The Psychological Experiment Iceberg Explained
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- Опубликовано: 10 июл 2024
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Explaining some of the most fascinating psychological experiments ever conducted.
Sources: docs.google.com/document/d/e/...
Chapters:
0:00 - Intro
0:39 - Manufacturing Childhood Memories
2:19 - Flashbulb Memories
5:42 - The Stroop Effect
6:29 - Brocka and Wernicke's Aphasia
7:50 - Greebles
9:18 - Patient H.M.
11:11 - Railroad Spike Through the Head
12:43 - Jean Piaget
14:13 - The Asch Conformity Experiments
16:14 - Boat-Tree
17:05 - The Marshmallow Test
18:53 - Change Blindness
20:02 - The Multiple Personalities of a Blob
20:44 - Duncker's Candle Problem
22:06 - The Backfire Effect
23:56 - The Base Rate Fallacy, The Conjunction Fallacy, and Framing
26:13 - The Misinformation Effect
27:17 - The Propaganda Effect
28:33 - Thinking Outside the Box
29:22 - The Rosenhan Experiment
30:46 - Thinking with your (blank) is real
31:24 - Girls aren't actually bad at math
33:05 - Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment
34:13 - MKUltra
37:23 - Little Albert
39:22 - The Milgram Experiment
42:59 - Harlow's Monkeys
44:50 - Genie The Feral Child
48:14 - Outro
WOAH! you sound literally exactly like my roommate in 4th year and his name was also Duncan, and he also had an interest in philosophy and psychology and has the same profile pic as you and this is also his youtube channel. small world............
Damn bro that's a crazy coincidence
Mind = blown
Gabe is that you? No way bruh. Man the world is a small Place.
@@Pekara121 modec my man is that you?
@@duncanclarke this is my first video from you but needless to say you've gained a subscriber
Imagine telling a nurse from the psych ward “So yeah I’m not mentally ill I just pretended to be and I am in fact part of a study group in which my buddy David Rosenhan tries to prove how patients are dehumanized”
They’ll more than likely be like “yeah, sure buddy, you forgot to take your meds again”
That's a fair point, but the dismissive "take your meds" attitude is part of what they're getting at. There's a difference between dismissing what are obviously paranoid delusions and dismissing absolutely eveything the patient says
They’ll give them a nurses dose 😢
Everybody crazy says they’re not so that ain’t gonna help at all.
What i find weird about that expetiement is that the nurses are just doing what theyre job is. theyre job isnt to weed out fakers its so help people. if you say you need help theyre gonna take you seriously.
you should read “The Psychopath Test” by Jon Ronson. it’s a story about exactly what you said. A guy claimed that he merely pretended to be psychotic to avoid prison, since his friends had told him that patients in psychiatry get taken good care of. Unfortunately for him he was sent to a really tight place with some dangerous prisoners and wanted out, but the nurses concluded that going through with a plan to act mentally ill, means you’ve got screws loose in the first place. Every attempt he made to seem normal also backfired on him completely “wearing normal clothes and setting his hair nicely unlike the others, is just a sign of sociopathy, wanting to win trust” etc. etc. Psychology is fascinating, complex, but most of all scary
I feel so bad for lil Albert. Even after being told you are conditioned to have that reaction it won't stop you from having it for nearly the rest of your life. And it would be a struggle to condition yourself out of it. If you think about how kids are conditioned by their parents to have certain reactions to stimuli it Makes so much sense th issues we are facing these days. We really need to teach people how to be good parents to their kids when they have them.
@Purgatory Maybe Nah, his mother found out and moved him out of there. Apparently he actually died of old age, but just didn't like dogs too much.
@@darthmusturd9526 now I don't know which one's the real one lol
Amen
You are more so evolved to have empathy not conditioned. Humans generally have empathy and higher levels of socialization because working in groups ensured survival for our species so our frontal lobe developed even further. People can be conditioned to show less empathy but generally is requires problems with the frontal lobe to not have empathy.
@@darthmusturd9526 Damn, a baby dying of old age. That's sick
the marshmallow bit had me in tears. the editing and just the whole narrative was ungodly funny to me. the image of them smelling, petting and kissing the marshmellow while waiting feels like something out of a spongebob episode.
That story of Genie is unbearably sad. I hope she's okay now wherever she is. It reminds of the child of rage documentary, thankfully she recovered from her traumatic upbringing.
For real. Seeing kids being so mistreated gives me a special blend of sadness and anger. The world can be so fcked up huh?
Her father didn't deserve to kill himself...
He deserved to die slowly and painfully impaled with 11 broomsticks through his ass while being beaten relentlessly by buff cellmates.
I learned about Genie last year, I haven't been quite the same since. Her story moved me. Everyone should learn about her.
yeah true but what happened to her brother john tho??
@@cocopus I can't remember right now. All I know is I doubt we'll ever see a movie about it. It's just too dark and sad. There's not really a happy ending
The false memory thing is always a scary concept to me, as I have a lot of memories of childhood abuse, some of them I didn’t accept until adulthood. However nobody ever told me about these things, the abuse was very hush hush and most in the family pretended it never happened and would call me crazy when I talked about it.
Sorry to hear that bro
Do what?@TransferInProgress
@TransferInProgress ?
@TransferInProgressAh, thanks for clarifying.
@TransferInProgressthats so fucked up 💀💀💀💀
the experiment with little albert gets to me so much because a lot of terrible parents will intentionally make their child associate something harmless with something cruel happening to them and, as another layer of psychological torture onto their child, will go "why are you crying? its only a rat!"
like, the kid doesnt know why theyre crying either. i mean they know their instincts say theyre going to be hurt but they dont know WHY they think its going to hurt them.
and, just like little albert, they too live with lifelong triggers that cant be undone.
00000000000011
1
first iceberg I've seen that actually talks about interesting things instead of shocking and scary topics. 👏 probably my favorite
Realistic and knowledgable aswell. This is an underrated section/topic in youtube
Fortnite!😎🥶💯
legendary member
Actually talks about them as well instead of just saying the name of it and a one sentence explanation.
right? I just learned more in 50 minutes than I did in all of my college psych course
The Marshmallow Experiment was disproved in the last few years. It was determined that the ability to wait for the marshmallow was more a predictor of economic status than success later in life. Middle to upper class kids were more likely to wait for the second marshmallow. Just so happens that Middle to upper class kids are more likely to be successful
Thanks for pointing that out. That confounding variable makes a lot of sense in hindsight
Oh I get it. The poor kids are basically starving so eat what they can right away?? Survival instinct
@@lordhegamonster6931 IMO they’re more conditioned to expect uncertainty
I would also think that a child whos parents constantly yell and abuse the kid for breaking rules, would be too scared to not listen
@@barborapatkova1676 could be true too. Also keep in mind that abuse can and does happen at all income levels. So there are things that can throw off the studies that are not always apparent.
I can't imagine the terror of forgetting where you are or who you are with 30 seconds after you arrived
i've read that some people with brain damage like that from strokes get used to it over time. they simply live in the moment, or they relive the moments in the past that they remember. there was a documentary about this one man who, despite his amnesia, could play piano extremely well.
@@IcyPandaGirl do you by any chance remember the name of the documentary? It sounds rly interesting
So that's where Nolan got the inspiration for Memento.
@@oceanmango it might be the youtube video "the man with the seven second memory" not sure though, I just recall watching something like this
You should wach a movie called Momento (Directed by Christopher Nolan) Its a take on this condition and an absolute banger
The fact kids are only able to see things from someone else's perspective at age like 6-8 is crazy to me
IKR
I also have a faint memory (could be false due to how young I was) of being frustrated when I was little because I was of the impression that only I had a first person POV, whereas everyone else had third person POV. Bizarre lol
@@craycraywolf6726 I have this exact memory too! Crazy
Even sadder upon realizing that people continue to have trouble doing this far into adulthood
What? The children in the test ages 6-8 were only able to see from their OWN perspectives. The teacher asked the children to select the image of the mountains that showed how they would appear to the teacher. However the majority of the kids would choose the picture that showed THEIR OWN view of the mountains. You got it backwards lol
To me, the most fucked up one is the John Money experiment. The boy who was raised as a girl ended up committing suicide, and his twin (meant to be the control) died of a drug overdose.
I know, right? They thought they could change his gender identity if they gave him a vulva and raised him as a girl, but that furthermore proves why trans people's s*icide rates are so high. Like, imagine being a boy in a girl's body (or viceversa) and everyone treats you as such. It's horrible
I heard about this one in my sociology class. Completely messed with me
Can't force gender expression on people. It needs to be a personal choice, which this one wasn't
Wasn’t it from like a botched (and iirc somewhat unnecessary) circumcision that his parents worried about him being shrekshually unhappy or something? (Reimer’s Wikipedia says, “The parents, concerned about their son's prospects for future happiness and sexual function…” so not the best source but like?? He’s 7 months old maybe don’t rush into a decision unless it’s medically necessary like with his cir-) So they took him to an intersex surgeon to “fix” him that Money used as like some experiment? It’s been a while since I read it, I’ll go read it again and see what I got right vs wrong
Edit: I was right about the circumcision being unnecessary, after David’s was botched they decided not to operate on his twin and the phimosis went away without surgery. It was also an unconventional method of circumcision, “electrocauterization,” which sounds really painful ngl
John Money was known for his work with intersex patients and was beginning to be considered “a pioneer in the field of sexual development and gender identity.” (Sandi Mann: PSYCHOLOGY
A Complete Introduction, pg. 161) It’s been a while since I’ve done parenthetical citations pls correct me if I did it wrong
Anyways Money thought gender was a learned behavior, rather than innate and subjective, and persuaded David’s parents to raise him as female, they also “fixed” his botched surgery (ok I will inform you now that I personally don’t really like the idea of circumcising babies unless absolutely medically necessary, but in most cases it isn’t -and I’m just saying if they waited to circumcise David none of this would’ve happened- I will try to remain neutral but my biases may show through so I will inform y’all of that now)
Anyways then Money was like “woah it’s like an experiment, I even have a control because they are twins!” And it was considered pretty much successfully proving that gender identity is learned. (He also -(allegedly I didn’t actually find any sources and I don’t care to)- did some really fucked up things that I am not gonna talk about, y’all go down that rabbit hole yourself!) But then plot twist, at the age of nine, David was like “yeah no I’m not vibing with this” and stopped identifying as female, then at 15 transitioned to male. His story reduced the number of intersex surgeries performed at least! But yeah he did tragically take his own life in 2004, a few years after his brother overdosed on anti-depressants
Anyways the sources I used (sigh) Wikipedia, ISNA and the one I cited already, *PSYCHOLOGY
A Complete Introduction* by Sandi Mann, “Case study: David Reimer”
I forgot how fun researching was, I miss my psych class lol (no I don’t)
@@pezpeculiar9557exactly. So many people end up getting the wrong take away from this whole thing.
I used to teach English as a second language to Korean students, and I showed them the Stroop test as a fun lil game. We were just a small group, but we found it more difficult to do in our respective native languages than the languages we were actively learning 😅They had an easier time doing it in English, but got tripped up when I had them do it in Korean. Likewise I found it easier to do in Korean, but it was tougher in English, as if there was an extra millisecond or something where I had to fight the urge to just read the sight word. It was pretty funny actually
I’ve heard about genie many times and it’s heartbreaking that this is the first time I’ve heard about how intelligent she is. Other people only ever talk about her horrible upbringing as if that’s all thats worth noting about her
Not exactly a person of utility other than the yield that you can bring with lots of extensive research and experimentation. They missed many windows of opportunity for research and experimentation.
"Person of utility" lmao what? Are you okay? @@mintypickle4
@@mintypickle4 "not exactly a person of utility" is an extremely cruel and dehumanizing thing to say about another person. fuck you
@@mintypickle4yes but also it's a child who has already had a bad enough childhood, she shouldn't be given even more trauma from the experiments...
@@kaleighwilsmore9648 what doesn’t kill you makes you stronger, plus all the possible research and development into psychology you could learn from *just* that one girl is a good bargain for psychology research for years to come.
As for the flashbulb memory, I think the reason most people remember seeing things on TV is because that's when the reality truly sets in. It also gives them an image to associate with the memory. I remember hearing about Michael Jackson's death on TV, but thinking on it I wouldn't be surprised at all if I heard it from my mom or brother first.
Possible - however, a bit of anecdotal evidence leads me to speculate another possible explanation. I remember (who knows if correctly) hearing about MJ on radio in a car, as a kid on a family trip. This doesn't give me any image, other than a general back-seat-perspective. It's possible that the media, as those things we generally think of as sources of information on a mass scale creep into those kinds of memories, because we remember them as the big news that everyone payed attention to; so some form of (group, as in with friends or family, perhaps) media consumption seems like a very "natural" distorion.
I remember learning about the marshmellow experiment in my dev-psych class. Supposedly, one kid tried to eat only the inside of the marshmellow in order to trick the experimenter into thinking he didn't eat it 😆
As a psychology major I have to say you explained everything very well.Just another great video by Duncan!
P.S. The Rosenhan experiment is the greatest troll ever conceived, also a great conversation starter.
What a legend this Rosenhan fellow is
Are you kidding? The first one was absolute trash. He had to of left out alot of information about the study, or it was a trash study. Noone is told a false event occured in their lives and recites that narrative a few days later without having preexisting mental problems. There has to be more.
This Duncan guy strikes me as a disingenuous liberal, similar to teachers I had in social sciences. If women equal men in math (and eclipse men in reading) in the most 'egalitarian' Nordic countries, that could simply be because schools are somehow hostile to male performances, behaviors, and wants and needs. Males and females are not much alike, so the 'gender neutral' school experience must favor one over the other. This is a more reasonable speculation than what Duncan seems to wish to imply, which is that women are smarter than men, or the female sex ought to produce more genius minds than men. The problem is, all IQ distributions show exactly what the test scores @31:28 show, which is something in the range of 11 males for every 1 female at the highest levels of intelligence. If IQ distributions always show this, and history is full of male geniuses and very few female ones, then Duncan is just being ideological and arguably just lying. The best, and perhaps lone, achievement of the field of psychology is IQ, regardless of the opinions of the cretins in this field today, and IQ distributions always show that the male sex produces the vast majority of data points at the highest and lowest levels of intelligence.
@@guyincognito320you must be fun to hang around
@@whatabouttheearthyou’ve ovi not been around many kids
i think the marshmallow test fails to account for the foodsecurity correlating with factors that would contribute to a child’s successful upbringing and sat score etc and how their socioeconomic backgrounds are likely to influence their interactions when presented with the marshmallow. Great video though!
Yup! They checked the food security and home situations of kids in that test and would you know, that correlated strongly with whether they took it or not. Kids with worse family lives were also likelier to take it; if they weren’t raised in an environment where promises were kept, the adult’s words about a second marshmallow doesnt mean shit
@@yin9647 That just shows they had bad parents, not that they went hungry.
@@lainiwakura1776if you read the comment carefully you may note the word "also" which would indicate that the person was elaborating on the OP's statement AND adding an additional factor which made the test results unreliable.
@@yin9647Exactly right. Soooo many psychology experiments make much more sense when income is taken into consideration. Rich kids know they have more marshmallows at home, so they don’t take it. Then they grow up with better access to education and study materials to do better on the SAT than low income students. No surprises there. The same way “people who golf live longer!” ….because people who golf tend to have higher incomes and can afford better healthcare.
"Socioeconomic backgrounds"... lol you mean race?
One of my favorites, although not technically an experiment but a performance, is "Rhythm 0" by Marina Abramovic, basically showing how cruel an ordinary person can be, when you let them do whatever they want. Look it up, the artist got nearly killed in the process.
That sounds very similar to the experiment I'm surprised wasn't mentioned, the Stanford Prison Experiment
That, I feel like is the go-to, everybody knows about it, psychology experiment
I'm surprised it wasn't on the top of the iceberg. It's been disproved, but it's still very well known.
@@casualcrisis6349 what do you mean by disproven? It was a preformance piece it didn’t have a hypothesis to be disproven
@@casualcrisis6349 that’s not something that is disproven
@@Trashboat4521 maybe they were talking about the comment above them about the stanford prison experiment ? i think that one has been disproven
Stroop Effect:
I've even tried to name them in my native language to see if it was easier that way. It wasn't just not the case, but I found it much more faster to translate the word written than naming the color correctly.
Wow 😅 As someone who only speaks english fluently I actually thought it’d be easier for ppl who don’t speak english or not as their first language
Bruh me too 💀 my dumbass was like “uhhh red? Blue 🤨” then the “hard” one comes up and I read it like nothing 🤣
@@Kenny_2283 fr
I didn't think of that, actually I just blurred my vision and tried not to read anything, just a simple glance at the color
The Stroop Effect was interesting because for me it took a second or two for me to shut off my reading comprehension and then it became so much easier to name the colors.
This guy really likes psychology
Couple of things to add! I took a psychology course and we talked about all these, and I wanted to add a few things.
Harry Harlow, the one with the monkeys, went on to do something called the “pit of despair”, which was his way of producing depression in animals. The head space he was in when he did this was.. really bad. Not an excuse, but his wife died of cancer and he fell into a deep depression, which made him less interested in maternal love and more interested in isolation and deprecation. Interesting stuff.
Genie was one that was really sad to me because apparently at one point a researcher had taken her to a theme park and Genie said to this researcher “Genie happy”, which was a big breakthrough for her. And when the funding finally ran out… somehow genie ended up back in the arms of her mother, who felt that the researchers could not adequately help her child, and because she was taken away, her mental and social abilities deteriorate very quickly. THEN she was tossed around to different foster homes, so her mom didn’t even “keep her”. Fucked up.
Yeah, like apparently Harlow was infamous even among other researchers at the time. so its not like everyone was even ok with it.
14:14 I remember a conformity thing happening to me when I was in middle school. In one of my classes we did this exercise where there would be a question with four multiple choice answers. Everyone would go to one corner of the room that represented either A, B, C, or D. After a few questions I started to just go to the corner that had the most people in it.
Maybe our teacher was secretly doing this experiment on us :P
The solution proposed for Duncker's Candle Problem, while functional, would not last in the long term. The weight of the wax drippings would eventually cause the match box to droop and eventually fall.
Thus, the true solution is to simply rip the corkboard off the wall, place it on the floor, and affix the candle to the floor corkboard 😌
Follow me for more long term life hacks.
had the same idea... just take it off the wall, it was not prohibited ;p
As the candle melts, the wax drips as it changes from one form to another. However, is still the same amount of weight, but in a different form. No matter is added. Thus, the platform would not fall.
Literally the way I "solved" the problem too! Haha
Place the box on the floor right under where the wax drops
I had the same thought lol
I work in labor a lot and have a real issue with grabbing just the wrong tools a lot. I always grab a tool I figure I could use, but in most cases it most certainly isnt THE tool for the job. When you showed me the matchbox candle and corkboard, I immediately thought about using the box for a support. I think I just dont have a functional fixed part of my brain! Nice!
I've never been so sad to reach the end of a video. Well done, you've gained a subscriber! Psychological experiments are such a fascinating topic, and the calm, yet empathetic voice to describe them was a major bonus. Well scripted, well edited, and well presented.
Genie’s story kills me every time. We only have one life, one childhood, and that one opportunity she had was taken away from her and because of that she’s never lived a normal life.
I think conformity could also be linked to our survival instinct. Sometimes if you are the outlier it can threaten your wellbeing and in the past following the heard was crucial to our survival.
the "girls are bad at math" thing is so funny tho. like, when i was in school, pretty much every girl i knew had a significantly easier time at math than any of the boys(which includes me). even my mom was mediocre at math while my dad was absolutely abysmal
That's nice but your personal anecdote is meaningless
Yeah, that's how it happens. Experiments always try to isolate one variable. I notice girls tend to have an easier time in school overall
Some studies have revealed that male infants exposed to high levels of testosterone tend to have heightened activity in the amygdala and hippocampus, as well as accelerated brain maturation. These infants may also exhibit increased levels of aggression and dominance behaviours. Furthermore, research suggests that higher testosterone concentrations in male infants may be associated with improved intellectual performance later in life.
and Scandinavian men have the lowest testosterone since the optimum temperature for the balls to produce testosterone is 35 'C, also sun is a vital resource for vitamin D which plays a key role on producing testosterone
@@that_deadeyegamer7920 another anecdotal example, dad had a breakdown trying to figure out my middle school math and mom had her math down. To be honest, I don't really attention to which gender is better at math. We all should possess the skills to "math". When we all inevitably end up 6 feet under or ashes, does "hur dur we're superior due to x factor" really put your soul to rest?
My dad is an actuary and loves math, while my mom is not particularly great at math. I (female) am currently studying math in college and have never struggled, while one little brother is terrible at math, one is ok, and the other brother is also really good. I don't think gender has that much to do with your mathematic abilities, as much as genetics. Also, when I feel like I'm good at math, I tend to do better than when I think that I'm not.
The level of pride I feel for figuring out the candle one on my own will probably carry my ego for a few months.
One of the few videos I’ve seen lately where “meme flash bangs” made me laugh out loud, thank you for that
I love the term "meme flash bangs"
In regards to the strop effect, my mind kept attempting to say orange because of the overwhelming red & yellow I was so irritated cause the color I was actually meaning to say was green
I totally failed the candle test. My answer was taking the cork board off the wall, putting it on the ground and just placing the candle on it
That's a clever one. I wonder if any of Duncker's subjects tried that
Same haha :D. I also intended to draw some really long lines for the 9 dot one, since the dots seemed wide enough for them to be a bit askew. Maybe even draw on both sides of the paper, one very long very slightly tilted line. Dunno if I'd come up with the triangle one though, I think i got caught with thinking of it as a square.
@@duncanclarke I thought the same.
tbh i’d say that’s actually a more correct solution xD propping up the candle using the matchbox is a good temporary solution, but using the corkboard as a base actually guarantees that the floor will stay clean
Same!
The story of HM is even more fked. They constantly had him doing new tests and signing contracts and disclosures even though everyone knew he wouldn’t remember what those papers were for as he was signing them. I think they ended up going to court over this because he clearly is not of sound mind in the legal sense and therefore anything he signed should be immediately declared not legal as he can’t consent.
He was able to remember what his “apartment” looked like (his room at the mental hospital/long term care facility he lived in) but still used terms as if it was his childhood house. He even mapped it out.
Very interesting, but completely messed up how they kept testing on him knowing he can’t legally consent.
I study psychology and I've seen many of these experiments in class and it actually helped me with some exams lol
fantastic video! all of these studies were presented with concise and detailed information, while still being engaging. ive learned a few of these in my psychology class but they were all so interesting in the way you portrayed them.
So ,basically, the Milgram experiment shows what Hannah Arendt said about banality of evil.
Exactly. That's a really apt comparison to draw, and now I'm kicking myself for not mentioning it in the video
@@duncanclarke ahh not sure if anyone will see this but I'm commenting here since it seems like a lot of people are looking at this post, but the actual Milgram experiment didn't prove this at all! it was an extremely bad study and has been debunked, and even the data that he collected didn't support the conclusion that everyone associates with his "experiment" (people actually REFUSED to comply with the researchers when they were commanded to continue the experiments). Please consider doing a video that goes through all the bad psychological experiments like this that everyone thinks they "know." Stanford Prison experiment, marshmallow test etc... I think you have a wonderful voice and make quality videos, but I also think you have a responsibility to better research some of the topics that you're introducing to thousands of people in your videos.
I think I have to add that there have been several rebuttals and criticisms to Milgram (and Arendt) regarding the holocaust, because the experiment and real life circumstances were incomparable. DOI:10.1177/0959354315601231, Allan Fenigstein, and James L Taylor pertain to these criticisms, with Fenigstein especially citing many many papers throughout the 80s and 90s
This is only loosely relevant to your comment. Since you mentioned Eichmann in Jerusalem.
The concept that a person could commit evil acts for mundane reasons is believable. I think Adolf Eichmann would be a very poor example to try to make a case of it though. He genuinely took a sick pride in his acts of murder and they were fueled by his own Anti-Semitic feelings. Even if those feelings were systematically amplified. He was not some cog in that system, he was a key figure in the carrying out of a genocide and he was aware of it. I have not read Eichmann in Jerusalem. I am only stating that the concept of the banality of evil is not demonstrated by Eichmann. That is my main gripe with that literature. I believe the concept of the banality of evil has very real applications in our modern lives. For example, pollution and climate change caused directly by unethical business practices. Their motivation is not to destroy the environment, it is to make money.
@@archivethearchives that's exactly it, systematically murdering people ≠ some shock experiments. it's a wildly inadequate but unfortunately popular comparison to draw
that thinking outside the box one is worded so frustratingly, i immediately considered going "outside the box" but interpreted "retracing the line" to mean one straight line couldnt pass through another
This was honestly the best Iceberg video i have ever watched/listened to.
I’m so glad the almighty RUclips algorithm brought me to your channel. I Love the subject matter and your passion certainly shows in the few videos I’ve watched of yours so far.
Love your sense of humor as well, gave me plenty of lols all throughout
The boat-tree method and picture mnemonics is what we used as pre-med students to learn all 350 med terms. Not everyone learns the same, but creating a some kinda picture in your head is usually really effective. That and repetition
Dude this is such good content. I can’t believe you’re not a huge channel.
I really enjoy your iceberg videos, topics are really interesting and they way you talk about them seems well researched. Subscribed :)
Something i find really funny is that i am taking a first year psychology class right now and we actually examined more experiments from the second layer than from the first layer.
I don't really know why but this video was pretty informative, because despite not talking about the experiments themselves, we talked about their results and just had to accept them as fact, with no real basis
It makes sense why they didn't get into that stuff in more detail in an introductory course. It's such a broad field and they have to cover so much material. More specialized courses would probably explore these kinds of experiments in more depth.
Nice Jojo pfp by the way.
It’s criminal this Doesn’t have more views, great job Duncan!
This video just poped up on my timeline and safe to say this was very interesting
Damnnnnnn, looking at all of these different experiments is reminding me of when I used to learn some of these back in high school and college. I always loved psychology and how the brain worked and how pretty much a majority of us all had similar experiences in our lives. Especially things from our childhood like the moon/sun following us, picturing little guys doing parkour while looking out the window, etc. it’s crazy how similarities like this can spread across different people across the world
Visualizing the little guy doing parkour on car rides is essential. I wonder if those kinds of common experiences correlate with better visual imagination. Maybe folks with aphantasia never imagined the little guy
@@duncanclarke I have MADD and I can easily imagine scenes so realistic that it feels like I'm watching a movie. I also have a drawing hobby and I just copy something from my brain (not perfectly, of course, hands have to know what to do too, haha). And I have no idea what little guys are you people talking about... On train rides (my family doesn't have a car) I used to imagine just stories, fairlytales, characters from cartoons as well as my own creations, talking to someone etc. I guess it depends on a person.
And there am i, who never had any of that. Like for me i generally don't have that "universal human life experience". Maybe I'm autistic.
@@shabilioness7240you basically imagine a random small person essentially following you by doing crazy parkour on buildings.
I sometimes take it up a notch by making my hand (shaped standing up by flipping the peace sign, using my index and middle fingers as legs) do the parkour lol.
its funny how i recognized a couple the psych experiments from the beginning, way more after the second half, but recognized every thing under the iceberg. thank you first year of psych a-levels. i havent taken any psych course since or before that year and yet all those studies are cases we looked at
The last one broke my heart. I wish i could give her a hug ☹️
As a social work major who loves psychology I loved this video! First video I’ve seen of yours as well.
Late to see this but had to comment. This was great! Thanks so much .It's one of the best longer videos I've ever watched on YT, truly.
GREAT VIDEO, I have split up the watching of this video into many parts just so I can enjoy it longer, funny enough reading Freud in between over the course of 3 days. All I have to say is that your engaging presentation may just well be the ignition to a possible future vocation, thank you
The philosophy one was great as well, truly cannot wait to see more
An interesting case with the boat-tree segment is that this method of memorization is used and perfected in the blindfolded rubik's cube solves, as a way to link letters to objects, and then those objects to a scenario.
I recall being taught the Little Albert case back when I attended a catholic highschool and took a grade 12 U level Human Growth and Development course, provided me with alot of depth into psychology and I graduated being top of that class, but having to write about the Little Albert case really got to me.
15:20 here’s the thing, though - the stakes were very low. No one would get hurt, they wouldn’t lose their job or anything. There’s a certain level of humility in a person who doesn’t assume they’re right all the time. So this gives us some interesting data in group behavior.
What’s interesting and scary is when there’s a moral dilemma, or somebody could really get hurt or die
I remember learning most of these in AP psychology, I’ll definitely take a psychology minor when I go to university soon, but I expected this iceberg to have darker psych experiments hidden from the world.
Jose Delgados text 'Physical Control of the Mind: Toward a Psychocivilized Society'
what a fantastic video and so well made too. as a psych student I loved watching this and seeing what I already knew and also learning many new things. love it more psych content please!
This channel is absolutely amazing! Good job man!
Facial blindness is the worst thing ever because I can’t remember family members I’ve seen at least several times before. It is usually a symptom of neurodivergence.
I’m honestly surprised Seligmann’s Learned Helplessness experiment was not on here.
TLDR, electrocuted dogs so they couldnt jump over a gate. Even when the electrocution was taken away, dogs gave up and didn’t even attempt to jump over the gate.
maybe because it is unspectecualr obvious. Here's a similar one: A group of monkeys got punished (all of them) when one of them tried to access some bananas hanging in the room till they learned not to go for the bananas. Monkeys were switched out and new monkeys were punished by the other monkeys for trying to reach for the bananas. If I remember correctly at some point none of the monkeys in the group actually ever got punished and none tried to go for the bananas.
Absolutely incredible work, thank you for the time and thought you put into this. You’ve got a loyal sub from me.
Excellent video. Just a great effort. Keep it up!
I'm a professional animal behaviorist that follows the theories and practices of Pavlov and Watson, but I'm proud to say that we don't torture people or animals to prove that the method is highly effective anymore. We generally focus mostly on removing conditioning like that and replacing it.
But yes, it's much easier to record and analyze and predict behavior, as well as its changes, using these methods. I can record the data harvested from training a dog through a designed behavior plan and predict how quickly it is going to improve as well as whether or not it's going to be able to reach a desired goal or not, which is important when the animal shelter you work for asks if a severe bite case is going to repeat the behavior or if it can be safely rehomed. It eliminates personal bias and gives you hard numbers to present your case with.
"None other than Albert Einstein." Proceeds to show a picture of Carl Sagan. Made me spew my lemonade on that one.
Close enough
this was so informative and well done! really enjoyed it
The solution to the candle problem was pretty easy, took a few seconds to figure out, but the nine dots completely stumped me.
The marshmallow test was poorly presented. The truth of why more the kids who waited had more success later in life is because they had rich parents. And poor kids didn't want to miss the chance of eating the marshmallow, while rich kids believed they would get the second one if they waited. Poor kids had before in their lives promised things that they could get if they only wait a little longer, but that never come true. When they repeated the test but instead with both marshmallows visible much more kids decided to wait for the second one.
Interesting criticism. Do you have a source backing it?
@@Trapping_ackbar7 Yes, i do. The first paragraph notices the differences that could effect the project. But you can also read the whole thing. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_marshmallow_experiment#Results
I feel proud I got the Duncker candle problem correct. The only problem I thought about the answer was how heavy the candle might be and if the box could support the weight of the candle, but I reasoned that whatever the answer might be should involve the box being beneath the candle.
this was a very well made video, good job!
I took psychology for a whole semester in HS. One experiment that got my eye was the Stanford Prison Experiment and idk why but it was just what psychology was about. I got a C on that class and I regret not taking it more serious when I was a teenager. Now as an adult I am fascinated by the brain and how human behavior works. Psychology may not be for everyone but if any are interested in it, just don’t do what I did (take the class and hope you pass)
This iceberg really made me remember those days. Great video!
what do you think of the experiment? im taking a class taught by one of the primary experimenters and its interesting to hear public opinion now that I’ve heard what it was like and what its purpose was from a firsthand account.
Personally it was fun to learn, but it made me feel bad for the prisoners since they were powerless against the cops who had authority. It was when they sent 2 prisoners home and left the experiment that I got invested cause of the strict and abusive rules the cops kept giving out to them if they revolted or fought back. And then it was the point where Zimbardo decided to stop it after 6 days in which where I can relate to this Iceberg video of the disturbing effect of psychology. I feel if this experiment was carried out the full two weeks, somebody could’ve died. Thankfully it didn’t but learning it in class was an experience. 10/10
I thought the Stanford Prison Experiment was just a creepypasta? Or a thought experiment?
Nah it was a real thing, in fact I’m pretty sure Zimbardo and the students involved are still alive and walking on this Earth. Also last thing I remember, nobody had nothing serious like brain damage once the experiment stopped so I’m sure they’re living normal lives.
Getting interogated under lsd in that environment would be actually fucking terrifying
10:20 Reminds me of that one Stand Power in JoJo Stone Ocean, I think it was called Jail House Lock and made you remember only 3 things and the other things'll get invisible for you. If you got any new memory the first one gets deleted
11:15 Oh and *THE BITE OF 87'?!*
12:43 So basically, Gage lost his ability to not act out on intrusive thoughts
Thank god I finally found a good video that goes over all the information that's used to manipulate people! You did such good work!
Learning/learned about these in my current psych class, great stuff!
Duncan I really like your uploads keep up the great work
I can't wait to watch this video, what a cool concept
I pressed the button. So that 2.5-3 years I’ll remember that you asked me to because I wasn’t subscribed. This memory will not change. Back to flashbulb memories…
+1 subscriber for top tier content that isn’t just reiterations of well known experiments 👏🏼♥️
7:15 I get aphasia like this from time to time, in my case it is "transient aphasia" because it comes and goes rather than being permanent. Its related to a disorder I have that while somewhat common, isnt very well understood, that being migraine with aura.
I carry a card that gives a brief explanation of aphasia and some emergency contact numbers for further explanation or to get me help if I need it (usually don't because it rarely lasts longer than 30 mins). I mostly carry it so that people don't panic, because that mixed with my other side effects kinda makes it look like I'm having a stroke.
BIG D does it again🔥💪
His D is so huge
Holy shit great work Duncan you’re clearly gonna go on to do amazing things, can’t wait to see where you end up man keep up the great work
I love it when uncle Joey shows up when i least expect it!
Awesome video. When you were talking about remembering 9/11 I realized that quite possibly is the first memory I ever had. I was born in June 1999 so I would have been around 2 years old. I kind of remember it vividly; the preschool staff were scrambling and talking over the radios, and I distinctly remember one of the Staff was crying , and I saw what I called a "twinkle" in her eye from the tear. I think it was the first time I saw an adult cry.
I feel so proud having noticed the pants change
Great narration and production. Thank you ❤
The candle problem's solution of using the matchbox as support was immediately apparent, serves as a good reminder though to keep thinking outside the (match) box :)
I thought I was the only one who saw Greebles ???!?!!?!??!
I think that Dunker's candle problem is a great way to see if someone is an inventor or artist. People with functional fixedness have a hard time creating ideas. I sew, crochet, and build. I'm good at coming up with ideas and how to make something easier. I was good at tests my philosophy teacher would make up.
Monumental project, great job man
5:00 in my Psych class we went over how possibly Flashbulb Memories are remembered because of the emotions felt in that moment, but of course as time goes on the Reliability goes down despite the individual believing it's the same, whether they are like normal memories or not it shows how unreliable human memory is even for shorter time frames like a week
I remember 9/11 clear as day. I was playing Elden Ring on my PS5. My brother pulled up to show off his new Tesla Plaid. I pulled my iPhone out to post a clip of us to TikTok when I saw the news alert. Crazy day.
🤣🤣🤣
Really well made, I thought this would’ve had a million views before checking
man this video is so good, good job man
during the conformity test, the "which line is most similar?" bit is one thing but for the "which way to face in the lift" bit, it makes sense to comform. it could be that facing one way is unsafe, considered rude or not following company policy (could get you fired) for whatever reason.
i love how 3/4 of all of your videos is just explaining level one of each iceberg
most effort found in an iceberg video
Well done good pace. I'd like to see more on this subject in your channel
I felt so smart when I figured out the Duncker’s Candle Problem on my own lol! Great video btw.
This is my new favorite channel
What we know about MKULTRA is also so small because the only existing documents came from a a single box improperly filed so it avoided destruction.
The scary thing is there’s a single handwritten note you can find on the CIA database from the director that refocused efforts to new subgroups to avoid scrutiny and oversight. This happened in 75 and it’s likely that those programs continue to this day, albeit likely in underprivileged countries.
The CIA contra scandal has lots of the same players too. People engaged in the MK programs still work for the government to this day. Just because they say it’s illegal now doesn’t mean they don’t do it, they’re just more cautious about being caught.
Russians were actually trying to help their cosmonauts and made some cool substances. American medicine is opioid addictions and advertisements of useless drugs.
But what would they get from doing these experiments for almost half a century?
@@ююю-ч9д if you have to ask what a government intelligence organization would benefit from years of secret unethical studies into the field of manipulating human psychology en masse, then you haven’t paid any attention to world history I’ve rather last 10,000 years. The whole point of governments and empires has been figuring out how you get a bunch of people to do what you want.
It’s not the point to just say it’s the “mind control” program. The drugs were just one small subsection of the program that were a part of understanding the brain and human cognition. It’s not about drugging people to make the Manchurian candidates, that’s fun and flashy stuff. It’s more like the video Information Warfare Defining and Analyzing-Cycon 2019.
The stuff theyve presented in that conference is the kind of stuff mkultra legacy programs discover. How do you think they can make claims like “we know this about people “ if they haven’t actually run tests of it.
@@ююю-ч9д they would get to be scary and...... uh jewish people?? yeah that'll do
/j
they probably dont do the EXACT same studies if theyre still doing them, and if they are doing drug testing it's more likely for finding new poisons or a way to make people forget things. Maybe it worked? Idk i dont look into these things