Imagining the Conquest of Mexico: Kevin Terraciano Explores the Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire
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- Опубликовано: 24 июл 2024
- This event occurred on March 12, 2014.
In the first part of this two-part lecture series at the Getty Research Institute, UCLA professor Kevin Terraciano explores how the Spanish Conquest of 16th-century Aztec Mexico was documented visually in books and prints, comparing the divergent Indigenous and Spanish accounts.
In conjunction with the exhibition “Connecting Seas: A Visual History of Discoveries and Encounters,” this lecture series documents how people have crossed seas to discover other cultures, from 16th-century Aztec Mexico to the 19th-century Belgian Congo. Internationally renowned scholars Kevin Terraciano and Adam Hochschild elucidate how historic moments of cultural encounter and colonial exploitation were captured visually in books, prints, and photographs. Learn more about the event series: www.getty.edu/research/exhibi...
Watch the second part of this series: • "Object of Plunder: Th...
"Connecting Seas" is on view at the Getty Research Institute from December 7, 2013, through April 13, 2014. www.getty.edu/research/exhibi...
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This is a very interesting talk. The whole "Conquest of Mexico" by Cortez would make an astounding movie.
This is what I've been thinking about, such an epic story. I can't believe there isn't a movie about already.
There was an old movie about it. Around the same time as all those westerns and other epics like Lawrence of Arabia and the classic Moses movie
So glad this video looks at both sides of history
And other sheep I have, which are not of this fold: them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one fold, and one shepherd.
Threw me right back into the presentation day at Urban Planning and Arch.
You are very fine teacher and I'm enjoying this so much I can't believe it's been so many years since you put this out that I'm just not hearing it but I'm an elder now so that's how it is but we're still alive here in Okmulgee Oklahoma we are Maya
Again mvto my friend for all your knowledge and truth
ty
Mvto from Okmulgee Nation.we are alive.
The Europeans And the mixed races particularly Mestizos that followed still today generally mistreat the Indios
That's putting it lightly.
Every single mexica mis trated the other kingdoms
@@jamesking1495 how did youtrated the native americans you sob
Unfortunate
Just like the Anglo Americans mistreat everyone that's not white. Hmm
Can someone summarize the main points of this video please?
1. "Plebeian" has stress on the second syllable, not the first.
2. You wrote "Conde de Montezuma" but said "Moctezuma." And his name was Motecuzoma anyway.
3. The best info we have suggests that Tenochtitlan did not have final stress.
4. Tlatelolco has THREE L's in it. Why do you repeatedly say "Tlateloco"?
Bit pedantic don't you think ?. I do.
Those who conquer must engineer a romanized version of history so the indigenous survivor's children will believe a Halcion version now taught to them in the Jesuits propaganda schools set up post-apocalypse.
I have come to see the difference from a school children's version of history that is G rated versus the accurate version of the XXX of massive genocides one after another with all its horrors the Spanish had mastered. If you chose the G rated version of world history taught in grade school all the way to graduate level you will indeed be beguiled. If the Governments told the truth most people would have a hard time loving its leadership thus we have a hero instead of a psychopath and megalomanic on a rampage of greed. When I discuss this with professors I am scoffed at as they seem to be the gate keeps to these narratives. The Rothchilds History Channel is for the family sitting in the living room on Thanksgiving with grandma and all the kids.
I think is time to reveal the XXX version of world history with all its unbridled Machivielian Pragmatism of the mercenaries of wealth and name them and their religion from Iraq that inspired them which towers over us today.
To the contrary, universities (anglofrench brainwashing institutions) tell the black legend about the Spanish Empire, which was the only Empire to mix with the natives and teach them their language and give the natives right, while they reach the pink leyend about anglo Empires, where they put natives in zoo cages, didn't mix with them, made them slaves or simply exterminated them.
Many natives allied with the Spanniards because they were sick of being trapped in the barbaric Aztec clusterf*ck. All of this is well documented but you have to dig to find it and learn spanish. I recommend the book "1942: España Contra Sus Fantasmas" by Pedro Insua.
@The_Jaguar_ Knight aztecs we’re fkin awesome tho?
@The_Jaguar_ Knight ye but u ain’t no eagle knight…
There was no genocide, and there was of course no genocide perpetrated by the state. This is an insult to history.
There were cruel acts, brutal conquests and forced labour...? Yes. The aztec and Incas empire Did the same to a similar or even greater extent, to the point there were literal structures made of humans bones and skulls in Tenochtitlan. Is that not genocide for you? Isn't a genocidal action when Atahualpa masacre thousands the cañaris and not only that, but also ordered their pregnant women to be murdered? All of it before he ordered the death of all the women and children of his brother, the rightful heir, who he later murdered?
Spain did good and bad things. Everybody knows about the conquest and the black slavery. Nobody knows about the laws of Burgos, the Controversy of Valladolid, the New Laws or the Laws of Indies, all of them made by the monarchy in order to protect the natives, and this is clear. By just picking some random articles and parts of the law, which of course you have not.
If you still think that Spaniards where able to come, conquer a region alone with an army of less than 1000 men, and rule if for over 300 years, more than the whole time the USA have existed, with little rebellions unlike the later 18/19th centuries, then you are a racist.
(In case you are from the USA (not "American") or from Canada, please stop protecting, because the bullshit your country has done through all its history is just incredible)
"Gemelli" is not pronounced "Jemeli" as if it were a French word.
More pedants.
Couldn’t make it last 10 minutes with the incessant um’s
Inca empire
1. You attribute information to a person; you do not attribute a person to information.
2. Codex is an English word. Its plural is codices, pronounced "cod-ih-seez." No point is saying "cohdeeseyce" as if the word were a Spanish borrowing.
3. Buenos aires is not pronounced identically in Spanish and in English (in the same way that "Argentina" is not). Bway-nuhs air-eez in English.
Shut up. If we wanted your opinion we would beat it out of you.
Codex is a Latin word, not english or spanish.
These copied drawings are good but whitewashed 🙄
The LORD will bring a nation against you from far away, from the ends of the earth, like an eagle swooping down, a nation whose language you will not understand,
If you are going to call yourself a scholar, professor, public speaker you must discipline yourself to speak without repeating those annoying speech habits. Um, um, um, I just couldn't listen to it.
AZTLAN IS MOUNT ARARAT WHERE HUMANITY RE-STARTED AFTER THE GREAT FLOOD...AS MENTIONED IN AZTEC AND BIBLE SOURCES!!
lmao
@J C Of course there are aztec sources, fifteen Códices at least, maybe a few more, other documents apart, but during the spanish period hundreds of códices were writen. Saying they are spanish works sounds stupid ignorance and sectarian opinion. It was a extraordinary job directed by spaniards but made by natives. All we know about history, customs, religion, plants, geography... of México, and is quite a lot, obviously much more than mexicans made, has been transmited thanks to those códices.
@J C Just an example:
Juan Carlos Talavera: Mitos sobre el saqueo. Los 14 códices precolombinos (Myths about looting. The 14 pre-Columbian codices} " Only one of the 14 pre-Hispanic codices that have survived to this day, made before the Conquest, is found in Mexico. The rest remain in the archives of Germany, England, the United States and the Vatican, recognizes the researcher Xavier Noguez, who publishes the first guide on the subject, under the title of Codices, within the Illustrated History of Mexico collection". Other researchers increase the list to even twenty.
" In an interview with Excelsior, the Mexican specialist details that there are several myths about the looting and destruction of pre-Hispanic codices. One of them is that this was not only carried out by the Spanish, but also by indigenous groups that controlled official history.
However, it is known that figures such as Marie Alexis Aubin, Alexander von Humboldt and Lorenzo Boturini - who was even imprisoned in New Spain for the illegal possession of these documents - smuggled codices to Europe during New Spain.
But an example of the devastation made by the indigenous people themselves was that of the Tlatoani Tenochca Itzcóatl, who decided to destroy a significant number of codices that spoke about the history of the Mexica pilgrimage and the founding of Tenochtitlán, in an ideological and political maneuver that allowed to make a single version of what had happened before his mandate.
However, the destruction of the Spanish can be easily deduced. Above all, the destruction that fray Diego de Landa carried out in Yucatan, which was terrible, because it is known that it involved the disappearance of piles of documents used by the Yucatecan Maya; or that of Fray Juan de Zumárraga, around 1538, who was very upset that idolatries had not been removed, particularly among the nobility ”.
On the other hand, hundreds of códices were written during the Spanish period recovering much lost knowledge, and adding others that would never be known without these codices.
@J C You got me.I rectify my tremendous mistake. I knew there were codices from different cultures or peoples, but I thought that some of them were Aztecs. But those were obviously made in the viceregal period.
I apologize and declare myself a perfectly ignorant stupid. And what else you want.
@J C I'm writing - or trying - a book on that topic from the vision of a mestizo, the new generation of a new era in those lands and I try to be as critical as possible. So I have some knowledge on the subject, even if I make mistakes like the one I make here.
I cannot agree with you as your criticism of the event does not seem impartial and objective due to certain prejudices and ignorance of many elements of the context. Obviously the Spaniards were not saints and they committed abuses and barbarities, but not the genocides and other crimes that black legend claims, nor were they worse than the Aztecs, Incas, or Europeans, Asians, etc. If we accuse the Spaniards of such crimes, so far not proven, tell me how we have to judge the Aztecs, Incas, Mayans..., or the English, French, Belgians, Germans, North Americans, and in this case I am not talking about the 16th century, but of the XIX or XX. Those times were like that, if the Mesoamericans were cannibals, the Europeans, apart from eating the body and drinking the blood of Christ, atavistic reminiscence taken by the Christianity of Mithraism, and this one knows God - never better said - from where, they did not eat human flesh but they did outrageous things like the ones you say. These facts must be judged from the perspective and historical context of their time, not ours, a mistake that many people often fall into.
In fact, and entering the conquest of New Spain, it is first necessary to go to the antecedents: Columbus believed he had reached Asia but, as we say in Spain, the discovery of America was a mistake. The next step, given that this was not Asia and there were no species to trade, but rather an unproductive and economically catastrophic Neolithic territory, was to find a passage between the two oceans in order to go to Asia. The expeditions carried out by the Spanish should be understood in this context , that of Cortés is one more. These expeditions, paid for by individuals, but always under the authorization and supervision of the Crown, were authorized only to rescue - trade - or populate. You are wrong when you say that Cortés acted illegally. Who was doing it was Diego Velázquez, certainly one of those criminals conquerors. The foundation of Veracruz was a masterful move with all the laws, as later recognized by the Crown supporting Cortés and dismissing Diego Velázquez. Cortés left Cuba with orders from Diego Velázquez to rescue only, but upon arriving in Veracruz they DECIDED - not only Cortés - to populate according to the laws, since Diego Velázquez's orders were illegal. Their objective was to trade and map the discovered lands - an obligation included in every expedition - as dictated by Diego Velázquez's orders, but secretly many expedition members wanted to populate, among other things to get rid of Velázquez's exploitative dominance. That is why Veracruz was founded.
At all times Cortés sought a peaceful relationship with the natives, as demonstrated from the first moment upon arrival on the island of Cozumel, but circumstances dictated other plans. The idea of Cortés as soon as he had a certain knowledge of the situation of those lands was to negotiate with Moctezuma, as Columbus would have negotiated with the Great Khan if he had arrived in China. Proof of this is that he left Cholula for Tenochtitlan with his small troop and an escort of Tlascalans, when they wanted to go en masse to wage war on the Mexicas. But things did not go according to Cortés's plan or the hopes of Moctezuma, who got on perfectly with Cortés. In fact, things were complicated by the religious intransigence of Cortés: if he had not turned the religious caste against him, it is most likely that Moctezuma would have continued as tlatoani with an expanded territory with the help of the Spaniards and Cortés would have remained as chief military man and representative of the Spanish Crown, Moctezuma's son-in-law as he was, etc.
As for the lies of the chroniclers ... there is anything, everything. The first thing to say is that from Columbus until Carlos III annulled the so-called Residency Trials there was no governor or important position that was not accused of the greatest atrocities. The Residency Trials obliged the public office to "fix his residence" for at least a month in the place where he had held the position pending all the grievances that anyone could report. This allowed anyone to launch any accusation, starting with who was pursuing the vacant position to all those harmed by the dismissed position. This allowed anybody to launch any accusation, starting with who was pursuing the vacant position to all those harmed by the dismissed position. These Residency Trials were an estimable breeding ground for apologists for the black legend. Secondly, it is necessary to distinguish the different reasons that moved the chroniclers to write in the first place, and to tell the truth or lie in the second place. You have to see who writes, why, to what extent they lie or tell the truth, the reason for what they say, which will usually be a political motive, masking another economic or other motive, etc.
The case that you quote from Bernal Díaz is very representative. After reading Gómara, Illescas, Jovio, De las Casas, etc. he decides to write his own story to refute all the lies of these people. He is an honest man who wants to vindicate the work of the ordinary conquerors, relegated or forgotten by the chroniclers, but who, after all, were the ones who took Cortés as far as he got, and on top of that they are going to be stripped of certain rights - as the encomienda - which they estimate corresponds to them. The case that you quote from the beating heart is not acceptable, that is nothing more than a well understandable literary exaggeration, and it still counts a few more. But outside of these "licenses" Bernal is one of the most sincere chroniclers, who does not hesitate to defend or attack Cortés or whoever is necessary.
Regarding the book that you recommend, I prefer above all to read the original sources, and I make the interpretations according to my own criteria. Something that I recommend you for a more objective and impartial view of the facts, because "historians" have the vice of writing more literature than history, giving partial, biased, distorted views ... as Bernal Díaz himself shows, for example. And that is what leads us to misconceptions.
Greetings
Again mvto my friend for all your knowledge and truth