Rome's biggest statue: colossal Constantine

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  • Опубликовано: 28 сен 2024

Комментарии • 163

  • @DariusArya
    @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +5

    Get Surfshark VPN at Surfshark.deals/DARIUSARYA and enter promo code DARIUSARYA for 83% off and 3 extra months for FREE!

  • @Eddict1989
    @Eddict1989 7 месяцев назад +29

    Glad to see a copy made. Hope some more will be made.

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +2

      I hear you. As long as there aren't TOO many!

    • @Eddict1989
      @Eddict1989 7 месяцев назад

      @@DariusArya The Romans did quite a few copies of ancient Greek statues.

    • @robbillington1982
      @robbillington1982 7 месяцев назад +4

      @@DariusAryaI don’t know Darius, I could do with a whole rebuild of Ancient Rome! 😍

    • @shib2352
      @shib2352 7 месяцев назад +2

      We need the Olympian Zeus and the Parthenon's Athena recreated now. And let's think big: the colossus of Rhodes.

    • @robbillington1982
      @robbillington1982 7 месяцев назад +2

      @@shib2352 rebuild it all! 🤣 😜

  • @Balthazare69
    @Balthazare69 7 месяцев назад +41

    I can only imagine how amazing it must have looked to see the giant statues in ancient times, whether in temples or as monuments, or even more amazingly as lighthouses

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +7

      This is a statue to enjoy in person and think back to the time of deified rulers and gods! (For better and worse)

    • @1TakoyakiStore
      @1TakoyakiStore 7 месяцев назад +2

      They looked even more spectacular in ancient times because they were usually painted to look as lifelike as possible.

    • @Novusod
      @Novusod 7 месяцев назад +1

      The Colossus of Nero was supposedly the biggest of the ancient statues but it doesn't get much recognition. It was over 30m tall.

    • @pigdroppings
      @pigdroppings 7 месяцев назад

      There is a full scale model of the Parthenon in Nashville, Tenn USA.
      Inside there is a full scale model of Athena...with her cloak covered in 8 pounds of gold leaf.....see google images

  • @nicolaverlato9119
    @nicolaverlato9119 7 месяцев назад +4

    the sculpture was evidently conceived, by the roman artists, with an anamorphic effect : the proportions of head and arms are larger than the ones of the legs which appear to be very short. Based on this kind of anamorphic treatment we should conclude that the sculpture was positioned on a tall pedestal. The anamorphosis was applied on the figure in order to compensate the perspectival diminuition given by the position of the viewer. I think it would have been smart to build a tall pedestal for the sculpture in oder to truly appreciate its imposing beauty

  • @madlenellul3430
    @madlenellul3430 7 месяцев назад +3

    I do remember visiting a museum in Tunisia , (1971), after touring the remains of Carthage standing beside a foot from what must have been an enormous statue. I’m about 5’ 10” and came below the ankle where the foot had been broken off. To think how tall the statue must have been , and probably was painted, is mind boggling.
    👵🇦🇺🇺🇸

  • @ashharris7293
    @ashharris7293 Месяц назад

    Darius, researching some other coins, in the catalogue I came across a presentation medallion that may actually come from the unveiling of the statue! RIC VII 279 AE40 Gilded AE Rome mint. Reverse is Crispus holding a trophy in military dress presenting a Phoenix on an orb to Constantine in the pose and dress of the statue! The orb on the statue may have had a Victory or Phoenix on it originally. Constantine's empty military dress is leaning on his chair (or he's siting on it). Take a look at this coin!

  • @fishbone2921
    @fishbone2921 7 месяцев назад +4

    Amazing work. Thank you Darius.

  • @Sennmut
    @Sennmut 7 месяцев назад +3

    Good to see him back, but...Why not erect the statue in the Basillica of Maxentius and Constantine, where it was long ago? Could that building be restored?

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +3

      Reconstruction is owned by city superintendency. Basilica is managed by Parco Colosseo entity… it’s possible an agreement can be made…

    • @Sennmut
      @Sennmut 7 месяцев назад

      Hopefully, one day. It just seems like it would be more fitting, somehow.

  • @havencaylor8975
    @havencaylor8975 7 месяцев назад

    Wowzers! We were at the Capitoline Museum July of 2022 to see the original fragments of Constantine for the 2nd time. Cannot wait to return to see the colossal copy as we make our 3rd visit.

  • @Ericotheriault
    @Ericotheriault 7 месяцев назад +1

    Absolutely Magnificent….bringing the past to life …great video presentation

  • @marial8235
    @marial8235 7 месяцев назад +1

    This is an awesome reconstruction. It really is great to see it in such a beautiful setting. Nero’s colossus was likely much bigger? I doubt the Church would want Nero reconstructed,lol. Thanks as alwaysDarius❤

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +1

      Love to see it - 120 feet high!

  • @daveowenmusic1749
    @daveowenmusic1749 7 месяцев назад +2

    Always a great explaination of these artifacts, colossal as it may be! Thanks, again!

  • @stacymacpherson2048
    @stacymacpherson2048 7 месяцев назад +1

    Love this channel!!! I hope to get signed up for a class soon! Thank you for all the beautiful amazing histories you share🙏👍👍❤️

  • @garryferrington811
    @garryferrington811 7 месяцев назад +1

    Nice job of conjecture, gives us a pretty good idea of what it may have been.

  • @baswiltink9522
    @baswiltink9522 7 месяцев назад +1

    Amazing:) Glad it's at the place were it belongs most

  • @Insectoid_
    @Insectoid_ 7 месяцев назад

    I would love for more projects like these. And thank you so much for this

  • @NjK601
    @NjK601 7 месяцев назад +1

    Great videos, I'm curious, did they ever build any statues etc, for General Belisarius? His reconquest, seems like an interesting chapter, in Roman/Byzantine history.

  • @Tyche42
    @Tyche42 7 месяцев назад +2

    I notice there are slots also in the existing portion of the colossal head. I assume for a diadem or perhaps wreath? I wonder why they chose not to reconstruct that?

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +3

      Too much speculation, I imagine … a bit of less is more

    • @Jthe5th
      @Jthe5th 7 месяцев назад +1

      I noticed that too and I have to say I am also curious as to why they left that out. Looking at coins of Constantine I see him wearing either a laurel wreath or various types of diadems but all are behind and above his ears and well behind any of his front end hair that can be seen from ear to ear, however the locations of those slots are between the eyes and the ears, not above the ears and under the top part of the ears, so that kind of goes against the relief coin representations. Some 3D reconstruction before just added some hair in the areas of the slots, maybe it has also something to with with being a reused statue of Jupiter, but I don't expect them to have had the emperor with exposed slots like that in his time.

  • @kilolucifer1
    @kilolucifer1 7 месяцев назад +1

    Is the mystery piece the naval of the statue?

  • @martinstensby2011
    @martinstensby2011 7 месяцев назад

    Thanks, Darius! See you this evening on your free video seminar series, which are very good I think!

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад

      Glad you like them! See you tonight! For anyone else_ just get the newsletter via ancientromelive.org for links

  • @rebuzz6866
    @rebuzz6866 5 месяцев назад

    Would like to find out about production of the bricks and other building materials that had to be massive in roman times.

  • @sebastianmaharg
    @sebastianmaharg 7 месяцев назад +1

    Darius, isn't Constantine's head missing the radiate crown? There are those square grooves that suggest it probably dawned one, right?

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +5

      Possibly. Huge holes on side of head are also concerning the sideburns.. No continual holes around the head, though, for radiate crown...

  • @jan-toreegge9252
    @jan-toreegge9252 7 месяцев назад

    Great to see it has been brought to Rome. Will take a look on my next trip.

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад

      Hope you enjoy it!

  • @boyvale
    @boyvale 7 месяцев назад

    Flying to Rome for the 2nd time tomorrow. Missed the Capitoline Museum the first time so it's definitely on my itinerary this time.

  • @harrisedgar
    @harrisedgar 7 месяцев назад +1

    What a wonderful work and result...!!! Geat video BTW..!!! (as usual)

  • @user-bc4kt6nc1p
    @user-bc4kt6nc1p 7 месяцев назад +1

    Thanks. Will it stay there or is it temporary?

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +6

      Great question. Speaking with the museum director, this certainly is going to be home for the time being... 2025 will see a lot of movement in the city for the Jubilee year... Civilta' Romana Museum (famous cast museum in EUR) is going to reopen then... I speculate it would also be a great home... For now, let's enjoy it here!

  • @tunnus.123
    @tunnus.123 7 месяцев назад

    Great.

  • @raedwulf61
    @raedwulf61 7 месяцев назад

    It's wonderful!

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад

      Thank you very much!

  • @wolfox2008
    @wolfox2008 7 месяцев назад

    Is there a 3D model of this statue? I'd love to print it out for my classroom.

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад

      The statue IS a 3D model based off the original fragments - show them animated clip of the pieces integrated into the model!

    • @wolfox2008
      @wolfox2008 6 месяцев назад

      Yeah, I got that. What I mean is, would we be able to get a 3D model file (STL, OBJ, or other) to print the statue?

  • @xAntoIRL
    @xAntoIRL 7 месяцев назад

    Amazing !

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад

      Thank you! Cheers!

  • @mk-apache6161
    @mk-apache6161 7 месяцев назад

    Oh they returned it, they're reconstructing it for some reason.

  • @rplavigna
    @rplavigna 7 месяцев назад

    They need to rebuild the colossus of Nero.

  • @AsoloTV2310
    @AsoloTV2310 7 месяцев назад +1

    The original seems to have slots in the sides of head. What slotted in? A huge crown? A halo? Given his attachment to Christianity it might have been

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад

      Yea some sort of crown/ see my first video on the statue

  • @fenecrusader
    @fenecrusader 5 месяцев назад

    I love Roman statues

  • @kenrowland7864
    @kenrowland7864 5 месяцев назад

    FROZEN in Time....LITERALLY!!!!

  • @petersclafani4370
    @petersclafani4370 7 месяцев назад

    Could have chosen a better emperor or statesman.

  • @seandyer93
    @seandyer93 7 месяцев назад

    They should reconstruct the colossus of Nero next

  • @indiosveritas
    @indiosveritas 7 месяцев назад +1

    Why do many ,many Roman statues have divots on the sides of the head ?

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +1

      In this case the interpretation is that it was part of the recarving of the portrait.

  • @kkupsky6321
    @kkupsky6321 7 месяцев назад

    Why leave the square on his temple? Get this guy a crown of olive leaves or something.

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +1

      I think that they thought it would be too speculative ✌️

  • @Rosie05610
    @Rosie05610 12 дней назад

    STOP worshipping Idols of man, and start worshipping God Almighty.

    • @ThatBubbleMix
      @ThatBubbleMix 4 дня назад

      we arent worshipping this statue hunni

  • @PatSmith-wi1kz
    @PatSmith-wi1kz 7 месяцев назад

    They must have used AI to reconstruct

  • @speedflash9504
    @speedflash9504 7 месяцев назад

    Not impressed!!! No wondered it was torn down.. and the fact it just sits in a random place

  • @random22026
    @random22026 7 месяцев назад

    The fallacy continues

  • @dylanakent
    @dylanakent 7 месяцев назад +1

    How terrible. He is the man responsible for most of the death and war that has happened in history. What a wretched person to pay tribute to.

  • @littlebigjohn69
    @littlebigjohn69 7 месяцев назад

    shouldnt it be protected by weather and possible vandalized .

  • @WarshMeh
    @WarshMeh 7 месяцев назад +11

    Thank you for keeping Rome alive, love this channel. Keeps me thinking of Ancient Rome everyday.

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +1

      Glad you enjoy it!

  • @edgarsnake2857
    @edgarsnake2857 7 месяцев назад +15

    Thanks, Darius. It's an amazing reconstruction.

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +1

      Glad you like it!

  • @thomasnoble1816
    @thomasnoble1816 7 месяцев назад +8

    I appreciate the emphasis that this is what the original MIGHT have looked like. Too many reconstructions are presented as fact when they are actually possibilities.

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад

      Exactly - pays to watch the end of my videos! I love to riff on the scholarship ✌️

  • @ladyflimflam
    @ladyflimflam 7 месяцев назад +9

    I have a picture of myself in the square with the pieces from 1987. Amazing to see them reconstructed.

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +1

      Yes, you'll want to come back and stand by this one!

  • @larsandrune
    @larsandrune 7 месяцев назад +4

    AWFUL man and emperor in so many ways. Just a couple is how he had his own sons, wife , sisters husband and children and others killed for no reason but for paranoia. Another is he took the majority of the empires navy with him to the east leaving Rome and the Western empire defenseless and open to invasion. Ok I do like his statue though, pretty nice

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +4

      Definitively a controversial figure

    • @VLSMITH1000
      @VLSMITH1000 7 месяцев назад

      He was never a Christian! The biggest phony that ever lived!

    • @dimitriosvlissides5781
      @dimitriosvlissides5781 7 месяцев назад +2

      A very good wise Emperor
      He had killedhis son because his second wife wanting to promote her children as successors to the throne on New Rome she said to the Konstatine ,that his son tried to take sexual advances over her which was not true
      Konstantine at the end he found out the real truth and its said that he had his wife killed?
      He repented very seriously after that as he also at that time was more into the Christian fath
      Just stating that he was awful or a controversial person without knowing the details and the habits of that period but just judging with the today's WoKE criteria is really awful....
      An Emperor that transformed the Roman Empire to survive for another 1134years

    • @VLSMITH1000
      @VLSMITH1000 7 месяцев назад

      ​@@dimitriosvlissides5781HA! HA! CONSTANTINE WAS A BIG LIER! HE CURSED THE JEWS LIKE HITLER!

  • @Orthodoge
    @Orthodoge 7 месяцев назад +4

    The should display it in the Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine, where it was originally

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +4

      That would be fantastic. But, as I noted in other comments, the original pieces are in the museum- and it's their project and reconstruction. The basilica is governed by a different entity... So I think it's unlikely, at least for the moment.

  • @Breakfast_of_Champions
    @Breakfast_of_Champions 7 месяцев назад +6

    With each of your videos I become more of a Roman!😀

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +3

      Haha I hear you!!

  • @33Donner77
    @33Donner77 7 месяцев назад +4

    Thanks for the thorough analysis. I always wondered why there were just pieces of this statue, and the robes explain it. The notches on Constatine's head may have held a crown or an olive wreath. In watching tv reruns I realized you made a history series. Keep up the great work.

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад

      Glad it was helpful! There's still a lot more to say about the statue! Yes, just check out my work on dariusaryadigs.com for list of shows or IMDB

  • @JerryFisher
    @JerryFisher 7 месяцев назад +3

    I really like this reconstruction. In a sense, I'm glad that it can't ever be a precise reconstruction as there is enough missing detail that any of us can fill it in with our imaginations as we interact with it. It is an example of why I think careful and thoughtful reconstructions using the surviving elements of ancient sculptures can be as meaningful to visitors as the fragmentary originals today. It is one thing to be told what something looked like. It is quite another when it is presented in a physical form that we can actually see and touch.

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад

      Great observations!

  • @pedrozatravel
    @pedrozatravel 7 месяцев назад +2

    It is amazing to me how they can reconstruct the whole statue with so little.

  • @johnfisher247
    @johnfisher247 7 месяцев назад +2

    How durable will the statue be in the open air? The original was in the Basilica of Maxentius. Why not locate the statue in that location under cover from the open air and weather.

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад

      The material is highly resistant - I got this info from the reconstruction team. Also there are precedents for this - calamita cosmica statue - outside for years (now indoors) suffered no real damage!

  • @dral9971
    @dral9971 7 месяцев назад +2

    I can only agree with the antiquarians and art historians who believe that the reconstruction is a surprisingly clumsy and artless mistake. There are not many traces of an artist here. The face is bland and dead, the limbs look petrified (pun not intended, or maybe it is), the posture rough and the whole man seems lifeless. This is a piece of marble, nothing else.

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +3

      It was not an easy project to create, even with all of the technology. Yes, I think there is room for improvement; I'm just happy they went through with the project, followed by accurate scientific study, scan of the original pieces, etc.

    • @jeff__w
      @jeff__w 7 месяцев назад

      I guess I interpret the reconstruction as an attempt to show the existing pieces fitting together in the statue as a whole, the scale of the statue, its acrolithic construction, and so on, rather than as a reflection of its possible aesthetic qualities. Obviously we’d want those qualities to be evident, too, ideally, in such a reconstruction but I still view it as a success, albeit maybe a more limited one.

  • @johannesnicolaas
    @johannesnicolaas 7 месяцев назад +1

    The soul of Augustus Flavius Valerius Constantinus is happy!!

  • @mikki3961
    @mikki3961 7 месяцев назад +2

    It is magnificent! Grazie.

  • @gabrielemangialavori8732
    @gabrielemangialavori8732 7 месяцев назад +1

    Roma 🇮🇹❤️

  • @carausiuscaesar5672
    @carausiuscaesar5672 7 месяцев назад +1

    How does it compare to the statue of Constantine the Great outside York Minster?

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад

      kind of apples to oranges I think...

  • @ericastier1646
    @ericastier1646 7 месяцев назад +2

    Superb presentation, thoroughly enjoyed it.

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +1

      Glad you enjoyed it!

    • @ericastier1646
      @ericastier1646 7 месяцев назад

      @@DariusArya Yes Darius the video was well organized and the pace nicely generous, not too fast. Your narration is great.

  • @MarthaArya-x1x
    @MarthaArya-x1x 7 месяцев назад +1

    Wonderful!

  • @suleymanakkaya9355
    @suleymanakkaya9355 7 месяцев назад +1

    Thank you very much

  • @kev3d
    @kev3d 7 месяцев назад +1

    Beautiful. Hail Caesar!

  • @Despotic_Waffle
    @Despotic_Waffle Месяц назад

    Isnt this the house of that dude who makes anime printouts

  • @lgbtaresins
    @lgbtaresins Месяц назад

    Christian Emperor! Good good

  • @Insectoid_
    @Insectoid_ 7 месяцев назад

    A woman from Twitter told me about your channel. I wish I could find her again. If you read this, thank you for telling me about this great channel. I was UAP David / Bug ❤

  • @rebuzz6866
    @rebuzz6866 5 месяцев назад

    Haw these statues were made, transported and haw the workshops were organised?

  • @dayros2023
    @dayros2023 7 месяцев назад +2

    Great video!

  • @boilingwateronthestove
    @boilingwateronthestove 7 месяцев назад

    It makes you wonder. Where are the other missing parts?

  • @benjaminthomas6663
    @benjaminthomas6663 7 месяцев назад

    Just say no to clickbait arrows.

  • @petrapetrakoliou8979
    @petrapetrakoliou8979 7 месяцев назад

    Shouldn't those holes on the face bear a crown of some sort?

  • @scottzema3103
    @scottzema3103 7 месяцев назад

    The square holes on the side of the head. Why not an attached wreath or crown?

  • @marthaarya167
    @marthaarya167 2 месяца назад

    Wonderful!

  • @flaviopitanga65
    @flaviopitanga65 7 месяцев назад +1

    Awesome. Thanks for posting this beautiful piece of art ❤

  • @debsbennett5632
    @debsbennett5632 7 месяцев назад +1

    Fabulous. Thank you

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад

      Glad you enjoyed it!

  • @elyssian6015
    @elyssian6015 5 месяцев назад +1

    Loved experiencing the Sculpures throughout the Museums around Italy a few years ago. My very favorite sculpure by Michelango i experienced was in the La Pietas, in the Museo del 'Oera Duomo in Florence, St. Peter's Basilica and at Vatican City, Rome.
    Thank you Darius

  • @misaelfraga8196
    @misaelfraga8196 7 месяцев назад +1

    He doesn't have the Chi-rho?

  • @RemseyYT
    @RemseyYT 4 месяца назад

    I saw it in the Capitoline Museum. It's amazing. They should put the copy in the Basilica at the Forum!

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  3 месяца назад +1

      two difference managing entities... so I understand why it is where it is- and not the original location...

  • @xaviermarin490
    @xaviermarin490 6 месяцев назад

    this is nothing compared to Apennine Colossus located in Villa Pratolino.

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  6 месяцев назад

      That's pretty coo, too!

  • @benbridgwater6479
    @benbridgwater6479 7 месяцев назад

    Hi Darius, in your first video on the statue you showed a renaissance sketch of the pieces, including heads with figures standing behind them. Could you give a reference to this sketch? When does it date to ?

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад

      16-17th century.. not sure- have to check the publication catalog

    • @benbridgwater6479
      @benbridgwater6479 7 месяцев назад

      @@DariusArya Thanks - it's interesting to see the hand with the finger still missing at that stage,

  • @michaelfisher7170
    @michaelfisher7170 7 месяцев назад

    No way...they recreated it? Holy....this is tge first ive heard if it!

  • @dadevi
    @dadevi 7 месяцев назад

    It doesn't measure up to the old Roman and Greek statues. The body ratio in that statue is off.

  • @jperez7893
    @jperez7893 7 месяцев назад

    They need to change the scepter into the labarum

  • @hmao4466
    @hmao4466 7 месяцев назад

    Wow...

  • @Gtfobcso2024
    @Gtfobcso2024 7 месяцев назад

    🙄

  • @JulieBorges-l4z
    @JulieBorges-l4z 7 месяцев назад

    I knew they were working on it

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +2

      It's perfect for the setting and its proximity to the original fragments. The project is of the Comune di Roma- so it's in their museum- Capitoline Museums.

  • @alexandarvoncarsteinzarovi3723
    @alexandarvoncarsteinzarovi3723 7 месяцев назад

    Keep in mind that these stone giant were also at times livly painted, who knows what more will uncover,

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад

      As noted at end of video…

  • @kitharoidos1089
    @kitharoidos1089 7 месяцев назад

    Constantine had the statue of Jupiter recarved in his own image? What blasphemy! 😅 I wonder how this was recieved by the populus back in the day! 🤔

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +1

      It’s a wild theory

    • @nondescript2892
      @nondescript2892 7 месяцев назад +1

      ​​@@DariusAryaI don't know about statues of gods..but certainly images and statues of emperors were re-used for other emperors..check out Mary Beard's book on imperial iconography......and as with everything to do with the ancients I use the word " certain" with caution 😄

  • @universalflamethrower6342
    @universalflamethrower6342 7 месяцев назад +1

    Pray for us St Constantine

  • @alanCalhoun2
    @alanCalhoun2 7 месяцев назад

    I Know it's Constantine The Great But Why is He wearing a Gold Toga and holding the Celestial Orb of The Sun God? Unless this was prior to his adoption to Christianity?

    • @DariusArya
      @DariusArya  7 месяцев назад +1

      In his lifetime he played both sides of the fence! Deified ruler and Christian…

    • @alanCalhoun2
      @alanCalhoun2 7 месяцев назад

      @@DariusArya I did some research, this colossal of Constantine is a controversy and that is probably the reason there are only a couple remnants from the past. I think this statue might be Fantasy Art work? Congrats, Great Restoration of this Constantine The Great Statue.