What Would Happen if you fell into a Black Hole?
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- Опубликовано: 19 янв 2024
- Imagine that your on a science mission to study black holes when through no fault of their own, one of the crew ends up outside the ship and being pulled towards the blackhole. With no prospect of rescue how long would our astronaut survive once over the event horizon and what would happen to hem once they disappear from our universe. In this video we look at what might happen, would they even make it to the horizon and if they did how long they might survive once inside.
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Written, researched and presented by Paul Shillito
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In a nutshell: you get eternal life, but only for a few minutes.
That's deep bro
And at the last moment The Doctor will scoop you up with the open door of the TARDIS and it'll be off home for tea and medals.
This is extremely poignant and pithy and I will be using it to describe how black holes work for the rest of my life. Thank you.
@@ABrit-bt6ce You mean fish fingers and custard?
Even more bizarre.... your body will hang motionless over the blackhole as a kind of eternal monument to human curiosity.
Hardly understood any of that - but there were no ads, before or during the video, for which you have my eternal gratitude...
Yeah. A friend told me that, so I watched and have re-subscribed.
I pay for RUclips premium and I am Patreon of a hundred + channels so I can avoid ads.
I won't tolerate ads. But I'm weird!
@@stevenkelby2169it's called ublock on desktop and revanced on mobile... paying criminal Google 😂😂😂. Embarrassing.
AdGuard helps :)
Are you guys not aware of uBlock Origin? I haven't seen an ad on RUclips in literally years - and even now with RUclips doing all they can to block ad-blockers uBlock Origin still works perfectly. I've had to update it a few times but other than that it's stellar....
edit: I realized that sounded awful "ad-like" on it's own, just an avid fan, have no connection to uBlock....
Yeah, i automatically skipped to about 3 minutes in and noticed that the advert still hadn't started, since i couldn't see any hints at it in the little preview when mousing over the time bar.
As normally the ad would appear after the intro theme, but that was also missing, so i just put it back to the start again and was happily surprised by the lack of adverts.
He's a good man.
Even though I have read "A Brief History of Time" more than once-it still makes my brain hurt when I think about these things. Great video Paul- you never disappoint!
Compared to Joe Polchinskys book, that was child's play really. What did hurt my brain was the "shwortz child" pronunciation (sorry Paul)
As a german I have to say it is not Schwarzs-Child .... it is Schwarz-Schild, literally Black-Shield, or Black-Sign
Quite right. Supposedly a sign in the Frankfurt ghetto, near to Rothschild (red shield).
Sh-varw-sh-il'ed.
That topic gives me shivers every time a English speaking person mentioned Schwarzschild.
Maybe we need a TV show like Baking Bread for Heisenberg, so the world can learn to speak out correctly.
They got Einstein correct and don't speak it like Einsteen.
Reminds me about the movie "Young Frankenstein" (by Mel Brooks), where there is a discussion about how to pronounce the name: Frankenstein or Fronkensteen 🤣 (Eegor or Igor, Frederic or Froderik)
As a French with my four grand parents carrying a German family name i have to say; Sauerkraut.
@@fabrb26 Oh yes, Zau-er-krau-t. 🙂
Not sure if the Polish version has the same pronunciation though.
Great video on the effects black hole event horizons, nice clear explanations :)
I have only one gripe: the pronunciation of Karl Schwarzschild's name. He was german, and his name is a combination of the two words Schwarz (meaning "black", pronounced "shwarts" as you did) and Schild (meaning "shield", pronounced "sheeld", almost identical as its english equivalent "shield"). The actual meaning of his name is in itself a curious coincident given his scientific work on the event horizon of a black hole.
Romilly: Gargantua's an older spinning black hole. It's what we call a "gentle singularity."
Cooper: Gentle...
Romilly: They're hardly gentle, but the tidal gravity is so quick that something crossing the horizon fast might survive. A probe, say...
Cooper: What happens after it crosses?
Romilly: After the horizon is a complete mystery. So, what's to say there isn't some way that the probe can glimpse the singularity and relay the quantum data? If he's equipped to transmit every form of energy that can pulse...
TARS: Just when did this probe become a "he", professor?
That's damned good science/sci-fi writing. Informative and thought-provoking while also being funny. I really liked how this actor played Romilly, and the voice actors who played TARS and CASE were fantastic.
What a great film. KIPP was named for Kip Thorne who consulted on the project.
I guess "you die when the accretion disk radiation overwhelms your ship's shielding long before you reach the event horizon" isn't as fun.
Mind officially blown - yet another stellar video, thanks 👍
The time dihilation leads to some really wonky consequences. It's not just that the entire history of the universe (even the infinite post heat death nothingness) passes the instant you reach the event horizon. But every further moment you experience after you've crossed the event horizon does not corrospond to any point in the timeline of the outside universe. The outside universe no longer exists. You are inside your own little pocket universe.
What does the human in the space suit see as they cross the event horizon? Well, my logic does not agree with what Paul proposes. If you start accelerating faster than the speed of light, then the eyes of our doomed space traveler would see a picture of the universe that would start to freeze (maybe even reverse a little) as they outpace the emitted light arriving at their eyes. So as they get even faster than the speed of light, the picture would just fade away. And if they looked to the side, the light is being curved into the black hole, so that view would fade to black as well. I'm afraid, it's "Lights Out!" The only thing left will be them hearing their own voice saying something in reaction to the experience. Anything ranging from, "Well I never ........" To "Aaaaaaaaaaaaaahhhh!" The next thing will be like that bug that hit's your windshield on the open road. Mercifully, they might have run out of oxygen by then I would think. 🧑🏼🚀
I too think you would just be thrown so far ahead in time the black hole would have evaporated at the instant you touched event horizon. As time dilation would be near infinite at that point I suppose
"Die." - Lt. Commander Worf
"Good tea. Nice house."
Today is a good day to die!
Quote from Worf!
'PRUNE JUICE, A WARRIOR'S DRINK!'
'I am NOT a merry man'
'You have never seen death'
- Worf
Event Horizon you say? Space time you say?
*Dr Weir has entered the chat😂
LIBERA TE TUTEMET EX INFERIS
Such an amazing film :D
"Tish, pshaw and nonsense! Any old twit can hug the event horizon of a black hole, then loop the loop ’round the spinning singularity at twice the speed of light, then slam the engines into reverse and blast out of an imploding nebula!"
What a guy.
thanks so much for your research and production of these series. Much appreciated!
There is a Stargate SG-1 episode, A Matter of Time, that revolves around the time dilation aspects of a black hole, and what happens to people stuck near one.
I’m not claiming it’s scientifically accurate, but I think they do a decent job for general popcorn sci-fi from 25 years ago.
SCHILD! Means shield but is nowhere near sounding like child. Sorry mate.
There is even a play button (---> sound file) in the english wikipedia article - check out how it actually sounds.
However, besides this I enjoy your videos very much.
Sorry for my bad English, cheers!
PS: As schwarz is German for "black", the name Black Shield is very fitting.
@@stoerenungeheuer543 English actually has an immediate cognate, *swart* , which means something like "blackish" or "dark"... So _'Swart shield'_ could be another translation! 😉
You're right! It made my ears bleed too! I'm not German, but I do have _some_ knowledge of the language, being a "neighbour" from Denmark 🙂
@@chromaticAberration Greetings to Denmark!
This chap seems pretty friendly, but I can't help thinking his night job is as an evil super villain.
This channel is part of the recovery program since he got rid of his hollowed-out volcano lair & gave away the hydrofoil superyacht to his henchmen
Shouldn't stereotype the "follicular challenged." They'll get you.
Emperor palpatine vibes.
I'd watch that film.
The hills have eyes
Another amazing video Paul! Thank you! From about 9:35 or so (time perceived differently by astronaut/observer) reminded me of my, probably favourite, Futurama episode: The Late Phillip J Fry. It's difficult for a cartoon to make you feel true emotion but that one really has!
Keep up the great work Paul! Ta
Also in Futurama, in one episode, Bender is lost in space forever. Eventually some small lifeforms begin evolving on him. The they then go to war against each other and so on. That was a pretty interesting episode. The creators of the show (the same that created The Simpsons) really take physics, gravity and a bunch of other fundamental "laws" into consideration in the show, which make it all the more interesting!
I love how clearly you communicate difficult ideas so that even those with little to no knowledge of science can get an understanding of what's going on. Thanks for making these topics accessible and enjoyable to watch :)
I really have to compliment you: among numberless videos about this subject somehow you have managed to synthesize the information in a comprehensive and original way. Some thing that you point out made me say "wow, I never thought abaut it his way!".
Thumbs up!
Always a good video from you. Thank you.
Paul, your best video…. Ever! A compilation of so many theories, across so many questions of what is beyond what we both know and surmise. Going to watch this video 1000 times. Outstanding and awe inspiring. Congrats!
Current theoretical models indicate that if you fall into a black hole, you get trapped inside a bookshelf.
Our 5 senses aren't equipped to understand what we've garnered from our technology leaving questions we know can never be answered.
As soon as I hear your voice I'm hooked mate. All the best.
Reminds me of the speculation before the sound barrier was broken
Yep. Can't be done. Hold my beer!
Well lets put it this way.... you might survive, but by the time you came back out even the galaxies you know would be long dead.
Anyone who thought the sound barrier couldn't be broken was an idiot. Thunder is caused by the air moving faster then sound, been around forever. Same with meteorites. Some bullets, artillery, explosives - all faster then sound. End of a whip breaks the sound barrier. I can go on for ever.
The best explanation of a black hole I've ever heard.. Loved it. 👍👍
Another absolute Jaw dropper thank you for all your hard work Paul these videos really make you question the universe and thats what science is all about Curiosity!!!
This was significantly more clear and helpful than other youtube videos
The usual German pedantic comment: Karl's name is spelled Schwarz-Schild (both parts with the "sh" sound at the beginning, sounds something like Schwarz shield), not Schwarzs-Child :) Anyway, thanks for the great video
It is as amusing to me as the depiction of the English rescue on the beach's of France in the re-make movie. Here was a chance to correct the name of the town Dunkerque after which the battle is historically known as, but no, we still have the English 'bastardised' name. Even the Oxford dictionary says: Dunkirk / a port in northern France. French name Dunkerque.
MAN THAT IS A LOT TO THINK ABOUT.....Thanks Paul...
Amazing video, as always.
In Eureka, Edgar Allen Poe predicted black holes and the big bang. Fascinating.
#300 ! Very nice! Thanks for the excellent content!
Just mind-bending stuff really. Great presentation.
Roy kerr of Kerr black hole fame recently published a paper suggesting that black holes made from physical bodies may not contain singularities. So very exciting discoveries to come. And as Sabine suggests we do not have a good understanding of gravity as yet.
This. It is likely that what we call 'gravity' is a emergent property of some much more fundamental physics, and without understanding this we cannot completely understand black holes.
A note: the "John Mitchell" pictured at 1:20 is John Mitchel (one L), an Irish nationalist and writer. Born ~95 years after this John Michell (clergyman, no T). Otherwise, great video as always, Paul.
I almost didn’t watch this one as I’ve seen it described in so many places. I should have known you’d bring some facts I hadn’t heard. This channel never disappoints.
Schwarzschild is actually pronounced more like "Shvaats shilld". Translated from German it literally means "black shield".
Funny thing is that when I first heard of this in physics class I didn't realize the Schwarzschildradius was named after its discoverer but just called like that because light doesn't get through once inside of it.
I like this experiment. I'm pro-AI for content creators like yourself. After all, editing is as much an art as anything else. Seriously. Thanks. 👍
I think my brain needs a rest..... Excellent video, what an incredible subject. Makes you wonder what else is in space we know little about.
10:34 "Alive in their version of reality, but dead to us" That resonates more than it should.
Very clear and interesting video Paul, thanks! 👍
Just one snall thing: the last part of the German name Schwarzschild (which is "schild") is pronounced like the English "shield", not "child". 😅
Nice watch!
Coincidentally I saw a lecture on this exact topic just yesterday on the Royal Institution's YT channel. You did a much better job of explaining it!
Your last point is something I've been thinking a lot about lately. What if spacetime, energy and matter are just emergent qualities of something far deeper, which we can't, and might never, see?
These videos are always brilliant. Ive yet to find an explanation for black holes, spacetime, etc that I can understand with my nuts and bolts brain. I was hoping Paul could help me but in spite of his excellence, I still can't say that I understand.
Best explanation i heard was, if you go sideways, you increase time, if you continue falling, you increase distance
If you really, genuinely, fully understood, perhaps you'd vanish in a puff of logic. :D
Brian Cox and Veritasium have some great Black Hole explainers
@@AussieDaz87 A friend of mine has an email sig which says, "Black Holes are where God is dividing by zero." :D
scary stuff. good video.
I find some comfort in that it will take so long for the universe to end. Who amongst us can fathom time on such a scale?
All of this assumes they arnt just crushed and vaporized in the accretion disk.
Thanks Paul. I enjoyed the video as always. I'm not sure if you were talking about the singularity having a temperature due to Hawking radiation, it would have to come from outside the event horizon. The only reason we can know the spin, charge and mass of a black hole is because that information is accessible to the universe.
Since all detected black holes appear to be spinning, it is not likely there is a singularity point. Maybe some kind of ring structure (Kerr black hole) - who knows?
Nothing to do with the video above but I'd like to put forward a video suggestion.
A while back you did videos about the Spitfire engines and the Napier Deltic Engines.
I'd love to see a video about the engines that powered the Great Western Railways Diesel Hydraulic locomotives.
Specifically the Western Class or the Warship Class of locomotive.
I've tried numerous times to try and get my head around how they work, But I feel you could do a far better job than anyone else out there.
Love your work and all the best for future videos 😁
The quality of this video (and the rest of his videos) is pretty simple to describe: Curious Droid uploads, I click.
Just can’t wrap my head around this… No matter how many times I rewatch it.
I don’t think you’re alone. To paraphrase a famous physicist, if you aren’t confused, you didn’t understand it.
Why do I feel like this is a repost, feel like I've seen this one. Love your videos
awsome!
My mind is not able to comprehend. Space, and everything in it, is mindboggling.
Thanks
Thankyou for mentioning by design as well as evolution.❤
God that is all so fascinating!
Thank you.
Imagine being so smart you're not realised until 200 years later
I have sat in meetings where it felt like I crossed the event horizon…
Nice video like it
The music track sounds a lot like the opening of Dead Can Dance's song "Children of The Sun" hehe. Good stuff. :)
Here is an easy question. If a black hole is spinning and it has an effect on gravity, wouldn't it also grab the space/time around it and stretch it in a spiral? It could be from a weird point of view that because it is spinning and pulling space/time into ever-increasing tight bands, the light cannot get out because it keeps running to the outer bands and pulled back in.
Next, what would happen if you were to find a way to get 1 square centimeter off a black hole and move it to a place where the gravity is equal to interstellar space (near zero)? Would it stay cranched up as a 1cm cube or would it expand out because the gravity is near zero?
One more, if a black hole slowly evaporates, would it ever get light enough to become a thing like a star, with light able to get away from the thing black hole?
This is always mine bending. It's beyond most people's comprehension.
Thanks.
Schwarzschild is roughly pronounced like Shwarts + Shield (Litteral translation = black shield)
The astronaut would need a serious spacesuit. The accretion disk would be quite hot.
"Nothing travels faster than light. With the possible exception of Bad News"
H2G2, the book that tells it all 😊
Bring back the opening sequence!
Sir, please tell me, where do you buy your fantastic shirts?
Me in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Silver Street, Cambridge, circa 1975. I see a line printer poster pasted to the inside of a glass office door: "Black Holes Are Out Of Sight". 19 year old me: OK, right. Several years later: oh I get it, it was Hawking's office. True story
I love videos about this but at the same time i keep thinking that i'm dumb because if someone ask me to explain i will not be able to even that i watch this video 100x. It's so intriguing
Schrödinger's cat.... the idea came about through a conversation between Einstein and Schrodinger about the Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum theory. They disagreed with the theory, Einstein gave the cat as real world example of how quantum theory would work at the macro-scale. Schrodinger later on quoted it and was then known for saying it even though it was actually Einstein who originally said it. Also, the example of the cat was not that it IS both dead and alive at the same time, but that it IS EITHER dead or alive UNTIL IT IS OBSERVED. It's the observation of it that decides whether the cat is dead or alive. It's this idea that Einstein and Schrodinger disagreed with. Apologies for caps lock, just to highlight the key words in the sentence.
I have a question about the time dilation and maybe someone can point me in the right direction:.
As pointed out in this video: when the astronaut comes closer to the horizon for the OUTSIDE observer his/her time would seem asymptomatically slowed down until the astronaut seems to "freeze" at the horizon itself.
For the astronaut looking BACK the universe though would look increasingly sped up asymptomatically until the universe rushes by at an infinite rate (like for the photon traveling though the universe in 0-time).
So HOW does the astronaut ever enter the black hole (crossing the schwarzschild radius for that matter) in the first place? In BOTH reference frames it seems odd:
- The outside observer would NEVER get the information of crossing.
- The astronaut himself could cross the horizon no problem but the universe would be over by then.
So both views lead to my question: how do black holes grow in mass at all if all matter is "frozen" at the horizon?
Thanks a lot !!
-Chris
there is no outside observer b/c they're all long dead lol
@@TheGuruStud -.- not very helpful.
I think the answer is that the event horizon is not yet the center (the singularity) of the black hole. It is only once you reach the singularity that the "universe is over".
Great video! I have a question. If time at the EH comes to a stop for an outside observer (the rest of the universe) how can anything at all fall into a black hole? In other words, how did they grow?
Tough questions.
For the first one : the answer really depends on the observer. You just can't describe anything crossing the horizon using the distant observer's time coordinate. It never sees how the horizon looks like, this region of spacetime is forbidden for him, it only sees light rays emitted by something that's already in its far future. Basically, you'll never see something cross the horizon but you can feel the gravitational field is increasing.
For the second question :
All you need for a black hole to grow is this fact : "for a free-falling observer it takes a finite time to reach the center of a black hole". Plus there is an additional effect : if a clump of matter crashes onto a black hole, its overall mass increases and the radius of the black hole becomes larger. It eats some of the clump (but not all of it).
@@jeremyb1346 hmm... But if time, I am not talking about radiation but spacetime itself, gets infinitely dilated at the EH from a distant reference, then of course matter can still accumulate on the outside of the EH but never fall in because time stands still. So any BH should be encapsulated in hot matter, which wouldn't appear hot but cold as atoms don't move observed from our perspective.
Of course if we would travel there, we would see it all going in but if we then turn around and look back to earth billions of years would have passed there.
@@TheUmbrella1976 Yeah but the sentence "any BH should be encapsulated in hot matter" is a bit confusing. If you work with the proper time of this hot matter you must conclude its not encapsulating the BH. That would be weird to work with a coordinate that describes only partially its geodesics.
There seem to be a paradox between "what the distant observer sees" and "what an inertial (free-fall) observer sees" but it seems to me we already had such puzzling problems with the relativity of simultaneity in special relativity.
I think my brain just got spaghettified.....🙃
Great video!
NOOOO, I hear Sabine Hossenfelder right now maybe in German, "Gravity is not a force!" 😀
So hypothetically, Paul- if I had a starship that could move FTL, could I enter the horizon of a black hole and then fly back out and be far far in the future? Like if I hate my place in time; I could effectively use a forward one-way time machine?
Falling into a Black Hole? Eh, I didn't have plans for the weekend anyways...
😁
You're The Don CD. Cheers.
I say that astronaut would live forever, in our collective memory, as the guy who fell into a black hole.
Cooper: CASE, get ready to match our spin with the retro thrusters.
CASE: It's not possible.
Cooper: No. It's necessary.
Best line in any movie ever!
You get fried by all the light of the universe falling in gets blue-shifted
"They irradiated their own planet?!" "If Nog says so they did. He knows'
...and now here's Bob with the weather.
The astronaut would go in and in his/her subjective time reach the singularity in seconds or minutes. Outside observers, if they could live long enough, would witness the black hole evaporate into Hawking Radiation over 10^100 years. From this universe’s perspective black holes are the ultimate meat grinder, turning astronauts into extremely rarified Hawking Radiation over crazy time spans.
I am glad Droid corrected the 'you get spaghetti-fied by a black hole' myth.
What's to correct? You will get get stretched in regular black holes....
@@TheGuruStud he explained that it depends on the density of the black hole
So, nobody can see my FaceTime as I fall into a black hole?
I'm not going.
I needed a lie down after watching this video!
I am surprised we haven't shot a satellite or sensor into one. It might provide some interesting data. I love this channel. It is so interesting.
Because the nearest known one is is about 400 time farther away than the next star. And it would take a current gen satellite almost 100 000 years to get even there.
@darchamikar2499 It make sense but I just know with the satellite we sent out back in the seventies has reached the outer part of our solar system.
Great Droid. Thanks.
Wouldn’t the observer falling into the black hole see the Galaxy rapidly evolve into eventual “end of the universe” due to the time dilation?
And, wouldn’t the black hole likewise be evolving by “evaporate away” due to Hawking radiation?
So, the observer would never truly reach the “singularity”?
The ship would be shredded by the particles orbiting it, before even reaching the the accretion disc.
I'm surprised everyone seems to think of an infinitely old black hole, while (as far as i am aware) current thinking seems to be the universe has a finite age.
I don't think there is a singularity inside a black hole. That is just an "idealised" version that is easier to describe mathematically.
they arent infinite. they evaporate
The speed of light inside goes to infinity... ish. But the black holes themselves will die with the heat death of the universe. The fact that light cannot actually go to infinite speed is why there are theories that the bottom of a black hole is like a trampoline and everything that got sucked in eventually gets shot back out as it collapses.
@@patreekotime4578black holes evaporate with hawking radiation. Without new matter to eat, they'll just lose mass until they're no longer a black hole. But it will take trillions of years, I guess.
The speed of light is not like speed in general understanding: it’s a constant which behaves with infinite rapidity. That’s because spacetime is hyperbolic. Trying to go faster than light is like trying to go faster than infinity from an observer with mass perspective, so it doesn’t make sense!
light is like a vessel that flows in all directions, you can't travel faster than a vessel without exiting it, instantly.
yo I had no idea that Sid Meyer's videogame Spore made shirts!
Fascinating, but this gave me a profound sense of dread. 😂😂
In the explanation of light in an ever-expanding universe, we see the light from we are in space, is that like watching a tree growing from a certain point looking up since thebpart of the tree that has already grown stays where it is and it the rest just grows up? Just infinitely? Does that make any sense?