Fun fact: This is the same austrian emperor that would be on the throne at the start of WW1. He ruled 68 years (1848-1916) and basically witnessed the entire era of industrialization. When he became Emperor people travelled on horses, when he died planes and zepplins were normal things already. He went from the muzzle loader and Napoleonic war tactics to the machine guns and trench warfare of WW1. He basically was the to the 19th century what Queen Elizabeth was to the 20th century: That one ruler everyone knows that refuses to die.
...including nature and exploration channels (once reputable) that have shifted from their original content to make fake documentaries about mermaids and Bigfoot garbage along with a plethora of silly paranormal content.
I appreciate your content, because it's a serious and mature presentation of history, without being dry and boring. A lot of RUclips channels dedicated to presenting history seem to tailor their content to 15-year-olds, with cartoon-like animation, adolescent dialog, and a real lack of depth. Real Time History is refreshing in its approached.
This particular Episode was cowritten by a German historian, Professor at the University of Stuttgart, who is a renowned specialist of this time period... We are talking professionals here, not the sometimes wellmeaning amateurs we often see on RUclips...
These videos from this series are absolutely better than ANYTHING I ever saw on the "History" channel. The depth of the weaponry breakdowns, the knowledge of how to properly pronounce words of other languages and even speak them, the factual information instead of popularized characterizations. It's all golden!
Real Time History has made some great episodes and series but they pushed the boat out with this really detailed explanation of the conflict. Well done Jesse & team.
@@augustvonmackensen3902 Yeah j understood you comment later and that i made mistake, but i didnt wanted to delete or change comment because its also interesting fact
@@Dr.Di.979 yeah no worries man, it defo is. On a different note, we’re so accustomed to hearing recorded voices these days it’s almost difficult to comprehend how people must have felt hearing one for the first time.
The only thing wrong with this video is that it's just one video. I could have watched hours and hours of this. Brilliant work. Excited to see what's next! (I have my fingers firmly crossed for: Solferino/Sardinian War and Crimea!)
@@realtimehistory make sure to involved Brett Gibbons (youtube "papercartridges") and/or Rob from British muzzleloaders. They are the experts when it come to the rifle musket.
34:21, you placed the prussian V Corps (Steinmetz) ahead of the 2nd Army, but this unit did not arrive on the battlefield until dusk. First units were parts of the Garde-Korps (1st Division Wilhlem Hiller von Gaertingen) and a division from the VI Corps (Mutius). Even King Wilhlem wrote to his wife that he could not find Steinmetz after the battle. The first Corps was also some hours behind the garde, again quoting Wawro: because of the incompetence of Corps Commander Bonin. You said it correct, but the grafiks are not. But even with this detail it is a magnificent documentary!
Hey Jesse and real time history crew! Great detail, thanks for not forgetting the great Giuseppe Garibaldi! Us old blood Italian's appreciate it! So happy to see this up today! Now my happy history friday is complete with this video and my other favorite history creator's posts! It's how I unwind on my Friday after the every week routine! Y'all take care see you guys soon!
Perfect work, thanks a lot. For those trying to locate the places on maps: I think there is a small typo at 29:51 - battle of Glitschin is mentioned, while the correct spelling is Gitschin (present day Jičín)
And also the first time that the "6 millions" cliché is not repeated, victims were more probably something like 2.200.000 victims (still a frightening number!), if we have to believe Hoess deposition at the Nuremberg trial (Hoess was the director of Auschwitz - Birchenau but he was heard as witness at the Nuremberg process).
Love the collaboration with Royal Armouries and all the work you guys put in these videos, even quoting letters from prominent personalities, can't even comprehend the research you guys must have been through for a videos like this. THANK YOU 👃
This was great and very enjoyable. Just a quick question at 46:30 you mention Rome when referring to the Italian government. I don't think Rome was the capital of Italy yet since it was still part of the papal states. Besides that this was great and I really liked how you talked about the southern states being uncooperative instead of working together to defeat the Prussian Army of the Main
@@lordraydens exactly, the capital of Italy was moved to Florence from Turin in 1865, until 1870 when finally Rome was conquered from the Pope after the fall of Napoleon III at Sedan.
@@gabrielmendellaOn 16 july 1870, France declared war on Prussia. Two days later, the Vatican I Council issued its declaration of the doctrine of Papal Infallibility. On 20 September 1870, the Italian army of unification completed the conquest of Rome, the final remnant of the Papal States. It was certainly a dynamic few months in Roman Catholic history.
Excellent - there is about 3 books worth of reading here condensed into less than an hour. Thank you so much for helping me get a grasp on this important part of European history.
Technology is always a slave to established tactics. When you are training generations to fire a volley or two at close range and then decide the issue with the bayonet, a superior technological breakthrough is ignored. The carnage of the Great War showed that these lessons are difficult to learn.
It's crazy to think that warfare barely changed for 4000 years. Then with the self contained cartridge and machine guns changed warfare almost over night. Archer/lance formations turned into pike/shot then musket formations with bayonets. These tactics made their way all the way into WW1 then warfare became what we know it to be today.
Brilliant video! Thank you for doing this one. I am currently working on a wargame covering the Battle of Koniggratz and your video has reinforced many of the features I've included in the game. This is such a fascinating period of history. Thanks again and well done.
An hour long Reel Time History video on the Austro-Prussian War of 1866? Yes, please! Now I have my video for lunch today with more waiting for me when I get home! Also, as it is my birthday, I'll pretend this was released today for that purpose.
There’s so many wise, terrible, or at the very least ironic lessons and tropes in past wars. The compulsion to repeat them over and over until the end of time being the main one Those quotes from Otto and Rudolf are timeless
Amputees were also very common during the similar era American Civil War. The Minie bullet and rifle bullets at the time, had a hollow or concave shape at the base of the bullet and tended to tumble in flight and wreck havoc whenever they passed through human flesh. Hollow bullet charges are now deemed inhumane and not used in most modern militaries (by treaty I think), but in the era (1860s), they were widely used by many armies and being hit by such a bullet in the arm or leg will smash the bone, meaning amputation for that limb. Very common occurrence.
A hollow base makes bullets more aerodynamically stable, not less. Hollow point bullets, which were banned in the hague convention of the 1890s, were not common in the 1860s, as normal small arms projectiles were made from soft lead, resulting in the expansion of the projectile in tissue; they don't have a strong need for further internal expansion. The later-developed hollow points were intended to replicate the expansion of soft lead bullets in the new jacketed projectiles used with smokeless powder, basically speaking.
Yes: the use of bullets that expand within the body was prohibited by The Hague Convention of 1899. To this day the International Criminal Court considers their use a war crime.
Even a cameo from Jonathan Ferguson! I really appreciate the quality content from this channel. Thanks for all of your hard work. The videos are also well edited speaking as an editor myself.
Fantastic production as always. Great fun to watch, highly educational, and great production quality. Plus an appearance from Jonathan Ferguson, you guys know how to put a great doc together
This was also the war that had a major impact on my family. My great-great grandfather Gedaliah served with his brother in the Austrian army. However, after the war, there was a wave of antisemitic reprisals against Jewish soldiers in a number of units who came under unfounded suspicion of treason in favor of Prussia (similar to the Dreyfus Affair in France). Gedaliah and his brother killed their commanding officer and fled toward Italy, joining Garibaldi and serving as mercenaries in the Army of the Vosges during the Franco-Prussian War to earn money to travel to America. On the boat over to New York, Gedaliah Arrm became George Aaron and his brother chose the name Robert Arrin (spelling was not a strong point in that side of the family).
This history kind of makes my head spin...so much going on. Mom's grandparents came from an hour south of Hannover, and also from around Strasbourg. They all left there, like many others in during the 1840's through 70's. It is hard to see why people were forced to leave such beautiful country.
It was kinda surprising the royal armory had a practically non functioning needle gun. Maybe they're just that rare. I'd love to go rooting around through that building. Could stay there all day
Thank you sooo much, I recently listened to Hardcore History's podcast series on WW1. I highly recommend it. But you've filled in some of the blanks of the events between waterloo and WW1. Truly amazing how these events fit with all others!! Fantastic!!
They fit because all of Europe has a policy of stopping the Germans uniting. Brits, French, Russian, all will go to war if the Germans start unifying. The wars always revolve around the same places.
I've really been looking forward to your series covering the Austro-Prussian war! Sad to see that it has been reduced to just a video but it's understandable 🤷♂️ Looking forward to even more content for your team in the future! 😊
This was brilliant! Thank you so much for leaving the adverts till the end this time, it made the video so much more enjoyable to watch, your content is great and you deserve reward.
He describes it in such a sad way, only to end with a triumphant, "Hurrah!" I can't figure out if that was supposed to be sarcasm, or if he really holds that little value for life.
@@sandsalamand3763 No, it's quite clearly a description of how even a victory can leave a sour taste. The 'Hurrah' is not spoken by the lieutenant but by other soldiers around him, while he mournes the recruit's loss.
When it comes to the Dreyse needle rifle, one thing that is worth mentioning is that due to fouling, if you fired more than 10 bullets, the ballistics became worse and if you fired more than 20, you were in danger of getting the rear plug of the shell stuck inside the gun, with the next bullet hitting it. Another problem was increased breach flash, which seriously lowered accuracy. Basically, it was not just ahead of its time, it was too ahead of its time, which seriously hampered its effectiveness. In fact, Austrians lost mostly not due to their guns, but due to their tactics of close fight, when they had the advantage the further away they were from the Prussian formation.
Very much liked this video! Thnx for bringing all the details from the strategic to very personal level of that conflict! Will u make a long series about it as u did with the Franco-Prussian war?
I wonder if Drachinifel will soon release a video on the 1866 Austro-Italian naval war in tandem with this excellent RTH documentary. The Austrians really did lionise Admiral Tegetthoff. He would get a dreadnought class named after him in the 1900s. However, there was an argument over the name. Emperor Franz Josef insisted the Empire's first Dreadnought be named Viribus Unitis, Latin for "with united forces". Which was his personal motto. The naval brass wanted to call her Tegetthoff. So in the end a compromise was reached whereby the first one was indeed called Viribus Unitis and the second one Tegetthoff. But they were always known as the Tegetthoff Class, even though Tegetthoff was the second one and usually the first one names the class. The final two were Prinz Eugen and Szent István. The dreadnought Tegetthoff was ceded to the Italians in 1918 as a war prize and sailed to a victory parade in Venice.
The anchors that can be seen at the "Ministero della Marina" building in Rome, at the main entrance, are one from the Tegetthoff and the other from the Szent István (saint Stephan), if memory serves.
I’ve never seen a video like this on this war. Thank you for such a great video. Really love the part when the guy is showing the guns. If I visited that museum I’d be in 7th heaven. Who were the youtubers the museum guy mentioned? Or others
An excellent program, thank you. I do wish people would go beyond mere political history and discuss tactical principles more. Everyone talks about the rate of fire of the Dreyse and the way this allowed those armed with them to win, but they ignore the way the Austrians could have used the Lorenz's far better range and accuracy had they understood this instead of just marching in with the bayonet. Kudos to Jonathan for at least mentioning this, but it really needs to have more explanation and discussion. Points to Jonathan, too, for mentioning Balázs Németh and Brett Gibbons, the real experts on these subjects.
That was an excellent point brought up by Jonathan regards the Lorentz out-ranging the Dreyse. But the Prussians could only play to their rifle strengths and they made use of its ability to rapid fire at both standing and prone positions and that can make all the difference. But certainly, the battle of Konigrattz/Sadowa should never be written again as a slam dunk victory by the Prussians after watching this program.
My theory is that von Moltke and von Bismarck took the measure of the Austrian Army in the Danish War of 1864 and found it wanting. Slow to mobilize, slow on the march, and slow in rate of fire.
If I watch many more of this I will have to subscribe to Yuck Tube because the 90sec commercials were numerous towards the end of the video and I almost had to quit. This channel is incredible
Hate to nitpick, but at 46:32 you refer to the Italian government as 'Rome' but at this point it had not yet been incorporated into the state as the capital. Sorry if anyone else has also pointed it out, but it's worth noting.
I love your videos. They are amazing and show many environmental aspects where war took place: personal feelings of known or common characters, the technologies at the time, the social situation. I have thou some problems with audio: dunno it it's the pronounciation or the microphone or the equalization. There's too much boom effect that requires me more efforts than usual to understand the correct words. I would suggest you to deamplify a little the lower frequencies. Thank you for your work
The Speaker in this presentation has made all the difference. I thank you for such concise reportage and correct pronunciation of the participants in this ssingularly important war in Europe of which I was never so well informed as now... Sincere thanks...
The eerie music during Jonathan's segment made it seem like he was doing the presentation at gunpoint. Normally his manner of speaking doesn't seem nervous, but with the music it sounds like he's presenting these pieces to stay alive.
These are so great superdocumentaries. This platform ( RUclips) will die some day, because they don’t support anything like this. Regards from Finland. And thank’s Jesse, you are great speaker.
Fantastic canter through - thank you very much indeed. This is easily my favourite Channel on RUclips and possibly full stop. I don't know if you came across him in your research but one of my ancestors - Friedrich Rupprecht Ritter von Virtsolog - was an Officer in the Hussars at the time. I know that in 1863 he commanded a Hussar Regiment (Husszaren-Regiment Prinz Karl Von Bayern nr. 3) and he later reached the rank of Major-General - did you find anything about him while researching the various engagements of the war? Another of my ancestors, and I think Friedrich's Father, Major General Heinrich Rupprecht von Virtsolog commanded the Reserve Division at the Second Battle of Custoza but I don't know a huge amount about what actually transpired. Any information you have from your research would be very much appreciated.
Also a lil fun fact just after the naval battle of lissa the traditonal venetian battle cry was heard from the austrian navy ships "viva San Marco !" as many of the sailors were venetians or part of the stato da mar of the ex republic of venice
It's not the battle cry only. All orders on board were given in Venetian dialect (in Italian) and all the terminology was Italian, as that was the language of the Venetian navy. When Austria incorporated the Venetian state, during the Napoleonic wars, it incorporated the Venetian Navy as well but the fleet went on speaking Italian up to 1866 at least.
"I'm Jesse Alexander, and this is a production of Real Time History - the only history channel that could win a battle with only 500 needleguns." LUL. Awesome outro to an (as always) very interesting video.
In the Main region there are still monuments for the battles (Aschaffenburg, Tauberbischoffsheim). It was bitter for the Franconian people, wich just 50 years ago had been made new parts of Baden, Württemberg or Bavaria, but most of them really identified with their Kings
This War is the reason the fortress and Garrison Theresienstadt exists. Known as Terezin today in the Czech Republic of Bohemia (Böhmen) that was repurposed and used as a special Konzentrationslager in WW1. The Battle of Königgrätz was fought here over the mass Graves of the many thousands of soldiers of the Napoleon campaigns on the very same fields.When Preußische truppen marched into Bayern resulting in the battles in Bad Kissingen just minutes from where I live, it reminds me of a dirty, very worn Kriegerdenkmal I saw often in a fork in the road just outside Conn Barracks/Schweinfurt dedicated to a brave Bavarian Dragoner charge and victory against Prussian troops during this campaign.
One minor issue: at 45:33 you state that Würzburg is the Bavarian capital. That is and was München (aka Munich), of course. Aside from that: great stuff!
Can someone tell me the name of the music that plays from ~0:22 to 3:00? I've heard it in other videos and I absolutely love it, but I can't find any information on it anywhere. Thank you!
Some small information for Mr. Ferguson. In civilian context Gewehr means all kind of manportable, handhold long firearms. This includes all shotguns, rifles and combinated guns ( in german Büchsflinte, Drillling, Vierling), including wallguns and puntguns. In military context a Gewehr is a fullsize battlerifle of infantry man. In contrast to carbine of cavallry man or artillry/ train man, and Büchse of Jäger ( light infantry man). But Attention! Gewässer- a lot of water, Gesang- a lot of singing, Geschrei- a lot of shouting. Ge... means a lot of, so Gewehr can mean : A lot of defence. So Seitengewehr- bayonnet, Kurzgewehr- a kind of polearm used up to late 18th century by Unteroffiziere and Feldwebel.
I am sending support on Paterson. This should be on TV, not the pawn shop and weird finds. You guys took RUclips funding and made an informal which included the in-depth examination of the needle gun we heard so much about. Seriously, just shut up and take my money!!!!
I am but a simple man. I see Johnathon Ferguson, Keeper of Firearms and Artillery at the Royal Armouries Museum in the UK, and I feel compelled to like the video.
46:29 Rome was not the capital city of Italy yet and was not part of the Italian state. It still was the capital of the Papal state and it would remain so until 1870. In 1866 the Italian capital was Florence.
Denmark used to be a northern European big game player but losing the war of 1866 was the end of any Danish aspiratons and plans. The previously mighty Danish navy had been decimated during the Napoleonic Wars and never rebuilt, now with the army in tatters Denmark largely kept out of European matters and tried to remain neutral. Sweden going full neutral made the decision a lot easier but the de facto neutrality also meant that Denmark's army lasted about 6 hours when Hitler's blitzkrieg came rolling in in 1940.
18:25 The Lorenz did not use Minié Bullets and they absolutely did not use Podewils Bullets which are a Bavarian invention and based on Minié bullets. Major, later Oberst Podewils was head of the Royal Bavarian Amberg Rifle Factory. They used "Compressiv Geschosse" (compression projectiles) which looked a little bit like a Christmastree at the end. When fired the rearmost cone was forced in the cone before it an that one in the next cone. So the bullet expanded and pressed itself in the rifling. The Austrians and the Southern German States had agreed to use the same rifle caliber but the bullets were still different as were the rifle systems. The advantage of the Podewils rifle was that the ignition spark came directly in the middle at the end of the chamber and the ignition of the powder was therefore more evenly than the previous ignition from the side. This brought better accuracy.
the seizure of Schleswig-Holstein by the Prussians resulted in the everlasting hatred of princess Dagmar of Denmark of anything German. Dagmar carried this hatred with her when she married the Russian Tsar Alexander III. She disliked Germans and disapproved of her son Nicholas II's marriage to Alexandra of Hesse Darmstadt (even though Alexandra herself strongly disliked Prussia and especially her cousin Wilhelm II). Nicholas II and Alexandra of course were the last Tsar and Tsaritsa of the Russian Empire.
![Noob To Max With DRAGON REWORK In Blox Fruits [FULL MOVIE]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/LnBMOinoOvA/mqdefault.jpg)
Fun fact: This is the same austrian emperor that would be on the throne at the start of WW1. He ruled 68 years (1848-1916) and basically witnessed the entire era of industrialization. When he became Emperor people travelled on horses, when he died planes and zepplins were normal things already. He went from the muzzle loader and Napoleonic war tactics to the machine guns and trench warfare of WW1.
He basically was the to the 19th century what Queen Elizabeth was to the 20th century: That one ruler everyone knows that refuses to die.
I suppose you could say the same about queen Victoria
@@Laulo89
And Louis XIV
@@miliba exactly
6th
⁶⁶6⁶⁶⁶⁶⁶
RUclips channels like this are the reason i can't be bothered with the History Channel nowadays. I'm sick of ancient aliens nonsense.
...including nature and exploration channels (once reputable) that have shifted from their original content to make fake documentaries about mermaids and Bigfoot garbage along with a plethora of silly paranormal content.
If you're tired of ancient aliens there's always a show about Hitlers secret something or other
@@norwegianwiking so true but trouble is you can't teach stupid like Santos
@@norwegianwiking Hitler’s Secret Super Human Shampoo.
When ancient aliens came out it was all down hill from there lol
I appreciate your content, because it's a serious and mature presentation of history, without being dry and boring. A lot of RUclips channels dedicated to presenting history seem to tailor their content to 15-year-olds, with cartoon-like animation, adolescent dialog, and a real lack of depth. Real Time History is refreshing in its approached.
This particular Episode was cowritten by a German historian, Professor at the University of Stuttgart, who is a renowned specialist of this time period...
We are talking professionals here, not the sometimes wellmeaning amateurs we often see on RUclips...
These videos from this series are absolutely better than ANYTHING I ever saw on the "History" channel. The depth of the weaponry breakdowns, the knowledge of how to properly pronounce words of other languages and even speak them, the factual information instead of popularized characterizations. It's all golden!
Yep.
NPC comment
The 1990s HC was gold, though.
I just love the idea of Bismarck shouting and stamping his feet at a literal king to get what he wanted.
Watch the series "Fall of the eagles" excellent portrayal of the chancellor by an amazing actor.
He did this multiple times, until a future German emperor eventually got tired of it and sacked him
@zekariyaszelelew5695 "This is disgusting." Moltke
My challenge was first getting the king into Austria and then getting him out again.-Bismarck.
I do as well.
Real Time History has made some great episodes and series but they pushed the boat out with this really detailed explanation of the conflict. Well done Jesse & team.
Well said. Sail on RTH!
Well said, well said!
Pushed the boat out, eh... Haven't heard that one before lol (not native English speaker)
It’s actually so crazy how underrated this RUclips channel is
@@RooZvonBooZ either is the person that made that dumb statement
Fun fact: Helmuth von Moltke is the oldest person in history whose voice is recorded.
really ? wow.
I think oldes recorded voice is from Lajos Kossuth
@@Dr.Di.979 I’m not sure who was first but moltke is the oldest (ie earliest born) person with a recorded voice. He was born in 1800.
@@augustvonmackensen3902 Yeah j understood you comment later and that i made mistake, but i didnt wanted to delete or change comment because its also interesting fact
@@Dr.Di.979 yeah no worries man, it defo is.
On a different note, we’re so accustomed to hearing recorded voices these days it’s almost difficult to comprehend how people must have felt hearing one for the first time.
The only thing wrong with this video is that it's just one video. I could have watched hours and hours of this. Brilliant work. Excited to see what's next! (I have my fingers firmly crossed for: Solferino/Sardinian War and Crimea!)
we're working Crimea already, but it will take a while.
@@realtimehistory make sure to involved Brett Gibbons (youtube "papercartridges") and/or Rob from British muzzleloaders.
They are the experts when it come to the rifle musket.
and that Hannover was an Austrian ally
@@realtimehistory I can hardly wait for the Crimean war documentary. One of the most interesting wars of the 19th century.
Make a video :
World War I battle of Somme
34:21, you placed the prussian V Corps (Steinmetz) ahead of the 2nd Army, but this unit did not arrive on the battlefield until dusk. First units were parts of the Garde-Korps (1st Division Wilhlem Hiller von Gaertingen) and a division from the VI Corps (Mutius). Even King Wilhlem wrote to his wife that he could not find Steinmetz after the battle.
The first Corps was also some hours behind the garde, again quoting Wawro: because of the incompetence of Corps Commander Bonin. You said it correct, but the grafiks are not. But even with this detail it is a magnificent documentary!
This was amazing. Also, I always love hearing Jesse speak foreign languages, you do so very well. Great pronunciation all around.
Hey Jesse and real time history crew! Great detail, thanks for not forgetting the great Giuseppe Garibaldi! Us old blood Italian's appreciate it! So happy to see this up today! Now my happy history friday is complete with this video and my other favorite history creator's posts! It's how I unwind on my Friday after the every week routine! Y'all take care see you guys soon!
Perfect work, thanks a lot. For those trying to locate the places on maps: I think there is a small typo at 29:51 - battle of Glitschin is mentioned, while the correct spelling is Gitschin (present day Jičín)
This has to be the first time I've ever heard the name of Auschwitz in a context other than the Concentration Camp...
And also the first time that the "6 millions" cliché is not repeated, victims were more probably something like 2.200.000 victims (still a frightening number!), if we have to believe Hoess deposition at the Nuremberg trial (Hoess was the director of Auschwitz - Birchenau but he was heard as witness at the Nuremberg process).
Guess ppl dont learn history in school anymore ;)
@@minecraft991115 >The only other significant incident there was that battle, so...
Love the collaboration with Royal Armouries and all the work you guys put in these videos, even quoting letters from prominent personalities, can't even comprehend the research you guys must have been through for a videos like this. THANK YOU 👃
Absolutely thrilled to see a HIGH QUALITY documentary on this often overlooked conflict.
This was great and very enjoyable. Just a quick question at 46:30 you mention Rome when referring to the Italian government. I don't think Rome was the capital of Italy yet since it was still part of the papal states. Besides that this was great and I really liked how you talked about the southern states being uncooperative instead of working together to defeat the Prussian Army of the Main
it was a temp capital with florence at the time
@@lordraydens exactly, the capital of Italy was moved to Florence from Turin in 1865, until 1870 when finally Rome was conquered from the Pope after the fall of Napoleon III at Sedan.
@@gabrielmendellaOn 16 july 1870, France declared war on Prussia. Two days later, the Vatican I Council issued its declaration of the doctrine of Papal Infallibility. On 20 September 1870, the Italian army of unification completed the conquest of Rome, the final remnant of the Papal States. It was certainly a dynamic few months in Roman Catholic history.
Right. In 1866 the Italian capital was Florence, since Rome was still under the Pope rule.
Excellent - there is about 3 books worth of reading here condensed into less than an hour. Thank you so much for helping me get a grasp on this important part of European history.
Technology is always a slave to established tactics. When you are training generations to fire a volley or two at close range and then decide the issue with the bayonet, a superior technological breakthrough is ignored. The carnage of the Great War showed that these lessons are difficult to learn.
Turns out all that is pointless and you should just focus on small unit tactics.
It's crazy to think that warfare barely changed for 4000 years. Then with the self contained cartridge and machine guns changed warfare almost over night. Archer/lance formations turned into pike/shot then musket formations with bayonets. These tactics made their way all the way into WW1 then warfare became what we know it to be today.
Brilliant video! Thank you for doing this one. I am currently working on a wargame covering the Battle of Koniggratz and your video has reinforced many of the features I've included in the game. This is such a fascinating period of history. Thanks again and well done.
An hour long Reel Time History video on the Austro-Prussian War of 1866? Yes, please! Now I have my video for lunch today with more waiting for me when I get home!
Also, as it is my birthday, I'll pretend this was released today for that purpose.
happy birthday!
There’s so many wise, terrible, or at the very least ironic lessons and tropes in past wars. The compulsion to repeat them over and over until the end of time being the main one
Those quotes from Otto and Rudolf are timeless
Amputees were also very common during the similar era American Civil War. The Minie bullet and rifle bullets at the time, had a hollow or concave shape at the base of the bullet and tended to tumble in flight and wreck havoc whenever they passed through human flesh. Hollow bullet charges are now deemed inhumane and not used in most modern militaries (by treaty I think), but in the era (1860s), they were widely used by many armies and being hit by such a bullet in the arm or leg will smash the bone, meaning amputation for that limb. Very common occurrence.
A hollow base makes bullets more aerodynamically stable, not less.
Hollow point bullets, which were banned in the hague convention of the 1890s, were not common in the 1860s, as normal small arms projectiles were made from soft lead, resulting in the expansion of the projectile in tissue; they don't have a strong need for further internal expansion. The later-developed hollow points were intended to replicate the expansion of soft lead bullets in the new jacketed projectiles used with smokeless powder, basically speaking.
Thanks...We never knew this astonishing Fact 😅😅😅
Yes: the use of bullets that expand within the body was prohibited by The Hague Convention of 1899. To this day the International Criminal Court considers their use a war crime.
thats bullshit and anyone with the slightest knowledge of firearms history know it.
I am researching Civil War Union veterans pensions, and amputations were only about five percent of the pensioners. I was surprised too!
Even a cameo from Jonathan Ferguson! I really appreciate the quality content from this channel. Thanks for all of your hard work. The videos are also well edited speaking as an editor myself.
Fantastic production as always. Great fun to watch, highly educational, and great production quality. Plus an appearance from Jonathan Ferguson, you guys know how to put a great doc together
Thanks!
Thank you.
This channel is impeccable! I love researching this conflict, and videos on it are not the most common yet. Thank you for adding this gem to the lot!
This was also the war that had a major impact on my family. My great-great grandfather Gedaliah served with his brother in the Austrian army. However, after the war, there was a wave of antisemitic reprisals against Jewish soldiers in a number of units who came under unfounded suspicion of treason in favor of Prussia (similar to the Dreyfus Affair in France). Gedaliah and his brother killed their commanding officer and fled toward Italy, joining Garibaldi and serving as mercenaries in the Army of the Vosges during the Franco-Prussian War to earn money to travel to America. On the boat over to New York, Gedaliah Arrm became George Aaron and his brother chose the name Robert Arrin (spelling was not a strong point in that side of the family).
Great story. :)
Including the change from Gedaliah to the quite Christian name George.
Amazing story. Thank you for sharing. Blessings from Australia.
The suspicions were founded.
And the Freedom Party of Austria has entered the thread 🤡
@@fredaaron762 bin Amerikaner, Liebe WITZ.
This history kind of makes my head spin...so much going on. Mom's grandparents came from an hour south of Hannover, and also from around Strasbourg. They all left there, like many others in during the 1840's through 70's. It is hard to see why people were forced to leave such beautiful country.
So weit ist es leider schon wieder😢
@@klausbohlert6613 Yes, again.
It was kinda surprising the royal armory had a practically non functioning needle gun. Maybe they're just that rare. I'd love to go rooting around through that building. Could stay there all day
Thank you sooo much, I recently listened to Hardcore History's podcast series on WW1. I highly recommend it. But you've filled in some of the blanks of the events between waterloo and WW1. Truly amazing how these events fit with all others!! Fantastic!!
They fit because all of Europe has a policy of stopping the Germans uniting. Brits, French, Russian, all will go to war if the Germans start unifying. The wars always revolve around the same places.
Excited for this one. Your episode on the Schleswig Wars was excellent.
I've really been looking forward to your series covering the Austro-Prussian war! Sad to see that it has been reduced to just a video but it's understandable 🤷♂️ Looking forward to even more content for your team in the future! 😊
I watched it just last week. its 6 long hours of quality content. Definitely go watch their new video
Absolutely magnificent. It's amazing how professional, well researched and advanced, some youtube channels have become, such as this one. Keep it up.
This was brilliant! Thank you so much for leaving the adverts till the end this time, it made the video so much more enjoyable to watch, your content is great and you deserve reward.
You're lucky: here in Oz, we have 30 seconds of ads every 10 minutes. Really disruptive.
Another great video, really enjoyed it! I’d love to see you cover the 1813/14 campaign as a follow up to your excellent Napoleon’s Downfall videos.
I applaud your pronunciation of the names and locations. It's a breath of fresh air compared to others.
I am from Trautenau, you could still see bullet holes in a Chapel on top of Šibeník hill to this day.
The lieutenant recounting the death of his recruit at 27:08 definitely got me a bit
He describes it in such a sad way, only to end with a triumphant, "Hurrah!" I can't figure out if that was supposed to be sarcasm, or if he really holds that little value for life.
@@sandsalamand3763 No, it's quite clearly a description of how even a victory can leave a sour taste. The 'Hurrah' is not spoken by the lieutenant but by other soldiers around him, while he mournes the recruit's loss.
I'd like to imagine the lad felt some relief he got hold of his hand, he definitely said it as a form of sarcasm
When it comes to the Dreyse needle rifle, one thing that is worth mentioning is that due to fouling, if you fired more than 10 bullets, the ballistics became worse and if you fired more than 20, you were in danger of getting the rear plug of the shell stuck inside the gun, with the next bullet hitting it.
Another problem was increased breach flash, which seriously lowered accuracy.
Basically, it was not just ahead of its time, it was too ahead of its time, which seriously hampered its effectiveness. In fact, Austrians lost mostly not due to their guns, but due to their tactics of close fight, when they had the advantage the further away they were from the Prussian formation.
This guy & his historical documentaries are special. Articulate & impeccable research. Marvellous to watch & enjoy.
Very much liked this video! Thnx for bringing all the details from the strategic to very personal level of that conflict! Will u make a long series about it as u did with the Franco-Prussian war?
no, this was our coverage of it, the series model is not economically viable for us unfortunately
Jesse, another fabulous video. Keep this awesome work up. You and you staff have done excellent work….
I wonder if Drachinifel will soon release a video on the 1866 Austro-Italian naval war in tandem with this excellent RTH documentary. The Austrians really did lionise Admiral Tegetthoff. He would get a dreadnought class named after him in the 1900s.
However, there was an argument over the name. Emperor Franz Josef insisted the Empire's first Dreadnought be named Viribus Unitis, Latin for "with united forces". Which was his personal motto.
The naval brass wanted to call her Tegetthoff. So in the end a compromise was reached whereby the first one was indeed called Viribus Unitis and the second one Tegetthoff. But they were always known as the Tegetthoff Class, even though Tegetthoff was the second one and usually the first one names the class. The final two were Prinz Eugen and Szent István.
The dreadnought Tegetthoff was ceded to the Italians in 1918 as a war prize and sailed to a victory parade in Venice.
The anchors that can be seen at the "Ministero della Marina" building in Rome, at the main entrance, are one from the Tegetthoff and the other from the Szent István (saint Stephan), if memory serves.
Drachinifel has done a video on the Battle of Lissa.
I’ve never seen a video like this on this war. Thank you for such a great video. Really love the part when the guy is showing the guns. If I visited that museum I’d be in 7th heaven. Who were the youtubers the museum guy mentioned? Or others
An excellent program, thank you. I do wish people would go beyond mere political history and discuss tactical principles more. Everyone talks about the rate of fire of the Dreyse and the way this allowed those armed with them to win, but they ignore the way the Austrians could have used the Lorenz's far better range and accuracy had they understood this instead of just marching in with the bayonet. Kudos to Jonathan for at least mentioning this, but it really needs to have more explanation and discussion. Points to Jonathan, too, for mentioning Balázs Németh and Brett Gibbons, the real experts on these subjects.
That was an excellent point brought up by Jonathan regards the Lorentz out-ranging the Dreyse. But the Prussians could only play to their rifle strengths and they made use of its ability to rapid fire at both standing and prone positions and that can make all the difference. But certainly, the battle of Konigrattz/Sadowa should never be written again as a slam dunk victory by the Prussians after watching this program.
Jesse, To my ear, your German pronunciation is excellent! I commend your narration. My compliments.
he even did sword of an austrian accent I'd say ;)
My theory is that von Moltke and von Bismarck took the measure of the Austrian Army in the Danish War of 1864 and found it wanting. Slow to mobilize, slow on the march, and slow in rate of fire.
OMG, fantastic work RTH, Jessie, and Team. Well done. I love these pieces on overlooked (here is the US) pieces of history.
Glad you enjoyed it!
1:36 they didn't exclude Austria gut instead wanted to make the empire at the size of the german confederation, but the emporer thing is right
If I watch many more of this I will have to subscribe to Yuck Tube because the 90sec commercials were numerous towards the end of the video and I almost had to quit. This channel is incredible
Hate to nitpick, but at 46:32 you refer to the Italian government as 'Rome' but at this point it had not yet been incorporated into the state as the capital. Sorry if anyone else has also pointed it out, but it's worth noting.
I've watched quite a few of these videos and I'm impressed. You've gotten another subscriber today.
I love your videos. They are amazing and show many environmental aspects where war took place: personal feelings of known or common characters, the technologies at the time, the social situation.
I have thou some problems with audio: dunno it it's the pronounciation or the microphone or the equalization. There's too much boom effect that requires me more efforts than usual to understand the correct words. I would suggest you to deamplify a little the lower frequencies.
Thank you for your work
The Speaker in this presentation has made all the difference. I thank you for such concise reportage and correct pronunciation of the participants in this ssingularly important war in Europe of which I was never so well informed as now...
Sincere thanks...
This is such a phenomenal video. I don’t want it to end.
Was looking forward to this one! Thx guys!
The eerie music during Jonathan's segment made it seem like he was doing the presentation at gunpoint. Normally his manner of speaking doesn't seem nervous, but with the music it sounds like he's presenting these pieces to stay alive.
Chapeau! Excellent history documentary as always
Fantastic video as always. Thank you Jesse and team at Real Time History
These are so great superdocumentaries. This platform ( RUclips) will die some day, because they don’t support anything like this.
Regards from Finland. And thank’s Jesse, you are great speaker.
Thanks!
I think this is the Best Documentary Channel on you tube. His narration is absolutely amazing!! Thank you
12:00 cant help but feel like he read the cliff notes and really made a meal out of it 😂
Fantastic canter through - thank you very much indeed. This is easily my favourite Channel on RUclips and possibly full stop. I don't know if you came across him in your research but one of my ancestors - Friedrich Rupprecht Ritter von Virtsolog - was an Officer in the Hussars at the time. I know that in 1863 he commanded a Hussar Regiment (Husszaren-Regiment Prinz Karl Von Bayern nr. 3) and he later reached the rank of Major-General - did you find anything about him while researching the various engagements of the war? Another of my ancestors, and I think Friedrich's Father, Major General Heinrich Rupprecht von Virtsolog commanded the Reserve Division at the Second Battle of Custoza but I don't know a huge amount about what actually transpired. Any information you have from your research would be very much appreciated.
Thanks for showing the musket and the needle rifle. So cool!
Also a lil fun fact just after the naval battle of lissa the traditonal venetian battle cry was heard from the austrian navy ships "viva San Marco !" as many of the sailors were venetians or part of the stato da mar of the ex republic of venice
It's not the battle cry only. All orders on board were given in Venetian dialect (in Italian) and all the terminology was Italian, as that was the language of the Venetian navy. When Austria incorporated the Venetian state, during the Napoleonic wars, it incorporated the Venetian Navy as well but the fleet went on speaking Italian up to 1866 at least.
"I'm Jesse Alexander, and this is a production of Real Time History - the only history channel that could win a battle with only 500 needleguns." LUL. Awesome outro to an (as always) very interesting video.
In the Main region there are still monuments for the battles (Aschaffenburg, Tauberbischoffsheim). It was bitter for the Franconian people, wich just 50 years ago had been made new parts of Baden, Württemberg or Bavaria, but most of them really identified with their Kings
This War is the reason the fortress and Garrison Theresienstadt exists. Known as Terezin today in the Czech Republic of Bohemia (Böhmen) that was repurposed and used as a special Konzentrationslager in WW1.
The Battle of Königgrätz was fought here over the mass Graves of the many thousands of soldiers of the Napoleon campaigns on the very same fields.When Preußische truppen marched into Bayern resulting in the battles in Bad Kissingen just minutes from where I live, it reminds me of a dirty, very worn Kriegerdenkmal I saw often in a fork in the road just outside Conn Barracks/Schweinfurt dedicated to a brave Bavarian Dragoner charge and victory against Prussian troops during this campaign.
THIS IS A BLOOD AND IRON MOMENT
10:18 "Muskets tend to be long because they are handles for a bayonet" I pray that is a joke with poor delivery
This was a great Video and ties in nicely with the rest of your videos on the other wars of german unification.
the paintings at 2:20 name?
(Danish) soldiers return to Copenhagen in 1849 / Soldaternes hjemkomst til København 1849,
by Otto Bache
Thank you very much
At 15:08 If the Zundnadelgewehr was a breech-loader why does it need a rammer (ramrod)?
Cleaning
One minor issue: at 45:33 you state that Würzburg is the Bavarian capital. That is and was München (aka Munich), of course. Aside from that: great stuff!
Just finished the 6 hour Franco-Prussian War summary, may as well get into this one too :)
and don't forget about the Schleswig Wars 😉
@@realtimehistory I am going to blame my lack of productivity on you guys today hope that's ok!
Thanks for these awesome videos!
Amazing work, thank you.
Can someone tell me the name of the music that plays from ~0:22 to 3:00? I've heard it in other videos and I absolutely love it, but I can't find any information on it anywhere. Thank you!
Excellent video! Congratulations!
Glad you liked it!
You make the study of past wars FUN.
Thanks!
Another banger. Keep it up. Never have I heard this history. Thank you for telling it.
Perfect German pronunciation.
Prussian soldiers were the first ones to reload their rifles lying on their bellies. Also a major tactical factor.
Some small information for Mr. Ferguson. In civilian context Gewehr means all kind of manportable, handhold long firearms. This includes all shotguns, rifles and combinated guns ( in german Büchsflinte, Drillling, Vierling), including wallguns and puntguns. In military context a Gewehr is a fullsize battlerifle of infantry man. In contrast to carbine of cavallry man or artillry/ train man, and Büchse of Jäger ( light infantry man). But Attention! Gewässer- a lot of water, Gesang- a lot of singing, Geschrei- a lot of shouting. Ge... means a lot of, so Gewehr can mean : A lot of defence. So Seitengewehr- bayonnet, Kurzgewehr- a kind of polearm used up to late 18th century by Unteroffiziere and Feldwebel.
I am sending support on Paterson. This should be on TV, not the pawn shop and weird finds. You guys took RUclips funding and made an informal which included the in-depth examination of the needle gun we heard so much about. Seriously, just shut up and take my money!!!!
This is now my favourite history channel
47:13 the red line in the map is a bit confusing. it's not the border of the "German Empire" and it's not the border Austrian Empire either
it's the German Confederation: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Confederation
28:13 NEVER FORGET!
never again
Never forget!
"Battle done. 70 thousand casualties. Has the fulfillment of Your Majesty's honor taken place?"
Your flawless pronounciation of ``Schweinschädel`` (pig`s skull) was very impressive.
ATB
Brilliantly researched and presented. Thank you for sharing!
I feel privileged to have this content for free.
I am but a simple man. I see Johnathon Ferguson, Keeper of Firearms and Artillery at the Royal Armouries Museum in the UK, and I feel compelled to like the video.
46:29 Rome was not the capital city of Italy yet and was not part of the Italian state. It still was the capital of the Papal state and it would remain so until 1870. In 1866 the Italian capital was Florence.
So happy to see Johnathan from Royal Armouries! Love his content!
26:53 "my recruit just died a horrific death beside me, anyway we took the church, hurrah!" Wtf.... 👀
Denmark used to be a northern European big game player but losing the war of 1866 was the end of any Danish aspiratons and plans. The previously mighty Danish navy had been decimated during the Napoleonic Wars and never rebuilt, now with the army in tatters Denmark largely kept out of European matters and tried to remain neutral. Sweden going full neutral made the decision a lot easier but the de facto neutrality also meant that Denmark's army lasted about 6 hours when Hitler's blitzkrieg came rolling in in 1940.
18:25 The Lorenz did not use Minié Bullets and they absolutely did not use Podewils Bullets which are a Bavarian invention and based on Minié bullets. Major, later Oberst Podewils was head of the Royal Bavarian Amberg Rifle Factory. They used "Compressiv Geschosse" (compression projectiles) which looked a little bit like a Christmastree at the end. When fired the rearmost cone was forced in the cone before it an that one in the next cone. So the bullet expanded and pressed itself in the rifling.
The Austrians and the Southern German States had agreed to use the same rifle caliber but the bullets were still different as were the rifle systems. The advantage of the Podewils rifle was that the ignition spark came directly in the middle at the end of the chamber and the ignition of the powder was therefore more evenly than the previous ignition from the side. This brought better accuracy.
Great video as always! Can't wait for more to come.
the seizure of Schleswig-Holstein by the Prussians resulted in the everlasting hatred of princess Dagmar of Denmark of anything German. Dagmar carried this hatred with her when she married the Russian Tsar Alexander III. She disliked Germans and disapproved of her son Nicholas II's marriage to Alexandra of Hesse Darmstadt (even though Alexandra herself strongly disliked Prussia and especially her cousin Wilhelm II). Nicholas II and Alexandra of course were the last Tsar and Tsaritsa of the Russian Empire.
Excited to see which conflict RTH will cover next!