smaller carbon footprint - water, waste, feed, land, etc. They underestimate that here. Also, some of the sources of the plastic (depending on the company) use recycled plastic, so that's actually very environmentally helpful. I think making leather out of recycled plastic is actually better than using mangoes in some ways because we need that plastic sitting in landfills to go somewhere, instead of the ocean, meanwhile those mangoes could be feeding people or animals.
So it's a fruit roll up with plastic coating 😂
If that's what you think it is
@@mowenurbano4677 that isn’t how reality works, lib. It is literally plastic coated mango. 😂
Plastic is dead dinosaurs; what's your point?
(Some)
@@FenrizNNN plastic is produced in lab
@@some.generic.username5254 Does being made in a lab or in a factory change anything?
So like, rubber shoe is technically a vegan shoe. With natural rubber that is.
Even with artificial rubber actually. Still no animal products.
They can't put the vegan price tag on rubber
Chew on this for awhile.
I've never seen a real rubber shoe.
I have yet to see a rubber company being ethical. Large majority of them use close to slave labor.
I once met the guys when they were just starting. They told me that one of the reasons why they used mango's was because at the weekly market in their home city, they could just get them. I dont remember exactly what they said, but i think the greengrocers were required to throw away all of their fruit that they didn't sell at the end of the day. So the Lads would Just walk up with crates and take them for free
I believe those mangoes could be eaten by some humans or animals or could have been used for organic fertilizer for crops. Much better uses than a purse.
The mangos looked beautiful and edible and i dont know what was wrong with them
@@bvegannow1936 - they were cut open by the people selling mangoes for food to check the quality of each shipment. Once cut, they cannot be sold for consumption.
@@mikalero Cut mangos r sold all the time. Just cuz they r cut doesn't mean they cant be sold. 🤦
@@bvegannow1936 - in the video, the lady who sells them the cut mangoes LITERALLY said that's why they can't sell them.
@@mikalero they lied then. Its not that they cant, its they dont want to. And if they didn't want to, then they could give them to the poor to eat.
It only lasts for 10 years. That’s long enough for most of people. It’s in consumerism now so most people in the middle class don’t wear a pair of shoes longer than 10 years anyway. So they can be the replacement of synthetic leathers and target middle class.
No it doesn't, I think you misheard him. He said it WOULDN'T last 10 years.
Plastic will last a lifetime. Most of this "green" crap is just greenwashing scamming. These mangoes would be better used as animal feed.
My leather wallet is 12 years old. My leather check book is 23 years old. My mom's leather purse was purchase in the late 60s and only needed some of lacing redone in 1995.
@@allandulles7108 Plaatic will last a lifetime and then sit in a landfill for 5000 years. Green material will last 10 years and rot into organic material in 5 years after disposal. That's the difference.
@@RottenRogerDM Ditto. I can resole my 25 year old leather boots and they're as good as new.
I have never had synthetic shoes, purses, belts, etc... last more than 6 or 7 years.
Non-durable leather is actually something that fast-fashion industry would appreciate
10 years is a pretty decent duration... I'm not sure if anyone is actually using products more than that time... Anyway making useable leather from waste is amazing..
@@ArchanaRajasekar Ask anyone who as owned shell cordovan how long they intend/can expect to be able to wear their shoes they'll for sure answer more than 10 years xD
Tots agree.
@@ArchanaRajasekar I have leather belts over 10 years old which I will keep for my entire life, or until they break.
@@ArchanaRajasekar I have an 80 year old leather belt with a holster and pouches.
Those mangoes are literally in perfect condition to be eaten smh. Have u seen the mangoes sold in asian markets😒
they're using quality control mangoes, ones that have already been cut open
@@penguin3864 i cant tell if youre trolling or if youre just hard to please
Yes I have. Asians are a lot more discerning than white people when it comes to mango. What makes you think the mangoes in Asian market would be bad quality?
Atleast they don't kill animals to produce leathers!
it's better than killing animals
I need this technology in Kenya, it looks absolutely amazing!! Great work guys!
Confused because the mangoes look like they're in perfect condition
Exactly
They explained this at 0:30 - "the quality control requires that we cut the mangoes". I'm guessing they cut a small number from each shipment, to check the condition. They can't sell the ones they cut so they would otherwise be wasted.
There's nothing wrong with the mangos. They are quality test samples. Because they need to cut th ef m opdn to test them, they cannot sell them anymore.
They are not fruit that failed the test, test sanples cannot be sold regardless of if they pass or not. Passing just means you can sell the rest if the box they were in
If you look closer, you'll see that plenty of them are quite putridly rotten. It's particularly noticeable in the crate at the very end of the video. As mentioned, they've been cut open for quality control, so they've begun rotting and would not be fit for consumption by the time they made it to a supermarket. Maybe you shoud have listened when the lady explained it barely 30 seconds into the video.
Literally didn’t watch the video did you
"Vegan leather" this word is good for marketing but "Mango leather" can see the difference.
Mango leather sounds pretty cool
Yeah and it would help distinguish from the plastic leather. I never knew there was such thing as Mango leather here. I thought all vegan leather was a rebranding of plastic leather.
👍
@@TannerChungstill coated in resin
People keep saying the mangos look fine didn’t you hear the lady say she can’t sell the ones that are cut open for quality checks? It’s not safe to eat cause it’s cut in a warehouse not a clean kitchen.
They are generally safe to eat if you have a strong immune system and didn't destroy yours with modernization. Most people are just fearful cowards that don't know how to live. I bet a starving person wouldn't care. I'd put them in a veggie wash and they'd be fine.
@@nathanaelmcmahan872 Walmart throws away 4 months worth of fresh food per week. I'd say it's more worth getting angry over that than quality checked mangoes.
@@nathanaelmcmahan872 lol I think you are missing the point here
Why would one needs leather? To go outside and show off? Who goes outside anymore?
They cut them on purpose so they CANT be sold. They are wasting perfectly fine food in the name of veganism
I can't imagine the pain, those innocent mangoes have to go through jus to please humans. Truly Heart breaking. 💔
i cant believe those mangoes didnt pass quality control they look so good 💔
They did pass dummy. The ones cut for the qc process obviously can’t be sold or consumed.
in my country it still can be sold for lower price, I often buy it for my family consumption, save money
In my country, cut mango up, put in a container and resell.
@@ztmunoz hahaha
Millions of dying hungry and they are making leathers with yummy looking fruits
Those mangoes looked perfectly edible!!
Elizabeth is exactly right, the leather from the cattle industry is a byproduct it’s practically free, they only charge company fraction of the price it used to be.
And chemicals don't HAVE to be used. The industry can be very green and organic.
They should concentrate on making this "free" byproduct with more green methods instead of recreating the wheels.
@wupi lan impossible. For you to eat another life form has to end its lifecycle.
@wupi lan Plants and Fruit have a life too you know..
@wupi lan I have heard that meat eater bodies are the best fertilizer, because their dense head provide good nourishment to plants...😂😂😂👍
Dutch are the most enterprising folks in the world . Great idea 💡
Those mangoes are still good, just hasn’t fully ripened yet
At least we don’t need to sacrifice some animals to make leather:)
At least we don’t need to sacrifice some animals to make leather:)
@@Baer9471 Who said animals are the only source of leather? Synthetic & plants obtained leather are made more than animal obtained leather.
@@Baer9471 you do realize 99% of leather isn't "sacrificed" for the leather.
It's a byproduct of the beef industry.
Mangos are gross taste like gasoline
Damn, those fruits look edible. Yet they are discharged.
Story of my life.
they’re using the ones that have been tested for quality control. because the testing process is destructive eg cutting into them they cannot be sold so they’re donated instead
Yaa
At starting also all seems to be at such good conditions
@@TsjuunTze Same bro...
They totally didn't talk about the chemicals they used to seal it
to inconvenient to their holy process
They never tell you that part in all these save the planet schemes. I've yet to see one that isn't worse than the vilified thing it's meant to replace.
Probably to not reveal their manufacturing process to competitors ?
Lol
meat karen are triggered as hell....😂😂😂
Like animal farm don't use chemicals.
Lol these meat karen are really dense head...
I couldn't help but notice that they don't mention the source of their additives and coatings. Don't get me wrong, I'm amazed that someone can take a waste product and make something good out of it. More amazed at how it's being used as a textile. But if the mangoes could be sold as a juice, a food additive, a feed additive, a soil ammendment.... that makes use of the mangoes that are "unsellable", too, possibly uusing less energy and/or without using chemical additives.
So true... maybe it is more fashionable, this way.
Mans really folded a fruit roll-up into a wallet and is making bank
LMAOOOO
He deserves to make a lot more. It's resourceful. It's more ethical and encourages fewer cows to be killed for their skin. It's way less harmful to the environment.
@@MrZZooh haha you’re dumb, cows aren’t killed for their leather hahah, leather is a by product of their meat. And it’s delicious
@@jacksontilson9823 Leather is ore than a by product! These are dumb people in the video each cow has around $1000 of leather
@@jacksontilson9823 Doesn't change the fact that Animal agriculture is still the #1 cause off environmental destruction on the planet including 75% of deforestation 🤡
"Vegan" Leather has been around for years, Using fruits and vegetables have been used for centuries to mask leather or other form of cloths or used in fashion. Wish the media would actually put that.
The oldest trick in marketing is to brand an old rot with a new label.
I didn't know that, do you know what it was called or places they used it? I love learning about textiles and I know plants fibers have been used for non-woven cloth, for example kapa/tapa in the South Pacific, but I have never seen a fruit or vegetable based leather or fabric using the actual fruit before.
@@aniksamiurrahman6365 Ah, political campaign strategy.
@@MarkZickefoose Political campaign? May be, but its the oldest marketing trick. And it works everywhere.
Veganism is trending now 🤫! It's new.....
That’s some strict mango quality control right there.
Yep, just looking at them, they look perfectly edible to me, what the heck do they even measure in the mangoes that those have to be disposed? The firmness? Color? Ripeness? anyhow it seems very strict to me
@@FloofyTanker aesthetic.
@@FloofyTanker and I know American food regulations are VERY strict. Idk about Holland. Regardless, the less food waste, the better.
@@FloofyTanker they explain literally at the start that QC requires them to cut into the mangos and because of that they can’t sell them so they become waste
These mangoes look absolutely fine and can feed so many.
Are people blind?
No, the reason why they no longer can sell it is because they’re quality control mangos, they cut them open to make sure they are good, and that refers to the whole batch.
Problem is as soon as you cut them, the Dutch fda no longer allows you to sell them. Just like the American fda.
They’re essentially a waste product to ensure the rest is fine. Size, shape, interior wise. These guys are just taking a waste product from one industry and making another
Almost all the mangoes shown look perfectly edible, including many at the end of the video.
My question is: is the process effective and even possible with truly inedible fruit?
How energy-efficient is this process? Are the chemicals added to the pulp ecologically-friendly? Are they derived from oil?
After shelf-life mangoes can be turned into animal food or fertiliser and return to the food production chain. Without more details, this just looks like food waste.
As mentioned in the article, cattle production is not primarily driven by leather production. As long as we eat meat, there will be leather and it makes no sense not to use it.
“As long as we eat meat…”
Well then, time to stop 😼
@@Lord_Juvens
Ah yes, why didnt i think of what
@@Lord_Juvens Just stop eating altogether. We can all save the earth. It's that simple.
@@Lord_Juvens oh no energy? Let's all build solar panels. Oh plastics in Ocean? Let's all dont throw plastic in the ocean. Humans are dying? Lets stop doing
Its not that simple
@@ShadNex You right is it is not that simple, but we need to start to some where, perhaps veganism is that start?
The thing about leather is that it's basically a byproduct of food production. Cattle production has become so efficient literally nothing goes to waste.
Yeah I like how people want to go back to the time where you needed 1 cow for beef, 1 for leather, and 1 for the organs.
As long as we eat meat we will have good leather.. ✌
But crocodile skin and snake skin are'nt byproduct of food production
Not all leather comes dairy or beef cows though. Different or younger cows are used for high end leather.
@@HulluMel "High end leather." i never said anything about high end leather.
When you're just filling it with binding agents and resin you might as well make it out of anything slightly fibrous. Even cardboard.
yea without any info about what they are using its just another polymere based material that uses fibers as fillers.
@@Pixelplanet5 mango mixed with plastic and coated with plastic... Is still plastic.
@@carnivoreisvegan slightly tasty plastic though
Except they said that they get their mangos for free.
.but cardboard. Comes from
Those mangoes look so nice and fit for eating
If you use cows “oh no the cows” if you use fruit “those are still good, I could eat that”. I swear someone is always going to have their feathers ruffled. IMPOSSIBLE to please everyone.
Those dame Karen's always complaining
I heard some group use circumsized foreskins. :P
Why give up on future generations a-hole? The future leads only up until your deathbed? I know exactly how you vote and shame on you.
yup. nuke the earth
Cows are sentient beings, mangos aren't sentient.
"Additives" plus "protective layer". In other words, the fruit is just there for marketing purposes.
Yup. The plastic does all the work
No shit 🤣
@@aviendha1154 the leather would be transparent if it was mostly additives, you can clearly see a lot of mango
Wait until you hear what's in normal leather.
I agree, but then again, mango does have a lot of fibers that have the perfect texture for a leather replica as they've stated. If I said paper is made of wood for marketing purposes I'd be told it's because wood has fibers, there's your answer as to why they use mango.
Here I was thinking it was probably made from the leathery skins. But no . . . it's a fruit roll up with "additives" coated in plastic. Then to find out it's "not as durable" as real leather. Shocker.
Looks like the benefits of this vegan leather process can outweigh using only current processes
Also durability might be not as important as people get rid of their clothes pretty fast as fashion trends seem to change every few years
@@DiamondHead2010 durability isnt important......literally what? Organic material can be used for compost. Fruit will never be waste products and a plastic covered fruit paste will never replace the quality of animal hide
Thanks for the heads up before i watched the video 👍
Nearly all the "vegan leather" products are plastic that will wear out in quick order. Meanwhile, a well crafted leather product can last years or even decades, cutting down on waste. There's a reason why the more northern regions like Siberia and Nunavut territory in Canada still use animal skins as the base of their winter clothing. The plastic may work fine for mild California climates but not at -30° C.
@@fighterx4133 “might not be as important” is what I said
This is a process I would consider that complements existing processes, not replaces entirely.
I am not hating on real leather and for products I want to last 20 years plus, I am paying for the more durable materials. That said, if there is a viable solution for traditionally leather based products that would also curb food waste, then I think it’s worth discussing.
Composting yes absolutely but if adding a food products usefulness (the % of product just beyond market grade but not quite ready for the soil) while decreasing dependency on the leather industry and it’s requirements on suitable land that is shrinking - there’s opportunity here
@@DiamondHead2010 Durability is important if you pay a lot for you shoe's. And this material 22 $ square foot look expensive to mee.
So its made by mixing mango puree with chemicals and then laminated with resin, so its mostly plastic. Wouldn't that be non-biodegradable and bad for the environment especially the sea?
you'd be surprised how many things that are done for good reason (or really the appearance of looking kind) either don't help or actively makes it worse.
@@Lin-ij9vk u r a blight on this planet yerself....
@@billhosko7723 sounds like someone has trouble sleeping at night
12% of food is wasted in the Netherlands, that's not a whole lot. Compare that to the US where it's between 30%-40%.
The us has way more space between towns
Really?? That's very high
The land of excess
Karmanya Patidar the reason it’s viewed as a joke these days. Too much indulgence, too little progress.
@@MrUltimatekarma yet it’s so much better than the country you live in😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
I LOVE the idea of using wastes into something useful. Surely all the Mando pits can be made into something too.
Why would the mangoes be thrown away otherwise? They look fine.
Or turn it to Mango juice
Western people and their problems
@@shreechanchitrakar1174 no. Mangos like that look fine but they taste not as good as other mangos so they must be thrown away. We are not wasteful we would never throw away many good mangos.
Idk about there but were i live theres mango trees in every yard and dozens of mangos rotting all over
One word: Regulations
Everything you see in the food industry and you go "Hey that looks completely fine!" It's because of regulations
What a unique idea! Amazing! Kudos to the one who came up with and executed this idea!!
Yay for repurposing waste, but those mangoes looked just fine 😢
See until the end of video, you judge too soon
Ohh u poor woman.
@@LIVEWELLLIFESTYLE ?
Who cares is just a mango bro
@@TimTim_125 what u want?
Wow, I didn’t know mango can make leather. That’s interesting.
You can’t. Mangoes cannot magically become leather just because two guys learned to form it into a sheet and make a purse out of it.
@@shavedwolf87 Exaclty. And let's put "vegan" in front it. Maybe we can trick people into thinking it's good for you and the environment. The matter of fact is, it's the higly toxic resins that make the "leather". The mango's are just filler.
It's just to give peta the warm fuzzies about having a handbag that is not form animal skin...
It can.
You put the mango´s in the front side of a calf, so it expands into a cow. You get leather, meat, glue, milk, hairs, new calfs.. Another Dutch startup makes clothes from cow poo fibers, which is more promising since cotton production is quite pollutive.
All chemicals, nothing vegan or leather about this.
Serious question:
Does the leather taste like mango?
Counter question:
Does it taste like shoe leather?
You probably shouldn't eat since it is coated with resins ;)
@@rocksvanen before that tho
@Czongq Michael here
@@user-ls2jg7vl2h lmao
My PU leather couch only lasted 4 years before it started peeling. I wish they could make it more resilient.
Who decided those mangos were trash? Who is the blind person to blame
It's not that they're trash, it's that you need to be able to cut into them when you're doing quality control to make sure that you're not importing parasites or disease. Once they've been cut open, it's a lot harder to sell them, so they tend to go in the bin otherwise.
@@deadtotheworld22 you don't need that many to test out of a batch. Just sheer wastefulness
1500 mangoes at the scale they're importing is not a waste, and they're certainly not sampling 1 per case. It's more that as batches are different (different harvest day, origin facility, processing plant) they need a sample. Also, 1 sample per batch is not good enough, statistically speaking, so they'll likely sample at least twice per batch. Source: am a importer of fresh fruits into Canada
To follow up on this, when done responsibly (avoiding wasting as much as possible, not over-importing and properly storing the goods), this sampling process will save food over the long run, as a contaminated batch could easily infect more food during its time in the supply chain. If you really want to save food, look at retailers who manage their supply chains inefficiently and over order perishable goods.
@@yinanwang2244 it would have to be more than 1500 . It wouldn't be worth making machines up to process a small amount. I suppose it's not going to waste as it makes great compost for the garden to.
Im glad they included more information about sourcing real leather, and how the hide is not the primary output of the beef industry.
Leather has a fibrous matrix that holds it together. This relies solely on the strength of the acrylic/ vinyl coating for tear resistance. A woven scrim between two thinner layers that are bonded together would go a long way towards making the produce more tear resistant. The scrim might also be applied before the first layer of the liquid finish coatings. Mixing fine organic fibers into the soup might also address tear strength. Very fine textile thread grade Bamboo fibers 3/8” long are available in huge quantities.
truly, they need to be stronger, throwing out your vegan boots after a year or two...and you can upkeep your leather boots for life with resoling and care, it's a hard choice. One thing is buy the best quality you can, not the most expensive....the best reviewed or a brand known for durability.
@@kittymervine6115 hard choice lol. One pair of leather shoes can last decades. Pretty sure those tiny sections of leather, from cows that would have been slaughtered for food anyways, isn’t going to be an issue. Now if we are talking leather trench coats or something. Sure. Maybe
they mix in "additives" and finish with several layers of resin and then pressure heated. the mangos are full of fine organic fiber, right? also how do you know it tears easy?
@@christopheb9221 first, I have years of experience in automotive interiors working in exterior high performance vinyls and quality interior leather. Second as an architect for large commercial and educational facilities, I am deeply involved in the design, manufacturing and performance of roofing systems, especially the newest vinyl and rubber sheet roofing by Firestone.
The fact is that I do not “know” nor did I say that the material would tear; I simply stated my suspicion based on my professional experience in a manner that might prove helpful.
The proof would be in the form of simple pull tests. These are routinely performed by the ASTM ( American Society for Testing of Materials). They test and certify product performance so that the manufacturers claims are factual and may be relied upon.
The tear resistance of non structured polymer or rubber based sheet is dramatically increased by the inclusion if a scrim, or in other words a structure, within the finished material.
This is offered with the utmost respect and enthusiasm for your innovative product design.
Best regards. Larry
Good thinking, same with so many other products, rebar in concrete, fibreglass mixed with resins, horse hair and hemp in old plaster. Like you say would be cool as well if that "scrim" or mesh was organic as well. Definitely goes hand in hand.
Wearable fruit leather sounds cool, adds a new material to wear and the possibilities are infinite
Ohhhh between this and the *mushroom* vegan leather-my dream of becoming a fancy salad is one step closer to reality!! 😆
Are you saying you want to become a salad?
@@celestialman2938 yes :o
Cringe
@@artoriasoftheabyss1575 You didn't have to announce that you're cringe, we already know that
😂
So they make giant mango fruit roll ups ya then wear. I would prefer an edible version
Seemingly close in durability too.
"How do they make the leather?" "They add additives to make it like leather" Kay.
bruh even cow leather needs to use additives like tanning solutions which is not only stronger but harmful to the environment. Did u even watch the video? Your comment does not make sense
Gotta keep their trade secrets. They did say they used the same additives used in leather, just at different quantities and temps. You could research leatherworking and find out about the tannins and shit if you wanted to try your hand at making it from scratch.
I know right? The question posed by the video title is answered by the pretty poor sentence in about 5 seconds, then the rest of the the video is padding.
It seems that almost anything could be used, nothing that special about mangos.
Additives (AKA) Chemicals. And the coating is "resin" also a product which is harmful to the environment to process. This is little more than plastic coated fruit fiber with a healthy dose of chemicals. "Vegan"? Just a sales pitch
@@zmars5798 bruh lye can be used to tan leather
there are hundreds of comments about the mangoes looking perfectly good still
the video clearly says they've been cut for QA so that's why they're "waste"
They buy the Mangos and then cut them... so they are comming from the dutch perfekley fine, thats why its a waste of good looking mangos.
@@XX-jk7hx they cut them to assure quality - the mangoes come cut. Watch the video again.
It’s a waste of perfectly good mangoes if they failed quality control could be sold for wonky fruit or juiced or dried or pulped this is wasteful and indulgent why don’t they use grass cuttings instead
Or use cow hide and cover with chemicals and resin and call it vegan leather
@@savinggift158 why don't you try all that?
Cannabis Use Only do you feel I’d be good at it
I like that this channel shows both sides of the problem/solution
You should try using leaves to make leather. Their high in fiber and cheap
Blasting Idea. ❤️
I use to cut the leaves from my aunt and uncle's magnolia tree into the shape of feathers--not much of a stretch from leaves--and I would call them "leather feathers" because they're thick and tough like the real thing!
@@NIX0LAS Thats actually reallly interesting. Scientists could use leaves to make leather , and bio palstics lowering deforestation rates , and leaf burning's / fires.
@@crazykeejan6981 Kind of a crazy stretch but I once read how a method to syphon photons from plants with nanotubes before it's converted into energy via photosynthesis exists, so that would be cool to have a forest that's hooked up to such a system providing not only renewable energy, but also food and various types of textiles as well.
My issue with vegan leather was that in most cases, it's just a trendy term referring to plastic and I'd rather be real leather (something proven to be much more durable and degrades much quicker) than plastic. I would be more tempted to watch the label now knowing that materials like this exist but vegan leather still raises red flags in my head.
Vegan leather, let’s face it, is vinyl. Leather is animal hide - therefore there’s no such thing as vegan leather.
@@andyrob3259 exactly .
@@andyrob3259 And, lets face it, this product is also vinyl, it's just got some different polymers in the middle, with the regular vinyl treatment process on the outside & added to the mangoes from the start
Vegan leather always feels cheap and low quality. It will never feel as good or be as durable as real leather. The other material that is pretty good is coated canvas.
@@mehere8038 Exactly, it's basically vinyl with a mango filler.
Can someone please correct me. I believe the mango is just a filler. The actual leather like properties are imparted by the polyurethane treatment. With that logic, many organic materials with enough cellulose content can be used as a filler and converted into vegan leather. But after all of that, the product still uses polyurethane. It still has more negative impact on the environment as compared to composting the mangoes and using it as a fertiliser. It is an innovative idea and gives us a different material to play with which is relatable and appealing to a certain section of the market, but calling it environmentally friendly with a smaller carbon footprint is a far cry. And if this product replaces real leather, the the cow hides will go to waste as human kind is not slowing down on consumption of beef. And the beef industry is here to stay at least for a lifetime of all humans alive at this very moment.
I totally agreed with your points. I am also interested in how the shoes/bags that are made with mango leather be recycled.
Is only Pu used in this process or even more chemicals are used
In this discussion, the best solution is to take animal leather and clean it with natural biodegradable chemicals, and use no chemicals to preserve it. After people are done wearing it. Throw it in the compost, or use it for other clothing.
@@eugenetswong Unfortunately the method you are referring to does not exist today. Simply cleaning the hide with natural biodegradable chemicals will result in ‘clean’ raw hide, but not leather. Raw hide is unplayable and hard when dry and moisture can totally ruin it. Tanning raw hides by modern methods provides great quality leather which is strong and durable. I know that leather tanning has a high environment impact, but I believe it’s still not as bad as manufacturing the so call “vegan” leather. If any reader has any technical and scientific insights, then kindly correct me if I am wrong.
@@tan_k I'm no expert, but I can't imagine the vegan leather having a better impact.
Perhaps raw hide could be used for things that typically remain dry, like a doormat in the desert. This could reduce the amount of rubber door mats.
this is genuinely so cool. props to these people for advancing the world’s sustainability
I'm 20 seconds into the video and I'm absolutely outraged that anyone would throw away mangoes considering how tasty they are.
They should add bamboo or coconut fiber for strength, will definitely help to get them bigger.
Or cannabis, I'll take the flowers! ;)
they are in europe , where got coconut or bamboo ..
@@sdqsdq6274 Bamboo grows in europe too, since long time
@@sdqsdq6274 Bamboo grows in Japan where it's very cold and windy in some places, as it grows here in Panama where is VERY hot, tropical and humidity is sky high. It grows pretty much anywhere.
Mango leather will be a hit in India.. abundance of raw material and a huge market.
lol India already has a food item called Mango Leather / Amawat.
I'd better eat mangoes!!!
Excellent... tropical countries like Philippines should invest on this technology... 🥭 🥭 🥭 are abundant.
In India we have a Mango candy called Aam Papad , its processed the same way & looks the same as those leather sheets, formed into candy size sheet.
Yeah this "fruit leather" seems like it would be more useful as a snack than a shoe.
@@Wesstuntube the mangoes they used didnt pass quality control...
@@BlackCat-yt4gp they looked perfectly fine to me 🤨
Ahh, aam papad. I love that sweet treat, always miss my trip to India for 2 weeks in 2015. Hope I could back later, after this pandemic over.
@@BlackCat-yt4gp that will not say its bad.
They can use old coconuts for something, they have so much fiber
Yes, coconut fibre is good. Makes jackets, coats, wigs and bra's.
"We do not inherit the earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children."
~ Native American Song
Hence they started genoicie and the settlers had to build forts.
No one gives a phuck about what a defeated backward bunch of savages think.
@@ulkairvillan3219 you must have always had a disgusting way of conveying your replies to any body. Shame on your parents didn't teach you a good manners and right conduct. No go to the punishment chair and wait until we discuss about your behavior!!!!! 😜
@@ladyagwanta3084 The term Indian giver had a real meaning back then. For good reason because they attacked the settlers they lulled into friendship during the night by collapsing tents and skull smashing every man woman and child. The already knew who slept where and how.
@@ulkairvillan3219 Mate, 80 - 90% of their population got wiped out when European settlers arrived along with their diseases from Europe & Asia.
I would definitely support them and wear this leather
It would be more ethical and enviromentally friendly to get thrift store/reporpused REAL leather than this sh*t, its litteraly just plastic, it is not biodegradeable like they want you to think it is, and it is far from sustainable or practical.
Just think, millions of people go starving and die of hunger each year (and not just worldwide) and yet we wanna take perfectly good food, and turn it into cheap, overprocessed "leather" that lasts a fraction of the time real leather does, while it also is basically turned into something worse for the enviromemt than real leather once unuseable and tossed, its not any fruit they use, its the ugly stuff the no one wants to buy that previously got donated, now they can turn that "waste" into profit by selling it to undereducated/new vegans, in the form of "vegan leather"
I prefer real leather than this
@@hrpdrp97 that’s actually not true. the “real” leather is one of the most damaging materials used in the fashion industry.
based on that last part should I assume you are an educated vegan? if so you completely missed the point.
also, America and the whole world mass produces a shit ton of products that end up being thrown away every single day and there are MUCH bigger problems for the world than vegan leather being made.
If you do want to make the argument about starvation in the world consider how much water and grains is used to produce meat, fish and dairy. nearly 40% of the WORLDS grain is being used to feed livestock instead of humans and you think vegan leather is the problem?
@@amandamarin926 not vegan at all my dude, and you missed the part where i said "reporpesed/thrifted leather" not fresh new leather that will last ponger than you and your grandkids, no, the stuff that is cheap and sitting unused and abused because its not fashionable anymore. (Like, literaly was not talking fashion, was talking function, and plastic is not any better a replacement in fashion than leather anyway, its all just bad, it would be great if thrifting and recycling was more fashionable but sadly its seen as cringe most of the time)
also i know you didnt see my other comment on this video, cause i was saying incect proteins should replace meat, cause im very much aware of the metric shit tons of pollution and other harmful crap big meat industries for pork, beef, and poultry are, and is the reason why i mentioned bugs in.
What you currently are doing, is exactly the same shit many zoos do, they preach about how they are breeding for conservation and how much help they are doing (much like those vegans that buy into vegan leathers and other such scams) meanwhile people dont see how it does not help at all. most animals released into the wild after being born in captivity do not live, somewhere around only 5% actually survive, and this gives the public a very harmful false hope and idea of the status of critically endangered animals. Much like down playing any potentialy harmful things that lulls people into a false sence of security.
you can cause worse harm than good telling people there are worse issues out there to deal with, cause tell me, how do you expect people to actually stop the meat industry, how do we go about taking it down without taking baby steps in society first? How do we get rid of fast food without destroying capitalism, how do we stop polution from big corperations without breaking down and reworking the entire us economic structure and undoing the brainwashing rampant in the us today? Cause you sure as hell cant convince over a hundred million people that eating meat qith every meal is not nesicary and is actually bad for your helth, as they are convinced by big corperations that you need animal protine every meal to be healthy, wich is untrue, there are plenty of meat eaters that do it in a sustainable way, in an ethical way, they rais the animals or only eat meat once in a while, not as a part of literaly every meal.
My mom once spent 3 years living in Guana Caste Costa Rica, on a untended mango farm. When the mangos came in, the monkeys would eat so many they started taking a couple bites out of each one and threw them to the ground :-- there were so many. The pig Farmers would come by once every couple days and go through the fields collecting them to feed to their pigs during drought conditions.
I buy bruised mangoes too and just use them for making smoothies.
Mangoes are my favorite fruit and when they’re on sale at Walmart for 25 cents each, I literally buy about 20 of them. I cut most of them up and take them to work to snack, leave others in my fridge, and piut other cut ones in my freezer for smoothies.
I like turtles
Yum! why do I not think of freezing them. what a great idea
@@bigsteve6729 puppies are better than turtles
Makes sense because mangoes have sap. Ya have to be careful when picking them from the tree (especially when they're still green), or you'll ruin your clothes.
That's not true, I have 5 mango trees in my backyard and picking them is not a tough thing, but there are innumerable types of mangoes and some of them can be very pulpy and squishy while eating.
@@bikramjeetsingh7864 then your mangoes are different from our mangoes 🙄
@@cellelsveta That's not true. I have all the mangoes in the world and none of them do that.
@@Rust_Rust_Rust fresh mangoes?
Thats wrong I am a Mango and none of my friends do that
That's really cool! Taiwan produces a substantial quantity of mango each year, but we don't export and local consumers are very picky, which translated to large number of throw-aways. This could be a very interesting way to use those mangos.
Better open up a lucrative export market now .
The fact that perfectly edible food is been thrown away is a huge environmental cost in itself. 😭 All in the name of profit.
Well no... it's not in the name of profit, in fact the mango leather is the perfect case for repurposing your byproducts. It's in every companies best interest to do so as it will cost less than paying someone to dump it into a pit.
The reason why food goes to waste isn't purely corporate greed, it's the long ass transportation time that would be necessary to transport it to somewhere more useful. That causes more pollution and is ironically more harmful than dumping it into a pit.
If it was the easy solution everyone would be doing it. Sometimes waste is best, its not optimal but it's also not counterproductive.
some perfectly fine food are tossed out for health and safety reasons. "It looks fine" probably won't hold up in court if someone died of food poisoning
@@Lin-ij9vk doubly so if it's not a native crop of the area. You have no idea the kind of bugs that can hitch a ride on typical imported food.
@@jacobsalmi5582 Uh, giving away food locally wouldn't be 'long ass transportation times' lol. And that's just a piss poor excuse still. Are you aware of how much food is wasted globally? It's astonishing.
@@Lin-ij9vk That's a load of first world bullshit. Try that with people in countries where poverty is common and they'll think you're nuts.
now just imagine if those mangoes went to people for food instead of being extremly overpriced and wasted
Now - make mangoes out of old, used leather!
This is great. I love these videos. Creative people are awesome & they didn't kill other jobs to do it. Whether it's plastic bricks, plastic beams or this stuff. Awesome
Not getting rid of my leather shoes and boots by any means but it cool how this is still a natural material and not plastic.
I once spent 120 on a vegan leather knitting bag. Turns out it was plastic and when I went to this vegan fair this lady had a machine that tested things for lead and my bag tested positive for it!
Vegan is large time scam.
Lead? As long as you don’t chew it, you should be fine, lead isn’t radioactive
@@Goblinhandler Well, depends on the compound. Some ORGANIC lead compounds can be absorbed through the skin. (Just trying to be funny...)
“Hugo adds several additives...”
That kill rainforests
There's is literally nothing worse for rainforest than mass clear-cutting for cattle. They could put uranium in that fake leather, air drop it into virgin forest attached to incindiaries to set random fires and it would still be less impactful than running cattle.
@@gryphern ah yeah, because they are clear cutting for leather products right?
This product will never effect the rain forest in any possitive way. This sort of vegan product is only sold in the west. And you know what the west never buys? Meat from developing nations. Those cattle in former rainforest areas? They are all eaten by locals. Locals who want to live like a 1950s westerner. They don't have the luxury of being fake enough to be vegan.
@@marvalice3455 Brazil has consistently ranked at the world's largest beef exporter in the past decade. You appear to have very little global knowledge. I suggest starting with ag research about where beef and leather products come from and Brazil's role as a cattle producer. Brazil has federal laws that prevent the marketing of leather alternatives as leather to help keep its immense cattle leather market strong. Do a couple Google searches and get back to me. You seem to be confusing Indigenous villages with the global economic presence of Brazil... There is a massive set of relationships that drive the globalized trade in cattle products (beef and leather), from Brazil to Western countries. Walmart even sells "Real Brazil" leather products, do a search on their website.
@@gryphern yeah, im sure they do sell worldwide. I'd be shocked if Europe or America buy them though.
I don't mean to offend, our standards are unreasonable.
That's still a lot of people in asia and Africa, and the eastern block, but again, they don't buy vegan leather.
The way that Hugo smoothed out the Mango purée on the board was SO SATISFYING! 😆😍
your cool
It was not when he left a corner unhanded
It gave me anxiety attcks