(കുടുബ ജീവിതം) കൂറ്റമ്പാറ ഉസ്താദിന്റെ നല്ല രസകരമായ പ്രഭാഷണം

Kootampara usthad speech
The monopoly of overseas spice trade from Malabar Coast was safe with the West Asian shipping magnates of Kerala ports.[12] The Muslims were a major financial power to be reckoned with in the kingdoms of Kerala and had great political influence in the Hindu royal courts.[13][12] Travellers have recorded the considerably huge presence of Muslim merchants and settlements of sojourning traders in most of the ports of Kerala.[1] Immigration, intermarriage and missionary activity/conversion - secured by the common interest in the spice trade - helped in this development.[2][4]
Some of the important administrative positions in Kerala kingdoms, such as that of the port commissioner, were held by Muslims. The port commissioner, the "shah bandar", represented commercial interests of the Muslim merchants. In his account, Moroccan traveller Ibn Battutah mentions Shah Bandars in the ports of Calicut (Kozhikode) and Quilon (Kollam). The "nakhudas", merchant magnates owning ships, spread their shipping and trading business interests across the Indian Ocean.[4][2]
The arrival of the Portuguese explorers in the late 15th century checked the then well-established and wealthy Muslim community's progress.[14] As the Portuguese tried to establish monopoly in spice trade, bitter naval battles with the zamorin ruler of Calicut became a common sight.[15][16] The Portuguese naval forces attacked and looted the Muslim dominated port towns in the Kerala.[17][18] Ships containing trading goods were drowned, often along with the crew. This activities, in the long run, resulted in the Muslims losing control of the spice trade they had dominated for more than five hundred years. Historians note that in the post-Portuguese period, once-rich Muslim traders turned inland (southern interior Malabar) in search of alternative occupations to commerce.[14]
By the mid-18th century the majority of the Muslims of Kerala were landless labourers, poor fishermen and petty traders, and the community was in "a psychological retreat".[14] The community tried to reverse the trend during the Mysore invasion of Malabar District (late 18th century).[19] The victory of the English East India Company and princely Hindu confederacy in 1792 over the Kingdom of Mysore placed the Muslims once again in economical and cultural subjection.[14][20] The subsequent partisan rule of British authorities brought the land-less Muslim peasants of Malabar District into a condition of destitution, and this led to a series of uprisings (against the Hindu landlords and British administration). The series of violence eventually exploded as the Mappila Uprising (1921-22).[14][21][6][22] The Muslim material strength - along with modern education, theological reform, and active participation in democratic process - recovered slowly after the 1921-22 Uprising. The Muslim numbers in state and central government posts remained staggeringly low. The Muslim literacy rate was only 5% in 1931.[2]
A large number of Muslims of Kerala found extensive employment in the Persian Gulf countries in the following years (c. 1970s). This widespread participation in the "Gulf Rush" produced huge economic and social benefits for the community. Great influx funds from the earnings of the employed followed. Issues such as widespread poverty, unemployment and educational backwardness began to change.[1] The Muslims in Kerala are now considered as section of Indian Muslims marked by recovery, change and positive involvement in the modern world. Malayali Muslim women are now not reluctant to join professional vocations and assuming leadership roles.[2] University of Calicut, with the former Malabar District being its major catchment area, was established in 1968.[23] Calicut International Airport, currently the twelfth busiest airport in India, was inaugurated in 1988.[24][25] An Indian Institute of Management (IIM) was established at Kozhikode in 1996.[26]

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കൂറ്റൻപാറ ഉസ്താദിന്റെ ഈ രസകരമായ പ്രഭാഷണം ഇഷ്ട്ടപെട്ടവർ

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