CNS Tumors: Pathology Hindi Lectures

𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝗙𝐨𝐫 𝗠𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝗜𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝗛𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 👩‍⚕‍ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝗠𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞💉🩺💊
📌𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 : / clinical.learning
CNS Tumors: Pathology Hindi Lectures -
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CNS (Central Nervous System) tumors are abnormal cell growths within the brain and spinal cord, areas that are critical for coordinating bodily functions. CNS tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), each type presenting distinct challenges depending on its size, location, and rate of growth. Given the CNS's control over vital body systems, even a small tumor can have significant impacts. CNS tumors disrupt normal neural function, leading to symptoms that vary widely but can often be severe. For students and medical professionals, understanding the pathophysiology, types, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatments of CNS tumors is essential for effective diagnosis and management. 🏥🧬
1. Types of CNS Tumors: From Common to Rare 🌐
CNS tumors are classified based on their cell type, origin, and behavior. Key types include:
Gliomas: The most common CNS tumor, arising from glial cells, which support and protect neurons. This category includes astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Each subtype varies in severity and response to treatment.
Meningiomas: Arising from the meninges (protective layers around the brain and spinal cord), these tumors are generally benign but can become problematic due to their location and size, compressing surrounding neural tissue.
Medulloblastomas: Typically found in children, this malignant tumor arises in the cerebellum and often spreads through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These require aggressive treatment.
Schwannomas: Originating from Schwann cells, these tumors are frequently found on the vestibular nerve (acoustic neuromas), leading to symptoms such as hearing loss and balance issues. 🎧
2. Symptoms: Warning Signs of CNS Tumors 🚨
CNS tumors produce symptoms based on their location and the pressure they exert on surrounding structures:
Headaches: Persistent or severe headaches, often worsening in the morning, are a common symptom due to increased intracranial pressure.
Vision Problems: Blurred or double vision, particularly if the tumor compresses the optic nerves or occipital lobe.
Seizures: Unprovoked seizures are often a result of electrical disturbances caused by the tumor pressing on brain tissue.
Motor and Sensory Changes: Weakness, numbness, and even personality changes may occur, depending on the affected brain areas. Neurological deficits can emerge when the spinal cord is involved. 🩺🧩
3. Diagnostic Techniques: Confirming CNS Tumors 🔬
Accurate diagnosis of CNS tumors requires advanced imaging and tissue analysis: MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): The primary imaging tool for CNS tumors, providing detailed images of brain and spinal cord structures, often enhanced with contrast agents.
CT Scan (Computed Tomography): Useful for initial assessment, particularly in emergency situations, to visualize the tumor and any associated bleeding or swelling.
Biopsy: Essential for determining the exact type and grade of the tumor, guiding treatment options. A small tissue sample is taken for histopathological examination.
Functional Imaging: Techniques like PET scans can provide additional details about the tumor’s metabolic activity and guide surgical planning. 🩻🔍
4. Treatment Options: Managing CNS Tumors for Optimal Outcomes 💉
CNS tumor treatment is often complex, tailored to the type, size, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient’s health status:
Surgery: Often the first line of treatment, particularly for accessible benign tumors. The goal is to remove as much of the tumor as possible while preserving neurological function.
Radiation Therapy: Used for malignant or recurrent tumors, radiation targets and kills tumor cells. It’s also beneficial when surgical resection is incomplete.
Chemotherapy: Drugs such as temozolomide are used, especially in malignant tumors like glioblastomas. Chemotherapy can be systemic or local (implanted wafers in the brain).
Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy: Newer therapies, such as bevacizumab, specifically target tumor growth pathways, while immunotherapy engages the immune system to fight cancer. These therapies are promising for more personalized, effective treatments. 🌈💊
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[@amolkelkar7231]

Nice video

[@medschoolsimplified007]

Thanks