Astable Multivibrator Step-by-Step - Blinking LED - Beginner Learns Electronics Ep 13 - RC Circuits

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  • Опубликовано: 2 фев 2025
  • Let's make some LED's blink! Supposedly the "hello world" of electronics, the astable multivibrator seems a bit too complicated for me to give it that name, but let's give it a shot!
    00:00 Starting Build
    00:18 Adding Resistors
    00:38 Adding Transistors
    05:36 Adding Capacitors
    08:44 Adding LED Outputs
    09:20 First Try (FAIL)
    11:10 Second Try (SUCCESS!)
    11:36 PEW PEW PEW
    12:17 How to read capacitor on oscilloscope
    13:20 How to Slow Down LED Blinking
    14:20 Trying to understand what's happening
    Transistors being used here: 2N3904 (NPN BJT)
    1K / 1,000ohm resistors
    10K / 10,000 ohm resistors
    Basic LED's (forward voltage drop ~1.8V)
    Power source: 3V (measured at 3.3V approx)

Комментарии • 1

  • @dylangergutierrez
    @dylangergutierrez 3 часа назад

    Good job and debug! This is not a trivial ciruit at all. Here is a way to think about what's going on:
    This circuit is "astable" because if you put it in balance, it's like a ball at the top of a steep hill, because it won't stay there for very long. If Q1 and Q2 are both at a VBE of 0.7V and the collectors are at equal values, one transistor will be slightly stronger than the other (let's say Q1 is stronger than Q2). Q1 will pull down on Output 1a little bit, which will pull down on Q2 base a little bit through C1, which makes it weaker, which makes Output 2 go higher, dragging Q1 base up through C2. This allows Q1 to pull down even harder by comparison. This is known as Positive Feedback, and it happens when you have a state that reinforces itself using gain.
    At some point, Q2 turns off completely, and Q1 pulls Output 1 down completely to ground. Since Output 1 isn't moving anymore, it can't pull Q2 base down through the capacitor, and R3 charges up C1 on the base of Q2.
    Once the base gets to the VBE of about 0.7V, it starts to pull down Output 2, which pulls down the base of Q1 and turn it off, which makes Output 1 go higher, which makes Q2 turn on even harder, til Q2 quickly turns on completely and Q1 turns off. This cycle repeats.
    The charging time is related to R2*C2, because that RC circuit is what's controlling how long it takes from one of the bases to go from 0V to its turn-on VBE to toggle the circuit.
    Also, just a note: the reason that other circuit had the LEDs in series with the resistors instead of parallel like you had is because your LEDs are clamping the outputs of the circuit (which also may explain the dead time between LEDs being on). If you didn't want to do this, you could take an NPN, tie its emitter to ground, put a 1k resistor in series with an LED between its collector and your supply voltage, and then put a 10k resistor between its base and one of the outputs of your astable multivibrator.
    Good work though, and cheers!