Looking at windows just scratches the surface of Wright’s obsession with his home. The mortar on the fireplace is thicker horizontally than vertically to create an impression of parallel lines. And for the same reason, every flathead screw is carefully twisted so it has a horizontal line as well. Thanks for watching. -Phil
Feels great to see ur work all the time and the best thing about u is that, u r so down-to-earth and nvr take any credit for the work delivered. Bro i also started a channel in that case. If possible plz give a shoutout for my channel
@@Lovelymo didn’t exactly copy… though he did take some decorative inspiration and general proportions/building techniques from Japanese architecture/art as well as native American.
Out here in Maricopa County Arizona, the older locals say that Frank Lloyd Wright was testifying at a lawsuit trial in downtown Phoenix and one attorney asked him if he was the Greatest Architect in the World to which he replied "Yes." It was a long drive back to his Scottsdale home and, by the time he arrived there, his wife had heard some drive time radio disk jockeys joking about his testimony on the air. When confronted my Mrs. Wright about his blatant show of arrogance, Mr. Wright replied, "Sweetheart, I was under oath."
One thing that I know by way of my Grandfather, who was very much inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright, was that window placements in these sorts of houses were often designed with the seasons in mind. Putting smaller windows up higher and under overhangs results in the sun shining directly in during the winter months, when the sun is lower, and then the direct sunlight would be blocked off during the summer months when the sun is higher. This all means that the house is naturally warmer in winter and naturally cooler in summer. It's all really quite extraordinary.
Also, knowing the tilt of the sun in winter and summer *at that latitude.* Will you have summer sun in the front yard and winter sun in the back? Are you far enough from the equator that the sun doesn't ever cross the center of the sky, even at solstice? Southern hemisphere, take your whole northern hemisphere plan and invert it. Every day I suffer from having an east-facing bedroom, not being a morning person. I think about this a lot... I've not bought my own house, but in fever dreams where I imagine that could ever happen, I think checking a compass for each room will be a priority.
@@AppleIPie indeed. For me, a southwest facing living room (or south AND west on corners) and a north facing bedroom are necessities. Every apartment I’ve lived in did that bar one.
I already said this to someone else but since your comment is almost identitical I'll repeat it. Modern is a period. His work will always be modern; time cannot change this fact. It will never again be contemporary though.
You could tell the design contains a level of creativity that is probably not replicable under the current real estate economy. It looks modern because it was probably created under a circumstance which permits wide latitude of experimentation.
Penetrating lights trough holes on the wall is indeed is a very magnificent and organic form of art in architecture. As a person who works in this field i sometimes spend so much times in Sketchup (the app they used in the video) just to admire the pattern of the shadow created by the technique. Really bring sense of time and place and life to the building.
They are called Jaalis in India...Perforated high windows, some even elaborately carved are such an integral part of a lot of traditional architecture. A lot of Indian palaces have elaborately carved privacy windows on upper floors meant for inhabitants to watch processions and festivals in the street while keeping their privacy and security. In South India where the traditional architecture called Naalukettu which is very different from North India, the same concept can be seen, as decorative horizontal wooden trails covering the sides of entire height of second floor up to the gabled roofs.
It's so good to see our people spreading our knowledge everywhere. Shows that even in the midst of this vast westernization some people are still connected to their roots. Again, thank you for sharing this. Have a great day ahead!
That's very interesting natural lighting used be kind of important to those pre electric and gas. In the sims when I build I still put an importance on natural light, I'm not as against attics, and a certain degree on garages. since you can always build thru walk away.
Phil Edwards is really out here doing VRay daylight accuracy checks on 3D designers online. This is the commitment to the investigations I really appreciate. No stock videos, no generalized commentary, nitty gritty - truly interesting topics. Kudos!
I've lived in a house for the last two years that is like a cave. It's trapped in other houses and the way the light travels in, it's always super dark. Wright has got a point that light is an essential component to building design. A problem that can't just be solved with fixtures.
I'd be lying if I said I liked his designs, but his use of light was genius. I love all the ideas he combined in his work, like the open floor plan, no curtains, ground heat, minimalism and a general uniqueness in expression and attempt at integration with nature. It all just falls a bit through for me on the execution.
LOL ok armchair architect. Thanks for your expert analysis. Sorry FLW (the most groundbreaking American architect in history) doesn't do it for you. We alllll care.
I agree. I find that the ideas are great, but the end result can be a bit oppressive. Having said that, many of Wright's clients spent their entire lives in the houses they commissioned, so perhaps they grew on them. Admittedly, it was also a less mobile society back then.
@@michaelepp6212 How on earth would you find "the end result can be a bit oppressive" in FLW houses? Oppressive? WHAT What is "oppressive" about it? The use of natural light or the indoor/outdoor or the motifs from nature and geometry or.....? I'm curious about how you find FLW's architecture "oppressive"
@@helpfulcommenter I've been to a few of his houses and I've found them dark inside, probably due to the extensive use of wood and brick, which weighs on me, as do the low ceilings and proportions. I also find his 'total work of art' approach - designing all the furniture, etc., stifling. I'd prefer to choose my own armchair. Wright himself admitted that a lot of his chairs were unsittable for any length of time. I love his houses from the outside - they are plastically incomparable - and certain charming interior elements, such as hearths, stained glass, and murals. For me though, still, "They're nice places to visit, but...."
A lot of old architecture, before central heat and air conditioning, used window placement and overhangs that took into account the angle of the sun at different times of the year to bring in heat in the winter and exclude it in the summer. Once central heat and AC became common and fuel was relatively cheap, less attention was paid to orienting the house to the sun.
We still consider sun orientation and passive cooling here in the Philippines (or other tropical countries). We don't rely too much on HVAC because it is not cost efficient.
@Zaydan Naufal I'm not sure if you're joking or not but Odisha (previously spent Orissa) is a state in South Eastern India. Odessa is the region you're talking about in Ukraine.
I create models like this for work - you would be astonished at how incredibly precise we can make any aspect of the model, including lighting. Most of the time clients just use this tech to make their buildings look pretty at sunset, but I hope we can get more people like FLW who really appreciate how a building integrates with its surroundings. With current tech he would probably be even more masterful.
@@PotatoMaGobinus Right now I’m working for a construction company making 3D & VR logistics, and at home I do the more creative fun stuff 😉 Always try and keep on top of the newest tech trends like UE5, TwinMotion, and plugins to make your stuff shine!
@@IgorAntarov There are free plugins that convert scenes into 360 photos you can see in VR, but most ways to convert Sketchup into VR cost money. We use Modelo or UE’s built in stuff.
Yeah, seeing Phil Edwards so astounded by the fact that 3d models and rendering are so accurate is a bit funny. Geographic location and elevation can be inputted even in the most basic 3D software (like Google Sketchup) and that automatically gives you the correct sun position by date and time. All you got to do is make sure that the orientation of the model is correct. Also making sure the model is as close to reality as possible in terms of width and materials can help...
The first time I heard of Frank Lloyd was back in the 90s, it was an article about the waterfall house in the Arabic edition of scientific American, and ever since I'm in love with every design I've seen. Years later I moved to the US and living in Wisconsin his home state. Frank Lloyd is undoubtedly one of the greatest architects of all times, if not the greatest of them all!
@@tychay 😂now I know it's Fallingwater, and you are correct the waterfall house is how it was translated to Arabic, reading my original comment, I should've clarified that, and I can edit it now, but it's too much work 😁
I grew up in the Chicago Area and always loved the Frank Lloyd Wright homes. My dad and I would drive all over looking at them. I do love me some Prarie homes!
Frank Lloyd Wright is my favorite architect. When I was in Art and Design high-school my teacher Miss. Buerger had this massive book about Falling waters and it was my favorite book.
If you're looking for more of this special design, look up one of Wright's most famous designs; Falling Water. It's this beautiful small house right on the edge of a waterfall. It blends so beautifully with the falls and the surrounding hillside. There's tons of windows and decking that pull occupants outside while also bringing some of the outside in.
And it leaked like a sieve. Overrated, only a champion to pompous brown nosing fools.. Can you interview people that don’t have to dramatise every sentence.. You don’t Sound like an authority on architecture, they are houses and buildings, designed as more art pieces, then practical dwellings.
Ironically, Falling Water is one of his ‘failed’ project. I remember reading its inhabitants (the original commissioner FLW had built this house for; and the ones afterward) ended up selling this house because of many technical issues.
To say that Falling Water is a failure because it's not functional is like saying that music that doesn't make you dance is a failure. Of course it'd be cumbersome and tedious to live in. Among the myriads of technical glitches, the rooms are not fitted to a reasonable scale. It's influence and impact nonetheless is a testimony to the fact that it's probably one of the most innovative creations of the twentieth century
Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture is so amazing when you learn about his thoughts behind each element of this house. The idea of using light in this way makes the house feel like it is alive.
Vox (and Phil Edwards), you’ve outdone yourself. I’ve been fascinated with Frank Lloyd Wright’s windows and architecture for years and this video was so extraordinarily made. Thanks!
I could weep at the beauty and elegance of FLW's work. He's up there with Oscar Niemeyer for me. Just creating stunning breathtaking work. I still absolutely love that Aztec style house that he built in Los Angeles -- Ennis House. I'd love to have a home in the same ravishing style.
0:42 The technical names for these clerestory windows are "brontosaurus", "log-on-a-pig" and"rabbit-behind-a-stump" windows. Also featured are the equally stunning "updside-down brontosaurus", "updside-down log-on-a-pig" and "updside-down rabbit-behind-a-stump" windows.
@@benjamintillema3572 The design them this way so that when sunlight hits the window, it shines upon the opposite or adjacent walls in the shape of a beautiful sunny brontosaurus, a beautiful sunny log-on-a-pig, or a beautiful sunny rabbit-behind-a-stump.
I was hoping he would explain the shapes, but I guess they are their own justification. The sun didn't know it's own beauty until it was projected onto a wall as log-on-a-pig.
“Liminal space” has become such a meme-y phrase these days that I fear we’re losing it’s original meaning. I suppose that’s just the nature of language, but still. I would argue that Frank Lloyd Wright’s intentionality in design and consistent detailing in his work directly opposes the “liminality” of other industrialized early 20th century and postwar architecture. His buildings are specifically supposed to be one off experiences in every room, with special care taken to make even transitional spaces communicate with the rest of the project- like with the specialized light coming in through the clearstories in the hallway displayed in this video, or the architectural tricks he would play with ceiling height to make a house feel like it was contracting and expanding as you traveled trough it, etc. What is left outside of the “liminal” and “chilling” bubble if we start using those terms to describe careful work like Wright’s?
@@BrandNeutral Nobody's debating the weighty merit of his work, or the attention paid to shaping these unique spaces. It's a deeply personal observation to say that a space gives you disturbing Lost Highway vibes, not a robust critique of his output. There's also no need to deride such observations of 'depressing decor' as it were as meme-y and somehow therefore lame. Fact is, he shares the milieu with actually unsettling Modernist structures so a bit of it bleeds through, right?
Thanks for covering this underappreciated aspect of the Usonian house. I like to think of these perforated abstract clerestory panels as abstract leaves or shadows, and the principle goal is to create a dappled light effect when combined with the roof overhangs, and to make it feel like you're under and around trees. As FllW said, "as dignified as a tree in the landscape."
Great vid thx. I think in such cutouts, he was also emulating sunlight patterns cast through tree branches. I’ve noticed this affect looking out of my own window toward a nearby white wall one morning. The strange patterns reminded me so much of his cutout patterns. It was a real ‘Ah-ha!’ moment. And I like how it changes throughout the year. Brilliant stuff. Cheers.
I agree 1000%. This would especially be pronounced in the late Fall and Winter months through deciduous trees. That's FLW bringing the outside natural light patterns into a home especially In the times of year when the sun angles are low.
The planning of Levittown wasn't so much an antithesis of FLW's work, it was much more an agreeance with his concept for American housing that he presented in "Broadacre City". Design schools in the 1930s were beginning to define the difference between architects and planners, and I think FLW is a good example of why that separation was necessary. FLW was controlling of the experience he wanted you to have in the spaces he designed, but that control isn't an effective strategy for designing housing at a dense city scale.
Well that's coincidental, I visited the Pope-Leighey house last weekend. Great tour, the guide spent a lot of time discussing the windows of the house.
I watch this video and what wright made of this house and as an architect I think of my own clients who half the time don't bother to listen and just change things during construction without my knowledge and wonder how wright ensured all his details and plans were followed to the "T". I'm very happy to have architecture such as this in the world that we truly observe and appreciate. Wright was a genius.
I would love to see a design for a $150,000 home that has the cheapest dollar amount for upkeep… not just your annual bills for things like water, gas,electric but having to replace stuff like siding, roofs, or stuff like that. Even down to having to remove/replace/repair hvac systems or water heaters. As well as upkeep like cleaning solar panels, etc… I never knew how much a house costs after you buy one. In fact I wish that was the kind of stuff we teach kids in school, that and money management(to include what college really costs and why certain degrees are just a path that leads to debt and a useless degree that you can’t actually find employment opportunities for).
A really cool thing about Wright was that he designed every part of the house, including the furniture and their arrangement in the room. In fact, he would sometimes show up to the homes unannounced and would get very upset if the occupants had changed anything from his original plan.
Years ago I assisted setting up a FLW usonian house for a public event. The house was also filled with FLW designed furniture. It was gorgeous! Then I tried out the furniture, and it was like trying to find comfort sitting on a concrete slab.
Wrights's design also works in our climate in tropicals, the clerestory works to get rid the hot air above and have a passive flow of air inside a house. His philosophy about natural light playing ,I adapted unconsciously to my designs also. when the light touches the edge or plaster wall, its an obsession. timeless indeed!
So simple. Brilliant. Those windows remind me of how light is beautifully broken up in ancient structures we see in places like the Taj Mahal. It's just so pleasing. I really don't understand how contemporary architecture misses so many simple points. Yes, you can do cheap with glass and steel... but can we at least have some kind of organic aesthetic? One of Norman Mailer's (an engineering major before turning writer) biggest complaints about modern architecture was the uninviting message it sends. Are we really attracted to an imposing cold wall of glass. Are we inspired? We should be. Architecture is a communal experience. It's the reason we feel proud and in awe when we visit the grandiosity of imagination in our ancient structures. Anyway... long live the imagination of Wright. ✌
In my personal opinion, as an Art historian, we all know how much Wright Sr. had been involved about the research of the mesoamerican architectural prototype style. Therefore, he probably applied his own knowledge's tips to even habitable buildings he projected. Obviously, his coherent, hard straight belief brought almost "gloomy", shadowed homes to live in. Embrasures-like, as windowpanes as well, at least, emulated fortresses' loopholes features of Maya's military and ancient temple structures.
He built a tower in my hometown of Bartlesville, Oklahoma. I always liked the green color. As I get older, I learn more about FLR, and appreciate it even more.
Title of video is “Why his windows looks like this”. If you hoped they would answer thus question, you must be new here. Instead you get 8min video where they would tell you lot of things but not why the windows were shaped like this
When I went there the sun was streaming through the clerestory windows wandering up and down the various horizontal and vertical surfaces especially the floor. It was magical. Another trick he used was to spatter coloured light across the room through bevel cut stained glass. The effect if walking past this spattered light is to bathe in a rainbow of colour.
My dad went to school to be an architect, though he works as a general contractor. I grew up loving all things 'house' & 'building'. FLW is a favorite of his.
wow i've been in that house, the hallways are very narrow but i've heard that wright built for his height and size, other homes of his and it's not as narrow or built like aforementioned, i have always loved the built in furniture, weird little nooks that seem random but are placed in beautiful places that allow one to experience the open areas, one was in the middle of a hallway, (one that wasn't narow at all
Simply a timeliness way of building, the only way of building! There is very little video content that discusses his ideals and how they fit how we live
He's an all encompassing artist...every art or artisanal art connected to house making... With light he's got a sense of extra inclusion of light ,ever aware of people's needs from the inside...Ah Frank Lloyd Wright , he is just a delight.. Everytime I travel I look to visit any places by him. Young people; take note, here is our American Architectual Wizard. [[ The Natural House ]] and The Lectures he gave called the [[ Princeton --- Kahn Lectures ]]are way more than you ever expected all about every aspect of Architecture! Get acquainted with his work and you will not be let down. Buzzwords to note; Usonian Architecture , organic architecture, hemicycle house, The ziggurat called Guggenheim museum. Taliesin West a place that looks like a relic from the future ,there in the Phoenix desert...the thick cast redstone in concrete , is a place capn Kirk would encounter on an alien planet, lol. Enjoy !
The Rosenbaum Home, in Florence,Alabama is a Usonion by him. It was designed to look out past the backyard, and enjoy our Tennessee River, "The Singing River." Beautiful home, beautiful view.
My father complained to Mr. Wright that the windows wrapping the outer corners of the great room were just two pieces of glass beveled 45° and butted together: no wood, no glue. “Wear a sweater,” he said.
that is so wild. i live in student housing (germany, so no clear connection to US architecture trends) and the building i love in has one full size window and one 20 cm tall one right at the top of the wall - so clearly it has the same intent to let in light but keeping privacy. the issue is that my room is turned towards the north-east (and another taller building) so it does not work out at all that way. the idea was there but the execution just does not work out
I'm curious- was the other building constructed some time later? Essentially, did it work until Building #2 was put up and gunked it up for a section of the building you live in?
I used ro work for the Wisconsin chapter of the American Institute of Architects and learned a lot about FLW there. We got married at the Unitarian Meeting House and had our reception at Monona Terrace, both Wright buildings. What great spaces!
Did the video answer the question in the title? I really thought they'd have something to say about why the shapes are the way they are. The video was entirely about the amount of windows and the placement of windows, unless I missed something.
Had the opportunity to visit a couple of years ago and it’s absolutely the best place to experience! The details were overwhelming but spectacular. Built to the human scale and so considerate of the relationship of inside to outside. A masterpiece!
Gorgeous! I also love/hate how obvious and blatant his sexism was. Open floor plans! Gorgeous light! Unless it's the kitchen in which case you're shut out from the whole building in a tiny cupboard whose window is there for functional purposes only!
i’ve long thought the one thing missing from modern architecture is some kind of ornament. Wright designed his “ornament” from patterns of nature, later inspired by Japanese and Native American design. It was a simplified approach from his old mentor, Louis Sullivan. Although not the only reason, I think that is one of the reasons his buildings are so captivating.
One of Modernism’s main objectives was to get away from ornament. It’s not “missing” it’s done on purpose because there was a hangovers from the 19th century when ornament was overused
@@thelessimportantajmichel287 i understand that, and I agree. ornament in a lot of ways was associated with excess and was considered classist as well. architecture in the 1800’s was dominated by Beauxs Arts designs full of rigid classical rules. it became unpopular as soon as it became cheap to mass produce ornament formerly associated with only the wealthiest. Louis Sullivan was quoted saying “i believe it may be necessary that we take a break from ornament for a few decades, to better understand the foundations of architecture.” architectural “pinnacle” thusly transitioned from the appearance and proportions of the building outright, to the performance and intent of the architect. however, multiple studies have been done on the effect of “plainness” on the human psyche. it’s been found that increases in cortisol are associated with large blank facades on city streets. i find it similar to that feeling of liminality you get in large midcentury spaces. ornament was an ancient solution to this feeling of ambiguity. our brains thrive off of visual enrichment and complexity. you hear a lot of talk from urban planners about needing to bring green spaces back to modern places - often for mental well being - but there are plenty of streets from years prior where it’s not even remotely needed. so i propose one of the solutions architecture can bring in the coming decades is a return to ornament, but a different kind. not based in western European tradition; but the creativity of the architect, the local culture, environment - and emphasize also the natural environment both biotic and abiotic to ease the disconnect between our subconscious and extreme minimalism. the same Louis Sullivan, in fact, created an entire system for generating new ornamentational languages. architects are known for being experimental, but only recently have i seen this be experimented with. Mark Gage Foster is one I see broadly working with ornamentation from a bohemian perspective. it is my conjecture that we need more artists and architects like that - to bring new architectural forms and languages to their full potential.
@@madisonbrigman8186 Ornament comes and goes. It has come and gone many times in contemporary architecture. You use the term "modern architecture" - which, to a properly trained architect or scholar, means nothing and shows your ignorance. No offense.
@@helpfulcommenter i understand that, such as David Adjaye’s recent work in Washington. i am referring to systematized architectural ornamentation, that often has hierarchy and more detail than some of the more common contemporary elements used as ornamentation, such as perforated facades. I’m also not referring to any type of sculpture, which is seperate. sorry i should have clarified that earlier in my statement.
@@helpfulcommenter i also agree with your comment about architecture, but to the broader public it is much easier to say “modern architecture” than many of the much more categories that define architecture from the early midcentury to today.
found this interesting and had to share that one of the houses he built is within my neighborhood here in great neck, long island. i believe its called the ben rebhuhn house and we learned about this in elementary school!
This is nice. There is something spiritual about Wright's designs. I have never been in one but when I see photos or videos like this one if feel oddly moved and at home. Wright's designs are not architecture they are art.
6:57 Must've been nice to buy a house for $11,000 back in the day, thats not even enough for a down payment anymore! Even adjusted for inflation thats only $135,000, a realtor would throat punch you if you asked if they had any houses for $135k today
Looking at windows just scratches the surface of Wright’s obsession with his home. The mortar on the fireplace is thicker horizontally than vertically to create an impression of parallel lines. And for the same reason, every flathead screw is carefully twisted so it has a horizontal line as well. Thanks for watching. -Phil
Yeah
"erb"
Egg
Feels great to see ur work all the time and the best thing about u is that, u r so down-to-earth and nvr take any credit for the work delivered.
Bro i also started a channel in that case. If possible plz give a shoutout for my channel
Yes but I feel like the biggest question to me is why these specific shapes and in these abstract orientations...
I still cannot believe this man was building houses like this in the 1920s he was so ahead of his time
He was light-years ahead!
He was building “modern houses” even earlier in the late 19th century when victorian homes were being built!!!!
He copied other cultures that are older than Europes
@@Lovelymo Interesting , can you cite any examples of what Wright 'copied'?
@@Lovelymo didn’t exactly copy… though he did take some decorative inspiration and general proportions/building techniques from Japanese architecture/art as well as native American.
Out here in Maricopa County Arizona, the older locals say that Frank Lloyd Wright was testifying at a lawsuit trial in downtown Phoenix and one attorney asked him if he was the Greatest Architect in the World to which he replied "Yes." It was a long drive back to his Scottsdale home and, by the time he arrived there, his wife had heard some drive time radio disk jockeys joking about his testimony on the air. When confronted my Mrs. Wright about his blatant show of arrogance, Mr. Wright replied, "Sweetheart, I was under oath."
Lol thank you for sharing
I liked the going to QT
I guess leaking rooves aren't a design flaw then 😂
You have a Mrs. Wright too?
while I was watching this, I was thinking. "the architect must be the most arrogant, pretentious being on earth" this story fits perfectly.
One thing that I know by way of my Grandfather, who was very much inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright, was that window placements in these sorts of houses were often designed with the seasons in mind. Putting smaller windows up higher and under overhangs results in the sun shining directly in during the winter months, when the sun is lower, and then the direct sunlight would be blocked off during the summer months when the sun is higher. This all means that the house is naturally warmer in winter and naturally cooler in summer. It's all really quite extraordinary.
Also, knowing the tilt of the sun in winter and summer *at that latitude.* Will you have summer sun in the front yard and winter sun in the back? Are you far enough from the equator that the sun doesn't ever cross the center of the sky, even at solstice? Southern hemisphere, take your whole northern hemisphere plan and invert it.
Every day I suffer from having an east-facing bedroom, not being a morning person. I think about this a lot... I've not bought my own house, but in fever dreams where I imagine that could ever happen, I think checking a compass for each room will be a priority.
Such intelligent and thoughtful design.
ah that's cool, I was in a similar house recently and didn't know why the windows were like that
sounds like passive solar design
@@AppleIPie indeed. For me, a southwest facing living room (or south AND west on corners) and a north facing bedroom are necessities. Every apartment I’ve lived in did that bar one.
Frank Lloyd Wright’s work still looks modern. What an achievement!
Agreed!
He way way ahead of his time. This looks like the dream house of most millennials.
I already said this to someone else but since your comment is almost identitical I'll repeat it. Modern is a period. His work will always be modern; time cannot change this fact. It will never again be contemporary though.
No. It looks horrible and uncomfortable to live in, lol.
You could tell the design contains a level of creativity that is probably not replicable under the current real estate economy. It looks modern because it was probably created under a circumstance which permits wide latitude of experimentation.
Penetrating lights trough holes on the wall is indeed is a very magnificent and organic form of art in architecture. As a person who works in this field i sometimes spend so much times in Sketchup (the app they used in the video) just to admire the pattern of the shadow created by the technique. Really bring sense of time and place and life to the building.
It's like light coming through Gothic arches. Fantastic.
They are called Jaalis in India...Perforated high windows, some even elaborately carved are such an integral part of a lot of traditional architecture. A lot of Indian palaces have elaborately carved privacy windows on upper floors meant for inhabitants to watch processions and festivals in the street while keeping their privacy and security. In South India where the traditional architecture called Naalukettu which is very different from North India, the same concept can be seen, as decorative horizontal wooden trails covering the sides of entire height of second floor up to the gabled roofs.
Thanks for sharing, that's really interesting!
It's so good to see our people spreading our knowledge everywhere. Shows that even in the midst of this vast westernization some people are still connected to their roots. Again, thank you for sharing this. Have a great day ahead!
Yes Naalukettu in Kerala.. Completely climate responsive design..
In Brazil, we use cobogós to fulfill the same function
That's very interesting natural lighting used be kind of important to those pre electric and gas. In the sims when I build I still put an importance on natural light, I'm not as against attics, and a certain degree on garages. since you can always build thru walk away.
Phil Edwards is really out here doing VRay daylight accuracy checks on 3D designers online. This is the commitment to the investigations I really appreciate.
No stock videos, no generalized commentary, nitty gritty - truly interesting topics. Kudos!
I've lived in a house for the last two years that is like a cave. It's trapped in other houses and the way the light travels in, it's always super dark. Wright has got a point that light is an essential component to building design. A problem that can't just be solved with fixtures.
You feel his presence inside his homes. Through his design features, he lives on.
Yes, and his ego is oppressive still.
I'd be lying if I said I liked his designs, but his use of light was genius. I love all the ideas he combined in his work, like the open floor plan, no curtains, ground heat, minimalism and a general uniqueness in expression and attempt at integration with nature. It all just falls a bit through for me on the execution.
LOL ok armchair architect. Thanks for your expert analysis. Sorry FLW (the most groundbreaking American architect in history) doesn't do it for you. We alllll care.
I agree. I find that the ideas are great, but the end result can be a bit oppressive. Having said that, many of Wright's clients spent their entire lives in the houses they commissioned, so perhaps they grew on them. Admittedly, it was also a less mobile society back then.
@@michaelepp6212 How on earth would you find "the end result can be a bit oppressive" in FLW houses?
Oppressive? WHAT
What is "oppressive" about it? The use of natural light or the indoor/outdoor or the motifs from nature and geometry or.....?
I'm curious about how you find FLW's architecture "oppressive"
@@helpfulcommenter I've been to a few of his houses and I've found them dark inside, probably due to the extensive use of wood and brick, which weighs on me, as do the low ceilings and proportions. I also find his 'total work of art' approach - designing all the furniture, etc., stifling. I'd prefer to choose my own armchair. Wright himself admitted that a lot of his chairs were unsittable for any length of time. I love his houses from the outside - they are plastically incomparable - and certain charming interior elements, such as hearths, stained glass, and murals. For me though, still, "They're nice places to visit, but...."
@@michaelepp6212 I'm sure your house is much better than anything Wright ever designed.
I just watched a documentary on Frank Lloyd Wright and his talented design. He truly was a visionary and I love that his work still lives on 💛
Can you share the link or tell where? I'd love to check out..
Please let us know the name!
Hey, a yellow heart! I wonder why you chose this colour, could you explain?
Leaving a comment to know the documentary name
forming an orderly queue here
A lot of old architecture, before central heat and air conditioning, used window placement and overhangs that took into account the angle of the sun at different times of the year to bring in heat in the winter and exclude it in the summer. Once central heat and AC became common and fuel was relatively cheap, less attention was paid to orienting the house to the sun.
If you haven't already, check out the passive house movement if you're interested in modern work that carefully considers the sun and seasons.
We still consider sun orientation and passive cooling here in the Philippines (or other tropical countries). We don't rely too much on HVAC because it is not cost efficient.
I had to see a plastic surgeon as a teenager in Kettering, Ohio who's office was a Frank Lloyd-Wright building. It was amazing inside!
Nice, I know exactly where this building is!
Vox getting into architecture? man, y'all won a new subscriber if you continue with this content.
Houses in the Indian state of West Bengal traditionally had those perforated windows at the top of the room, i always found them charming as a kid
Same in Odisha; loved visiting my Grandparents house and seeing them as a child.
We call them ventilators... usually they have floral or geometric design...
@Zaydan Naufal I'm not sure if you're joking or not but Odisha (previously spent Orissa) is a state in South Eastern India. Odessa is the region you're talking about in Ukraine.
I create models like this for work - you would be astonished at how incredibly precise we can make any aspect of the model, including lighting.
Most of the time clients just use this tech to make their buildings look pretty at sunset, but I hope we can get more people like FLW who really appreciate how a building integrates with its surroundings.
With current tech he would probably be even more masterful.
What's your work? Im working towards being a 3d environmental artist so doing stuff like this would be fun
@@PotatoMaGobinus Right now I’m working for a construction company making 3D & VR logistics, and at home I do the more creative fun stuff 😉
Always try and keep on top of the newest tech trends like UE5, TwinMotion, and plugins to make your stuff shine!
@@SleepyPossums Is there a simple way to view a Sketchup model in VR?
@@IgorAntarov There are free plugins that convert scenes into 360 photos you can see in VR, but most ways to convert Sketchup into VR cost money. We use Modelo or UE’s built in stuff.
Yeah, seeing Phil Edwards so astounded by the fact that 3d models and rendering are so accurate is a bit funny. Geographic location and elevation can be inputted even in the most basic 3D software (like Google Sketchup) and that automatically gives you the correct sun position by date and time. All you got to do is make sure that the orientation of the model is correct.
Also making sure the model is as close to reality as possible in terms of width and materials can help...
The first time I heard of Frank Lloyd was back in the 90s, it was an article about the waterfall house in the Arabic edition of scientific American, and ever since I'm in love with every design I've seen.
Years later I moved to the US and living in Wisconsin his home state.
Frank Lloyd is undoubtedly one of the greatest architects of all times, if not the greatest of them all!
Fallingwater, the Kaufman summer house outside Pittsburgh. 😉 Probably got changed in translation, but if you ever want to look it up again…
@@tychay 😂now I know it's Fallingwater, and you are correct the waterfall house is how it was translated to Arabic, reading my original comment, I should've clarified that, and I can edit it now, but it's too much work 😁
I grew up in the Chicago Area and always loved the Frank Lloyd Wright homes. My dad and I would drive all over looking at them.
I do love me some Prarie homes!
Frank Lloyd Wright is my favorite architect. When I was in Art and Design high-school my teacher Miss. Buerger had this massive book about Falling waters and it was my favorite book.
If you're looking for more of this special design, look up one of Wright's most famous designs; Falling Water. It's this beautiful small house right on the edge of a waterfall. It blends so beautifully with the falls and the surrounding hillside. There's tons of windows and decking that pull occupants outside while also bringing some of the outside in.
And it leaked like a sieve.
Overrated, only a champion to pompous brown nosing fools..
Can you interview people that don’t have to dramatise every sentence..
You don’t Sound like an authority on architecture, they are houses and buildings, designed as more art pieces, then practical dwellings.
Ironically, Falling Water is one of his ‘failed’ project. I remember reading its inhabitants (the original commissioner FLW had built this house for; and the ones afterward) ended up selling this house because of many technical issues.
@@sukamtotedja3425 Everything you said is not true.
To say that Falling Water is a failure because it's not functional is like saying that music that doesn't make you dance is a failure. Of course it'd be cumbersome and tedious to live in. Among the myriads of technical glitches, the rooms are not fitted to a reasonable scale. It's influence and impact nonetheless is a testimony to the fact that it's probably one of the most innovative creations of the twentieth century
@@sukamtotedja3425 it stayed in the family until it was turned over to the western pa conservancy who still holds it today.
Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture is so amazing when you learn about his thoughts behind each element of this house. The idea of using light in this way makes the house feel like it is alive.
I live in an area that luckily has tons of Frank Lloyd Wright houses, they truly are spectacular.
FLW was pure genius. His gift to architecture is unparalleled. His sense of scale gives me goosebumps.
Calatrava a close second?
Vox (and Phil Edwards), you’ve outdone yourself. I’ve been fascinated with Frank Lloyd Wright’s windows and architecture for years and this video was so extraordinarily made. Thanks!
Vox is slowly becoming a design channel and I am perfectly ok with this move
I could weep at the beauty and elegance of FLW's work. He's up there with Oscar Niemeyer for me. Just creating stunning breathtaking work. I still absolutely love that Aztec style house that he built in Los Angeles -- Ennis House. I'd love to have a home in the same ravishing style.
0:42 The technical names for these clerestory windows are "brontosaurus", "log-on-a-pig" and"rabbit-behind-a-stump" windows. Also featured are the equally stunning "updside-down brontosaurus", "updside-down log-on-a-pig" and "updside-down rabbit-behind-a-stump" windows.
There is some debate if the "rabbit-behind-a-stump" windows are actually "overweight lightning-bolt" windows
@@paulybeefs8588 This sounds like a joke but I don't actually know lol
Okay, so why design windows in those odd shapes? I feel like it'd make them harder to produce/less affordable, so why design them that way?
@@benjamintillema3572 The design them this way so that when sunlight hits the window, it shines upon the opposite or adjacent walls in the shape of a beautiful sunny brontosaurus, a beautiful sunny log-on-a-pig, or a beautiful sunny rabbit-behind-a-stump.
I was hoping he would explain the shapes, but I guess they are their own justification. The sun didn't know it's own beauty until it was projected onto a wall as log-on-a-pig.
As an architect, this is really cool! It just shows that architecture is building a magnificent masterpiece of buildings and houses! Thank you Phil!
As an architect, I am inspired by his works.
Something rather liminal and chilling about his work, but some of the structures transcend that and become truly amazing
“Liminal space” has become such a meme-y phrase these days that I fear we’re losing it’s original meaning. I suppose that’s just the nature of language, but still. I would argue that Frank Lloyd Wright’s intentionality in design and consistent detailing in his work directly opposes the “liminality” of other industrialized early 20th century and postwar architecture. His buildings are specifically supposed to be one off experiences in every room, with special care taken to make even transitional spaces communicate with the rest of the project- like with the specialized light coming in through the clearstories in the hallway displayed in this video, or the architectural tricks he would play with ceiling height to make a house feel like it was contracting and expanding as you traveled trough it, etc. What is left outside of the “liminal” and “chilling” bubble if we start using those terms to describe careful work like Wright’s?
@@BrandNeutral Nobody's debating the weighty merit of his work, or the attention paid to shaping these unique spaces. It's a deeply personal observation to say that a space gives you disturbing Lost Highway vibes, not a robust critique of his output. There's also no need to deride such observations of 'depressing decor' as it were as meme-y and somehow therefore lame. Fact is, he shares the milieu with actually unsettling Modernist structures so a bit of it bleeds through, right?
Professor Luttropp always asked of us students for perfection and he also asked himself of that. I’m so glad I got to learn from him.
love this! the pope leighey house is one of my favorites of wright's work and it's so underrated
Thanks for covering this underappreciated aspect of the Usonian house. I like to think of these perforated abstract clerestory panels as abstract leaves or shadows, and the principle goal is to create a dappled light effect when combined with the roof overhangs, and to make it feel like you're under and around trees. As FllW said, "as dignified as a tree in the landscape."
Great vid thx. I think in such cutouts, he was also emulating sunlight patterns cast through tree branches. I’ve noticed this affect looking out of my own window toward a nearby white wall one morning. The strange patterns reminded me so much of his cutout patterns. It was a real ‘Ah-ha!’ moment. And I like how it changes throughout the year. Brilliant stuff. Cheers.
I agree 1000%. This would especially be pronounced in the late Fall and Winter months through deciduous trees. That's FLW bringing the outside natural light patterns into a home especially In the times of year when the sun angles are low.
This is such a beautiful house, apparently simple, but so much design work has gone into it. Thanks for the illumination 🙃
These windows are beautiful ! This design is flawless! People let’s Bring these back pleaseeee
or just do it yourself. You dont have to make it a trend in order to do it.
Exactly what I'm doing in Michigan
The planning of Levittown wasn't so much an antithesis of FLW's work, it was much more an agreeance with his concept for American housing that he presented in "Broadacre City". Design schools in the 1930s were beginning to define the difference between architects and planners, and I think FLW is a good example of why that separation was necessary. FLW was controlling of the experience he wanted you to have in the spaces he designed, but that control isn't an effective strategy for designing housing at a dense city scale.
@Zaydan Alfariz not everyone wants to live in an apartment
Incredible stuff. I grew up near a Wright house and always loved driving by it.
I have always love Frank Lloyd Wright's designs. When I run into things like this I am reminded why. Thank you!
Thank you for posting this... absolutely brilliant and he is one of my favorite architects of all time.
Well that's coincidental, I visited the Pope-Leighey house last weekend. Great tour, the guide spent a lot of time discussing the windows of the house.
I watch this video and what wright made of this house and as an architect I think of my own clients who half the time don't bother to listen and just change things during construction without my knowledge and wonder how wright ensured all his details and plans were followed to the "T". I'm very happy to have architecture such as this in the world that we truly observe and appreciate. Wright was a genius.
I would love to see a design for a $150,000 home that has the cheapest dollar amount for upkeep… not just your annual bills for things like water, gas,electric but having to replace stuff like siding, roofs, or stuff like that. Even down to having to remove/replace/repair hvac systems or water heaters. As well as upkeep like cleaning solar panels, etc… I never knew how much a house costs after you buy one. In fact I wish that was the kind of stuff we teach kids in school, that and money management(to include what college really costs and why certain degrees are just a path that leads to debt and a useless degree that you can’t actually find employment opportunities for).
A really cool thing about Wright was that he designed every part of the house, including the furniture and their arrangement in the room. In fact, he would sometimes show up to the homes unannounced and would get very upset if the occupants had changed anything from his original plan.
Sunlight aligning at the same time in real life and an online cad model? Oooohhh what an amazing discovery 😱
Rest in powerful peace Frank Lloyd Wright 🙏
8 June 1867 ~
9 April 1959⚘
I literally don’t know much about architecture but these VOX videos got me hooked on learning more
you should search up Phil Edwards on RUclips, he has his own seperate channel where he uploads a lot of other neat videos
Years ago I assisted setting up a FLW usonian house for a public event. The house was also filled with FLW designed furniture. It was gorgeous! Then I tried out the furniture, and it was like trying to find comfort sitting on a concrete slab.
Wrights's design also works in our climate in tropicals, the clerestory works to get rid the hot air above and have a passive flow of air inside a house. His philosophy about natural light playing ,I adapted unconsciously to my designs also. when the light touches the edge or plaster wall, its an obsession. timeless indeed!
I love FLW. His use of multi-layered spaces and integration into the environment is wonderful.
He’s my absolute favorite architect. Even his furniture pieces . He was an artist a head of his time. I love the waterfall house here in Pennsylvania.
So simple. Brilliant. Those windows remind me of how light is beautifully broken up in ancient structures we see in places like the Taj Mahal. It's just so pleasing.
I really don't understand how contemporary architecture misses so many simple points. Yes, you can do cheap with glass and steel... but can we at least have some kind of organic aesthetic? One of Norman Mailer's (an engineering major before turning writer) biggest complaints about modern architecture was the uninviting message it sends. Are we really attracted to an imposing cold wall of glass. Are we inspired? We should be. Architecture is a communal experience. It's the reason we feel proud and in awe when we visit the grandiosity of imagination in our ancient structures.
Anyway... long live the imagination of Wright. ✌
In my personal opinion, as an Art historian, we all know how much Wright Sr. had been involved about the research of the mesoamerican architectural prototype style. Therefore, he probably applied his own knowledge's tips to even habitable buildings he projected. Obviously, his coherent, hard straight belief brought almost "gloomy", shadowed homes to live in. Embrasures-like, as windowpanes as well, at least, emulated fortresses' loopholes features of Maya's military and ancient temple structures.
So much in love with his work.
He built a tower in my hometown of Bartlesville, Oklahoma. I always liked the green color. As I get older, I learn more about FLR, and appreciate it even more.
Loving these architecture videos!
Same here
Title of video is “Why his windows looks like this”. If you hoped they would answer thus question, you must be new here. Instead you get 8min video where they would tell you lot of things but not why the windows were shaped like this
When I went there the sun was streaming through the clerestory windows wandering up and down the various horizontal and vertical surfaces especially the floor. It was magical. Another trick he used was to spatter coloured light across the room through bevel cut stained glass. The effect if walking past this spattered light is to bathe in a rainbow of colour.
Vox does it again! Have been a huge fan of FLW since a junior high research project. His techniques will be forever relevant.
I love his creations. It is simply timeless. He is just magnificient and ahead of his time
FLW designed a house in my hometown, it was always so cool to walk by.
Fun fact about Frank Lloyd Write: Pretty much all the buildings he made in the Midwest didn't have waterproof roofs so they all leaked
Fun Fact, The leaking roofs may have been the fault of the GC or Roofing Contractor.
all good architecture leaks my friend
If a customer complained about the leaks, Wright would say, "Move your chair!"
I love his work!!!
Every structure is a perfect beautiful building
My dad went to school to be an architect, though he works as a general contractor. I grew up loving all things 'house' & 'building'. FLW is a favorite of his.
Perfect timing, I just studied his work today
Architecture is so fascinating through the mind of Frank Loyd Wright
wow i've been in that house, the hallways are very narrow but i've heard that wright built for his height and size, other homes of his and it's not as narrow or built like aforementioned, i have always loved the built in furniture, weird little nooks that seem random but are placed in beautiful places that allow one to experience the open areas, one was in the middle of a hallway, (one that wasn't narow at all
The topic of the video is so random, but soooo interesting.....keep up the great work Vox!
Phil's videos are always great... Ah, loved it!
While you're on this architecture kick, please do a video on the great Christopher Alexander, who passed away a few months ago.
Simply a timeliness way of building, the only way of building! There is very little video content that discusses his ideals and how they fit how we live
"A Pattern Language", still fairly relevant imo almost fifty years later.
He's an all encompassing artist...every art or artisanal art connected to house making...
With light he's got a sense of extra inclusion of light ,ever aware of people's needs from the inside...Ah Frank Lloyd Wright , he is just a delight..
Everytime I travel I look to visit any places by him.
Young people; take note, here is our American Architectual Wizard.
[[ The Natural House ]] and
The Lectures he gave called the [[ Princeton --- Kahn Lectures ]]are way more than you ever expected all about every aspect of Architecture!
Get acquainted with his work and you will not be let down.
Buzzwords to note;
Usonian Architecture , organic architecture, hemicycle house,
The ziggurat called Guggenheim museum.
Taliesin West a place that looks like a relic from the future ,there in the Phoenix desert...the thick cast redstone in concrete , is a place capn Kirk would encounter on an alien planet, lol.
Enjoy !
My immediate thoughts are "wow that would look incredible today......and also automatically triple rent pricing."
Lovely video Frank Lloyd Wright was one of the greatest architects ever. And many of his theories and styles is still very relevant today
This brought me to tears.
The Rosenbaum Home, in Florence,Alabama is a Usonion by him. It was designed to look out past the backyard, and enjoy our Tennessee River, "The Singing River." Beautiful home, beautiful view.
I have visited the Rosenbaum house here in Florence, Alabama (The only one in the state) several times. It never fails to fascinate me.
Kind of surprised at the number of people who didn't know who Frank Lloyd Wright was, but glad that more people are getting to know about him!
I’ll never forget the character Ted Baxter on the MTM Show referring to Frank Lloyd Wright as “one of the Wright brothers.”
So happy to be part of the school continuing his legacy!
My father complained to Mr. Wright that the windows wrapping the outer corners of the great room were just two pieces of glass beveled 45° and butted together: no wood, no glue. “Wear a sweater,” he said.
that is so wild. i live in student housing (germany, so no clear connection to US architecture trends) and the building i love in has one full size window and one 20 cm tall one right at the top of the wall - so clearly it has the same intent to let in light but keeping privacy. the issue is that my room is turned towards the north-east (and another taller building) so it does not work out at all that way. the idea was there but the execution just does not work out
I'm curious- was the other building constructed some time later? Essentially, did it work until Building #2 was put up and gunked it up for a section of the building you live in?
@@Sephiroth144 nope, both buildings are part of the same complex
I used ro work for the Wisconsin chapter of the American Institute of Architects and learned a lot about FLW there. We got married at the Unitarian Meeting House and had our reception at Monona Terrace, both Wright buildings. What great spaces!
Did the video answer the question in the title? I really thought they'd have something to say about why the shapes are the way they are. The video was entirely about the amount of windows and the placement of windows, unless I missed something.
Had the opportunity to visit a couple of years ago and it’s absolutely the best place to experience! The details were overwhelming but spectacular. Built to the human scale and so considerate of the relationship of inside to outside. A masterpiece!
Gorgeous! I also love/hate how obvious and blatant his sexism was. Open floor plans! Gorgeous light! Unless it's the kitchen in which case you're shut out from the whole building in a tiny cupboard whose window is there for functional purposes only!
i’ve long thought the one thing missing from modern architecture is some kind of ornament. Wright designed his “ornament” from patterns of nature, later inspired by Japanese and Native American design. It was a simplified approach from his old mentor, Louis Sullivan. Although not the only reason, I think that is one of the reasons his buildings are so captivating.
One of Modernism’s main objectives was to get away from ornament. It’s not “missing” it’s done on purpose because there was a hangovers from the 19th century when ornament was overused
@@thelessimportantajmichel287 i understand that, and I agree. ornament in a lot of ways was associated with excess and was considered classist as well. architecture in the 1800’s was dominated by Beauxs Arts designs full of rigid classical rules. it became unpopular as soon as it became cheap to mass produce ornament formerly associated with only the wealthiest. Louis Sullivan was quoted saying “i believe it may be necessary that we take a break from ornament for a few decades, to better understand the foundations of architecture.” architectural “pinnacle” thusly transitioned from the appearance and proportions of the building outright, to the performance and intent of the architect. however, multiple studies have been done on the effect of “plainness” on the human psyche. it’s been found that increases in cortisol are associated with large blank facades on city streets. i find it similar to that feeling of liminality you get in large midcentury spaces. ornament was an ancient solution to this feeling of ambiguity. our brains thrive off of visual enrichment and complexity. you hear a lot of talk from urban planners about needing to bring green spaces back to modern places - often for mental well being - but there are plenty of streets from years prior where it’s not even remotely needed.
so i propose one of the solutions architecture can bring in the coming decades is a return to ornament, but a different kind. not based in western European tradition; but the creativity of the architect, the local culture, environment - and emphasize also the natural environment both biotic and abiotic to ease the disconnect between our subconscious and extreme minimalism. the same Louis Sullivan, in fact, created an entire system for generating new ornamentational languages. architects are known for being experimental, but only recently have i seen this be experimented with. Mark Gage Foster is one I see broadly working with ornamentation from a bohemian perspective. it is my conjecture that we need more artists and architects like that - to bring new architectural forms and languages to their full potential.
@@madisonbrigman8186 Ornament comes and goes. It has come and gone many times in contemporary architecture. You use the term "modern architecture" - which, to a properly trained architect or scholar, means nothing and shows your ignorance. No offense.
@@helpfulcommenter i understand that, such as David Adjaye’s recent work in Washington. i am referring to systematized architectural ornamentation, that often has hierarchy and more detail than some of the more common contemporary elements used as ornamentation, such as perforated facades. I’m also not referring to any type of sculpture, which is seperate. sorry i should have clarified that earlier in my statement.
@@helpfulcommenter i also agree with your comment about architecture, but to the broader public it is much easier to say “modern architecture” than many of the much more categories that define architecture from the early midcentury to today.
Some of my favorite Frank Lloyd Wright's building includes Fallingwater and Guggenheim Museum ✨
Vox is the king of making me "I didn't know I needed to know this but now I do"
Saying Frank Lloyd Wright was ahead of his time is an epic understatement.
this vid just relit my old passion for architecture and interior design
found this interesting and had to share that one of the houses he built is within my neighborhood here in great neck, long island. i believe its called the ben rebhuhn house and we learned about this in elementary school!
I like this Vox architecture series, it's so interesting!
Luttropp was my design professor for the past few years. He’s brilliant
This is nice. There is something spiritual about Wright's designs. I have never been in one but when I see photos or videos like this one if feel oddly moved and at home. Wright's designs are not architecture they are art.
We forget that Wright was a big proponent of large lots and modern-day sprawl can be traced back (At least in part) to him.
The interwar years were a time of great experimentation that would influence post-WW2 life.
6:57 Must've been nice to buy a house for $11,000 back in the day, thats not even enough for a down payment anymore! Even adjusted for inflation thats only $135,000, a realtor would throat punch you if you asked if they had any houses for $135k today
You can thank the Central Bank for that.
I have 3 for sale less than that
I've been to the Pope house and it is beautiful! Small, but beautiful!
One of the first Architects that began the idea of "Parametric Architecture". I like his classical approach. :3
Thankyou for making this information available
Delightful exploration into light as central to f.l.wrights 'vision' .