Isaac, I wanted to tell you that your speech (as you mentioned, since the earlier episodes) is making huge improvements. From your accelerated academic career, military service, and now as a great champion of science accurate/fiction content, you are one of my personal heros. Your work brings thought provoking joy to thousands upon thousands of people. Never stop!
Thanks JD! Yeah I was making some improvement on my own just from making the episodes, that's actually what convinced me to give speech therapy another go, very time consuming but it's helped a lot.
Absolutely, strengthening those neural connections through repetition is key. They will continue to strengthen bias one way or another. Even if it's time consuming. Even if some days you want to give up. To that i'd say, "Tis more noble to consume time with one's efforts than to let time consume one's efforts." We're all cheering for you. PS. Patreon subscribed.
I think it adds to the narrative, it's what made me listen to the first video as I found these topics too geeky but the voice made me stick and now I live this content and channel.
Discovery cannot wrap their minds around topics like this without comparing things to football fields, and apples. Discovery is for children, Isaac for the adults...
I always viewed that as when the Borg kindly convince the Federation senate to build warships for the war against the Dominion. The senate develop Archers fetish for Vulcans to such a degree that they forgot other people have guns too 🤣
That you’re able to produce such high-quality, thought provoking content at the rate at which do is astounding. Thank you for taking the time to make these wonderful videos for us.
Mark Gast Some do, yes. But I tend to treat each video as a mental guide into the possibilities I never considered. The possibilities are endless, so it’s cool to learn how creative (or simple) they can get.
"Someone just stopped by one day to plant a flag that happened to have some bacteria on it, and things evolved from there to complex life." That reminds me of the last chapter in the movie Allegro non Troppo, set to the music of Ravel's Bolero, which starts with someone on a space ship tossing away a Coke bottle just before the ship leaves, and we then see life evolve to ever more complex forms starting with the Coke residue left in that bottle. ^_^
I consider coca cola to be poison... And have a hard time imagining anything living, evolving from its residue. More likely life evolved from traces of saliva.
Wait, you said that once humanity entered type 2, then Earth as a purpose of general and colonization would reach its expiration date and that it would be purposeless for us to keep earth as a general and settlement purposes and move the planet to more preservation/museum purpose.
I've just found this channel and I'm in love with it after ONE episode. Very well produced and well narrated. I honestly didn't know you had a speech impediment, I thought it might be a regional dialect. I certainly didn't have any problems understanding anything. Well done, you should be proud.
I'm subscribed to ~150 channels, but this is BY FAR the most educational, entertaining and mind-blowing. Hope u'll get much more subscribers, u deserve them
Isaac, I truly love your channel and the way you present the most relevant yet far future problems, I have been with your channel for over a year and have never seen a video I didn't enjoy. You make every Thursday special and fun, happy Arthursday everyone!
@Dragon born Or even our pettiest differences. People'll persecute or kill others even over the color of our shoelaces if that's the only difference among a group of people.
Recent subscriber here. Been binging a lot of your older videos and happy to finally catch a recent one. While some of the content I found dry with the lengthy explainations of why something wouldn't work in reality, I thoroughly enjoy the massive amount of interesting discussion as well as being educated on what's more plausible in the future than typical sci-fi tells me (as a layman). Very great content.
Cokemonster I wish their was a word to describe the jealousy someone has for someone who gets to experience something for the first time. The Germans probably have one.
It's very important to discuss why things won't happen in detail. It's impossible to prove that something is impossible, and the next best thing is trying very hard to figure out how it could happen, and fail. To get the best possible view of the future we have to go through this process. For me none of the episodes felt dry, but some were a little dense and hard to follow, so I had to watch them several times to fully understand. But fortunately episodes are getting far more easier to follow, as they cover narrower topics in greater detail.
+Haden Wong "the jealousy someone has for someone who gets to experience something for the first time" Yeah... for me a big one is people who can remember their first time seeing snow, or walking on a frozen lake. I guess ultimately i'm happy i grew up in a place with cold enough winters (great childhood memories of snow and ice), but there's something about imagining being introduced to snow later... i'm sure it's got to be a magical moment. If you find a german word for that let me know
I can't believe you are still only at 220k subscribers. Your videos are so amazing, so accurate, and mind blowing. There is no other science/space channel that even comes close to rivaling yours. Judging by the quality of your content, you deserve well over a million subs.
There aren't many intelligent people on youtube. They'd rather see people lighting their farts on fire, giving each other wedgies or playing paintball nude then something this advanced and amazing.
I LOVE your channel your content always pushes me into deep thought and feel more responsibility about my future to give more to humanity to make this world a better place because i know humans are capable of greateness.
His videos have the exact opposite effect on me... Makes me realise just how insignificant and unimportant we are in the grand scheme of things..... we are nothing (But I do Love the Channel)
+Tamás Viola +fulanitoflyer "humans are capable of greatness" "we are nothing" Recall Carl Sagan's quote 'We are made of Star Stuff . . . We are how the Universe will come to know itself".
Isaac i love your Channel it gives me hope. when i work full days hard work i can come and replay or watch new videos at your Channel thanks for filling this void
"His toment", lol, the guy hardly seemed to mind being paralyzed, that never stopped him doing anything. If he was tormented, he certainly didn't show it.
Happily found your channel a couple of weeks ago going through Kardashev Scale and Fermi Paradox related videos. Rarely do I find someone as positively pedantic, thorough and professional, resonating word for word with how I see things and with such pragmatic optimism and hope for the future. I am by no means as literate or fluent in terms of the mathematics, chemistry and physics with which you so excellently discuss matters, yet what I am saying is that listening to you at length for a good long while, is comforting in knowing someone thinks about these things in such an intensity and passion as I do, if not more so. That is refreshing and I love seeing passion in others over science, theoretical and philosophical journeys and naval gazing as a species. While my background is being trained as a Palaeontologist, an Earth and Evolutionary scientist, with a passion for all things historical, prehistoric and evolutionary, my interests range far and wide across Deep Time and Deep Space. Philosophy, Geography, Architecture, Science Fiction and Fantasy draw my gaze often. My mind, while often preoccupied with thoughts of the arcane past and long bygone beauty and glory of times millions or billions of years before, and the plethora of implications resultant of the knowledge of aspects of that past, is always looking into the future at the same time. Hearing the genuine and heartfelt words you took time to articulate and detail with substantial research put into everything you do, is sincerely impressive. In short, you're on my wavelength and you've got good tunes. Subscribed.
Great episode as always Issac. I've got to admit I've always thought the people who would be left on Earth as we move out into the galaxy would be the have-nots who didn't have a way to leave. I never considered the idea of hidebound immortals being the ones who stayed behind.
I really love your work. You're a great communicator, and it is hard to see someone putting as much effort as you do in the production, script and previous searching. I wanna thank you for what you do, for give me the hope of a nice future and make me believe at leat just a little bit in mankind. Thanks, Isaac
A brilliant episode! Thanks so much for the literary references as some of them are new to me and I still love sci-fi books! Micro black holes would evaporate quickly through Hawking radiation - but given the time spans you were talking about, I'm sure that there would be a technological solution. What keeps me going these days is a deep sense of wonder about the universe I find myself in. Thanks Isaac for helping to keep that wonder alive.
Perfect, just what I wanted for my birthday! Thank you Issac. I loved this episode despite: Title being Dying Earth, published on my birthday and the recent death of Hawking.
Jack Vance is an important inspiration for me. I first heard of the Dying Earth through my D&D roots, listened to the 25 disc audiobook tribute Songs of the Dying Earth, finally bought and read the entire Dying Earth collection, then went on to read a lot more from Vance. He's got a great way with humor and somberness mixed in interesting ways. He was a true grandmaster of the art.
Our universe will eventually run down, entropy will make sure of that, but do you think we might one day be able to initiate new Big Bangs and move into the universes they create, and then do the same once those universes run down, and so on for eternity? Is that something the laws of physics as we undestand them would even permit?
I hope so. A truly ancient civilization. Yes we will evolve change genetically. Even might become completely digital. If we keep our genetic history on file. A complete record of all our knowledge. That would be a big deal. We could eventually rebuild our species at any stage of evolution. Long live humanity.
3:10 I honestly don't even notice your speech impediment at all anymore.. I actually forgot about it completely until you said that. So to anyone who finds Isaac hard to understand, you will get used to his speech very quickly, and you will be so very glad that you did.. definitely my favorite RUclips channel of all time, keep up the amazing work my friend!
I have been wondering for a while now if is actually possible to prolong the Suns life as you suggest here and in the starlifting episode. The reason for my pondering of that issue is that the red dwarves can live as long as they can because they have total complete convection in them so they can use all their hydrogen mass as fuel, whereas the Sun will burn out faster because it will not be able to use but a fraction of its hydrogen before it goes red giant. So you would have to make a very serious dent in the Suns mass to enable it to get that allcompassing convection that would allow it to burn all of its hydrogen. And you would have to seriously alter the composition of its layers to achieve an ability for it to be able to use hydrogen from its convective zone in the fusion processes in the core, let alone hydrogen that was fed to it. No doubt that siphoning helium and metals from its convective zone would prolong its life, perhaps even substantially (some billions of years perhaps) but to give it a red-dwarf-lifespan seems impossible to me unless you reduce its mass to near red dwarf-size. Which leads to another consideration: how would the Sun react if and when it was reduced to such a size? How would it react when it goes from a layered structure to a non-layered fully convective structure? Obviously astrophysics gives us no clues since such a process does not happen in nature. It would be uncharted territory indeed. Thoughts? /Mads, Copenhagen, Denmark Ps: And thanks for a wonderful channel with mindblowing optimistic content, I have been addicted since I discovered it. Ps.Ps. And let´s have a minute of silence in commemoration af the late Stephen Hawkings.
I just want to point out that the mass reduction scenario has indeed played out in nature. Every once in while a star has the unfortunate luck to find itself in the "close" proximity to a black hole that is slowly stripping away the stars outer atmosphere. I haven't heard about any observations of drastic events linked to this setup. The lack of evidence is not proof of anything, though it is highly suggestive. So here is my guess, as the mass decreases, the convective zone of the star will slowly grow towards the center. The heavier elements that have built up in the core will slowly diffuse in to the outer layers as the material in the core gradually becomes more "mobile". In time we will end up with a star that is indistinguishable from one that was born a red dwarf. But that is just my uneducated guess, if you know of any information or have any good argument that would discredit my hypothesis I would love to know. ;) /Greetings from Sweden
Twirlip Of The Mists It was an Issac Asimov reference, in one of his short stories, The Last Question, humans throughout history ask increasingly powerful computers if entropy can be reversed, to which they always respond "THERE IS AS YET INSUFFICENT DATA FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWER".
Mads Hagen, No need to worry about the Sun losing it's hydrogen. It will be ringed with the star lifting engines and a Dyson swarm. The hydrogen can be dropped back in whenever people feel the need for more solar output. Bluedwarfs have not had time to evolve naturally. The astrophysics theory exists.
This stuff is great. When I was a kid, I would go right to the science fiction section of the book store every time I went to the mall. These videos of Arthur Isaac's have rekindled my interest in the far future.
Isaac, interesting that you note your speech impediment improving. It is true. I had noticed as well. It is as if your videos are your own therapy. Love the Channel. Look forward to every video.
Isaac, thank you so much for all the work you do on this channel and the amazing videos you released. I find them riveting to listen to and think about!
Lovable video Isaac. "The real end of time, when the only possible life is that wich literally forms out of random chaos." AMAZING insight. Also that final bit was STRONG.
The death of Stephen Hawking made me think about how important it is to show our appreciation to the people that influence our lives in a positive way before it's too late, so here we go. Your videos have become a weekly ritual for me that makes me think and gives me hope for the future of humanity. Thank you for the many hours you put into these videos and for distributing them free, you really make a positive difference in my life. Happy Arthursday everybody! :)
I was just thinking that the background music sounds familiar! Which, come to think of it, is perfect for his videos. The Forevers and entire Ayreon story could almost be a Fermi Paradox video on its own since I'm not sure if he's covered that specific scenario. Of the 3 civilizations featured, two hit different great barriers and one is too scared and demotivated to venture past their own planet.
Hi Isaac. I just want to say you changed my life. I'm a sci-fi writer and you videos are the must epic, consistent source of information that exist on the web. Combined with basic concepts videos (ex: what's Jupiter), you provide infinity material for a powerful endless serie of novels (and entertainments during my snacks, of course). I'm sure you have a huge impact with your teachings and I need to say THANK YOU VERY MUCH. You're my hero and mentor.
I could see Earth becoming a relic-world where each colony sends something representative of their colony to Earth as a monument to their founding. That way Earth would be a place to go to find out more about far away colonies and what their way of life is like.
The only reason they are considered metals is because of their relative abundance. Helium and Hydrogen compose about 98% of our galaxy’s matter. Oxygen and carbon are next at around 1.5% , while heavier elements past carbon compose less than 1%. The ubiquitous hydrogen and helium is what astronmers expect, so heavier elements which include nonmetals as well as metals are just lumped into one category. Oddly enough, even Hydrogen and Helium under pressure in the cores of giant gas planets can be considered metallic to astronomers . So it’s all relative.
Hey Isaac, i really like your videos, and i would like to request a video about how you would dissasemble planets, and how you would build your megastructures. Thanks for taking the time to read this!
In the unlikely event that you're reading this Hollywood.....you're doing it wrong, ^ that over there is excellent material to turn in to quality movies, not recycling ghostbusters or marvel comics.
A close family member of mine is a screenwriter (like, he is successful doing it and makes around $300k a year writing) ... and I can tell you that, unfortunately, that's not really how it works. There is a structure to story. Kind of a formula
In the end, the film industry is a business. People have to invest in projects. And they like to invest in things that have worked before. That said, Isaac should totally have a TV show
6 лет назад+3
Give me a channel dedicated to stuff like this and I'd happily pay for it despite having not a lot of money.
EastofEden Of course stories have structures, but that doesn't mean recycling is the only option, there's infinite amount of flexibility in the details. The problem with "what worked before" is that repetition gets boring very fast. So copying a successful story is just as risky as trying something new. Also what they don't seem to understand is that the plot is the least important part of a story. By far the most important part is the characters, then comes the setting, and the plot is last. In case of a movie visual effects can be part of the setting, but their only job is to bring the setting into life, nothing else. That for example is the reason why the original Ghost Busters is a classic, and the new was a flop. Same plot, same setting, different characters. Repetition didn't help either. The content on this channel is a gold mine for writers. It's all new, almost never been explored in fiction, mind blowing on many levels, and the vast time scales and sizes provide infinite possibilities. Just imagine how much history and mystery a quadrillion year old K3 civilization would have.
When the last stars burn out, and the universe becomes really cold, the age of biological life will be no more. We would be a post-biological civilization. Alternatively, since we are talking about cosmic timescales, it's not hard to imagine that we figured out how to travel to alternate existing universes or stranger still: figured out how to make our own.
About the soundtrack: I’m glad to see you are experimenting, but I’m not sure Rock/Metal is the best fit for your videos (and this is coming from a long-time Metalhead). The music seems to distract from the narration, especially when it has lyrics. If you still want to tinker around, maybe try some down-tempo electronica, or other form of ambiance. That being said, I still love the content. Keep up the good work!
I'm new here and this is my new favorite channel. I trust I'll be here for a long time and hopefully RUclips will notify me whenever you post a new video.
Awesome as always. This was the first time I really connected star lifting to prolonging the Earth's habitablezone. Thanks. I don't mean to go too California overboard but the environmental science keeps nagging at me while watching your uploads. I'm sure I'm being small minded. It's easy to forget how interconnected we are with the surrounding natural world. It's fairly easy to package up a small habitable environment for a few astronauts, but how do we really export Earth scale ecosystems for all of our needs in the Kardashev-X era? I have a hard time understanding how we scale the natural side to encompass this large scale engineering.
I think we all do, and anyone that says otherwise clearly hasn't thought it through. The scale is nothing short of mindboggling, as a species we have accomplished incredible feats before. We have rerouted rivers, turned deserts to lush farmland and more often turned forests into wasteland, we demolished mountains just as a side effect of mining. We have changed the composition of the atmosphere, built machines as large as continents (the electric grid) and a global communication network that allows us to share information at the speed of light. Intentional or not these feats are impressive to say the least. While a Kardashev-(X>1) civilization is as hard for me to conceive of as I imagine modern day civilization was to the early homo-sapiens a quarter of a million years ago, both in terms of scale and technology. So with all that in mind, I dare not say it can't be done just because I can't wrap my head around it. We will probably do it like we have done every other major thing. Countless of small contributions by countless individuals. Just like the major cities like London, New York, Tokyo etc. all probably at some point started of as a single wooden shed, so too will our dyson swarm start of with a single small space station close to home. I just can't stress enough what a role technology will play here. Just think for a second on the fact that there are some people alive today that were born back when, horses and steam trains were the primary mode of transport. The telegraph was the height communication technology, antibiotics didn't exist and the computer was just a conceptual idea in the heads of a few mathematicians. Consider that same relative change is what we could expect a century into the future. Well.... unless we manage to wipe ourselves out before then. After all. Mankind is, always has been and always will be her own worst enemy. Cheers =P Dang, I have been putting out a lot of these text walls lately. Sorry fellas! D=
Ironically, the scale of it, once you pass a certain threshold, begins to become helpful in that regard. Take O2 production, or a food supply. In a small spacecraft like the ISS, there simply isn't the space for plants to grow in any meaningful amount. If you're building an Oneal cylinder, that inner surface can be covered in dirt and would make a pretty impressive nature preserve in land area alone.There would be space to transplant large portions of the natural food chain, and mimic the ecosystem reasonably well. The main problem, as Issac has made a habit of mentioning, is dealing with the heat. If you can get past that, it's arguably a bit easier to build those ecosystems in space where trash being dumped overboard isn't going to poison the water supply (or, you know, actually recycled, which by the time you're doing any of this, aught to be trivial). And while this will likely be rather unplalatable to think about, the fact is that any civilization that's at this level has protein synthesis at the level where nature itself is effectively irrelevant. We might still have places with nature inside because people like animals, but I expect synthetic protein and GMOs to replace the entirety of what we currently get from nature.
Things like O2 production imply there is CO2 for plants, not to mention a whole lot of nitrogen for an Earth like atmosphere. I can understand how we can afford to lose some of these elements for small-ish spacecraft, but eventually don't these elements become the most valuable resource we have? They are great in a cycled system inside a gravity well but they aren't exactly self replenishing if removed. Isn't this a major hurtle to overcome? I imagine the series of events that lead up to external habitats like Oneal cylinders is a turbulent story of conflict. When does humanity stop allowing the exploitation of Earth's atmospheric particles? How do we stop piracy when the most valuable resource we have is so easy to smuggle and difficult to mine/import? Also, while we have the ability to grow life, we don't have the ability to synthesize it. I don't know if we ever will. Our lives depend on many many layers of our ecosystem too. Our basic nutritional needs are only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to our long term survival. We tend to focus on the conscious mind and forget that our creation came at the head of millions of years of evolutionary roots. Those roots are not disconnected they are the foundation that supports us. Without them we will fail. Everything from our minor nutritional needs to our exposure to and cohabitation with bacteria are vital to life. I don't know how we export these systems in mass. In reality we are just animals. Most animals that we place in isolated environments we create fail. They may survive, but they do not show the same vitality as they do in the wild, and many do not survive at all. I don't think we would be much different if we subject ourselves to a similar zoo like existence. So how do we synthesize enormous Earth scale environments in space? What series of events allows us to import the needed elements and materials? What drives that transition?
Isaac, I wanted to tell you that your speech (as you mentioned, since the earlier episodes) is making huge improvements. From your accelerated academic career, military service, and now as a great champion of science accurate/fiction content, you are one of my personal heros. Your work brings thought provoking joy to thousands upon thousands of people. Never stop!
Thanks JD! Yeah I was making some improvement on my own just from making the episodes, that's actually what convinced me to give speech therapy another go, very time consuming but it's helped a lot.
Absolutely, strengthening those neural connections through repetition is key. They will continue to strengthen bias one way or another. Even if it's time consuming. Even if some days you want to give up. To that i'd say, "Tis more noble to consume time with one's efforts than to let time consume one's efforts."
We're all cheering for you.
PS. Patreon subscribed.
@@isaacarthurSFIA It`s a very interesting accent you have. It`s almost a combination of American & British?
@@ahura746 I was thinking a mix of Texan and British Mancunian.
@@isaacarthurSFIA good for you, dude! I hear a big difference too.
I love that you haven't let your speech impediment stop you from doing something that brings you joy. These videos are amazing.
I think it adds to the narrative, it's what made me listen to the first video as I found these topics too geeky but the voice made me stick and now I live this content and channel.
Ps
@@richardaitkenhead ditto, I like his voice. Very soothing.
I never noticed he had a speech impediment. I thought it was just a funny accent...
This is not a a speech impediment. Its just an awesome accent
SFIA, where you can destroy planets, restructure stars, move galaxies and live forever, but you can't go faster than 299792.458 km/s
You mean m/s.
I did. I put the decimal place in after reading that comment lol
Hey, when you’re immortal, time doesn’t really matter. Whether it takes 10 minutes or 10,000 years, you’ll reach your destination eventually.
I prefer to think of it as 18,026,174,997,853 furlongs per fortnight.
@@mintyfreshness4363 Assuming it's not beyond the cosmic horizon.
Who needs the Discovery Channel when this exists , keep up the great work!
Discovery cannot wrap their minds around topics like this without comparing things to football fields, and apples. Discovery is for children, Isaac for the adults...
You mean the garage channel?
Amen... :)
"…Best known for where the Borg curbstomped the Federation fleet."🤣Lol, I died!
It shall be our battle cry!
REMEMBER WOLF 359!
I always viewed that as when the Borg kindly convince the Federation senate to build warships for the war against the Dominion.
The senate develop Archers fetish for Vulcans to such a degree that they forgot other people have guns too 🤣
So did Sisko's wife.
That you’re able to produce such high-quality, thought provoking content at the rate at which do is astounding. Thank you for taking the time to make these wonderful videos for us.
SFIA; the official channel of "...but that's boring, so let's add another three orders of magnitude and see what happens then"
"And then we'll stop being conservative and start working with fusion."
"WHY DONT WE TAKE THE WORLD- AND PUSH IT SOMEWHERE ELSE?!"
S Clair spongebob refrrence
big brain Patrick
Patrick was far ahead of his time.
SFIA is Already the Undisputed Legendary King of Sci/Sci-fi education/entertainment in both Quality & Quantity imo !
Agreed.
youtube and other mobile platforms need more of this kind of science and future science education.
It is both inspirational and motivational.
Damn right! Its becoming the premiere encyclopedia of futurism.
IKR ? it's RIDICULOUS that these things come out every week
Shoot, this channel will spawn an infinite number of scifi stories for the forseeable future.
Why can’t I stop watching these videos? That’s the real paradox
A paradox involve a contradiction, the greatness of watching SFIA has no contradictions
Planetfall good point lol
Maybe they give you hope. Hope is hard to come by these days.
Mark Gast Some do, yes. But I tend to treat each video as a mental guide into the possibilities I never considered. The possibilities are endless, so it’s cool to learn how creative (or simple) they can get.
Yes, it does expand your sense of the possible and time.
"Someone just stopped by one day to plant a flag that happened to have some bacteria on it, and things evolved from there to complex life." That reminds me of the last chapter in the movie Allegro non Troppo, set to the music of Ravel's Bolero, which starts with someone on a space ship tossing away a Coke bottle just before the ship leaves, and we then see life evolve to ever more complex forms starting with the Coke residue left in that bottle. ^_^
I consider coca cola to be poison...
And have a hard time imagining anything living, evolving from its residue.
More likely life evolved from traces of saliva.
@@bobinthewest8559 Coca Cola: **literally contains building blocks of life**
I’ve always been in the camp of the Earth becoming a museum/park after we’ve become a type 2 civilization.
With reincarnated feathered tyrannosaurs roaming around. Even vegetarian ones.
Earth I imagine would be a tourist resort or the government capital.
Most likely government capital, as depicted in the end times.
Earth communities will be like protected exhibits behind a velvet rope.
Wait, you said that once humanity entered type 2, then Earth as a purpose of general and colonization would reach its expiration date and that it would be purposeless for us to keep earth as a general and settlement purposes and move the planet to more preservation/museum purpose.
I've just found this channel and I'm in love with it after ONE episode. Very well produced and well narrated. I honestly didn't know you had a speech impediment, I thought it might be a regional dialect. I certainly didn't have any problems understanding anything.
Well done, you should be proud.
I'm subscribed to ~150 channels, but this is BY FAR the most educational, entertaining and mind-blowing. Hope u'll get much more subscribers, u deserve them
If you are still there what else are you subscribed to for education?
I'm always trying to learn more.
Isaac, I truly love your channel and the way you present the most relevant yet far future problems, I have been with your channel for over a year and have never seen a video I didn't enjoy. You make every Thursday special and fun, happy Arthursday everyone!
You're right about new people being drawn in by this series! The first video of yours I saw was the one on Iron Stars. Blew my mind!
Its incredible how resilient we can be if we choose.
@Dragon born Or even our pettiest differences. People'll persecute or kill others even over the color of our shoelaces if that's the only difference among a group of people.
Humans are too stubborn to go extinct.
Recent subscriber here. Been binging a lot of your older videos and happy to finally catch a recent one. While some of the content I found dry with the lengthy explainations of why something wouldn't work in reality, I thoroughly enjoy the massive amount of interesting discussion as well as being educated on what's more plausible in the future than typical sci-fi tells me (as a layman). Very great content.
Cokemonster I wish their was a word to describe the jealousy someone has for someone who gets to experience something for the first time. The Germans probably have one.
Cokemonster, If the content is too dry try the episode titled "water worlds". :P
It's very important to discuss why things won't happen in detail. It's impossible to prove that something is impossible, and the next best thing is trying very hard to figure out how it could happen, and fail. To get the best possible view of the future we have to go through this process. For me none of the episodes felt dry, but some were a little dense and hard to follow, so I had to watch them several times to fully understand. But fortunately episodes are getting far more easier to follow, as they cover narrower topics in greater detail.
+Haden Wong
"the jealousy someone has for someone who gets to experience something for the first time"
Yeah... for me a big one is people who can remember their first time seeing snow, or walking on a frozen lake. I guess ultimately i'm happy i grew up in a place with cold enough winters (great childhood memories of snow and ice), but there's something about imagining being introduced to snow later... i'm sure it's got to be a magical moment.
If you find a german word for that let me know
Raketemensch 00000 just make one up: Ersterfahrungsneid? Neugierdenfreude? Neugierneid?
Hey man, from a sailor to a soldier, your videos often give me a bit of hope and make me happy to wake, I hope you never stop making these.
I can't believe you are still only at 220k subscribers. Your videos are so amazing, so accurate, and mind blowing. There is no other science/space channel that even comes close to rivaling yours.
Judging by the quality of your content, you deserve well over a million subs.
There aren't many intelligent people on youtube. They'd rather see people lighting their farts on fire, giving each other wedgies or playing paintball nude then something this advanced and amazing.
I LOVE your channel your content always pushes me into deep thought and feel more responsibility about my future to give more to humanity to make this world a better place because i know humans are capable of greateness.
His videos have the exact opposite effect on me... Makes me realise just how insignificant and unimportant we are in the grand scheme of things..... we are nothing (But I do Love the Channel)
Tamás Viola i agree!
+Tamás Viola +fulanitoflyer "humans are capable of greatness" "we are nothing" Recall Carl Sagan's quote 'We are made of Star Stuff . . . We are how the Universe will come to know itself".
@@fulanitoflyer just stfu
Your speech has become so clear its insane!!!
Isaac i love your Channel it gives me hope. when i work full days hard work i can come and replay or watch new videos at your Channel thanks for filling this void
I've just watched your 2015 Dyson Dilemma video before this one. Man your production quality has come a heck of a way. Keep it going!
Civilizations at the end of time. My favorite series.
I liked the end of the universe before the end of the universe was cool. Kudos to alla yous who got my double entendre on the first reading.
this is a taboo subject. depending on where you go, you may find shieldr or john simms' master
Long live ISAAC .
isawk awwthuw
R.I.P. Stephen Hawking
1942-2018
Jadrien yeah same. Took me a minute to rap my head around it to. Very sad
An amazing man!
1942 damn the man is a legend
Wonder when we will see another like him?
"His toment", lol, the guy hardly seemed to mind being paralyzed, that never stopped him doing anything. If he was tormented, he certainly didn't show it.
SFIA is more awe inspiring and thoughtful than any series I’ve ever encountered. I believe Carl Sagan would be proud of today’s science communicators
You’ve become my favorite channel on RUclips. Your never ending well of ideas to speak about never ceases to amaze me.
Your intros always give me goosebumps
As usual, Brilliant stuff, Isaac. You make it sound so easy - I guess that means you are a great communicator / educator!
:-D
Happily found your channel a couple of weeks ago going through Kardashev Scale and Fermi Paradox related videos. Rarely do I find someone as positively pedantic, thorough and professional, resonating word for word with how I see things and with such pragmatic optimism and hope for the future. I am by no means as literate or fluent in terms of the mathematics, chemistry and physics with which you so excellently discuss matters, yet what I am saying is that listening to you at length for a good long while, is comforting in knowing someone thinks about these things in such an intensity and passion as I do, if not more so. That is refreshing and I love seeing passion in others over science, theoretical and philosophical journeys and naval gazing as a species.
While my background is being trained as a Palaeontologist, an Earth and Evolutionary scientist, with a passion for all things historical, prehistoric and evolutionary, my interests range far and wide across Deep Time and Deep Space. Philosophy, Geography, Architecture, Science Fiction and Fantasy draw my gaze often. My mind, while often preoccupied with thoughts of the arcane past and long bygone beauty and glory of times millions or billions of years before, and the plethora of implications resultant of the knowledge of aspects of that past, is always looking into the future at the same time.
Hearing the genuine and heartfelt words you took time to articulate and detail with substantial research put into everything you do, is sincerely impressive. In short, you're on my wavelength and you've got good tunes.
Subscribed.
Great episode as always Issac. I've got to admit I've always thought the people who would be left on Earth as we move out into the galaxy would be the have-nots who didn't have a way to leave. I never considered the idea of hidebound immortals being the ones who stayed behind.
I remember thinking when you had 10K subs. You should at least have a couple hundred subscribers. Nice to see folks are getting it!
I really love your work. You're a great communicator, and it is hard to see someone putting as much effort as you do in the production, script and previous searching. I wanna thank you for what you do, for give me the hope of a nice future and make me believe at leat just a little bit in mankind. Thanks, Isaac
I love the inherent optimism of this channel. "I think civilization will survive long after the earth is gone". That's the future I want to work for.
A brilliant episode! Thanks so much for the literary references as some of them are new to me and I still love sci-fi books! Micro black holes would evaporate quickly through Hawking radiation - but given the time spans you were talking about, I'm sure that there would be a technological solution. What keeps me going these days is a deep sense of wonder about the universe I find myself in. Thanks Isaac for helping to keep that wonder alive.
Perfect, just what I wanted for my birthday! Thank you Issac. I loved this episode despite: Title being Dying Earth, published on my birthday and the recent death of Hawking.
When you say get a drink and a snack I always get happy! The longer the better! Off to grab tea and back to cozy up to some future worlds! :)
A D R I N K A N D A S N A C K
Gotta keep yourself hydrated!
took me a moment to figure out what you wrote gj and i hope that snack tasted good ;)
Isaac. You keep me highly entertained. All of your hard work making these videos is very appreciated. Keep it up friend.
Jack Vance is an important inspiration for me. I first heard of the Dying Earth through my D&D roots, listened to the 25 disc audiobook tribute Songs of the Dying Earth, finally bought and read the entire Dying Earth collection, then went on to read a lot more from Vance. He's got a great way with humor and somberness mixed in interesting ways. He was a true grandmaster of the art.
Yeah he had a big influence on D&D and other RPGs, particularly a lot of the darker post-apocalypse kind of setting.
Can’t wait for the next video, keep up the bodacious work!
R Minnis up vote for the use of the word 'bodacious' .
Very interesting and thought provocative. Excellent delivery.
Our universe will eventually run down, entropy will make sure of that, but do you think we might one day be able to initiate new Big Bangs and move into the universes they create, and then do the same once those universes run down, and so on for eternity? Is that something the laws of physics as we undestand them would even permit?
I hope so. A truly ancient civilization. Yes we will evolve change genetically. Even might become completely digital. If we keep our genetic history on file. A complete record of all our knowledge. That would be a big deal. We could eventually rebuild our species at any stage of evolution.
Long live humanity.
@@jamesedwards3923
Glory to humanity
This channel deserves more views
Thanks again Artur, keep up the great work.
3:10 I honestly don't even notice your speech impediment at all anymore.. I actually forgot about it completely until you said that. So to anyone who finds Isaac hard to understand, you will get used to his speech very quickly, and you will be so very glad that you did.. definitely my favorite RUclips channel of all time, keep up the amazing work my friend!
This is brilliant!
Finally a channel which explains things nicely and clear!
This was yet another brilliant Arthursday.
This is fascinating stuff. I always favourite your videos before I watch them. I have no reason to belive they will not be worth it.
Arthur It always amazes me how much you can do with the additional computational power inside your head.
I have been wondering for a while now if is actually possible to prolong the Suns life as you suggest here and in the starlifting episode. The reason for my pondering of that issue is that the red dwarves can live as long as they can because they have total complete convection in them so they can use all their hydrogen mass as fuel, whereas the Sun will burn out faster because it will not be able to use but a fraction of its hydrogen before it goes red giant. So you would have to make a very serious dent in the Suns mass to enable it to get that allcompassing convection that would allow it to burn all of its hydrogen. And you would have to seriously alter the composition of its layers to achieve an ability for it to be able to use hydrogen from its convective zone in the fusion processes in the core, let alone hydrogen that was fed to it. No doubt that siphoning helium and metals from its convective zone would prolong its life, perhaps even substantially (some billions of years perhaps) but to give it a red-dwarf-lifespan seems impossible to me unless you reduce its mass to near red dwarf-size. Which leads to another consideration: how would the Sun react if and when it was reduced to such a size? How would it react when it goes from a layered structure to a non-layered fully convective structure? Obviously astrophysics gives us no clues since such a process does not happen in nature. It would be uncharted territory indeed. Thoughts? /Mads, Copenhagen, Denmark
Ps: And thanks for a wonderful channel with mindblowing optimistic content, I have been addicted since I discovered it.
Ps.Ps. And let´s have a minute of silence in commemoration af the late Stephen Hawkings.
I just want to point out that the mass reduction scenario has indeed played out in nature. Every once in while a star has the unfortunate luck to find itself in the "close" proximity to a black hole that is slowly stripping away the stars outer atmosphere. I haven't heard about any observations of drastic events linked to this setup. The lack of evidence is not proof of anything, though it is highly suggestive.
So here is my guess, as the mass decreases, the convective zone of the star will slowly grow towards the center. The heavier elements that have built up in the core will slowly diffuse in to the outer layers as the material in the core gradually becomes more "mobile". In time we will end up with a star that is indistinguishable from one that was born a red dwarf.
But that is just my uneducated guess, if you know of any information or have any good argument that would discredit my hypothesis I would love to know. ;)
/Greetings from Sweden
THERE IS AS YET INSUFFICIENT DATA FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWER.
DancesWithTrolls is surely right. Despite the all caps.
Twirlip Of The Mists It was an Issac Asimov reference, in one of his short stories, The Last Question, humans throughout history ask increasingly powerful computers if entropy can be reversed, to which they always respond "THERE IS AS YET INSUFFICENT DATA FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWER".
Mads Hagen, No need to worry about the Sun losing it's hydrogen. It will be ringed with the star lifting engines and a Dyson swarm. The hydrogen can be dropped back in whenever people feel the need for more solar output. Bluedwarfs have not had time to evolve naturally. The astrophysics theory exists.
I love your videos! Thinking about these topics is what made me choose to be a space engineer. We need to start somewhere!
Thank you so much to you and your team for all of your hard work and wonderful content. Your videos make my brain Purr =-)
Amazing how this particular series gives me the most hope for humanity.
Every episode gets better production value.
Weaverbe ASMR Mr. Arthur is a genius.
I love staws tuooo!!! Hey man, you did a fantastic job! I wish you the best of the best in life!
This stuff is great. When I was a kid, I would go right to the science fiction section of the book store every time I went to the mall. These videos of Arthur Isaac's have rekindled my interest in the far future.
Isaac, interesting that you note your speech impediment improving. It is true. I had noticed as well. It is as if your videos are your own therapy. Love the Channel. Look forward to every video.
Another great video. Many of great concepts and assumptions to ponder away :)
Awesome. Just awesome. Thank you and Happy Arthursday!!!
Rip Steven Hawking Hats of to him
"...as we don't go for brevity here." Isaac you are the best. Never change
Rest in Peace Steven Hawking, rest in peace.
Rest in Pieces.
RIP in peace.
rest in space.
Thanks Issac, my day is always brighter when you upload!
Isaac, thank you so much for all the work you do on this channel and the amazing videos you released. I find them riveting to listen to and think about!
30 seconds in and I'm hooked already. Isaac you tell a good story man. I love your channel
Always fascinating, thank you once again!
Lovable video Isaac. "The real end of time, when the only possible life is that wich literally forms out of random chaos." AMAZING insight. Also that final bit was STRONG.
The death of Stephen Hawking made me think about how important it is to show our appreciation to the people that influence our lives in a positive way before it's too late, so here we go.
Your videos have become a weekly ritual for me that makes me think and gives me hope for the future of humanity. Thank you for the many hours you put into these videos and for distributing them free, you really make a positive difference in my life. Happy Arthursday everybody! :)
Instant watch. As usual, fantastic work Sir Arthur!
Another great video as usual!
My first comment in a long time, but I couldn't let an Ayreon music pass. Such a nice project. Thanks for all your videos
Ayreon!!! Thanks Isaac for perfecting perfection on this channel!!
I was just thinking that the background music sounds familiar! Which, come to think of it, is perfect for his videos. The Forevers and entire Ayreon story could almost be a Fermi Paradox video on its own since I'm not sure if he's covered that specific scenario. Of the 3 civilizations featured, two hit different great barriers and one is too scared and demotivated to venture past their own planet.
Love the use of ayreon in the background. Another beautiful video.
I have clicked "like this video", before i even watched it. - i ll watch it tonight before sleep. Cant wait :)
I actually think about this topic alot. Since it'll all get destroyed in the end, it motivates me to just do whatever makes me happy right now.
Dude you are creeping up on 250K subscribers! way to go! Anyone wanna bet he hits it before May 1st?
Thanks!
250K subscribers seems paltry to me given what Issac Arthur is doing here. Millions should be watching these episodes.
222,222 should be more significant IMO. Also 234,567. :)
I wish there were more Thursdays in the week. Thanks for another interesting, thought provoking episode Isaac.
Aaaaaaaawwwwweeeee yeeaaahh!!!! Its Arthursday!
I love the way you speak, it reminds me of an old friend. Keep the good content rolling!
I enjoy these discussions. Keep up the good work.
And a brilliant Arthursday morning to you all.
Love your channel Isaac.
Love how you make me think. Love the excitement.
Love the math.
Peace.
this amazing give me hope for future !!merci isaac bravo pour ton beau travail😘
Hi Isaac. I just want to say you changed my life. I'm a sci-fi writer and you videos are the must epic, consistent source of information that exist on the web. Combined with basic concepts videos (ex: what's Jupiter), you provide infinity material for a powerful endless serie of novels (and entertainments during my snacks, of course). I'm sure you have a huge impact with your teachings and I need to say THANK YOU VERY MUCH. You're my hero and mentor.
I could see Earth becoming a relic-world where each colony sends something representative of their colony to Earth as a monument to their founding. That way Earth would be a place to go to find out more about far away colonies and what their way of life is like.
why is it that in astronomy metal is anything that is heavier then helium?
Green Brain Seaside they are the heavier elements made in stars unlike helium and hydrogen
The only reason they are considered metals is because of their relative abundance. Helium and Hydrogen compose about 98% of our galaxy’s matter. Oxygen and carbon are next at around 1.5% , while heavier elements past carbon compose less than 1%. The ubiquitous hydrogen and helium is what astronmers expect, so heavier elements which include nonmetals as well as metals are just lumped into one category. Oddly enough, even Hydrogen and Helium under pressure in the cores of giant gas planets can be considered metallic to astronomers . So it’s all relative.
for baryonic matter .....dark matter is different we dont know what it is
that's so metal
@ chronoss chiron well explained ! Thank you.
Hey Isaac, i really like your videos, and i would like to request a video about how you would dissasemble planets, and how you would build your megastructures. Thanks for taking the time to read this!
We might do planetary disassemby sometime, not so sure about megastructure assembly though, it would vary so much by each
In the unlikely event that you're reading this Hollywood.....you're doing it wrong, ^ that over there is excellent material to turn in to quality movies, not recycling ghostbusters or marvel comics.
A close family member of mine is a screenwriter (like, he is successful doing it and makes around $300k a year writing) ... and I can tell you that, unfortunately, that's not really how it works. There is a structure to story. Kind of a formula
In the end, the film industry is a business. People have to invest in projects. And they like to invest in things that have worked before. That said, Isaac should totally have a TV show
Give me a channel dedicated to stuff like this and I'd happily pay for it despite having not a lot of money.
EastofEden
Of course stories have structures, but that doesn't mean recycling is the only option, there's infinite amount of flexibility in the details.
The problem with "what worked before" is that repetition gets boring very fast. So copying a successful story is just as risky as trying something new.
Also what they don't seem to understand is that the plot is the least important part of a story. By far the most important part is the characters, then comes the setting, and the plot is last. In case of a movie visual effects can be part of the setting, but their only job is to bring the setting into life, nothing else. That for example is the reason why the original Ghost Busters is a classic, and the new was a flop. Same plot, same setting, different characters. Repetition didn't help either.
The content on this channel is a gold mine for writers. It's all new, almost never been explored in fiction, mind blowing on many levels, and the vast time scales and sizes provide infinite possibilities. Just imagine how much history and mystery a quadrillion year old K3 civilization would have.
I wished Hollywood would look at this for stories. Every writer in Sci-Fi should as well. It's just incredible what Isaac puts out
Excellent episode Isaac! Thank you so much for opening my eyes with your channel. Always look forward to Arthursday.
It's Isaac Arthur Day!
Another incredible video Isaac, the quality is fantastic, I can't wait for the next video you and your team make, until then have a great weekend.
When the last stars burn out, and the universe becomes really cold, the age of biological life will be no more. We would be a post-biological civilization. Alternatively, since we are talking about cosmic timescales, it's not hard to imagine that we figured out how to travel to alternate existing universes or stranger still: figured out how to make our own.
Another amazing video! Thank you.
About the soundtrack:
I’m glad to see you are experimenting, but I’m not sure Rock/Metal is the best fit for your videos (and this is coming from a long-time Metalhead). The music seems to distract from the narration, especially when it has lyrics. If you still want to tinker around, maybe try some down-tempo electronica, or other form of ambiance.
That being said, I still love the content. Keep up the good work!
I'm new here and this is my new favorite channel. I trust I'll be here for a long time and hopefully RUclips will notify me whenever you post a new video.
If it doesn't, every Thursday at 11 AM EST, welcome to SFIA :)
Awesome as always. This was the first time I really connected star lifting to prolonging the Earth's habitablezone. Thanks.
I don't mean to go too California overboard but the environmental science keeps nagging at me while watching your uploads. I'm sure I'm being small minded. It's easy to forget how interconnected we are with the surrounding natural world. It's fairly easy to package up a small habitable environment for a few astronauts, but how do we really export Earth scale ecosystems for all of our needs in the Kardashev-X era? I have a hard time understanding how we scale the natural side to encompass this large scale engineering.
I think we all do, and anyone that says otherwise clearly hasn't thought it through. The scale is nothing short of mindboggling, as a species we have accomplished incredible feats before. We have rerouted rivers, turned deserts to lush farmland and more often turned forests into wasteland, we demolished mountains just as a side effect of mining. We have changed the composition of the atmosphere, built machines as large as continents (the electric grid) and a global communication network that allows us to share information at the speed of light. Intentional or not these feats are impressive to say the least.
While a Kardashev-(X>1) civilization is as hard for me to conceive of as I imagine modern day civilization was to the early homo-sapiens a quarter of a million years ago, both in terms of scale and technology. So with all that in mind, I dare not say it can't be done just because I can't wrap my head around it. We will probably do it like we have done every other major thing. Countless of small contributions by countless individuals. Just like the major cities like London, New York, Tokyo etc. all probably at some point started of as a single wooden shed, so too will our dyson swarm start of with a single small space station close to home.
I just can't stress enough what a role technology will play here. Just think for a second on the fact that there are some people alive today that were born back when, horses and steam trains were the primary mode of transport. The telegraph was the height communication technology, antibiotics didn't exist and the computer was just a conceptual idea in the heads of a few mathematicians. Consider that same relative change is what we could expect a century into the future. Well.... unless we manage to wipe ourselves out before then.
After all. Mankind is, always has been and always will be her own worst enemy. Cheers =P
Dang, I have been putting out a lot of these text walls lately. Sorry fellas! D=
Ironically, the scale of it, once you pass a certain threshold, begins to become helpful in that regard. Take O2 production, or a food supply. In a small spacecraft like the ISS, there simply isn't the space for plants to grow in any meaningful amount. If you're building an Oneal cylinder, that inner surface can be covered in dirt and would make a pretty impressive nature preserve in land area alone.There would be space to transplant large portions of the natural food chain, and mimic the ecosystem reasonably well.
The main problem, as Issac has made a habit of mentioning, is dealing with the heat. If you can get past that, it's arguably a bit easier to build those ecosystems in space where trash being dumped overboard isn't going to poison the water supply (or, you know, actually recycled, which by the time you're doing any of this, aught to be trivial).
And while this will likely be rather unplalatable to think about, the fact is that any civilization that's at this level has protein synthesis at the level where nature itself is effectively irrelevant. We might still have places with nature inside because people like animals, but I expect synthetic protein and GMOs to replace the entirety of what we currently get from nature.
Things like O2 production imply there is CO2 for plants, not to mention a whole lot of nitrogen for an Earth like atmosphere. I can understand how we can afford to lose some of these elements for small-ish spacecraft, but eventually don't these elements become the most valuable resource we have? They are great in a cycled system inside a gravity well but they aren't exactly self replenishing if removed. Isn't this a major hurtle to overcome? I imagine the series of events that lead up to external habitats like Oneal cylinders is a turbulent story of conflict. When does humanity stop allowing the exploitation of Earth's atmospheric particles? How do we stop piracy when the most valuable resource we have is so easy to smuggle and difficult to mine/import?
Also, while we have the ability to grow life, we don't have the ability to synthesize it. I don't know if we ever will. Our lives depend on many many layers of our ecosystem too. Our basic nutritional needs are only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to our long term survival. We tend to focus on the conscious mind and forget that our creation came at the head of millions of years of evolutionary roots. Those roots are not disconnected they are the foundation that supports us. Without them we will fail. Everything from our minor nutritional needs to our exposure to and cohabitation with bacteria are vital to life. I don't know how we export these systems in mass. In reality we are just animals. Most animals that we place in isolated environments we create fail. They may survive, but they do not show the same vitality as they do in the wild, and many do not survive at all. I don't think we would be much different if we subject ourselves to a similar zoo like existence. So how do we synthesize enormous Earth scale environments in space? What series of events allows us to import the needed elements and materials? What drives that transition?
that "tribe around dying fire" example was very funny :D ... and for the far future quite hope giving