America's most underrated region: The Rust Belt

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  • Опубликовано: 5 сен 2024

Комментарии • 116

  • @apyrrhus_1
    @apyrrhus_1 8 месяцев назад +25

    as someone from pittsburgh, i see effects of the rust belt literally everywhere. This is such a beautiful city yall

    • @TheDCShow0
      @TheDCShow0  8 месяцев назад +4

      yea pittsburgh is absolutely gorgeous

    • @timmmahhhh
      @timmmahhhh Месяц назад +1

      Yes it is I visit every chance I get from the Chicago area.

    • @HX79
      @HX79 Месяц назад +1

      I haven't been to Pittsburgh. Sounds like I need to visit!

  • @stardragon5849
    @stardragon5849 6 месяцев назад +19

    Me as a Milwaukee native, it just makes me smile about this video and rust belt in general. Something about the culture of Rust Belt region is just feels like home to me: the abandon factories, old historic buildings and mixed used homes & economy.

    • @jhodapp
      @jhodapp 5 месяцев назад +1

      I grew up in Milwaukee and have such a soft spot in my heart for it. I really wish Milwaukee would tear down the downtown highway interchange, it does such damage to such a wonderful place.

    • @geofflepper3207
      @geofflepper3207 3 месяца назад

      Not sure if this relates at all but I'm having trouble liking this year's episodes of Law and Order because unlike the series in the 1990s in which police detectives were often seen in run down gritty areas of New York and with characters who definitely weren't going to be having tea and crumpets with the queen this year's episodes all seem to take place in upscale homes and businesses that look like showrooms for upper class interior decorators or like top level art galleries.
      The suspects look like they are out of GQ Magazine and the detectives too seem more refined and more fashionably dressed than in the past.
      Detective Lennie Briscoe (Jerry Orbach) would not feel comfortable in these places with these people.
      For that matter the characters in Hill Street Blues also wouldn't feel comfortable in these places with these people.
      I know that New York has become wealthier and gentrified but seeing a series of episodes about rich, beautiful people in expensive beautiful surroundings is sort of boring when it becomes the "norm".
      And that can be boring in real life as well.

  • @jonathanstensberg
    @jonathanstensberg 7 месяцев назад +19

    The real real challenge is the smaller cities that dot the Midwest. Places like Altoona, Johnstown, Erie, Youngstown, Canton, Flint, Saginaw, Lansing, Pontiac, Jackson, South Bend, Gary, Terre Haute, Decatur, Peoria, Rockford, etc, continue to struggle much more than their big city counterparts. Even places like Toledo, Dayton, and Akron are struggling much more to turn things around.

    • @kontech8138
      @kontech8138 3 месяца назад +2

      I agree. It just takes good planning from the city government. Jackson's downtown is now super vibrant without a single vacant building. All because of a solid master plan.

    • @MrChrisH33
      @MrChrisH33 2 месяца назад

      I'm originally from Canton, Ohio. The effects are everywhere. Stark County as a whole is slowly reversing the trend, but they have a long way to go.

    • @Pistolita221
      @Pistolita221 2 месяца назад

      Lansing isn't that bad, they have the state capital and all the government jobs that come with it, along with Michigan State University, a D1 college with 40k students. They're not too bad off, like Grand Rapids tier.

    • @yvonneplant9434
      @yvonneplant9434 16 дней назад

      Pennsylvania is not in the mid- west.

  • @Sacto1654
    @Sacto1654 4 месяца назад +10

    The very availability of fresh water could literally drive people back to these cities. We could see the likes of Las Vegas and Phoenix lose 50% or more of its urban population because of the lack of water.

    • @bawbjusbawb6471
      @bawbjusbawb6471 3 месяца назад

      The very non-availability of fresh water because of the repeated railroad and industrial "accidents" absolutely diminish the availability of fresh, potable water...
      A lot of good water does if you can't drink it or take in a bath in it without getting cancer...
      The water in these cities hasn't bees safe since before the 1950's...
      People just don't get it...
      When the people of the land forget GOD...
      When people become more and more wicked...
      The land will spew them out...
      California, Arizona and many other places are going to come under GOD's judgement...

    • @bigfatstupidfish2397
      @bigfatstupidfish2397 Месяц назад

      We don't want people to come here.

  • @laynefangs
    @laynefangs 8 месяцев назад +7

    I'm a DC area native, and visited Pittsburgh four times this past year. Each visit has been wonderful in its own regard. As you mentioned you can actually explore downtown without congestion and parking is a lot more affordable (parking by the AC Marriott Pittsburgh was $5/day ~ in DC Colonial Parking can easily run you $20).
    Goth and punk subcultures are very active, and there are shops catering to niche styles and aesthetics. There are many quirky cafes and eateries, and you can find one-of-a-kind Airbnbs at fair price.
    Overall I've found Pittsburgh to be an artsy, alternative city ~ the relatively lower cost of living allowing a lot of independent businesses and unique ideas to thrive. The city also has a distinct grungy Rust Belt feel, which I like, and I'm looking forward to exploring more of the Rust Belt.

  • @marcrugani326
    @marcrugani326 7 месяцев назад +12

    As a Buffalo native and expatriate, I appreciate the careful analysis and recognition of the opportunities that it, and peer cities, have to be hospitable and thriving communities in the 21st century. What most of the "rust belt" cities have is geographic advantage in the face of climate change, base infrastructure for redevelopment, and a resilient base population to innovate. The long-run economic cycles, I believe, will prove that these communities are the best places in the U.S.!

  • @legoboy468
    @legoboy468 8 месяцев назад +45

    If most of these cities just rebuilt the trolley networks they had in the early 1900’s, invested in renovating old disused housing and built new mid density housing they’d all be places people would be flocking to to live. People like San francisco because it kept its trolleys and many of its walkable neighbors. They like Boston for the same reason. I would love to see a newly revitalized Cleveland or Baltimore or Albany with a similar vibe and I really think that’s possible in the coming decades, especially with climate change pushing people out of the Sun belt. As you say, our cities have good bones, we just have to rebuild the body around them.

    • @StLouis-yu9iz
      @StLouis-yu9iz 8 месяцев назад +4

      I wholeheartedly agree, that's what I keep trying to get North American urbanists to realize. We just need our trolley networks back. As much as I don't like how he talks crap on us, I hope the New 'Not Just Bikes' video (bout Montreal) will help those that push for bike lanes or grade seperated rail first realize the trolley's are the best first step in fixing the damage cars have done. 👏

    • @twilightcitystudios
      @twilightcitystudios 7 месяцев назад +6

      Chicago had such large system of streetcars at one point. It's frustrating to know we had that and decided to get rid of them.

    • @user-hm1zb8js5i
      @user-hm1zb8js5i 4 месяца назад +5

      Building trolleys is not gonna bring people back to the region. You need to bring the jobs back and get rid of the crime first.

    • @MijoShrek
      @MijoShrek 3 месяца назад

      Ain't nobody going near the cities and urban areas as we head into a new era of the US. There are no jobs and most especially,they flee for their lives from the cities to get away from the high crime.

    • @bawbjusbawb6471
      @bawbjusbawb6471 3 месяца назад

      Yes...
      People are just "Flocking" to San Francisco right now, aren't they?🙄
      Their Liberal and Godless people with their agendas have turned these places into cesspools...
      Agendas are "pushing" people into cities NOT "weather change"...
      You can't even speak out against this nonsense without getting your comment deleted or a blue Google Stamp... (That SHOULD tell you something)
      Everything is worse in cities...
      Morality, Crime and pollution...
      These cities DO NOT have "good bones"...
      They are rotten to the core...
      They have mistreated both the land as well as the people who live in them...

  • @Kalinga_3
    @Kalinga_3 10 дней назад

    Urban rejuvenation of Rust belt !!
    This should be a case study for every urban planner, designer & travel explorer

  • @TheSmokinApples
    @TheSmokinApples 3 месяца назад +5

    Rust belt cities have good bones.

  • @zteanalysisofcompanies4497
    @zteanalysisofcompanies4497 7 месяцев назад +38

    And in 30-50 years this region will be the most sought after in the entire nation, it’s called climate change resistant with abundant natural resources and a cooler climate, along with lower COL

    • @dave3124
      @dave3124 4 месяца назад +1

      Very clever, you could be right there my friend

    • @palmshoot
      @palmshoot 4 месяца назад +1

      Not for car-less folk.

    • @bawbjusbawb6471
      @bawbjusbawb6471 3 месяца назад

      This country won't last another 30-50 years...
      It's called Biblical prophecy...
      Nothing is resistant to it...

    • @NicolasBabarskis
      @NicolasBabarskis 3 месяца назад +3

      I've seen rapidly growing places like Dallas - Fortworth, Ft. myers, Nashville. It's strip malls and gated communities leapfrogging each other for miles along 6-8 lane stroads. The affordable cost of living is starting to evaporate with traffic increasing and housing costs rising out of reach. If the sort of migration predicted by climate change does start to occur, I’m not sure it will engender the smugness i feel in the abstract when I imagine that scenario right now.

  • @AccountName-gv5ie
    @AccountName-gv5ie 7 месяцев назад +5

    The region is amazing, best wishes from germany.

  • @StLouis-yu9iz
    @StLouis-yu9iz 8 месяцев назад +6

    Nice video, thanks for showing some clips from the Lou. Once we get more rail transit and infill development, we will be the greatest city in the Western Hemisphere again! :]

    • @HX79
      @HX79 Месяц назад

      Recently rediscovered STL about 3 years ago after living within 2 hours if it for decades. Definitely feel like its improving and could be "found out" like Nashville, TN has been the last few decades.
      The STL historic city neighborhoods - Lafayette Square, Soulard, Benton Park, Tower Grove, and many more, are cool and walkable. There's also plenty of suburbs to choose from as well if thats your thing.
      We MAY be relocating in 5 years or less......STL City (and metro) and Chicago (or metro) are on our list. Cool architecture, so many things to do, and lots cleaner than years past.
      Chicago has many multi billion dollar buildings, neighborhood revitalizations, and stadiums either being built, approved, or in planning stages. I wouldn't have guessed from the bad rap it gets. CHI town is also on the rise....

  • @RJRobertson-fd8xy
    @RJRobertson-fd8xy 8 месяцев назад +5

    First time seeing your channel and love your content and positive approach so much that I subscribed before the video was over. Even though I am a native of CA and still live here (happily so), I went to law school in a "rust belt city" and and worked for some time there which gave me the opportunity to visit many of these cities and regions. I firmly believe that these cities will rebound for all of the reasons you cited and more, as they have so much to offer that the sterility of newer cities and booming metro areas lack. ❤❤❤

    • @TheDCShow0
      @TheDCShow0  8 месяцев назад

      thanks really appreciate it!

  • @ConstanceHaga-cz1tl
    @ConstanceHaga-cz1tl 7 месяцев назад +7

    Youngstown Sheet and Tube laid off 5,000 workers on Black Monday, 1977 at its Campbell Works, not 500,000.

  • @beneciotheperson
    @beneciotheperson 4 дня назад

    Ah my home. The Wyoming Valley. Home of the Office and the actual birthplace of modern television. Best pretzels in the world.

  • @boomerang1125
    @boomerang1125 2 месяца назад +1

    As an 'old man' who's lived in the Milwaukee Wisconsin area since 1949, what doomed Milwaukee are the following: most of its large factories were built in the 1880 to early 1900's, before electricity was readily available. Those plants were in dire need of some very extensive renovation to be functional and energy efficient. Labor unions, unwilling to negotiate in good faith, drove companies to places like South Carolina and 'the sun belt'. High corporate taxes in 'rust belt states' were another problem. A lot of push back was developing because of the decades of bad air pollution, the dumping a toxic waste into the earth as well as the fresh water sources the plants needed as 'process water' to manufacture their products.The death blow came with the early 1970's with the OPEC oil embargo. The cost of energy for those old, decaying, rotting, 'turn of the century' plants drove operating costs up exponentially. Labor unions were also vehemently opposed to "automation". Manufacturing in the early 1970's was done very much like it had been for literally 'generations'. Everything was slow, manual labor. Quality control was almost unheard of. Automation meant things became less labor-intensive so unions would lose members (meaning a lot of money). The drive to "the sunbelt" where there were tax incentives, the ability to build energy efficient plants for much less than the cost of refurbishing old 'turn of the century plants' was attractive. Corporations could hire non-union labor, equip their plant with the latest automation which made each part precise and it increased the production output. Manufacturers from Milwaukee to Rochester NY simply "walked away", telling the state to do with the land and its decrepit, decaying plants "whatever you wish". As manufacturing fled, all their suppliers, tool makers, etc. simply went out of business. No workers opted to move to the Southeast. Labor unions collapsed. Tax bases were decimated. Baby boomer college graduated flocked to other parts of the country to seek employment. Crime in the rust belt cities has always been a problem. It remains 'worse than ever' today in the post George Floyd era, even though old buildings and old warehouses are being repurposed into loft condo's and old manufacturing areas are being gentrified and repurposed for more 'urban living'. While engineering and service departments still exist within companies that remained in the rust belt, labor-intensive manufacturing has moved to Mexico because of Clinton's NAFTA agreements. Thanks to Obama's "Trans Pacific Partnership", more complex manufacturing requiring a lot of automation moved to China. Given the internet (or you could simply say 'modern communications technology) suppliers are available from anywhere in the world to ship raw material, piece parts, etc. to manufacturers anywhere in the world. The US has become a financial and service industry hub. It you're a finance guy, engineer, IT guy you're okay. America is no longer the manufacturing giant it was post WWII.

  • @andrewbouvier1104
    @andrewbouvier1104 4 месяца назад +2

    it definingly extends all the way up to cities like Lewiston Maine (including the forgotten mill towns of new england)

  • @user-oi8jd3zo8u
    @user-oi8jd3zo8u 27 дней назад

    We'll always have water, education, geographic proximity and history on our side!

  • @HX79
    @HX79 Месяц назад

    Great video and it echoed my sentiments exactly. The midwest is underrated but on the rise. We are considering relocating from our smallish city in 5 years or less to a larger city in the Midwest where there are things to do, 4 seasons, and great architecture.

  • @hamburglar83
    @hamburglar83 2 месяца назад +1

    I moved to Texas and 7 years came back….i rather have cold winters plus amazing summers and springs then super hot summers and still kinda cold winters. Dallas was cool but too much growth, construction, lack of character in new suburbs just never overcame me. I misused my trees and old warehouses turned into breweries and cool little downtowns.

  • @Alan-lv9rw
    @Alan-lv9rw 2 месяца назад +2

    I prefer New England or Texas, but I lived in Illinois for four years and it wasn’t bad.

    • @Pistolita221
      @Pistolita221 2 месяца назад +1

      Downtown, suburban or corn Illinois?

  • @sfdko3291
    @sfdko3291 8 месяцев назад +12

    Buffalo has the most potential right now.
    There are various college students that went to Buffalo, like myself, from NYC. The power of NY state comes from NYC. So if you can get politicans from NYC that actually CARE about upstate, like myself, we can truly call ourselves the Empire State instead of just depending on NYC.
    Give us a decade.

    • @StLouis-yu9iz
      @StLouis-yu9iz 8 месяцев назад +2

      Sorry to break it to ya, but St. Louis has the most potential. ;]

    • @vladimirlamousnery6418
      @vladimirlamousnery6418 8 месяцев назад +1

      As a NYC Resident were counting on, ya.

    • @naptime0143
      @naptime0143 4 месяца назад

      ​@@StLouis-yu9iznot really that city is lost it continues to decline in population and the crime is outrageous

    • @Pistolita221
      @Pistolita221 3 месяца назад

      Detroit homes cab still be rehabbed, we have housing for hundreds of thousands and Detroit has as much money as any other major us city. It's just old globalized money, but they're investing tens of billions now.

    • @timmmahhhh
      @timmmahhhh Месяц назад

      I'm sure it's a great city I hope to visit someday, but horrible winters with the lake effect. I used to live in NW Indiana where we had our share but nothing like you guys.

  • @marksoberay2318
    @marksoberay2318 2 месяца назад +2

    This is ridiculous. Cleveland is booming, people moved out if city to suburbs, but now back to city

    • @yodorob
      @yodorob Месяц назад

      In the past 5 or maybe 10 years, Orthodox Jews from the New York/New Jersey area have moved to Cleveland for cheaper housing and Ohio school vouchers and have added to an already big Orthodox Jewish community there.

    • @marksoberay2318
      @marksoberay2318 Месяц назад

      @@yodorob yes in Cleveland heights ironically driving up homes in those neighborhoods!

    • @yodorob
      @yodorob Месяц назад

      @@marksoberay2318 Not just east-central Cleveland Heights along S. Taylor between Cedar and Mayfield, but also in University Heights, Beachwood, etc.

  • @twilightcitystudios
    @twilightcitystudios 7 месяцев назад +6

    Go Cubs Go!
    Go Cubs Go!
    Hey Chicago What Do You Say?
    The Cubs Are Gonna Win Today!

  • @CharlieCampanella
    @CharlieCampanella 8 месяцев назад

    Great content as usual, Dan!

  • @Transmontaine
    @Transmontaine 7 месяцев назад +2

    You should have included West Virginia and parts of Kentucky in the region. They were both far more than coal. Steel, glass and chemicals were a big part of their Ohio Valley commerce.

    • @mayavenuemisfit814
      @mayavenuemisfit814 6 месяцев назад +1

      Absolutely. AK Steel had a huge plant in Ashland, Kentucky.

    • @Transmontaine
      @Transmontaine 6 месяцев назад +1

      @@mayavenuemisfit814 Exactly! All up and down the Ohio River were steel mills and glass factories.

  • @alejandrocervantes1527
    @alejandrocervantes1527 5 месяцев назад +2

    Milwaukee will be a big city again we r already on the right path and we r in Wisconsin the happiest state in USA 😊

  • @derek982
    @derek982 8 месяцев назад

    Another great video!

  • @jamesconnolly4778
    @jamesconnolly4778 8 месяцев назад

    Great video! So well done.

  • @dave3124
    @dave3124 4 месяца назад

    Very interesting video,

  • @daveharrison84
    @daveharrison84 2 месяца назад +2

    The great lakes region will be the most resilient part of the country to climate change.

  • @VistaMaps
    @VistaMaps 3 месяца назад +1

    RUST BELT IS W

  • @bawbjusbawb6471
    @bawbjusbawb6471 3 месяца назад +2

    The "rust belt"...
    One of the reasons it's called that because of the use of salt on the roads in the winter...
    In just a few winters, your "new" rust free vehicle shows signs of surface rust and small pinholes in structure...
    In about 5 years, you start seeing holes the size of quarters or bigger...
    In about 7 years, you have holes that you can stick your fist through...
    In 8 years, your sub-frames and chassis components are too trotted out to safely function...
    I worked on cars for a living after going to college and getting certified...
    The rusted piles of junk were horrible to work on...
    No one wanted to spend money to fix their cars properly because they were all broke...
    States like Ohio had no State Vehicle Inspections...
    I saw tie rods on trucks held together with coat hangers and duct tape...
    Brake rotors worn so badly there were no pads and the rotors were worn through the vents...
    I grew up deep in the "rust belt" of Middle Eastern Ohio on the borders of PA and WVA...
    It was a GOD awful place...
    There was NO opportunity and so much bigotry...
    If you weren't a Catholic or an Italian, you weren't getting hired in the mills... (which were the only decent paying jobs)
    School teachers and administrators ignored those who weren't "their own"...
    I joined the military...
    Went to college again...
    I retired in NC at the age of 55... (Something I NEVER would have been able to do in the "rust belt")
    When I visit these cities, I get a sick feeling in the pit of my stomach...
    Every one of my friends and family members who are still living there struggle...
    They have health problems from asbestos and polluted air...
    And I remember how polluted the rivers and lakes were... (The Ohio River caught on fire for crying out loud!)
    You're not going to attract people because of "fresh water"...
    The mines and the steel mills took care of that...
    And the railroads with their "accidents" are continuing the tradition...
    You want to live there...
    You can have at it...
    As far as I'm concerned, if GOD wanted to give the world an enema, He would start there...

  • @meltedicecreamsandwich
    @meltedicecreamsandwich Месяц назад

    Detroit reached 1.8 million in the 1950s not 1.5 million

  • @RareGenXer
    @RareGenXer Месяц назад +1

    First, "Rust Belt" is an exceedingly offensive term! I wish "journalists", elites and the ignorant would stop using that term. The "Great Lakes Region" or "Upper Midwest" would be much better. Other than generally crummy weather compared to the rest of the US, it's a great region. "Midwest Nice" rules. The stunning number of freshwaters; lakes (huge and small), major rivers and streams everywhere is the region's hallmark. Like mountains are in the West or Appalachia, deserts/sunshine in the Southwest, or East and West coastal waters. Cheap, nice, many wide-open spaces.

  • @haystephen
    @haystephen 8 месяцев назад

    Is Long Island considered part of the rust belt?

    • @TheDCShow0
      @TheDCShow0  8 месяцев назад +1

      No, sorry if i gave you that impression

    • @stephenheath8465
      @stephenheath8465 3 месяца назад +1

      Closest rust belt city to NYC is Patterson New Jersey which ironically is the country first Industrial City founded by Alexander Hamilton

  • @jamesgeorge4874
    @jamesgeorge4874 6 месяцев назад +2

    I sure as hell don't want to live in a city.

    • @jhodapp
      @jhodapp 5 месяцев назад +1

      To each their own, millions of people do.

    • @skandalmkdaniel3029
      @skandalmkdaniel3029 Месяц назад

      City life has gotten horrible. Agreed

  • @brianarbenz1329
    @brianarbenz1329 7 месяцев назад +4

    Minnesota supports education and taxes the rich to do so. Hence, its success.

    • @thomassalvi
      @thomassalvi 7 месяцев назад +1

      Minneapolis? Minnesota is losing population. You live in fantasyland. The Democrats are destroying the rust belt. It's the only common demoninator - LIBERAL policies FAIL. Minneapolis is now dying because of the socialst fools who wanted to "defund the police".

    • @Pistolita221
      @Pistolita221 2 месяца назад

      @@thomassalvi What can I say, we can't all be as prosperous as Louisiana.

    • @thomassalvi
      @thomassalvi 2 месяца назад

      @@Pistolita221 typical liberal response. No factual support for liberal policies, just criticize the poor. Well, the poor in Louisiana don’t burn down their cities. The only governance problems in Louisiana are the cities run by Louisiana Democrats

  • @take2theskiesx3
    @take2theskiesx3 2 месяца назад

    Not in our lifetime 🙃

  • @F_ckAllTrumpVoters
    @F_ckAllTrumpVoters 8 месяцев назад +12

    If the People in these area's abandon evangelical bigotry and other Republican "culture war" dead-ends, they might stand a chance in the future.

    • @sarahs5771
      @sarahs5771 8 месяцев назад +11

      What are you talking about? Chicago, Minneapolis, Detroit, NYC and Pittsburgh are all progressive. The other ones might be as well, but I'm not as familiar with their politics.

    • @F_ckAllTrumpVoters
      @F_ckAllTrumpVoters 8 месяцев назад

      @@sarahs5771 Chicago is a giant center of Capitalism & commerce for the USA. Leftists activists have been murdered in their homes in Chicago by the police.
      Minneapolis has never been a manufacturing center. Pittsburgh was abandoned by Capitalists for cheaper overseas labor. The same with the entire State of Ohio and Indiana. The Republican war on Unions for the past 50 years made it even worse.
      Then predatory evangelical bigotry stepped into the void with their mega-churches and no answers. Just Wal-Mart culture.
      Bland borderline human beings like Mike Pence.

    • @toolwithintention
      @toolwithintention 7 месяцев назад

      That has to be the most ridiculous thing I’ve ever heard!!
      You should look up the cities, and then visit everything out that way
      There you’ll find, the only bigot is @F_ckAllTrumpVoters who can’t see past CNN

    • @thomassalvi
      @thomassalvi 7 месяцев назад

      LOL....All these areas are declining BECAUSE of liberal leadership and failed liberal POLICIES. Every city that has become an economic disaster has ONE thing in common. DEMOCRAT leadership. Until the "Rust Belt" removes their reliance on the democrat party, the rust belt cities will remain poor, crime ridden, and failures.

    • @F_ckAllTrumpVoters
      @F_ckAllTrumpVoters 6 месяцев назад

      @@sarahs5771 Those are all international cities.
      The rural areas of these State's are where American culture goes to die.

  • @jasoncroghan6514
    @jasoncroghan6514 5 месяцев назад +4

    People generally don’t want to live in cities. Might have been trendy for millennials last decade but now we are starting families and buying homes in suburbs.

    • @Pistolita221
      @Pistolita221 3 месяца назад

      Lmao cities are not a millennial trend

    • @jmuench420
      @jmuench420 2 месяца назад

      People want to live in cities but aren't willing to deal with bad schools or excessive crime.

  • @drticktock4011
    @drticktock4011 6 месяцев назад

    AC invented by a Dr for his patients in Florida.