The Lithic Industry and How it Works
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- Опубликовано: 5 апр 2024
- Hey All! It's everybody's favourite subject - rocks! Here we examine step by step how stone tools were made back in the day, their uses, materials and makeup, and figure out exactly how easy we have it now with our Swiss-army-knives.
And a huge Thank You to Vincent P. for helping to conceptualize, edit, factcheck and write portions of this videos' script!
My Patreon: / hannahsmth
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Hey all! Just a few quick addendums to the video:
1. Another technique for Part 4 I forgot to mention is the Pressure Technique - which uses a stone or bone to place pressure on a single spot on the stone until the chip loosens!
2. A majority of the illustrations used in this video - primarily in the Technique Section at 10:26 onwards are designed to portray a general idea of the concepts, not to be 100% accurate to the methods used! Entirely my bad for not making that clearer :)
When you where talking about how some bands would incorporate quarries into there territory there is one well documented war between 2 California tribes over a stone quarry called the yuki mono war. Look into it its really interesting.
Loved the video! Just so you know though, steps two and three in the list section had the same description text. Figured it was minor, but you may wanna know about it.
That said, this is RAD AS HELL. please keep making great approachable history content homie!
@@JWilsonCollege I love the stone age and wish more stories where set in the stone age
The RUclips algorithm likes paleontology
This video is Ojibway/Missisaugas of the new credit First Nation approved
Ah yes my favorite video genre: Woman talks about niche topic I’ve never heard about before and makes it seem very interesting
A classic genre, alongside: Random Indian man explaining your entire grade of math in half an hour and making it easy to understand.
This is what it does, it appeals to the male fantasy
The only reason I know what a turnaround is.
Because it is interesting
I cant believe i gave a woman my undivided attention, well worth it i learned about a pretty manly topic
mmm, cronchy rock
has anyone ever told you how cozy your art makes me feel, if so, i think you should hear it again
it makes me destructive and Evil
@mschf
Don't worry, we all leave that phase back in middle school.
@@mschf_0 _headpats the edgy with a Get Well Soon card_
it makes me devious and sinister
ROCK AND STONE!
Did i hear a rock and stone?
ROCK AND STONE!
We're rich!
IF YA ROCK AND STONE, YER NEVER ALONE
ROCK AND STONE BROTHER!
Mayan and Aztec buildings ( including the pyramids ) were built with stone tools
Giving this a like to spite the ancient aliens theorists.
Native american tribes and nations in South and North America survived and thrived with (usually) no metal tools.
@@Colon-D...they did have some metal tools, specifically copper. However copper tools had to be cold hammered (or, effectively a percussion technique to bang it into the appropriate shape), however these tools weren’t the best and typically went dull after a while, and with metals like gold as a result ceremonial
actually the pyramids were made using copper tools and sand, granite is very tough to cut but the quartz in sand was able to cut it, so they went through tons of copper tools that got worn away from the sanding down of the granite blocks
@@kktallman6257I've always hated those theories tbh. It feels like they undermine and underestimate the spirit of human ingenuity and inventiveness. They brush aside some of the greatest testaments to the everlasting spirit for boundless creativity and desire to create, bastions of human spirit, just brushing it off with "Nah, aliens did it lmao"
that cybertruck clip is infamous lol
This lady just stole the rock I was living under, so this is the first I've seen of that clip.
And hilarious
*blinks in confuse* Wait, where? I missed it.
@@guard13007 4:54
Ugggggggh not again, RUclips needs to stop recommending me gifted channel creators with beautiful and incredible voices/narrating skills. I always end up binging the entire channel and loving every second of it, and the art looks so delicious
*"Dont look so happy this isnt going to be fun for you"* bro got me dying for real. Besides that I had a random question are you going to do more videos on how the production of things happens as time goes on? like Bronze or Iron? (if so you need to make one of these videos titles " the riddle of steel")
I would definitely like to! Since I'll be learning about them anyways it'll be cool to share it with you guys - and gotcha, riddle of Steel! :P (I don't get it but I love the enthusiasm ^^)
@@hannahsmth I cannot explain it but I'm sure you'll find out eventually its a little bit 80s I suppose.
Omg😂😂😂 this is a quote for connoisseurs.
@@hannahsmth you need to find your own answer to the riddle of steel through living, crafting and fighting; so the adventure begins, they were always beside you, your nerdy best friends….. (watch Conan the barbarian to understand the riddle)
@@hannahsmth what you did here seems so much fun, hope you keep going, fun to watch and art is cute! prolly much more fun to produce.
Artisan Skills are needed for Tool Crafting
As an Archaeology student, I approve of this. This is a very good overview and I adore your art style so much.
YES SO EXCITED!! I'm used to the usual worldbuilding guides being about societies much further along in the technological tree, but I need me some stone age stuff!
Though not a "guide" as such, there's a game series called Zeno Clash that is set in a prehistoric age. Really colorful and creative.
Many inhabitants of Zenozoik are bizarre, freakish and monstrous, with inspirations from prehistoric animals and medieval paintings and woodcuts (like Jheronimus Bosch and the Drolatic Dreams of Pantagruel). And instead of a unified cultural design for architecture and clothing, they just build whatever they think looks nice and slap on whatever they think looks neat.
There's a lot of interesting stuff. Written language doesn't seem to exist, yet there are forms of technology. Often made of scrap and organic remains, such as buck horns for crossbow arms, or an emptied spine for a rudimentary rifle barrel.
There's only one singular city called Halstedom, but no real law or central authority. The closest you'd get is some gangs, such as Father-Mother's family, and the Northern Gate Gang.
There's many houses, but many of them are empty and you can just... walk inside and reside in there for a while.
But Zenozoik *is* a very violent place and the Zenos are fittingly tough. If you've got a problem with someone, you run up and fight them, and afterwards go about your day. Perhaps with some belongings less.
There's a group of people that willingly choose to leave behind society and go live in the forests as insane freaks, known as Corwids of the Free. They leave behind any sense of sanity and self-preservation to be truly "free" because they believe that even existing itself has you be a slave to your needs.
And from there, they pursue a singular goal in their life. Like wanting to become invisible, so you claw out the eyes of everything on your path. Or walking in a straight line until there's a tree in your way, and then you just die.
Zeno Clash 2 goes a bit heavier in on emphasizing just how primitive Zenozoik's cultures are. The very idea of a prison and law enforcement is new to them and gets introduced by an outside creature, which has led to the worst of the gangs leaving the city and forming a marauder people, with as a custom to chop off their own feet and make big helmet masks of straw and animal horns.
There's also another up-and-coming species of what resembles humanoid lobsters with no shell, that have more rapidly been developing societal concepts such as a caste system and ideas of racial superiority.
The most recent game, Clash: Artifacts of Chaos, is a prequel from a time when Zenozoik *did* have laws. But only a singular and bizarre one, based around a dice game and the titular "artifacts".
Before a physical altercation, either side can challenge the other to The Ritual, where you have to select an Artifact, and then play a game of chance and strategy where after rolling the dice, you can alter the dice's values by taking turns with stabbing ritual knives into the play mat.
The winner gets to spend their Artifact and gets an advantage tied to that Artifact. Such as setting up a fence of sticks and the first one to gets knocked out the fence has to take a free hit, or the opponent having to drink a poison, or coating themselves in some stuff that attracts wasps.
The only reason that the local authority, a deformed siamese quadruplet giantess named Gemini, is the boss, is because she has the Prime Artifact. Which means she gets a free hit in with a Macuahuitl. Enough to kill almost anyone in one hit.
No one knows where the One Law came from and no one has ever questioned it either, but it's the only semblance of central order and authority in a strange and violent land of monsters.
This came out of nowhere from a stranger on the internet, but i hope this has sounded interesting!
Now put them in a world were the rocks aren’t as easy to shape and is very limited- maybe make bones and teeth and horns the prefered material- or invent another material unique to your world, maybe theres giant bugs with chitin armoring semilar in structure to ideal rocks, or dragons with sharp scales thats easy to repurpose and they shed regularly, which could also lead to worshipping your local dragon.
I am an amateur maker of stone tools and other primitive technologies, and I’d consider that area of knowledge one of my main interests. This channel give me a very osp vibe which is one of my favorite channels and it makes me happy to see a writer invest time to really research and try to understand this before making a story including it. This isn’t a perfect rundown of lithic industries but it’s more than sufficient and leagues better than anything I’ve ever seen in any cave man themed media. I’m glad you’re taking the time to gain the knowledge to portray our ancestors as the inventive people they were and I really look forward to seeing where you go with this!
I appreciate your positivity however I was quite disappointed in her representation of how stone tools are made. She displays a series of lack of understanding on the subject. There are better sources than this video on flint knapping.
@@briarniles3784 That’s true but this isn’t a flintknapping channel, it’s a world building/story telling channel. I suspect that she researched the topic for background in a story and making this video may have been more for herself to compile the information. If she wants to include a very detailed look at flintknapping in a story then I think she has a lot to learn still but if not, she got the main beats right which should be enough for some less detailed referencing. If anything I’m just excited to see a writer showing real interest in the authentic practices of our ancestors instead of making caricatures of them.
Infinitive, I'll have to use that word
@@briarniles3784Yeah, it's always going to be a little annoying hearing people simplify a subject you know is more complicated.
I had never heard of the French terminology and categorization before though, so I got that out of it.
@@andrewprahst2529 I meant to say ingenuitive, but I guess that’s not a real word and it got autocorrected to infinitive 🤷♂️
Hello there! I’m a flintknapper myself, and I wanted to mention how different modern flintknapping is to early lithic production. Coming from bashing a rock once or twice to have an edge, getting rid of the cortex / outer stone, using a burin or pressure flanker to add serrations or points, all the way to the masterful hindsgavl daggers, or Clovis points, which employed very specific technique to flute or create zigzag patterns. I think it would be nice to see more focus on our early roots.
Those daggers are absolutely insane. When you try your hand at knapping, you can see how crazy skilled they were at both selecting the stone and shaping it.
I wanted to add also that after some more research, Burins were not used in the shaping of knappable stones, to any extent of my knowledge. Understandable mistake, as I thought it might be possible, but did sound a bit odd to me.
Bruh this channel not having more subs and likes it's a crime, this video was amazing
It's been growing really fast. It got like 3k subs in a week, so it's certainly starting to get what it deserves.
I loved this one. I was vaguely aware of the process (having watched modern hobbyists), but this clarified the categorization quite a bit. I can tell stone selection is a much more involved skill than I gave it credit.
I adore your work and art here, you're criminally underrated. I might delve further into prehistoric tech after this, i feel inspired.
Go for it! It's a blast ^^
Watching this now, and the hammer and chisel technique reminded me of how I'd attach some sort of craft to my legs and make it with my hands, like when I'm making a braid from threads, I put the loops on a toothpick and then pin the toothpick on both sides to my pants above my knee, bend my legs to make the fabric taut, and make!
As a worldbuilder, this video is very helpful
One of the most magical experiences I have ever had in the outdoors was finding what appeared to be an obsidian toolmaking spot in central Oregon. Dozens of obsidian flakes and several broken obsidian arrowheads. One of the arrowheads was nearly complete, only missing one of the flanges that would have helped secure it to a shaft. How heartbreaking must that have been for the person who shaped it. I've made several steel knives and had a few crack after hardening. I'd imagine whoever made that point felt the same way I had when their blade cracked as the final touches were being made. I have never felt so connected to someone who lived so long ago. Sitting in the same valley as they did. Thinking about the crafting of points made of obsidian and steel, shattered before their purpose could be realized.
I wish that I could meet with and talk to that person who lived countless generations before me. I wish that they could know that thousands of years later a person would admire the beauty of their craftsmanship. I wish that I could show them my hammers and anvil and they could show me their obsidian and tools.
Also in this context it’s not too important but generally stone tools aren’t chipped or flaked (we call it knapping or the rock is being knapped) with sharp tools but rather blunt hammer stones or antlers. Same for indirect percussion, it’s not chiseling as much as using an antler rod kind of like a small baseball bat but instead of swinging it directly, you hit it with something else to give it the energy. It’s not really the same type of process as carving a statue, but you still did a great job on this topic!
Hi, archaeologist here. Very awesome approach to teaching people about how lithic production works. Many don't understand that lithics make up so many tools up until historical times. I've excavated lithics from after the 1300s to 1400s AD, but Folsom points are fascinating as well. Anyways, keep up the good work. You earned a new subscriber. 🤠
I love it when a writer/artist REALLY puts in the effort to research the topics of their stories.
It's impressive and inspiring.
Just stumbled here by chance and I love it! Going to binge all your other videos now.
Have you (or anyone else) come across the Chronicles of Ancient Darkness (Wolf brother) series by Michelle Paver? They're set in the late neolithic (6000 BC Scandinavia, so agriculture existed but hadn't spread that far north yet). The world building is absolutely amazing and her books are filled with incredibly vivid descriptions of the stone age environment. The author has a deep respect for hunter gatherer communities and the depth of research she's done and had firsthand experiences with really show in her writing. The series is "for kids" the same way avatar the last airbender is, but I think you (or anyone in your audience that loves your work) would really like them.
Also the audiobooks (if that's more your thing) are read by Sir Ian McKellen (Gandalf) and are also incredible
Thanks for liking the video! And yes!! I read as many of her books as I could when I was a kid, and I definitely would say the Wolf Brother series inspire me to this day :)
This rocks
I'm currently taking a 100 level Anthropology course right now. While I feel I'm out of my depth, the subject matter is really interesting. Thank you for posting.
While my knowledge of World History is well versed, I don't know a whole lot about the Neolithic period, and the knowledge of how Neolithic periods early industry to create tools is vastly fascinating! Amazing video! Loving this channel more and more! ^w^
Also, the use of google translate for complicated French words has totally brought back my university days of study. 😂
I know this aint important ...BUT the neolithic is the era in which we began farming. The hunter gatherer era is the paleolithic and transitions into the mesolithic before evolving into the neolithic
@@Max-ek4dn oop! Guess I still got to study up on my histories of early Humanity still. 🤣 But thank you for the correction! It's always good to continue to learn things. :)
This was such a fantastic video! Your artwork is lovely, it was so useful for following along the process. Instant subscribe!
I've seen plenty of people talk about the "what" of stone tools and industries, but this is the first one that has really gone in depth on the "how" they actually got from stone to tool. Your story of the father teaching his son how to make a scraper was so perfect to illustrate how these techniques and traditions managed to live on and be passed down for so long. It's so beautiful and wonderful that this was happening everywhere, in every family and tribe, for a 100,000 generations
This is gonna be so freaking useful in a couple years.
Thank you for this video! I'm a hobby flintknapper, and I appreciate the time you took to research and present this material.
I am mostly a modern reproduction knapper who uses techniques similar to those popularized by great modern knappers such as D. C. Waldorf, Joseph Higgins, Emory Coons, and others. These techniques rely mostly on percussion or pressure on the edges toward the center of a piece, removing material from the edge in shallow flakes and spalls.
It's not often I get to see anyone talk about the other methods of flintknapping, particularly ones that apply force perpendicular to the core or that apply force from the face outward toward the edge.
These techniques may often seem backward or wrong to a modern knapper, but when practiced can almost appear magical. Such methods are also invaluable when breaking down almost perfectly rounded stones (that don't present a clear platform or edge to strike) or very large slabs of stone that would be better suited for making cores or split perpendicularly to make slabs that can be worked from the edge.
What would I look up if I wanted to research those other techniques you mentioned?
@@SuperNova-so2cj I learned a lot of these techniques from the book "The Universal Toolkit" by Paul Campbell.
I haven't found many resources online, most of what I've seen online are based on edge or platform reduction techniques.
It's impressive how out of the way stone tools can get from where that kind of stone would naturally form. People must have taken their rock selections very seriously.
I’m tremendously impressed by the level of thoughtfulness you’re putting into this project - I’m psyched to see where it goes
Instructions unclear, smashed both of my stones
I just found these videos focused on ancient worldbuilding and they've been sooo good and interesting, and immensely helpful since I've been recently conceptualizing an au with an early society setting
Yay rocks!💎🪨🗻☄
its 2:22 AM and I am LOCKED IN thank you Hannah!
Excellent video! It's fascinating how much craftsmanship went into each stone tool
My favorite thumbnails are the ones that are both art and self contained memes.
This is EXACTLY the kind of video I needed for multiple videogames I want to make. You earned yourself a subscrber! Now, to watch another one.
Awesome video! Makes me really miss messing around with knapping, I've got tons of great memories making stone arrowheads and little hand axes with my grandpa! He'd make traditional style longbows, and we'd work together on the Arrows. Definitely miss doing that with him.
There's a really cool historical crossover regionally between the Old Copper Culture in the great lakes, and their exploitations of the Huuuge native copper veins along the western lakes in the upper USA. In some places, it's as easy as digging down a few feet to find some stone arrowheads or fish hooks. Knapped my first stone knife with a bit of raw copper from the Upper Peninsula, so here's to keeping old traditions alive! If you ever do a video on the transition to early metal tools/mining methods, check it out. I'm extremely biased, but I think it's neat :D
This channel is an absolute gem and I'm so happy I stumbled across it, I am in love with your art style.
Please keep up the good work!
I can already tell that I'll be watching a lot of your videos. I've been wanting to world build, and workshop a Neolithic setting for a game. Now I have a consistent format for getting info? With fantastic art? Amazing!
This is a lovely video! I think it makes a really nice jumping off point for getting to know more about the lithic industry, and it's nice to have a fun little rundown of this topic since I think most people know barely anything about it. Also, your artstyle is fantastic, I love it a lot! I think I am going to stick around.
Finally! I can now understand and create stone tools!
It's really cool thinking about how many people lived their lives with these processes being some of the most important knowledge that their culture held. I can imagine all the children of a village crowding around one of the parents sitting next to a fire while they hear about the special technique they need to use if they're making an axe, which hits need to be harder or softer depending on what tool they're using as a striker, or how they should put the notches in to fasten a spearhead to its shaft. It would be magical to get to see people with the same brains that would one day invent rockets and computers putting their intelligence to use shaping stone.
This is one of my absolute favorite topics to talk/learn about and your art is so cute!
I'm glad I found your channel! I'm a Paleo/Neolithic enthusiast as well. Can't wait to see more!
This is my favourite kind of RUclips video
Thanks for making this amazing content
This is the first of your videos I've seen, didn't know what I was getting into, but I'm glad I stuck around!
Great video, the use of stone implements was one of the first and arguably most important innovations used by our Genus. Also flintknapping is just a joy, the feeling is truly primordial. Definitely would recommend it as a hobby.
Good storytelling and informative vid. love your art style.🇵🇭💙(love from phil)
I love this channel, ive always been interested in worldbuilding and world history, i cant wait for your comic, Imortal im very excited in learning more about it.
Thanks for sharing what you and your friend were able to find about the production of stone tools! I think its really interesting how most human cultures in the past incorporated the usage of stone tools until they were able to discover some other materials.
dude your vids are great, you put in so much effort and it really shows 👍👍
Just popped up in my recommended, and it was an absolutely delightful watch!
Having now gone through your videos I want to say it's inspiring and honestly a bit validating to find someone who loves to world build at such an indepth level. Thank you so much for sharing your work and thoughts! I think it's time I dust off my own ideas 😂
This is extremely cool and good! Your art and voicework are very cozy and this is a fascinating topic that is (to me at least) usually presented with exceptional dryness even by usual academic standards. It must have been a lot of work to do this research and put such a video together, so i hope you got a nice knap afterwards!
As a french speaker, I think you nailed "Façonnage" at 8:39, but you did use the english pronounciation for debitage (with a french accent tho lol)
Edit: 9:44 was almost perfect, you'd just need to pronounce the "a" with your tongue a bit more forward ( same spot as where I start ptronouncing the letter "I" for me ( ayy ))
Hey Hannah, flintknapping is a hobby of mine and I'm impressed with your research!
Very great, I’ve dabbled in knapping and am majoring in anthropology. Awesome to see all this info in one spot
I would not use this person as a source for how knapping works. There are many others out there who have better understanding of the craft works who you should look up.
I really loved having characters in this explanation, I hope we see more in future videos.
I'd love to see more videos of ancient/older Lithic history!! Maybe stuff on the ancient formation of villages, or the creation of different animal taming methods or agriculture!
this is so cool! you should do early metallurgy next :3
"Now the lithic industry is great to know about if you've got an interest in archeology, anthropology, the paleolithic period, stone tools, or the evolution of tools and weaponry in general."
You had me at lithic.
Edit: I was hoping you'd also cover the ground stone tools of the neolithic. Oh well.
This video is so interesting and the narration so clear! I specially love how the art humanizes early humans, doesn't downplay their intelligence or other traits that moder culture would associate with "civilized". It feels like window to the past and I'm amazed by it!
No idea how I got here but I am glad I did, such a wonderful video!
Im a new subscriber to the channel and dear gods youve been a great help. Ive been writing a stone age setting for a while and working with my dnd group and your videos have definitely helped in the inspiration process. Best of luck to you and the channel.
absolutely love ur art. Thanks for the great video!
Fantastic video! Early civilization and tech gets very little love but is so important to understanding how the fancier stuff happened later on down the line.
Such amazing quality for such a small account.
Happy I found you.
Oh look it’s the exact topic I’ve been looking into the past week that’s helpful
1. 7:56 the text repeated from the previous one(?
2. 17:18 come to think about it with how often they had to grip rocks directly their hands probably had a lot of calluses for better protection against friction
3. In most survival games for complexity they add more things to have in mind (heat, thirst, etc) OR more complex tools (tech or straight up magic), but with how much process lithic industry had I think it would be interesting having a survival game focus entirety in the stone age that still keeps the complexity (vintage story already have a crafting system that mixes with this) :v7
also since a great part of the interest comes from the handwork this could also mix with VR
Wonderful video; quaint.
Watching a random video on a caveman making stone tools before the sun is up is my idea of a good, if strange morning.
Also your art style is wonderful!
Thank you so much! This was a wonderful overview on such an interesting topic to explore for worldbuilding; and your art is fantastic too! I will make sure to check out the other videos on your channel ^^
I like your style and the algorithm like you rn, keep it up.
A small note is that aside from pressure flaking, most flake removal is done with a blunt object. My own hammerstone that I use for direct percussion is relatively round, and has become more rounded with a band of battering around most of it from use. Antler percussion is also typically done with the base of the antler with minimal reshaping of the antler because of the time needed to work antler. Bone flakers and antler tines are excellent pressure flakers. As for indirect percussion, everyone you ask seems to have a different method or tool to do it, and it can be a more pointed tip or a more blunt end.
Also important to note that aside from the bipolar technique, stone is typically struck close to the edge to remove flakes. The more you learn about it, the more you realize just how extremely complicated and difficult a technology it is to replicate and get good at. Our ancestors really were extremely intelligent to be able to make tools so well so consistently. Another thing that’s worth noting is that as skill and technology got better over the millennia, the best looking tools and the really big tools that would be totally impractical to actually use are more than likely people showing off their skill or making something as art and a source of personal pride and accomplishment.
Also, actually using stone tools to do things is INCREDIBLY time consuming compared to what we’re used to with modern tools. Metal tools are so much faster and more precise at accomplishing a lot of tasks that people do, so the intricacies and scale and precision of the work done with stone tools becomes that much more impressive.
Fantastic channel! Beautiful art style and lots of knowledge.
well worth the watch/listen her accent/voice is angelic
Omg I loved this, I'd love to see more informative videos like this one!
Yoo new Hannahsmth upload less gooi
I recently played Paleo with a couple of friends and am also a bit of a geology nerd so that’s a perfect video to me.
man I just love this all, thank you for beeing such a wourderfull person... you really make my day
THIS IS SO AWESOME I LOVE WORLDBUILDING AND NEANDERTHALS AND THE STONE AGE
HUMANITY ROCKS!!!!
Ok, interesting topic, only problem (not even a problem just maybe something for future), microphone sounds a little bit rough, but visual is just so lovely, thank you
Aweh. Cool to see more of these channels. Knowledge fountain overflowing.
This video is very well done👍
Good work, I had a class where they discussed this, and this is so much easier to understand
That's amazing to hear! I'm glad it helped out
God dang, someone into what I'm into!
This has unlocked something within me.
REALLY enjoyed this video!
Thanks so much for making it!
Love this sorta stuff!
Your comic 50k years ago video got us to sub.
This video got us to hit the bell ^^
Came for the Arts, stayed for the knowledge
awawaw!! love this style of video 💜
I always find it fascinating how the early humans had to use to survive. We certainly take for granted all of the advancements we have that was improved from the experiences of our ancestors. And even shows how behaviorwise, we're not so different from them.
Weirdly very specific that I found this video and this channel - Currently taking a paleolithics class in my BA of archaeology. Thank you!
I just Googled how to knapp a stone and then youtube recommends me this. Can't say i'm mad.
Yeah, I could live by doing this
Awesome. I love this. I just found out about this niche.
new favourite channel! keep it up!
I love rocks.