The name Irland came from Ir the Brother of Heber and Heremon, that was killed by the tuatha The Dannan, in a horrible back stab betrayal. So heremon and Heber divided the Island after the Milesian conquest. and as a tribute named the island to their fallen brother IR-Land the land of IR. All the other stuff is tales of people that pass on and on and that know nothing at all!
Conan O'Brien said his DNA test came back as 100% Irish despite his ancestors, as far as he knows, arriving in the US in the 1870s. It would be interesting to see how that company defined Irish though.
My husband is like this. He’s 100% Irish on several sites. When some of the Irish came here to America post famine, many settled alongside one another in smaller communities within the large cities (Boston in our case) by county of origin, with friends and family who also came over, and tended to set down roots within those communities. In my husband’s family, they strongly encouraged their kids to marry only other Irish-Americans. It was a way to hold on to their culture perhaps, especially after losing so much by having to come here.
100% Irish is common, particularly on the west coast of Ireland. Ancestry companies used DNA samples from west coast Islanders who historically had the lowest foreign genetic influence due to their geographical isolation.
Very interesting - particularly the last piece on haplogroups. It is clear to me that those places in which I find myself so "at home" are quite literally in my blood...
Thanks for this ❤ I have a lot of overlap with Rathlin 1; he’s my closest ancient dna match on gedmatch so he has a special place in my heart. My mito h6a1b2 is thought to have arrived in Ireland and the BI via the CW/BB - who absorbed yamnayan females as they moved west.
Very interesting vid thanks....some time ago I read about a theory that Ireland wasn't populated from Scotland about 10,000 years ago. The emerging theory is that hunters came north from France bringing the Rh negative blood type with them and populated Ireland while hunting seals and game animals at the end of the ice age. Hence the high amount of Rh negative blood types in Ireland. 'The highest percentage of people with rh- blood is found in the Atlas mountains of Morocco(40%). The next highest are the Basques, reported in different publications as having 25 and 32%, depending on location. The people of northwest Ireland, the Highland Scots and the western islanders of Norway all have between 16 and 25%, while the Lapps of Norway and Finland have between 5 and 7%'
Our I haplogroup was the only one to endure an Ice Age in Europe. We were concentrated in the Balkans with the so-called "Neanderthals" (Jotnar or Jotun), consequently we have a high load of their genes. The R haplogroup were later arrivals. Newcomers, from our standpoint. It is no surprise that we were first in Ireland as we were the first to colonize the newly ice free land. This analysis will have to be updated to include the African influx.
i am so honored that the celts and germanics were our rulers in Mesopotamia and anatolia and North of Syria thousands of years ago and i wish they rule us again.
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My DNA is 90% from the British Isles - mostly Ireland and Scotland. The remnant amounts were from Russia, Anatolia, Middle East and Africa. I am only 2% Scandinavian. I have dark hair, eyes and fair olive skin. Everyone thinks it’s Spanish etc. My grandfather had too much iron.
I have to disagree, In terms of physiognomy, Gaels and Britons are quite easy to tell apart. Irish Gaels and Scots Gaels are tougher to differentiate however.
Its the shamrock (Clover). Its just a very common plant in Ireland (and in Britain). There is a story that St. Patrick explained the Trinity as being like the shamrock, Father, Son and Holy Spirit but all are unified as the one God. The story is probably made up ... but sometimes fiction is better than truth.
Are Irish people Celtic genetically? Yes, they are about 90% Celtic. The Haplogroup R1b is one of a few haplogroups which can be associated with one nation.
I'm descended from Gaelic royalty. We ultimately came from Scythia. We are the tribe of Hercules! Hercules was a Danite Jew named Samson, just ask any Danish person. Gaels are lost Israelites in the tribe of Dan. The royal family we left behind in Scythia later produced the notorious Odin.
Yes, though they may not have called themselves Gaels at the time. If you haven't yet, read "The Oera Linda". I'm also curious what you think the etymology of "Gael" is. I'm thinking it means wind, but that' just my own pet etymology. I saw a comment about the name of The Biblical Gomer meaning Gael Mer, which with my etymology would translate to Sea Wind.
The Gaels were from Egypt the buriel place of queen scota can be seen in county Kerry Ireland to this day Scotia married a syctian king . The Bruce explains the lineage in a letter to the pope
Ive looked into this theory before so I get where he is coming from albeit a poor delivery. I am laughing so hard at your comment, completely justified response :')
@@fionnmcnessa Gaels descend from a Scythian prince and an Egyptian princess. Scythian royalty descends from Hercules. Hercules was a Jew. Gaels are lost Israelites. Why worry about the female side? We are descended from practically everyone ever on the female side. It's the male heritage most people look at.
It's confusing the way you speak of Bell Beakers. The Iberian Bell Beakers are not the same population as the Bell Beakers like Rathlin who have the Steppe dna and carried R1b.
They essentially are, and that's the same language the study used, not me. These are terms that we have made up today though, so this isn't an exact science, as they wouldn't have called themselves Bell Beakers.
@@celtichistorydecoded No they are different populations. The Bell Beakers originating in Iberia were racially different and had no Steppe ancestry. They were Neolithic farmers. Not the same population at all. The problem is in the name. Iberia did get the incoming Bell Beakers from the east as well but in the Bronze Age. You can research this as you will find they aren't the same populations. Even this paragraph from Wikipedia explains this. The earliest Bell Beaker samples in Iberia lacked Steppe ancestry,[60] but between ~2500 and 2000 BC there was a replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry.[64] Y-chromosome lineages common in Copper Age Iberia (I2, G2, H) were nearly completely replaced by one lineage, R1b-M269.
@@celtichistorydecoded You might want to read this study to get an understanding of the differences. The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe
@@michaelcandido2824 Exactly. The Norman invasions resulted in a powerful elite class in England initially, and later in Ireland (and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies). In all instances the mass migration of Norman populations did not take place. But in every instance the primary ruling class of invaded territories was mostly replaced.
I find it ironic the English and Scottish had more genetic impact on Ireland than the Normans. Because the Normans have cleared out half of the island's population basically but instead of being the genetic impact, their English and Scottish serfs were the proxy for genetic impact. I once read a report from ancestry that 80% of Ireland's population and diaspora has British ancestry from modern border modern ethnicity groups from Britain.
Would you know what that report is. It's usually the other way around, as Irish generally went to Britain in high numbers and assimilated. In the past, those that came to Ireland, especially plantations, didn't really integrate. Many moved on to other places such as North America. It's said that a high majority of English people have Irish dna, but not vice versa
I'm 58% English and 40% Irish/Scottish 2% Baltic (Germany and Denmark) One side of my family came from Scotland the other from Ireland🤣 I’m incredibly pale and fair so I knew I had some Irish or Scottish blood in me somewhere 🤣
There never was a large diaspora of Normans in Britain. They replaced the Anglo-Saxon aristocracy but not the general population who were derived of Celtic and Germanic stock. There were also previous 'movements' from Britain into Ireland before the Reformation (often called the 'Old English' ) from the Norman period onwards, families like the Burke's and the Fitzgeralds, who were Catholic. You have to be careful of your terminology. Serfdom had effectively disappeared in England by 1500, although tithed labour that replaced it wasn't much different in effect on the poor. Ireland had also tried to carve out kingdoms in Britain during the early medieval period (Dark Ages). The simple truth is there has always being population movement between Britain and Ireland, sometimes peaceful, sometimes less so; as in some places you can see the other shore from the coast on a clear day. When people from a similar genetically mixed stock move from one part of the British Isles (Ireland is part of the British Isles ... but isn't Britain) to another part their genetics is simply indistinguishable, which is where we fall back on History ... which may not be accurate either. The motto of this tale is - Never believe anyone who expounds simplistic viewpoints on Nationality, Ethnicity or who their Ancestors were ... including those companies promising to tell you where your DNA came from.
@@iainmc9859 exactly in England's case. In Ireland's case however, a million deaths and Norman birthrate average 8 kids and lots of cleared land to colonized, I'd think but turns out no. But instead the Normans planted English and Scottish settlers since day one not just the plantations period.
You should not use words denominating political entities like Spain when talking about places 5000 years ago because there was no Spain but instead use geographic terms like Iberian Peninsula.. This is to avoid a confusion or any idea that the Irish DNA is in anyway linked with the current Spanish people.
I said ancient Spain, which is much easier for people to understand than geographical terms that some people won't immediately understand where I'm talking about.
@@bobiq In which case there's no such thing as Ancient Britain, Ancient Europe, The Ancient Middle East, The Ancient Americas, all of which are regularly used to describe geographical reference points in the pre-medieval past ... the point is Ancient Spain is a geographical reference point, not a description of its history as a political state after the Re-Conquista onwards ... but I guess you knew that. If you want to quibble over semantics why don't you try to negate the phrase 'Ancient Romans' ... almost none of which came from Rome !
@@iainmc9859 Spain is a country with barely 500 years of history, not a geographical region that has been there for millions of years. So no, Vikings didn't discover ancient New York and no genes came to Ireland from ancient Spain.
Interesting comments. Exactly where did that black people first to settle Ireland. Prove that with science before interjecting second-hand geedunk chatter
According to David Reich, DNA analysis has shown that Western Hunter Gatherers were typically dark skinned, dark haired, and blue eyed.[41] The dark skin was due to their Out-of-Africa origin (all Homo sapiens populations having had initially dark skin), while the blue eyes were the result of a variation in their OCA2 gene, which caused iris depigmentation.[42] Archaeologist Graeme Warren has said that their skin color ranged from olive to black, and speculated that they may have had some regional variety of eye and hair colors.[43] This is strikingly different from the distantly related eastern hunter-gatherers (EHG)-who have been suggested to be light-skinned, brown-eyed or blue eyed and dark-haired or light-haired.[44] Two WHG skeletons with incomplete SNPs, La Braña and Cheddar Man, are predicted to have had dark or dark to black skin, whereas two other WHG skeletons with complete SNPs, "Sven" and Loschbour man, are predicted to have had dark or intermediate-to-dark and intermediate skin, respectively.[45][26][b] Spanish biologist Carles Lalueza-Fox said the La Braña-1 individual had dark skin, "although we cannot know the exact shade."[47] According to a 2020 study, the arrival of Early European Farmers (EEFs) from western Anatolia from 8500 to 5000 years ago, along with Western Steppe Herders during the Bronze Age, caused a rapid evolution of European populations towards lighter skin and hair.[42] Admixture between hunter-gatherer and agriculturist populations was apparently occasional, but not extensive.[48] Evolution of Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic phenotypes in Eurasia. Dark-skinned western hunter-gatherers resided in Western Europe, and expanded to some extent towards north and eastern Europe.[42] Some authors have expressed caution regarding skin pigmentation reconstructions: Quillen et al. (2019) acknowledge studies that generally show that "lighter skin color was uncommon across much of Europe during the Mesolithic", including studies regarding the “dark or dark to black” predictions for the Cheddar Man, but warn that "reconstructions of Mesolithic and Neolithic pigmentation phenotype using loci common in modern populations should be interpreted with some caution, as it is possible that other as yet unexamined loci may have also influenced phenotype."[49] Geneticist Susan Walsh at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, who worked on Cheddar Man project, said that "we simply don't know his skin colour".[50] German biochemist Johannes Krause stated that we do not know whether the skin color of Western European hunter-gatherers was more similar to the skin color of people from present-day Central Africa or people from the Arab region. It is only certain that they did not carry any known mutation responsible for the light skin in subsequent populations of Europeans.[51] A 2024 research into the genomic ancestry and social dynamics of the last hunter-gatherers of Atlantic France has stated that "phenotypically, we find some diversity during the Late Mesolithic in France", at which two of the WHG's sequenced in the study "likely had pale to intermediate skin pigmentation", but "most individuals carry the dark skin and blue eyes characteristic of WHGs" of the studied samples.[52] Cut and Paste from Wikipedia ... although they probably chatted over computers and tested samples like Scientists rather than stood around shipboard water fountains and interjected with a lack of any professional knowledge and training !
@iainmc9859 This looks a lot closer to the 40k year marks for the blonde skin development of Ukraine and other northern indigenous humans from this era
@@user-rd6rg7mp7h I think you're talking about Eastern Hunter Gatherers. The population of Ireland were Western Hunter Gatherers overlain by the Agriculturalists from the Middle East and then the descendants of the Pastoralist Yamnaya Culture, who may themselves have been descendants of the Eastern Hunter Gatherers. In other words, the population of Ireland has probably got paler over time due to genetics and climatic conditions.
Any article which depicts the Republic of Ireland tri-colour over the whole island is grossly insulting to the other country on the island and clearly counter factual.
It’s insulting that you see Ireland as two different countries. As an Irish person I will never recognise the north as a separate country…. It’s just the land they stole from us
Lad, that flag in your profile picture isn't even an official flag in any capacity. I think it's grossly insulting to call 2/3 of a province, a country.
@@asanulsterman1025 furthermore if you know what the colours represent then it makes your point null and void 😂😂 imagine living in a land and not even knowing this
@@barryb90 My profile picture is the official NI 100 years centenary emblem. I think it rather more insulting to have a foreign country's flag superimposed over the Ulster nations homeland, don't you?
As the English are mostly of Anglo-Saxon inheritance that statement is clearly untrue. It is perhaps only fair to say that neither the English nor the Irish populations are of significant Norman descent.
Thanks for watching! Please let me know your thoughts below...
The name Irland came from Ir the Brother of Heber and Heremon, that was killed by the tuatha The Dannan, in a horrible back stab betrayal. So heremon and Heber divided the Island after the Milesian conquest. and as a tribute named the island to their fallen brother IR-Land the land of IR.
All the other stuff is tales of people that pass on and on and that know nothing at all!
Very fascinating and brilliantly presented! Congrats on getting a sponsor too. 🙂
Thanks, much appreciated
Conan O'Brien said his DNA test came back as 100% Irish despite his ancestors, as far as he knows, arriving in the US in the 1870s. It would be interesting to see how that company defined Irish though.
My husband is like this. He’s 100% Irish on several sites.
When some of the Irish came here to America post famine, many settled alongside one another in smaller communities within the large cities (Boston in our case) by county of origin, with friends and family who also came over, and tended to set down roots within those communities.
In my husband’s family, they strongly encouraged their kids to marry only other Irish-Americans. It was a way to hold on to their culture perhaps, especially after losing so much by having to come here.
It just means a few generations didn't mix which isn't hard to believe.
100% Irish is common, particularly on the west coast of Ireland. Ancestry companies used DNA samples from west coast Islanders who historically had the lowest foreign genetic influence due to their geographical isolation.
Very interesting - particularly the last piece on haplogroups. It is clear to me that those places in which I find myself so "at home" are quite literally in my blood...
That explains my eye colours! Very interesting indeed. Thank you.
Thanks
Thanks for this ❤
I have a lot of overlap with Rathlin 1; he’s my closest ancient dna match on gedmatch so he has a special place in my heart.
My mito h6a1b2 is thought to have arrived in Ireland and the BI via the CW/BB - who absorbed yamnayan females as they moved west.
Great vid, thanks. ❤
Very interesting vid thanks....some time ago I read about a theory that Ireland wasn't populated from Scotland about 10,000 years ago. The emerging theory is that hunters came north from France bringing the Rh negative blood type with them and populated Ireland while hunting seals and game animals at the end of the ice age. Hence the high amount of Rh negative blood types in Ireland.
'The highest percentage of people with rh- blood is found in the Atlas mountains of Morocco(40%). The next highest are the Basques, reported in different publications as having 25 and 32%, depending on location. The people of northwest Ireland, the Highland Scots and the western islanders of Norway all have between 16 and 25%, while the Lapps of Norway and Finland have between 5 and 7%'
@@Celtaqua i am O-
I want to visit Ireland ❤
This fellow is so Irish that my cup of tea has turned into guinness!
He's Scottish though
Slāinte! Cheers!
I think he's Scottish
He is scottish
I'm Scottish
Basically Gaels, vikings and Norman's. Natives were the Gaels.
I`m mainly Irish and my group is R-M269
I’m Irish but 1/4 Norwegian too
Our I haplogroup was the only one to endure an Ice Age in Europe. We were concentrated in the Balkans with the so-called "Neanderthals" (Jotnar or Jotun), consequently we have a high load of their genes.
The R haplogroup were later arrivals. Newcomers, from our standpoint.
It is no surprise that we were first in Ireland as we were the first to colonize the newly ice free land.
This analysis will have to be updated to include the African influx.
i am so honored that the celts and germanics were our rulers in Mesopotamia and anatolia and North of Syria thousands of years ago and i wish they rule us again.
It goes against my beliefs that one racial group should rule over another However, I am flattered by your appreciation of our ancestors
🍀Love ☘️🤍❤️💛 all this information 💛❤️🤍☘️Love 🍀
by virtue and high repute
According the Ancestry DNA, i am 37% Irish. I have the look of it, for sure.
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sic, has there ben any attempt to connect all this with mythology?
The english got Danish vikings. The irish got Norwegian vikings.
My DNA is 90% from the British Isles - mostly Ireland and Scotland. The remnant amounts were from Russia, Anatolia, Middle East and Africa. I am only 2% Scandinavian. I have dark hair, eyes and fair olive skin. Everyone thinks it’s Spanish etc. My grandfather had too much iron.
To be honest lookswise you couldn't generally tell the difference between Irish and British people, so there is definitely some relation there.
I have to disagree, In terms of physiognomy, Gaels and Britons are quite easy to tell apart. Irish Gaels and Scots Gaels are tougher to differentiate however.
What does this three-leafed plant mean in Ireland?
Its the shamrock (Clover). Its just a very common plant in Ireland (and in Britain). There is a story that St. Patrick explained the Trinity as being like the shamrock, Father, Son and Holy Spirit but all are unified as the one God. The story is probably made up ... but sometimes fiction is better than truth.
@@iainmc9859 Thanks for the answer
Are Irish people Celtic genetically?
Yes, they are about 90% Celtic. The Haplogroup R1b is one of a few haplogroups which can be associated with one nation.
The celtic from very old times
Spain doesnt have much r1,b
Only one line the vasques
I'm descended from Gaelic royalty. We ultimately came from Scythia. We are the tribe of Hercules! Hercules was a Danite Jew named Samson, just ask any Danish person. Gaels are lost Israelites in the tribe of Dan. The royal family we left behind in Scythia later produced the notorious Odin.
Yes, though they may not have called themselves Gaels at the time. If you haven't yet, read "The Oera Linda".
I'm also curious what you think the etymology of "Gael" is. I'm thinking it means wind, but that' just my own pet etymology. I saw a comment about the name of The Biblical Gomer meaning Gael Mer, which with my etymology would translate to Sea Wind.
The Gaels were from Egypt the buriel place of queen scota can be seen in county Kerry Ireland to this day Scotia married a syctian king .
The Bruce explains the lineage in a letter to the pope
If Schizophrenia wasn't proven yet.
You just scientifically verified schizophrenia.
Ive looked into this theory before so I get where he is coming from albeit a poor delivery.
I am laughing so hard at your comment, completely justified response :')
@@fionnmcnessa Gaels descend from a Scythian prince and an Egyptian princess. Scythian royalty descends from Hercules. Hercules was a Jew. Gaels are lost Israelites. Why worry about the female side? We are descended from practically everyone ever on the female side. It's the male heritage most people look at.
The biggest slave trade was in ireland
The vikings had it
It's confusing the way you speak of Bell Beakers. The Iberian Bell Beakers are not the same population as the Bell Beakers like Rathlin who have the Steppe dna and carried R1b.
They essentially are, and that's the same language the study used, not me. These are terms that we have made up today though, so this isn't an exact science, as they wouldn't have called themselves Bell Beakers.
@@celtichistorydecoded No they are different populations. The Bell Beakers originating in Iberia were racially different and had no Steppe ancestry. They were Neolithic farmers. Not the same population at all. The problem is in the name. Iberia did get the incoming Bell Beakers from the east as well but in the Bronze Age. You can research this as you will find they aren't the same populations. Even this paragraph from Wikipedia explains this. The earliest Bell Beaker samples in Iberia lacked Steppe ancestry,[60] but between ~2500 and 2000 BC there was a replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry.[64] Y-chromosome lineages common in Copper Age Iberia (I2, G2, H) were nearly completely replaced by one lineage, R1b-M269.
@@celtichistorydecoded You might want to read this study to get an understanding of the differences. The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe
We don’t have any archeological DNA from the Norman conquest, so how could you say Normans left a very limited genetic impact on England?
Some people do and the ones that’s do tend to have royal lines since most only married royalty or of noble families
@@michaelcandido2824 Exactly. The Norman invasions resulted in a powerful elite class in England initially, and later in Ireland (and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies). In all instances the mass migration of Norman populations did not take place. But in every instance the primary ruling class of invaded territories was mostly replaced.
Major academic studies say that, not me
They are more vikings
Forget history , the current irish DNA is more page8 than curryland itself.
I find it ironic the English and Scottish had more genetic impact on Ireland than the Normans. Because the Normans have cleared out half of the island's population basically but instead of being the genetic impact, their English and Scottish serfs were the proxy for genetic impact.
I once read a report from ancestry that 80% of Ireland's population and diaspora has British ancestry from modern border modern ethnicity groups from Britain.
Would you know what that report is. It's usually the other way around, as Irish generally went to Britain in high numbers and assimilated.
In the past, those that came to Ireland, especially plantations, didn't really integrate. Many moved on to other places such as North America.
It's said that a high majority of English people have Irish dna, but not vice versa
I'm 58% English and 40% Irish/Scottish 2% Baltic (Germany and Denmark) One side of my family came from Scotland the other from Ireland🤣 I’m incredibly pale and fair so I knew I had some Irish or Scottish blood in me somewhere 🤣
@@xsamrx4718 beautiful results
There never was a large diaspora of Normans in Britain. They replaced the Anglo-Saxon aristocracy but not the general population who were derived of Celtic and Germanic stock.
There were also previous 'movements' from Britain into Ireland before the Reformation (often called the 'Old English' ) from the Norman period onwards, families like the Burke's and the Fitzgeralds, who were Catholic.
You have to be careful of your terminology. Serfdom had effectively disappeared in England by 1500, although tithed labour that replaced it wasn't much different in effect on the poor.
Ireland had also tried to carve out kingdoms in Britain during the early medieval period (Dark Ages).
The simple truth is there has always being population movement between Britain and Ireland, sometimes peaceful, sometimes less so; as in some places you can see the other shore from the coast on a clear day. When people from a similar genetically mixed stock move from one part of the British Isles (Ireland is part of the British Isles ... but isn't Britain) to another part their genetics is simply indistinguishable, which is where we fall back on History ... which may not be accurate either.
The motto of this tale is - Never believe anyone who expounds simplistic viewpoints on Nationality, Ethnicity or who their Ancestors were ... including those companies promising to tell you where your DNA came from.
@@iainmc9859 exactly in England's case.
In Ireland's case however, a million deaths and Norman birthrate average 8 kids and lots of cleared land to colonized,
I'd think but turns out no.
But instead the Normans planted English and Scottish settlers since day one not just the plantations period.
You should not use words denominating political entities like Spain when talking about places 5000 years ago because there was no Spain but instead use geographic terms like Iberian Peninsula.. This is to avoid a confusion or any idea that the Irish DNA is in anyway linked with the current Spanish people.
I said ancient Spain, which is much easier for people to understand than geographical terms that some people won't immediately understand where I'm talking about.
@@celtichistorydecoded No such thing as ancient Spain
@@bobiq In which case there's no such thing as Ancient Britain, Ancient Europe, The Ancient Middle East, The Ancient Americas, all of which are regularly used to describe geographical reference points in the pre-medieval past ... the point is Ancient Spain is a geographical reference point, not a description of its history as a political state after the Re-Conquista onwards ... but I guess you knew that.
If you want to quibble over semantics why don't you try to negate the phrase 'Ancient Romans' ... almost none of which came from Rome !
@@iainmc9859 Spain is a country with barely 500 years of history, not a geographical region that has been there for millions of years. So no, Vikings didn't discover ancient New York and no genes came to Ireland from ancient Spain.
@@iainmc9859 Spain is not a geographical region.
Interesting comments. Exactly where did that black people first to settle Ireland. Prove that with science before interjecting second-hand geedunk chatter
What?
@@silversolver7809 geedunk is naval slang for water fountain gossip
According to David Reich, DNA analysis has shown that Western Hunter Gatherers were typically dark skinned, dark haired, and blue eyed.[41] The dark skin was due to their Out-of-Africa origin (all Homo sapiens populations having had initially dark skin), while the blue eyes were the result of a variation in their OCA2 gene, which caused iris depigmentation.[42]
Archaeologist Graeme Warren has said that their skin color ranged from olive to black, and speculated that they may have had some regional variety of eye and hair colors.[43] This is strikingly different from the distantly related eastern hunter-gatherers (EHG)-who have been suggested to be light-skinned, brown-eyed or blue eyed and dark-haired or light-haired.[44]
Two WHG skeletons with incomplete SNPs, La Braña and Cheddar Man, are predicted to have had dark or dark to black skin, whereas two other WHG skeletons with complete SNPs, "Sven" and Loschbour man, are predicted to have had dark or intermediate-to-dark and intermediate skin, respectively.[45][26][b] Spanish biologist Carles Lalueza-Fox said the La Braña-1 individual had dark skin, "although we cannot know the exact shade."[47]
According to a 2020 study, the arrival of Early European Farmers (EEFs) from western Anatolia from 8500 to 5000 years ago, along with Western Steppe Herders during the Bronze Age, caused a rapid evolution of European populations towards lighter skin and hair.[42] Admixture between hunter-gatherer and agriculturist populations was apparently occasional, but not extensive.[48]
Evolution of Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic phenotypes in Eurasia. Dark-skinned western hunter-gatherers resided in Western Europe, and expanded to some extent towards north and eastern Europe.[42]
Some authors have expressed caution regarding skin pigmentation reconstructions: Quillen et al. (2019) acknowledge studies that generally show that "lighter skin color was uncommon across much of Europe during the Mesolithic", including studies regarding the “dark or dark to black” predictions for the Cheddar Man, but warn that "reconstructions of Mesolithic and Neolithic pigmentation phenotype using loci common in modern populations should be interpreted with some caution, as it is possible that other as yet unexamined loci may have also influenced phenotype."[49]
Geneticist Susan Walsh at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, who worked on Cheddar Man project, said that "we simply don't know his skin colour".[50] German biochemist Johannes Krause stated that we do not know whether the skin color of Western European hunter-gatherers was more similar to the skin color of people from present-day Central Africa or people from the Arab region. It is only certain that they did not carry any known mutation responsible for the light skin in subsequent populations of Europeans.[51]
A 2024 research into the genomic ancestry and social dynamics of the last hunter-gatherers of Atlantic France has stated that "phenotypically, we find some diversity during the Late Mesolithic in France", at which two of the WHG's sequenced in the study "likely had pale to intermediate skin pigmentation", but "most individuals carry the dark skin and blue eyes characteristic of WHGs" of the studied samples.[52]
Cut and Paste from Wikipedia ... although they probably chatted over computers and tested samples like Scientists rather than stood around shipboard water fountains and interjected with a lack of any professional knowledge and training !
@iainmc9859 This looks a lot closer to the 40k year marks for the blonde skin development of Ukraine and other northern indigenous humans from this era
@@user-rd6rg7mp7h I think you're talking about Eastern Hunter Gatherers. The population of Ireland were Western Hunter Gatherers overlain by the Agriculturalists from the Middle East and then the descendants of the Pastoralist Yamnaya Culture, who may themselves have been descendants of the Eastern Hunter Gatherers.
In other words, the population of Ireland has probably got paler over time due to genetics and climatic conditions.
Any article which depicts the Republic of Ireland tri-colour over the whole island is grossly insulting to the other country on the island and clearly counter factual.
It’s insulting that you see Ireland as two different countries. As an Irish person I will never recognise the north as a separate country…. It’s just the land they stole from us
Lad, that flag in your profile picture isn't even an official flag in any capacity. I think it's grossly insulting to call 2/3 of a province, a country.
@@asanulsterman1025 furthermore if you know what the colours represent then it makes your point null and void 😂😂 imagine living in a land and not even knowing this
@@Mary420Jen4 How can facts be insulting? ROI and NI are different countries, with different flags, whether you recognise it or not.
@@barryb90 My profile picture is the official NI 100 years centenary emblem. I think it rather more insulting to have a foreign country's flag superimposed over the Ulster nations homeland, don't you?
Irish are English
What?
As the English are mostly of Anglo-Saxon inheritance that statement is clearly untrue. It is perhaps only fair to say that neither the English nor the Irish populations are of significant Norman descent.
palestians are jews - make it make sense!
Greatest bait known to man
Celtic
Black people say they are the original inhabitants of Ireland
We were gaels n shiiieet
And Japanese, Mayan, Atecs, Romans... tealing not only other people's bicycles but also history, g0ys.
Afro centrist are just as bad as Nordicist.
@@fearls1898Nice👍
And do you believe them? Cheddar man may have been dark but he was not African.