India is Building its Own "sovereign AI". Here's Why | Vantage with Palki Sharma

Поделиться
HTML-код
  • Опубликовано: 15 сен 2024
  • India is Building its Own "sovereign AI". Here's Why | Vantage with Palki Sharma
    Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang says that every country needs to have its own artificial intelligence infrastructure in order to take advantage of the economic potential while protecting its own culture. India is already on that path. The country is looking to build its own sovereign AI. How will it happen? Palki Sharma tells you.
    ---
    India | Nvidia | AI Sovereignty | Firstpost | World News | Vantage | Palki Sharma
    #india #nvidia #ai #sovereignty #firstpost #vantageonfirstpost #palkisharma #worldnews
    Vantage is a ground-breaking news, opinions, and current affairs show from Firstpost. Catering to a global audience, Vantage covers the biggest news stories from a 360-degree perspective, giving viewers a chance to assess the impact of world events through a uniquely Indian lens.
    The show is anchored by Palki Sharma, Managing Editor, Firstpost.
    By breaking stereotypes, Vantage aims to challenge conventional wisdom and present an alternative view on global affairs, defying the norm and opening the door to new perspectives. The show goes beyond the headlines to uncover the hidden stories - making Vantage a destination for thought-provoking ideas.
    Vantage airs Monday to Friday at 9 PM IST on Firstpost across all leading platforms.

    Subscribe to Firstpost channel and press the bell icon to get notified when we go live.
    / @firstpost
    Follow Firstpost on Instagram:
    / firstpost
    Follow Firstpost on Facebook:
    / firstpostin
    Follow Firstpost on Twitter:
    / firstpost
    Follow Firstpost on WhatsApp:
    www.whatsapp.c...

Комментарии • 243

  • @aravinddnivara803
    @aravinddnivara803 7 месяцев назад +55

    It’s a matter of fact me Indian software ecosystem will catch up. We have the largest and best mathematics talent pool in the world.

    • @phillipchan6919
      @phillipchan6919 7 месяцев назад +8

      You will need more than mathematics to produce AI chips. You need clean room technology in India first.

    • @sunnysky4114
      @sunnysky4114 7 месяцев назад +9

      @@phillipchan6919 ye thats why indian's are leading in silicon valley!

    • @ritaawudey4451
      @ritaawudey4451 7 месяцев назад +8

      @@sunnysky4114are they ready to come home? The answer is NO!

    • @sunnysky4114
      @sunnysky4114 7 месяцев назад +1

      @@ritaawudey4451 ye for now I just replied to him as he was saying it like Indian’s can’t do it!

    • @phillipchan6919
      @phillipchan6919 7 месяцев назад +7

      @@sunnysky4114You can’t bring Silicone Valley Chip production technology to India. If they are this easy, China already beaten Nvidia in chip manufacturing. Nice dreams. 😂😂

  • @playhard719
    @playhard719 7 месяцев назад +91

    The fact the shovel seller encouraging everyone to go dig for their own gold might look like a noble thing but guess what he just wants to sell shovels to as many people as possible.

    • @israelbes7844
      @israelbes7844 7 месяцев назад

      The shovel seller providing good ideas that no one has asked for. He’s indeed more concerned than the people he is preaching to.😅

    • @Charvak-Atheist
      @Charvak-Atheist 7 месяцев назад +1

      Yes

    • @naturenurture84
      @naturenurture84 7 месяцев назад +3

      Note to self:Buy more Nvidia shares

    • @azadbhardwaj2250
      @azadbhardwaj2250 7 месяцев назад

      Awesome example

    • @dhirajgawande007
      @dhirajgawande007 7 месяцев назад

      😂😂

  • @AshokkumarTV-c8i
    @AshokkumarTV-c8i 7 месяцев назад +18

    PALKI MADAM I LIVE AT SRI AUROBINDO ASHRAM, PUDUCHERRY,INDIA.
    YOUR NEWS RELAY ALWAYS REVOLVES AROUND INTERESTING
    SUBJECTS.
    I WOKE up at 4 a.m. and am watching YOUR NEWS CHANNEL.

  • @IgniteIntellect
    @IgniteIntellect 7 месяцев назад +17

    Chip maker pushes for selling more chips. What a shocker

    • @phillipchan6919
      @phillipchan6919 7 месяцев назад

      US AI chips are sanctioned. It could not be sold to other countries. Only limited chips are available for sale.

    • @-rate6326
      @-rate6326 7 месяцев назад

      ​@@phillipchan6919 they blocked for china and Russia. They aren't blocked for whole world. You certainly are living under the rock

    • @laujack24
      @laujack24 7 месяцев назад

      @@phillipchan6919 they cant even produce enough for them self lol, tsmc is current the only company making these chips. and they r basically under control of the american

  • @orientalguy9462
    @orientalguy9462 7 месяцев назад +11

    AI and digital sovereignty can be achieved only when you have a strong central government in place and which has the will to localise things in the information technology sector.

    • @隠者たつみ
      @隠者たつみ 7 месяцев назад

      Which we have currently,India Today has a strong leadership

  • @BlockchainRealms
    @BlockchainRealms 7 месяцев назад +10

    I concur with Sam Altman's perspective on the rivalry between India's AI capabilities and ChatGPT. While the USA and Western countries have accumulated data for over 50 years, and their leading tech companies are rooted in their nations, it is possible for India to advance its AI development. However, surpassing ChatGPT's capabilities may be a challenging feat, given its current standing in the field.

    • @user-jn7bq8wh1e
      @user-jn7bq8wh1e 7 месяцев назад +8

      He point blank said India would fail...
      Let's give a slap to that kind of arrogance first...
      Chat gpt isn't all that... atleast presently
      Its responses are too politically correct and rooted in diplomacy and existing biased western narrative...
      We can build a better system than that imo...

  • @seanbellfort2298
    @seanbellfort2298 7 месяцев назад +10

    💪🇮🇳💪🕉️💪 Yes We Can. Yes We Will. No more getting colonized yet again. Jai Bharat.

    • @phillipchan6919
      @phillipchan6919 7 месяцев назад +4

      Delusional.

    • @manojramesh4598
      @manojramesh4598 6 месяцев назад +2

      @@phillipchan6919 our country is still not yet de colonised, our country is still at the hands of leaders not peoples, and our citizens believe whatever they say

    • @Aftermath-News
      @Aftermath-News 3 месяца назад

      India is a puppet of US,Israel and Russia. All 3 take turns controlling India for their own intrests.

  • @AnonymousAnonymous-dc3jm
    @AnonymousAnonymous-dc3jm 7 месяцев назад +18

    India has said they will build their own operating system like 2 decades ago, still now not seeing any India made OS in any computer sold in India.

    • @Covid_Liberation_Army
      @Covid_Liberation_Army 7 месяцев назад +3

      India has already made its BHARATGTP and Krutrim AI but still these are not being used. It will take more time to launch in market.

    • @Covid_Liberation_Army
      @Covid_Liberation_Army 7 месяцев назад +6

      And if you say about operating system then you should know about 'MAYA OS' which has been made by Indian government and now is operated by Indian military.

    • @JayeshPolkar
      @JayeshPolkar 7 месяцев назад

      ​@@Covid_Liberation_Armythank you for letting me know 😊

    • @peacelover2008
      @peacelover2008 7 месяцев назад +1

      Indian always said soon, but never happened, only bagging like you@@Covid_Liberation_Army

    • @maotsetung243
      @maotsetung243 7 месяцев назад

      ​@@Covid_Liberation_Armyindian ai won't serve any purpose as it's used as a vehicle for shortcut riches. I doubt indians are that technologically sound. indians are in tech because it provides jobs not because of interests.

  • @goyashy
    @goyashy 7 месяцев назад +3

    Well, in a recent interview he downplayed OpenAI's investment in building their own chips, hearing something else altogether here. Regardless, it's going to be an interesting space and 2024 is going to be a milestone year for AI.

  • @fijun1538
    @fijun1538 7 месяцев назад +4

    V imp topic

  • @saipranay3416
    @saipranay3416 7 месяцев назад +10

    Nvidia is going to get harsh beating from Wall Street for this 😅

    • @JinnahClaus
      @JinnahClaus 7 месяцев назад +5

      open AI with us govt investing $7 Trillion to make own chios to compete with nVidia
      they need new buyer

    • @swatteam2002
      @swatteam2002 7 месяцев назад

      silicon valley became a strong pillar

    • @ashwan_yadav
      @ashwan_yadav 7 месяцев назад +2

      ​@@JinnahClausBewkof bas invest karne ki baat kahi hai kiya nahi hai 7 trillion me wo bankrupt ho jayenge

  • @Indian_Rajput
    @Indian_Rajput 7 месяцев назад +3

    India should first make Sovereign Search Engine okay, Google is unsafe for India. I hope Ambani Adani or Tata anyone come into app development field, We are clearly losing from America & Chin

    • @cyborg029.
      @cyborg029. 7 месяцев назад

      ​@adolft_officialcope boy cope

  • @chittisandy1987
    @chittisandy1987 7 месяцев назад +1

    This is actually after openai ceo trying to launch a chip industry, so why not people launch their own ai with their chips

  • @anilbillawa1653
    @anilbillawa1653 7 месяцев назад +4

    Sovereign Social Media for India is difficult but not impossible

  • @gowthamanjaiganesh3210
    @gowthamanjaiganesh3210 7 месяцев назад

    India should invest in AI and build its own chatgpt and many Ai related applications and create a Upi style revolution in AI and use it for Global South.

  • @matthewmark7224
    @matthewmark7224 7 месяцев назад +1

    he didn't say it was impossible the way she said it; he said it would require more money for it to be possible.

    • @arunmishra3691
      @arunmishra3691 5 месяцев назад

      she is a dog! VERY VERY biased reporting

  • @KittyNinjas
    @KittyNinjas 7 месяцев назад +2

    ChatGPT-3 or even v4 still haven't been able to solve lottery prediction, say 7/50. This randomness requires millions of datasets of historical draw history to lat out more precise predictive patterns. If they could solve this, then, they can use this to solve genes expressions which are trillions of combinations. Despite all the hypes, we are still very much far away. This is why autonomous driving isn't perfected yet because humans' reactions and external influences including weather add on extreme complexities in microscopic level. Not only the world needs to share data but they have to find ways to integrate data to make it work efficiently and safely without compromise - this is the immediate challenge humanity must solve in order to have the next advanced AI computing. For now, we have chicken scratches but it's better than nothing!!! Let's hope for the best!

  • @MasterKalki
    @MasterKalki 7 месяцев назад +2

    What about regional sovereign chips ???
    Nvidia : Nah Nah that's not cool

    • @swatteam2002
      @swatteam2002 7 месяцев назад

      yep they have the right! why not!

  • @user-hq8wm8giyujcg
    @user-hq8wm8giyujcg 7 месяцев назад +2

    we want our own social media also

  • @sciencetoday3629
    @sciencetoday3629 7 месяцев назад +1

    Nvidia CEO - sovereign AI is a necessity
    also Nvidia CEO - We will sell you Cards , and make huge profit .

    • @cvampaul
      @cvampaul 7 месяцев назад +1

      What else do you expect them to do?
      Besides that, do they make profit without any work?

  • @deeptobhattacharyya3249
    @deeptobhattacharyya3249 7 месяцев назад +1

    AI needs to be open source and easy to critique as much as possible, AI is the only thing we cant allow to lose democracy. NVIDIA just wants to sell GPU.

  • @abhishekkaushik8868
    @abhishekkaushik8868 7 месяцев назад +1

    He is absolutely right and logical...

  • @jarrodyuki7081
    @jarrodyuki7081 7 месяцев назад

    india needs a 1. one party state 2 keiretsu system 3. strategic reallocation of resources and 4. the asian devlopment model.

  • @novemberalpha6023
    @novemberalpha6023 7 месяцев назад

    I don't know what kind weapons will be used in WWIV but WWV will be fought with AI & ML.

  • @driasalta4834
    @driasalta4834 7 месяцев назад

    This Reminds me of a comic called supergod, good read.

  • @ManifestWistful
    @ManifestWistful 7 месяцев назад

    Any thing on a network, How can you imagine it to be safe 👀

  • @Vivekkumar-by123
    @Vivekkumar-by123 7 месяцев назад

    Where is sovereign training platform

  • @x_man007
    @x_man007 7 месяцев назад

    It's part of selling more chips I m sure prices will crash by next 2-3 years see the billions of investment & subsidy in chip factories

  • @lavieenrose7913
    @lavieenrose7913 7 месяцев назад +2

    Indian Guru, Nithyananda, said AI can be made from the deep water of Ganga Mati ..... I think India can try that first .

    • @nshenoy
      @nshenoy 7 месяцев назад +1

      FYI, AI that west uses is mostly developed by Indians already. Go check how many Indians are working in NVIDIA or the top fortune companies

    • @YouCantHandleTheTruth.
      @YouCantHandleTheTruth. 7 месяцев назад +3

      @@nshenoy _"FYI, AI that west uses is mostly developed by Indians already. Go check how many Indians are working in NVIDIA or the top fortune companies"_
      BULLSHYTE! You guys have developed nothing other than trying to plagiarize and claimed all things to be yours. If so then why don't you (India) has anything developed and leading the world, or at least publicly traded in major indices such as the S&P 500, Dow, NASDAQ etc??? We hire you guys for 'cheap-labor' that even Iranian, Japanese, Chinese, Israeli scientists refuses to do. But ungrateful as it is, India tries to claim EVERYTHING as theirs but with absolutely NOTHING to proof nor show for. It's about time you stop deluding, I know this will never happen, but at least try.

    • @phillipchan6919
      @phillipchan6919 7 месяцев назад

      Delusions again. Most Indians don’t understand what clean room technology is.

    • @bruch-TB
      @bruch-TB 7 месяцев назад +1

      @@nshenoy They are just screws. You know what I mean. Global call centers are all made in India. After a while, they will call you to tell you about your credit card balance.

    • @vhrui904
      @vhrui904 7 месяцев назад +1

      HUNGERINDEX111😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

  • @a2zwhy
    @a2zwhy 6 месяцев назад

    Competing With US Tech Giants Sounds Good, But Don't Play the Game Like you are doing in the Crypto Industry. Build Better Products So All Indians Can Switch to Home Grown Products. Blocking Others is not a healthy competition.

  • @arunmishra3691
    @arunmishra3691 5 месяцев назад

    NVIDEA's ceo photo on "AI" says a lot about her preparation in this field. HE SELL CHIPSSSSSSS AND THATS ITTTTT

  • @ghanvedsingh8946
    @ghanvedsingh8946 7 месяцев назад

    Good morning madam•for that we have to make our own what s app and Facebook versions along with world wide navigation systems and satellite based mobile phone system to gather information through out the globe from 4:36

  • @durgesh1127
    @durgesh1127 7 месяцев назад

    at 3:11 that is not rajeev chandrashekhar , its ashwini yadav railways minister

  • @pauldannelachica2388
    @pauldannelachica2388 7 месяцев назад

    ❤❤❤❤❤

  • @shankarv3225
    @shankarv3225 7 месяцев назад

    This is it. We are now block chained by the government. This is a permanent fix for all classes. Watch a film called "In Time"

    • @shankarv3225
      @shankarv3225 7 месяцев назад

      We are heading to become china. WeChat locked

  • @irvenkapata2110
    @irvenkapata2110 7 месяцев назад +2

    pantheon is coming to life.

  • @sundarrajan581
    @sundarrajan581 7 месяцев назад

    More than sovereign AI, I'm interested in universal AGI. I hope our government will let that happen soon

    • @seeingisbelieving8519
      @seeingisbelieving8519 6 месяцев назад

      lol does India even know how to do it right???

    • @sundarrajan581
      @sundarrajan581 6 месяцев назад +1

      @@seeingisbelieving8519 A lot of people coding these AIs in the US and other parts of the world are Indians or Indian Origins. CEO of google, microsoft, perplexity and many more.

  • @abhijitsen3143
    @abhijitsen3143 7 месяцев назад

    Modi ha to sab mumkin ha....even sovereign AI

  • @Charvak-Atheist
    @Charvak-Atheist 7 месяцев назад

    I want more clarity on this Sovereign AI thing.
    Is government really traning a model ?
    If yes, then how much GPUs they have bought ?
    What kind of architecture they are using etc ?
    If not, then whats the point in just talking.

    • @suyashsrivastava9665
      @suyashsrivastava9665 7 месяцев назад

      Government has already been using sovereign AI's since longtime. Just not for social issues and public usage but for air defence systems and Aerospace projects.

  • @srinip
    @srinip 7 месяцев назад

    Color me confused, but how can you control AI? Once we get to the AGI stage, all bets are off - what does AI care about sovereignty? And, oh, by the way, it's not pronounced "soveren-I-Ity" - there is no "I" between the "n" and the "t". Palki should know better.

  • @davidnguyen3363
    @davidnguyen3363 7 месяцев назад +1

    If making Chip was that easy.

    • @phillipchan6919
      @phillipchan6919 7 месяцев назад +1

      India think it is easy as chopping potatoes. 😂😂😂

  • @Tariqahmad311Mohan
    @Tariqahmad311Mohan 7 месяцев назад +2

    So many post in a day how you managed this all

  • @vivekar6289
    @vivekar6289 7 месяцев назад

    We can prove him wrong..yeah but AI is scary

  • @SaurabhOKumar
    @SaurabhOKumar 7 месяцев назад

    Then they will copyright and own your entire character and experiment with it without you even knowing about it... You become data as a whole!!!

  • @asitdebnath
    @asitdebnath 7 месяцев назад

    What will 8.2 billion people do?

  • @asitdebnath
    @asitdebnath 7 месяцев назад

    It's time Satya Nadela/Sundar Pichai type people are Central Minister rather than the Palturams/Lalus/Family dynasties.

  • @pranjanandasaraswati-sc2sv
    @pranjanandasaraswati-sc2sv 7 месяцев назад

    He never said India is doing it

  • @sarthakghule5017
    @sarthakghule5017 7 месяцев назад

    Be Ready Bharat Artificial super Intelligence will imerged soon in India 🇮🇳 be ready

  • @Noob-uk4np
    @Noob-uk4np 7 месяцев назад

    But remember to buy only Nvidia's Graphics cards.

  • @abhilashv2014
    @abhilashv2014 7 месяцев назад

    This problem government solve and call the dreamer . And Nvidia is a trillion nair just government talk to they a big investment 100 b above try it . We only spending words not money. A vishanary person talk and Nvidia investment need in Indian chip field

  • @cynic.clinically
    @cynic.clinically 7 месяцев назад

    We don’t need to prove anyone who we are we just should have full technology advancement then we should showcase it proudly like wakanda 😅 , but this conversations will never have a end , if we living each other in this poking environment

  • @CodeFuture
    @CodeFuture 7 месяцев назад

    He is simply trying to sell his chips😀

  • @ceckoangelov7449
    @ceckoangelov7449 5 месяцев назад

    Nowadays all have been stolen by this AI's except your thoughts you can encounter hundreds of situations with applications and platforms.

  • @comchadelalora
    @comchadelalora 7 месяцев назад

    India, better come down to earth and start realizing you are almost surrounded by Pakistan and the PRC....
    When something happens: who you gonna call😂😂??

  • @PseudoProphet
    @PseudoProphet 7 месяцев назад +1

    The only reason why China has Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent and Tik-Tok while india doesn't is because China banned western social media while India didn't. 😢😢

  • @boss-of5ci
    @boss-of5ci 7 месяцев назад

    Google got the most data to put in their AI openai in chatgpt took from different places and got sued for using someones personal data and and here we have no data to feed to our AI 😂😂😂. We should buy facebook instas data from Zuckerberg with fair money

  • @Servant_of_1111
    @Servant_of_1111 7 месяцев назад

    Challenge taken with play 🐈🥰🙏🔱

  • @Anon-zq5bo
    @Anon-zq5bo 7 месяцев назад +1

    more layoffs

  • @wilperokumu1993
    @wilperokumu1993 7 месяцев назад

    Russia is building sovereign internet

  • @user-fd2bx3gl8w
    @user-fd2bx3gl8w 7 месяцев назад +1

    Ai appcalypse 😅

  • @maotsetung243
    @maotsetung243 7 месяцев назад

    i lost hope in our technology after seeing our indian robots.
    robots of boston dynamics can sit jump run fight walk and do everything. our robots where are they.

    • @Charvak-Atheist
      @Charvak-Atheist 7 месяцев назад

      Nah,
      Bot like Optimus, 1x, Figure AI, will be better than Boston Dynamics.
      Boston Dynamics are programmed on rule based algorithms on most parts,
      While others are based on Neural Network.
      Therefore it will become far better and can be deployed fast as compared to Boston Dynamics.

  • @sourabhbhattacharya3411
    @sourabhbhattacharya3411 7 месяцев назад

    Biggest oxymoronic statement...

  • @FunNFury
    @FunNFury 7 месяцев назад

    more layoffs incoming

  • @PatrickMwitende
    @PatrickMwitende 7 месяцев назад +1

    at least today you speak something positive about China

    • @vinod_kumar_28
      @vinod_kumar_28 7 месяцев назад +3

      West speak negative about China everyday

    • @GODdank
      @GODdank 7 месяцев назад

      Just like china speaks negative of india so will we deal with it.

  • @phillipchan6919
    @phillipchan6919 7 месяцев назад +1

    AI is impossible for India because they don’t have NVIDIA chips from the US market. 👍 Sam Altman is absolutely right again, impossible for India.

    • @manofsan
      @manofsan 7 месяцев назад +2

      Sam Altman is not willing to settle for Nvidia chips. If you see the latest headlines, he's now calling for a totally new chip industry which will make chips that are primarily specialized for doing AI processing as their primary goal.

    • @phillipchan6919
      @phillipchan6919 7 месяцев назад

      @@manofsan Nvidia is the best available on the market today. I can’t live in the past nor predict the future from a crystal ball. So, I will take the best available on the market today.

    • @-rate6326
      @-rate6326 7 месяцев назад

      What's stopping India from buying nvidia GPU?
      Well someone is stopping china from buying. Buying alone won't do anything. Peoples can just buy them online and use them remotely. China is doing it.
      Nvidia's ceo wants to increase market size.

    • @phillipchan6919
      @phillipchan6919 7 месяцев назад

      @@-rate6326 If India can get them, Russia can get them. If Russia can get them, China can get them. NVIDIA is selling Limited Processor chips to China only.

  • @thetickerguy
    @thetickerguy 7 месяцев назад

    Nvidia stick is going higher and higher. Where it stops, nobody knows.

  • @xmkl38
    @xmkl38 7 месяцев назад +1

    Endian talk a lot, but achieve very little. 😂

    • @YouCantHandleTheTruth.
      @YouCantHandleTheTruth. 7 месяцев назад +5

      Talk and lie. Oh and then also _blame_ others if things don't work out.

  • @hpw-ws6bj
    @hpw-ws6bj 7 месяцев назад +2

    That's why china is a superpower and india is not. 😂😂😂

  • @phillipchan6919
    @phillipchan6919 7 месяцев назад +3

    Impossible for India. Other nations are build AI technology while India is fighting farmers protests.

    • @swatteam2002
      @swatteam2002 7 месяцев назад

      its the mentality of the indian himself

    • @shilpashetty5493
      @shilpashetty5493 7 месяцев назад +3

      Even France have framer protest and India already have ai 😂😂😂

    • @phillipchan6919
      @phillipchan6919 7 месяцев назад

      @@shilpashetty5493 France is a very small country compared to India. 😂😂😂. India shouldn’t be proud to follow France. 👍

    • @Human_01
      @Human_01 7 месяцев назад +1

      Fortunately, you are DEAD WRONG!

  • @divyamsingh579
    @divyamsingh579 7 месяцев назад +3

    Indians are busy in religious debates😢😢

    • @phillipchan6919
      @phillipchan6919 7 месяцев назад +1

      True. India puts money to build temple, where as, U.S. and China put money building high technologies.

  • @DonaldYoung-pn7tc
    @DonaldYoung-pn7tc 7 месяцев назад +3

    ha ha india already has their very own 'sovereign slums' to showcase their country

  • @ValsanBenson
    @ValsanBenson 7 месяцев назад +1

    Palki. making a RUclips video and creating AI framework are different. AI needs hard and smart work instead of just lying on social media.

  • @vhrui904
    @vhrui904 7 месяцев назад

    HUNGERINDEX111😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

  • @diuleisin
    @diuleisin 7 месяцев назад +2

    If you could just talk your way to success, you'd rule the universe long time ago😂😂😂

    • @Ajay-vf6di
      @Ajay-vf6di 7 месяцев назад

      China and Pakistan are best examples.
      One is fake, another is delusional. 😂

  • @jarrodyuki7081
    @jarrodyuki7081 7 месяцев назад +1

    india needs a 1. one party state 2 keiretsu system 3. strategic reallocation of resources and 4. the asian devlopment model.