Upon doing another scan of the literature, I found more research discussing external rotation being a potential function for the pectineus. For example, these two studies: www.ors.org/Transactions/56/1607.pdf and pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22523373/ However, those studies concluded that the pectineus is likely involved in dynamic stability/stabilisation during internal/external rotation of the femur rather than directly contributing to rotation. The pectineus attaches to the pectineal line of the femur, which is towards its medial side and slightly on the posterior of the femur. This means during femur rotation, the insertion can move further towards the posterior or more towards the anterior side of the body. So if the pectineus does contribute anything meaningful to internal/external rotation, it would internally rotate when the femur is in an externally rotated position or externally rotate when the femur is in an internally rotated position. If there is any contribution to direct rotation from the pectineus in either direction is extremely weak (to the point researchers aren't even 100% sure if it directly contributes). From my review of the literature, it is more likely that it just provides stability during rotation of the femur rather than directly causing it.
When I make a video I check out a bunch of different published research papers and text books to double check what I post is correct. An example of one of the published papers I used for this pectineus video which doesn't mention external rotation is www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500008/ Upon doing another scan of the literature, a lot of sources use only internal rotation an action, but don't mention external rotation. Upon looking further I found published research discussing external rotation being a potential function for the pectineus. For example, these two studies: www.ors.org/Transactions/56/1607.pdf and pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22523373/ however those studies concluded that the pectineus is likely involved in dynamic stability/stabilisation during internal/external rotation of the femur rather than directly contributing to the movements themselves. If there is any contribution to direct rotation from the pectineus in either direction is extremely weak (to the point researchers aren't 100% sure if it directly contributes). The pectineus attaches to the pectineal line of the femur which is towards its medial side and slightly on the posterior. This means during femur rotation, the insertion can move further towards the posterior or more towards the anterior. So if pectineus does contribute anything meaningful to internal/external rotation, it would internally rotate when the femur is in an externally rotated position or externally rotate when the femur is in an internally rotated position. In hindsight it probably would have been better to not mention any rotation with regards to the pectineus in the video, as the rotatory actions of the pectineus are so weak that it is still being debated in the literature even. I'll pin a comment so everyone can read it and pop an update in the video description. Thanks for commenting and have a great day :)
The pectineus can mainly be strengthened during exercises which involve hip adduction. Unfortunately it is hard to isolate from the other muscles. Most gyms have a seated hip adduction machine which is a simple way to strengthen the pectineus (alongside the other adductors). You could also sit down, slightly leaning back, with your feet touching and pressed together. Keep your feet touching together and move your knees apart away from each other, you can now add a bit of resistance with your hands pressing on your inner thigh as your squeeze your knees back together. Hope that helps.
Upon doing another scan of the literature, I found more research discussing external rotation being a potential function for the pectineus. For example, these two studies: www.ors.org/Transactions/56/1607.pdf and pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22523373/ However, those studies concluded that the pectineus is likely involved in dynamic stability/stabilisation during internal/external rotation of the femur rather than directly contributing to rotation.
The pectineus attaches to the pectineal line of the femur, which is towards its medial side and slightly on the posterior of the femur. This means during femur rotation, the insertion can move further towards the posterior or more towards the anterior side of the body. So if the pectineus does contribute anything meaningful to internal/external rotation, it would internally rotate when the femur is in an externally rotated position or externally rotate when the femur is in an internally rotated position.
If there is any contribution to direct rotation from the pectineus in either direction is extremely weak (to the point researchers aren't even 100% sure if it directly contributes). From my review of the literature, it is more likely that it just provides stability during rotation of the femur rather than directly causing it.
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pectineous provide external rotation as it attached to the back of the femur.
When I make a video I check out a bunch of different published research papers and text books to double check what I post is correct. An example of one of the published papers I used for this pectineus video which doesn't mention external rotation is www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500008/
Upon doing another scan of the literature, a lot of sources use only internal rotation an action, but don't mention external rotation. Upon looking further I found published research discussing external rotation being a potential function for the pectineus. For example, these two studies: www.ors.org/Transactions/56/1607.pdf and pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22523373/ however those studies concluded that the pectineus is likely involved in dynamic stability/stabilisation during internal/external rotation of the femur rather than directly contributing to the movements themselves. If there is any contribution to direct rotation from the pectineus in either direction is extremely weak (to the point researchers aren't 100% sure if it directly contributes).
The pectineus attaches to the pectineal line of the femur which is towards its medial side and slightly on the posterior. This means during femur rotation, the insertion can move further towards the posterior or more towards the anterior. So if pectineus does contribute anything meaningful to internal/external rotation, it would internally rotate when the femur is in an externally rotated position or externally rotate when the femur is in an internally rotated position.
In hindsight it probably would have been better to not mention any rotation with regards to the pectineus in the video, as the rotatory actions of the pectineus are so weak that it is still being debated in the literature even. I'll pin a comment so everyone can read it and pop an update in the video description. Thanks for commenting and have a great day :)
How do I strengthen this muscle?
The pectineus can mainly be strengthened during exercises which involve hip adduction. Unfortunately it is hard to isolate from the other muscles. Most gyms have a seated hip adduction machine which is a simple way to strengthen the pectineus (alongside the other adductors). You could also sit down, slightly leaning back, with your feet touching and pressed together. Keep your feet touching together and move your knees apart away from each other, you can now add a bit of resistance with your hands pressing on your inner thigh as your squeeze your knees back together. Hope that helps.