LEETCODE 236 : PARENT MAP ANCESTOR SET PATTERN: LOWEST COMMON ANCESTOR OF BINARY TREE

The provided solution for finding the Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) in a binary tree operates with a time complexity of O(N), where N is the total number of nodes. The algorithm uses an iterative approach with a stack to traverse the tree, tracking parent nodes in a hash map. Once both target nodes are found, the solution constructs an ancestor set for one node and checks the other node's ancestors to determine the first common ancestor. This efficient approach ensures that all necessary nodes are visited, making it optimal for large binary trees where a full traversal may be required.