TWiV 1083: AI builds better viruses

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  • Опубликовано: 28 дек 2024

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  • @lesfaby8997
    @lesfaby8997 11 месяцев назад +6

    _RUclips timestamps by Les_
    00:00
    *Announcements*
    01:47 Please contribute
    02:25 ASV 2024 abstract submission deadline
    03:38 Amy's Lab Job
    04:21 Dixon Despommier "The New City"
    07:16 Jay Nelson Obit
    www.ohsu.edu/vaccine-gene-therapy-institute/jay-nelson-phd
    09:35 *News Items*
    CDC warns of Measles outbreak
    12:47 Impact of Lid Closure During Toilet Flushing (Am JIC)
    www.ajicjournal.org/article/S0196-6553(23)00820-9/fulltext
    21:00 Ingenuity helicopter on Mars retires
    *Snippet*
    22:20 highly effective prevention of invasive cervical cancer by HPV vaccination
    *Paper*
    43:32 Optimal Tradeoff control in machine learning-based library design,
    with application to adeno-associated virus (AAV) for gene therapy (Science Advances)
    www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adj3786
    20:56 *Measles* outbreak in Philadelphia

    *Letters*
    see www.microbe.tv/twiv/twiv-1083-letters/
    1:10:50 Melissa
    1:11:25 Nelly
    1:12:50 Brian
    1:15:39 Achana
    1:16:17 Anthony
    1:17:03 Tatiana
    1:17:54 Odie
    1:20:53 Kate
    1:21:49 Charles Automats and AI
    1:25:02 *Weekly Picks*
    1:25:43 Dixon
    1:29:21 Rich
    1:32:00 Alan
    1:34:43 Vincent
    1:38:43 Please contribute
    _Audio podcast timestamps by Jolene. Thanks._
    Note:
    what is a Horn and Hardart Automat?
    ruclips.net/video/pFgJw5akxzQ/видео.html

  • @trishhawkins4966
    @trishhawkins4966 11 месяцев назад +4

    Thank you everyone that was amazing as always

  • @trishhawkins4966
    @trishhawkins4966 11 месяцев назад +4

    It was professor Ian Fraser who developed the vaccine against HPV. He was born in Scotland and became an immunologist in Australia.He and Jian Zhou from the University of Queensland developed the vaccine.

  • @AstraI1
    @AstraI1 10 месяцев назад +1

    another reason to avoid public toilets when possible and they flush so much more forceful, I hope hospitals use the disinfectant pucks or w/e is shown to work best. I hope that becomes standard everywhere

  • @inesvetinparadise9715
    @inesvetinparadise9715 11 месяцев назад +1

    Prof Dickson, you are here to teach those like me about the guys I never heard of. Your reach has gone far and wide sir.

  • @wolpumba4099
    @wolpumba4099 11 месяцев назад +5

    *Summary of the discussion on HPV*
    *Introduction to HPV and Vaccination*
    - 22:23 Discusses the National Cancer Institute study on invasive cervical cancer incidence following HPV vaccination.
    - 22:38 The study is based in Scotland and examines age at immunization, dosage, and socioeconomic factors.
    - 22:49 Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
    - 23:17 Harold Zur Hausen discovered the link between HPV and cervical cancer and won a Nobel Prize.
    - 23:37 The UK was one of the first countries to start routine HPV vaccinations at ages 12 to 13.
    - 23:48 The first vaccine, Cervarix, covered HPV types 16 and 18, followed by Gardasil, a quadrivalent vaccine, and later a nonavalent vaccine.
    *HPV Characteristics and Vaccine Development*
    - 24:32 HPV infects many animal species, and there are hundreds of human HPV types.
    - 25:02 Different HPV types are associated with warts in various locations on the body.
    - 25:17 HPV can cause cervical dysplasias, diagnosed by Pap tests.
    - 25:38 Most HPV infections are spontaneously resolved, but some can lead to cancer due to viral genome integration into cellular DNA.
    - 26:29 Certain HPV types, like 16 and 18, are more associated with cancer, though not all reasons for this are understood.
    *Transmission and Prevention of HPV*
    - 27:27 HPV can cause anogenital and oral cancers in both women and men.
    - 27:50 HPV is highly contagious and the infection rate is very high.
    - 28:16 Vaccination programs target pre-sexually active children, and vaccine effectiveness decreases with age.
    *Impact of Science on HPV Understanding and Vaccination*
    - 29:00 The development of HPV diagnostics and vaccines marks the triumph of science.
    - 30:03 The HPV vaccine is a protein vaccine, safe and effective as a cancer vaccine.
    *Study on HPV Vaccine Effectiveness in Scotland*
    - 31:04 This study is unique because Scotland has comprehensive health data systems that combine various health records.
    - 34:01 The study used electronic medical records of women eligible for cervical cancer screening born after January 1, 1988.
    - 34:45 Results showed a 78% vaccine effectiveness in preventing cervical cancer.
    - 35:21 Vaccination at age 12 or 13 showed zero cases of invasive cancer in the study population.
    - 36:01 Vaccinating at older ages showed an increase in cancer cases, suggesting early vaccination is crucial.
    *Deprivation and Its Impact on Cancer Incidence*
    - 36:46 The study also looked at the impact of socioeconomic status on cancer incidence.
    - 37:20 More deprived individuals had a higher incidence of cancer, but vaccination helped reduce this disparity.
    *Conclusion of Study Findings*
    - 38:14 The study concludes that the bivalent vaccine is very effective when given at ages 12 to 13 and can still be beneficial for older individuals.
    - 38:27 Vaccines may not cover all cancer-causing HPV serotypes, highlighting the need for comprehensive vaccination coverage.
    *Vaccination and Screening Importance*
    - 38:33 Even if vaccinated, periodic screening is still necessary.
    - 38:41 The condition is treatable, making screening important.
    - 38:56 Screening is as critical as vaccination.
    - 39:02 Both vaccination and screening are essential.
    *Age Dependence and Societal Resistance*
    - 39:09 Screening is age-dependent and should start as early as 12 or 13 years old.
    - 39:22 There is resistance to vaccination due to reluctance to consider young girls becoming sexually active.
    - 39:41 Vaccination is important before sexual activity begins.
    *Vaccine Effectiveness and Dosage*
    - 39:55 Vaccine effectiveness is 100% against cancer when two doses are given a month apart at 11, 12, or 13 years of age.
    - 40:07 Data supports a move to a one-dose schedule, as approved in the UK.
    - 40:19 In Scotland, the vaccine confers 85% protection against HPV positive cervical cancers.
    *National Health Plan and Public Health*
    - 40:26 These data likely come from a National Health Plan.
    - 40:40 Evidence supports the benefits of such health plans for public health.
    - 40:52 Public Health is more friendly than perceived.
    *Historical Context and Personal Reflections*
    - 40:57 The speaker reflects on working near the lab where the virus was discovered.
    - 41:04 Shope and Rouse, both virus discoverers, died of pancreatic cancer.
    - 41:34 Speculation about the origin of viruses causing cancer.
    - 41:43 Conversations about viruses and cancer were common among biologists.
    - 41:49 The speaker regrets not becoming a biologist.
    - 41:55 Influential biologists surrounded the speaker during postdoctoral work.
    - 42:14 Despite not pursuing biology, the speaker is content with their career.
    *Evolution of Understanding Cancer and Viruses*
    - 42:28 Early theories on cancer did not involve viruses.
    - 42:38 Discoveries by Shope and Rouse suggested a viral cause for some cancers.
    - 42:50 The misconception that all cancers were caused by viruses was eventually corrected.
    - 43:02 Approximately 20% of human cancers are now attributed to viral infections.
    - 43:16 Shope discovered a rabbit papillomavirus, contributing to the understanding of viral causes in cancer.
    - 43:21 Harold zur Hausen is associated with HPV research, though it's unclear if he discovered it.
    Disclaimer: I used gpt4-1106 to summarize the video transcript. This
    method may make mistakes in recognizing words and it can't distinguish
    between speakers.

  • @LisaMartinez-ri6ve
    @LisaMartinez-ri6ve 11 месяцев назад +3

    Allan’s suggested book Strange Bedfellows by Park also comes in an audible version and makes for great listening. It is laugh out loud funny and just what I needed on this 5 th straight rainy day where I live. Thanks Allan. Great recommendation.

    • @lismartinez5363
      @lismartinez5363 11 месяцев назад

      Sidenote Strange Bedfellows also has a serious side too, and educational. She would be a great speaker.

  • @brucethomas471
    @brucethomas471 11 месяцев назад +1

    This sevenmer packaging could lead to mind boggling detailed examination and cross referencing of genomes. How are we going to deal with it when the AI goes beyond what we CAN understand? And what further restructuring of the packaging with AI would be created? My mind, as you can tell, is already straining. Great episode, guys.

  • @daveking3494
    @daveking3494 11 месяцев назад +2

    Playback speed 2 helps!

  • @WillNewcomb
    @WillNewcomb 11 месяцев назад +3

    Aerosols from toilet: a whole tower block was infected by flushing by a patient with SARS1 back in 2002-3

    • @sueyoung2115
      @sueyoung2115 11 месяцев назад

      I also am horrified by the high pressure air hand dryer on public toilet walls.

    • @personzorz
      @personzorz 11 месяцев назад

      More like the sewer line from one apartment ran through the interior space of all of those below it and there were weak joints.

    • @josephpchajek2685
      @josephpchajek2685 2 месяца назад

      If you believe that I have some waterfront property to sell you.

    • @WillNewcomb
      @WillNewcomb 2 месяца назад

      @@josephpchajek2685 "SCIENCEINSIDER
      ASIA/PACIFIC
      Can you catch COVID-19 from your neighbor's toilet?
      Study suggesting virus spread through waste pipes in Chinese apartment building raises concerns
      4 SEP 2020 • BY JOCELYN KAISER"
      I understand that Science papers are more reliable than Facebook!

    • @WillNewcomb
      @WillNewcomb 2 месяца назад

      @@josephpchajek2685 Something published in Science deserves consideration. It's not like Trump's dismissal of Climate Change.
      "SCIENCEINSIDER
      ASIA/PACIFIC
      Can you catch COVID-19 from your neighbor's toilet?
      Study suggesting virus spread through waste pipes in Chinese apartment building raises concerns
      4 SEP 2020 • BY JOCELYN KAISER"

  • @Rene-uz3eb
    @Rene-uz3eb 10 месяцев назад

    I'm looking at 35:13 the paper
    Prevalence of cervical disease at age 20 after immunisation with bivalent HPV vaccine at age 12-13 in Scotland: retrospective population study, 2019
    The comparison is between women born in 1988 vs 1996 and their cancer status at age 20. In 2006, there was a smoking ban in Scotland. The 1988 women would have been 20 in 2008, barely after the ban, so be exposed to excessive smoke during their teens, which predicts low vitamin C levels. Vitamin C deficiency is very strongly implicated in cervical cancer. Whereas the 1996 cohort would have been 10 years old in 2006, so hardly frequenting pubs and lived most their life in a smoke free environment. Of course the ban also drastically reduced smoking rates.
    Smoking also conveys a risk of greater than 2x for cervical cancer.
    Smoking as a major risk factor for cervical cancer and pre-cancer: Results from the EPIC cohort, 2013.
    Also I'm just guessing but international grocery shipping started around 2000 so affordable fruit in winter would have improved vit c status for the second cohort in the first paper.
    Just another case of the medical industry hijacking improvements in nutrition and claiming it was something they did.

  • @MZ-mn9fl
    @MZ-mn9fl 10 месяцев назад

    If you're time constrained: change playback speed to 1.25 and then 1.5 once you get used to the speech patterns; use the transcript to speed read through the always-fascinating info; listen while taking your dog for a walk-- long enough for both of you to dump some excess fat cells.

  • @dacisky
    @dacisky 11 месяцев назад

    The blindness cure bothers me because most humans could never pay for the treatment.

  • @koerttijdens1234
    @koerttijdens1234 11 месяцев назад +1

    Lets hope that AI Gain of Function builds a new and better virus and saves the planet.
    Naic.

  • @8-ec-8
    @8-ec-8 11 месяцев назад +2

    Initially recommended for girls, HPV vaccination is now recommended for all children within the age parameters, regardless of gender.

    • @sciencefliestothemoon2305
      @sciencefliestothemoon2305 11 месяцев назад +2

      Should also be all ages.

    • @sueyoung2115
      @sueyoung2115 11 месяцев назад

      Better than a vaccine is the old fashioned idea of abstinence.

    • @personzorz
      @personzorz 11 месяцев назад +1

      I just updated myself from Gardasil-4 to Gardasil-9 as a 33 year old man.

  • @chriswilliams2957
    @chriswilliams2957 11 месяцев назад

    It’s not how much is it worth surely it’s how much can you afford. We all want to see but we don’t all have limitless funds.

  • @zack_120
    @zack_120 11 месяцев назад +3

    Promoting/bragging AI is a great danger to human being 😱👎

    • @AstraI1
      @AstraI1 10 месяцев назад

      theres good and bad to many things just because its potential to be misused doesn't mean other uses of it can't be beneficial

    • @zack_120
      @zack_120 10 месяцев назад

      @@AstraI1Check your logic of following the old idea without thinking: only ONE bad thing, potentially race destruction, negates it in whole no matter what else good it can do.

    • @josephpchajek2685
      @josephpchajek2685 2 месяца назад

      @@AstraI1 Well, when we're creating imaginary viral genomes out of viruses that have never been isolated, I'd say that's a bad use. First using AI to create the imaginary sequencing, then using AI to search the imaginary database, pretentending it's real.
      It's crazy.

  • @otbricki
    @otbricki 11 месяцев назад +5

    I like these podcasts but crikey they are toooo lonnnggg. Please prune talk about weather etc. Ideally keep each show to 30 min tops. I simply do not have the time to wade through all the extraneous and off topic material,

    • @musicmichaelc
      @musicmichaelc 10 месяцев назад +2

      Just use the time stamps in the comment section to navigate & select what you want to hear. Btw the talk about the weather is only about 1-2 minutes long, so it doesn't add very much to the overall length (and perhaps contributes to establishing a friendly atmosphere).

  • @8-ec-8
    @8-ec-8 11 месяцев назад

    If one wears a mask in a public bathroom, what is the condition of the mask as one exits?
    😷😳🤢

    • @brucethomas471
      @brucethomas471 10 месяцев назад

      In need of cleaning. Carry extras.